Du Pont Sernesan" and TURF FUNGICIDE disease control" Says Orville Young Superintendent, Moraine Country Club, Dayton, Ohio "It takes the best of fungicides to control turf diseases-especially in the Ohio Valley, where brown patch is a severe problem. To do this job, 1 use 'Semesan' Turf Fungicide and 'Tersan' in combination approximately every two weeks, and oftener 'during hot;' humid weather." Mr. Young continues, "I also know that these chemicals are com- patible with most turf insecticides and chemical fertilizers." You can guard your greens against com- mon fungus diseases-brown patch, dollar spot, and snow mold-with regular appli- cations of Du Pont "Semesan" Turf Fungi- cide plus "Tersan." It's an outstandingly effective combination in both the cure and prevention of fungus attacks. "Semesan" Turf Fungicide and "Tersan" are packaged separately for convenient, accurate meas- uring and mixing and are easy to apply with spraying equipment. DU PONT AMMATE® X for brush and weed control ... Use Du Pont "Ammate" X for control of undesir- able brush and poison ivy. It kills both foliage and roots, prevents regrowth. "Ammate" X is non-volatile, re- duces to a minimum the hozord of damage by spray drift_ .!' • View of a fairway and one of the beautifully maintained greens at Moraine Country Club. On all chemicals, follow label instructions and warnings carefully, TERSAN® 75 Turf Fungicide ~EMESAN® Turf Fungicide AMMATE®X Weed and Brush Killer February, 1957 ~ REG.U.S. PAT. OfF: BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ••• THROUGH CHEMISTRY 51
Transcript
Du Pont Sernesan" andTURF FUNGICIDE
disease control"Says Orville Young
Superintendent, Moraine Country Club, Dayton, Ohio
"It takes the best of fungicides to controlturf diseases-especially in the Ohio Valley,where brown patch is a severe problem. Todo this job, 1 use 'Semesan' Turf Fungicideand 'Tersan' in combination approximatelyevery two weeks, and oftener 'during hot;'humid weather." Mr. Young continues, "Ialso know that these chemicals are com-patible with most turf insecticides andchemical fertilizers."
You can guard your greens against com-
mon fungus diseases-brown patch, dollarspot, and snow mold-with regular appli-cations of Du Pont "Semesan" Turf Fungi-cide plus "Tersan." It's an outstandinglyeffective combination in both the cure andprevention of fungus attacks. "Semesan"Turf Fungicide and "Tersan" are packagedseparately for convenient, accurate meas-uring and mixing and are easy to applywith spraying equipment.
DU PONT AMMATE® X for brush and weed control ... Use Du Pont "Ammate" X for control of undesir-able brush and poison ivy. It kills both foliage and roots, prevents regrowth. "Ammate" X is non-volatile, re-
duces to a minimum the hozord of damage by spray drift_
.!'
• View of a fairway and one of the beautifully maintained greens at Moraine Country Club.
On all chemicals, follow label instructions and warnings carefully,
TERSAN® 75 Turf Fungicide
~EMESAN® Turf Fungicide
AMMATE®X Weed and Brush Killer
February, 1957
~REG.U.S. PAT. OfF:
BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING••• THROUGH CHEMISTRY
One of the prime requisites, and onethat' seldom considered first, is, "Who isavailable and properly trained to man-
age and direct the golfphysical plan t? Whocan we get to superviseconstruction. to be re-sponsible for manage-ment of the grass andall labor and equip-ment? Who can we find
who has knowledge of managing turf'grasv,soils and all related ubjects so as to pro-vide the very be t possible playing condi-tions? Who can we get who knows how toet up and operate within a budget? Who
is available that is willing to do all thisand be on the job 24 hom s a day, 7 daysa week?"
'I he job isn't quite as tough as intimatedabove because a man must get some sleep.What we are trying to emphasize is thatsomewhere, somehow we need to find orto develop capable men with the pe( ializ-cd knowledg , and skills tha t the professionof the course upt. demands. Many posi-tion are going begging or arc being filledtemporarily by untrained men who are do-ing the job by trial and error. Graduallythey learn how to do the most necessarythings to maintain reasonably good condi-tions. Thi i not the most desirable situa-tion.
At the Turf Field da ys at Penn, tate,Paul \Veiss and Leonard Strong were ableto tell us that the GCS.\ scholar hip andresearch fund has b('(,11 established. Alrcadvone ·100 undergraduate s( holarship ha~'ibeen placed at Purdue nivcrsity.
'I his i clear evidence of the progres hethinking of the GC'A and of its desir totrain men for the c. acting prole sion 01
The Need
for
Trained Men
52
golf course !'IUpt. Few detail are availablbut it appears IIlO t probable that the mentrc~ined under these cholar hip "ill re-cerve both theoretical training in the cla .room and practical training on the cour eand in the re earch plots of the in titution.~Ihis program de erves full mea ure ofsupport from all superintendent, club andgolfer.
\Ve hould like to m ntion ju t' on .phase of construe tion which, if placed incompetent hands, will make life ea ier forthe supt. and will provide greater atisfac-ti(~n for t~l~ golfer. ':e refer to ph) ical'toll conditions, particularly in puttinggreen and tee and to a le ser e tent, inIairways. Many perennial headache havebeen built in, relieved only when the areaare completely rebuilt at high co t and tothe disgust of the players. Too often thesuperintendent gets the blame for not b -ing able to grow perfect turf under im-possible conditions, Had he b 'en on thejob during planning and construction, withr omplcte authority to provide the prop rphysical soil conditions, the ultimate costwould be lower.
!\fany letters that come to this depart-ment have this as their theme. 1his was ofinterest in 1931 when we worked withK en Welton at the Arlington Turf ard-('n~ making mud pies in an effort to learnthe best way to blend soil, sand and humulor the 'perfect' putting green oil. canof trial and error, considerable rc 'arch,and new tools to work \ ith hay' rclie edthe situation somewhat. 'one of the know-ledge of how to do it 1ight i any good un-less it is put to work. TO longer need webuild hcadac hes in to the go1£ cour .
'I his bring- us hac k to our ori inaltheme, \Vt' need molt.' trained men that
Coljdom
can be hired to a it ill wrJlIng pCt andin upervi ing (On true tion so that the Iacil-it ie ar built right the fir I time.
All golf (Our c and golf Iacili tic nowbuilding or ill plctllning will do w'II tolook to the GC \ I t member have theknow-how. '1 h \ know the wher 'about 01trained m n. 'Ille are rearing rholar hipto bring II more trained m n.
Q. ,•..amplgl n wetand w havpaction. h
.an w
\ftCl making several mi turc with thec.la soil and thc muck \ hich au ent, it ap·peal that the he t m i t m e would be, 111('.1-
luck (brown, Iib rous 10 PCl c ntBlack muck is highl\ colloidal and \ ould
he undesirable in thc mi tur if used in quant it ies over 10 pel cent hv volume. T." thebrown fibrous por t ion - it 0\1 an .• Ii thematerial off the site if at all po iblc andhaul them 10 the green. spreading it uniformI 12 ins. deep over the prepared well drainedbase. B rC1110\ ing the cia) and prov idinggravel fm the base, )OU will need no tile,
These ate \ el~ basic and incomplete d iicct ions or sugge: tions. 1 he) mav or ma notappl to another golf «)1I1Se, that ha a d if-Ierent t) pc of top soil and subsoil.
You mav double-check (he alculation butI believe that 12 i11',. of this m i t urc ovei1,000 sq. fl. I 'quite. W cu. ds.
\ cv, on mav U c .lgn< u lt m al •.lag to rcplace pall of the sand ~Iag' ill provide cal-
ium and several t rarc clement . \\'ilholl( se .illg )our slag. I would suggest not more thanhalf lag. half sand. A sample of lag would heappl eciatcd.
Q. I am a doctor and I am (Oil tl nctin~ amall (10 25) putting green in III 'aH1. T,
ther a mall hand mow -r that would be sari -fa tor? T fe I thi ize gr ell would not rc-quir the 11. ual power putting green mow r.
1.0, I would Iik information on the pTOp It P of gra., and on the care and managementof the turf. ( T H)
. The he •.t information (hal T can giv onis to o1icit help frOI11 repre •..cntativcs of theGolf uperintendenr's A n. in OUlarea. Emer v, .CS. alt Lake itv,i on who ha gi' n much help to others an't!in whom 1 have great oonf'idenre, If he can-
John H. Dimmick (center), 50-year vet at ShawneeInn, Shawnee-on Dcbware, Pa., and course supt.there, was the guest around whom all festivitiesc ntered when the Pocono Turf Assn, held itsannual banquet rec sntly. John is flan ed by FredWaring (left), Shownae pres., and Harry Obitz,
vp and club pro.1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
not help )Oll he can rcfci ou to om one whocan.
Hand putung gltcn mowei are availableand would be preferable on such a mall at ca.lour local golf (()UI~C upph deale r: (all hrid\ ou on Ita nd 1110\\,(,1 •
all' and management of b nt putting gl en:i adequately dcxcr ibcd in Till! Management(M«d.1\\ Hill) h II. B .. Ius: cr. A ub lip.lion to COLlOO:\I and olf Com e Reporteralso will keep '0Il up to-date. Your local gollcourse upcrintcndcntx ale well vcr ed in theubject.
Q.])o u think that ;\fi10rganit ha:enough tract' element in it ° that it willupplv what 111\ gtcer., need? (I\. ns.)
\. Itt',PC( (IOn of the analv \. of filor-g.tI1ite indicates t hat thi fcu ilizcr probably"ill upph I11mt of vour t rar element- reoquircmcnt . PI.I~ti(.t1 H' Hits Oil man' ourscUpp01 t thi 'I('\\'. 111' c ccption ma b
iron. \\'h<,n iiou ch lorovi appears, th nsiblewav to 0\('1 rom« it is 1)\ tht app lication of 01·uhlc iron ill iion vulfatc, fcrrou :11111110niuT11
ulfutc, OJ iron chelate.Q. I am hav ing trouble with m dirt t e .
, hat would h the be. t dirt to u ?, ha,300 or more round •..of goH a da • (Mal .)
\. hom Olll limited c PCI in' with bare-soil tees we would ugge t a and" la with10 pel rent 1)\ volume of awdn ( mi. d into keep the ,oil 0»<'11 <'l1ough to permit thepeg tns to he inscrtr-d when th oil i dr '.Your ,oil dcpa r t mcnt at tit Agricultural K-pcrimcnt . tat ion could help ou to local orto mi ~I sandv c.lav that vould b uitable .
YOUI chief problem probably i to rcplacand lev I the oil a it i worn a va b golfhot and to keep it 1 a onablv moi t. Theand vould k ep it hom bein gUtnTll' and
stirkv in wet weather.
Sell players who like their golfbags big this Spalding #701. It'san extra-large "Stay Type"model with a plastic bottomand Vinyl-coated fabric bodythat can really take a beating.Has enormous ball and bootpockets .. ells for $70.00.
54
Round and rugged, the Spalding705 IS made of tough, heavy
Navajo fabric trimmed withfull grain red strap leather. HaIndestructible plastic bottom.leather handle and trap. insidall-weather hood. A profit-maker at $50.00.
t
A colorful cameo pattern bright-ens this 707 key tone t p-down bag. Ha Vinyl-coatedfabric body With full gramleather tnm-centcr piece withheavy leather wings. mbr lIatrap and 0 k t add the fini h-
ing touche. ells for 40.
,when you carry the full
Spalding line
Good-looking and practical, theSpalding 11709i' a real value foryour cu tamers-a real money-mak r for you. It's a big bag ofdurabl duck fabric , ith heavyleath r trim. Ha big ball andboot p ckets, too. nd it ellfor ju t 25. O.
There's plenty of room in thisred and black beauty for all agolfer' n ds. It hig p cketsare full-welted for e tra strength.Has name card holder, "ideshield and full accessory strap.Th numb r? 717. Selling price?Just 12. O.
Th re' mor room. mor wear, mor goodI k in palding golf bag than any oth ry u ean 11.H re ar ju t a few fr m the full
raiding line tyl touit every on
pocketbook .
tock and ell th m with eonfid nee. ndr member, like all pal ding m rchandith golf bag are unconditionally guarant d.
February, 191)i
Big, bright, and beau iful-thicolorful Spalding 716 olf bagha ever thing a week nd golf rwant . Plaid duck body hackedwith rubber for year of wear.BIg hall pocket. Hanging hood.
nd you can s 1\ it for only12.00.
sets the pace in sports
Q. Weare tarting con truction of a new 9-hole coure. Our committee i charged withreoponsibility of e uring the be t po' ibleputtingurface and fairway. We know lerylittle about the relative merit of the variou. trains of Bent and Bermuda. 'Ve would ap-preciate an information you could give u onthi ubject generally and specifically on thefollowing points:
1. What grasses ghe the be t putting surfaceduring the various eason in Out location?'Vhat is the initial comparative cost of the var-iou green turfs in regard to:
a. co t of .eed?b. co t of stolons?c. ny special green con truction cost 01' soil
preparation CO.t of one green not neces-arily applicabl to other?
2. Is growing bent, considering initial cost,heat and disea e susceptibility, practical in thisclimate for a mall dub with omewhat limitedfund?
3. 'Vhat maintenance operations are neces-ary in the good management of b nt that arc-ot al 0 necessar) in th management of Ber-mda?4. Is it essential to have a "bent grass" man
" grow and maintain bent sue essfull , orrather can any intelligent green keeper mas-ter the problem p culiar to management ofbent green'?
5. Which varietj of Bermuda is b t in ourection? Which variety of bent i bet. in oureetion? (Tenn.)
A. Consider ing )OUI length of growing sea-son and knowing the habit of improvedstrains of Bermuda, I would ay that yourdub, with limited funds, will have the be tputting surfaces from an improved Bermudagra s.
'J he cost of prepat ing and planting a gre nis about the ame r 'gardless of th kind ofgrass us d. Using seed may be lightly cheaper<11 first but more costly later because of high rmaintenance costs.
Stolons of bent or prigs of improved Ber-muda cost about the arne for establishing agreen, roughly to to 50 Io r 1,000 sq. fl. forplanting mate) ial, Knowing what an improvedBermuda can do 011 a gle .n in vour ar ca Iwould advise against bent at this time underthe conditions which you descr ibc. Bcrugrussrequire more rai elu l watering, mur.h moreattention for disease control, and "'I deli-cate handling during the h at of t hc ummer.Bermuda gl'een ale 11I0IC lugged, and 1I10ledisea e re istant. .\lowillg cost ar i t hc same.Wat rinz costs will be less for Bermuda.
From vhat J hav e seen, I'd say ~I "bcntgrassman" i virt ua ll «sscntia l for b mr greens invoui part of t he rounr rv. \ny good supt. callrna tcr the' ptohlcllts of bent hut it is possibleto los' a lot of glass whil he lcar ns the plOp-cr methods.
\gain, ha cd Oil 111\ c pcricnre, I wouldchoose I ga ndagi as. 10) bermuda gl(:cn. illvour ect iou. It is a fine a bent, it i I uggcd,ea'y to kc 'P, and it i a good companion 10
\pr. 12 I'ruro Turfgrass 'onf'r-enee, ova cotia \gricultura ICollege, I ruro,
1'0<1 annua which is om univer al "inter gra .1 '0 Bermuda that J hav ' sc n produce finnputting urface -. It is vei v winter-hard intoP .nnsylvania, 'Vct \ irginia and l' '\ York.
If I were to gum hent gl .cns in our areaI would choo > Cohanscv ( -i) bent. It i agood heat-resistan t bent but" erv susceptibleto dollar pot. "l hel at _ celleilt gre n ofArlington (C-I) bent in Tenn ssee but I '\ouldhe itate to select this gra under vour condi-tion.
1957 International MatchesTo Be Held in Japan
The third International rophy mat hand fifth annual competition for the an-ada Cup will be held oncurrcntlv inTok '0 in October, ac cord ing to th In-ternational Golf Assn. of which John .Ja·Hopkins is founder and dunn. 'I hi willhe t he first major event pla cd in Japanin which golfers throughout the 'worldwill participate.
In (l((epting the imitation of thej apanesc olf Assn. to hold the in rna-tional competitions in Tok 0, Hopkin'laid he , ••..:\ inf1u meed bv the fact that the.Japanese arc among the, 'orld' most enthw.ia ••tir go1fCl and lllan) of theircourses arc of champion hip calibcr. Inthe I~).)(; matr.ho in iurr '), Fng" "IP,II1.rcpr cscutccl b) Yo. hiro ITa ashi and IichioI hii, I~h!ced fourth ill the Canada Cu»competrnon.
specially constructed wilton available in many patterns and colors
Add smartne s, fre hne and appeal to all therooms in your club . . . pro hop locker room •grill, etc. Give them the beauty of HOLME"Golf Club Carpet", Quality 282-a sturdy, easyto maintain, wool wilton carpet specifically con-structed to withstand the tear and wear of golfhoe pikes.
In the Lubbock Country Club, Lubbock, Texas,(shown above) HOLMES Quality 282 was installedin a smartly styled. specially monogrammed pat-tern. This design with your club initials is just oneof the many HOLMES pattern available inQuality 282.
III Id n"QualilY Carpets Since 1857"
ErI Ave ,. K Str t Phil. I ia 24. p, sri' ia
/. ('/1111(/1 " I1)i7
Plea e end me HOLMES "Golf Club"HERALD, illustratin installations ofQuality 282 in many well known clubs.
NAME
CLUB
ADDRESS
CITY STAT
02-1-----------------~
Officers, Directors omin edby GCSA Committee
ominating commitee of the GC A hasf>reparcd a slate of candidate for pre.,vp> and director which will be voted up-on at the 2 th Turfgra Conference inLoui ville' Kentucky Hotel, Feb. 10-15.
omination u ually assure election al-though GC by-law permit floor nomi-nation for all office .
Tho e nominated include:Pre . Paul 'Vei , Leh igh C , Emmaus,
Pa.VPs: Robert \Villiams, Beverly C , Chi-
cago and Jame E. Thomas, rmy- avycc, Arlington, Va.
Director: Leonard Bloomquist, Brook-view CC, Minneapoli; elson Monical,Portage CC, Akron, 0.; Tom Hayes,Meadow Brook ce, Overland, Mo.; Mar-ion Mendenhall, Kenwood ec, Cincinnati;Thoma Topp, yracu c Y C, CIa),
T. Y.; Henson Iaples, Pinehurst ( . C.)
Auditor Points Pro to$600 Annual Saving
One of t~e younger professionals, goodon a lub Job and in the tournaments,told GOLFDOl\f:
"Pro can't very well complain aboutclub officials having no idea of pro de-partment expenses when the fact i thatthe pro often don't know what the corereally i on what it 0 ts them to dobusiness.
Had yes Opened
"I thought I wa pretty well informedabout my business expenses and was han-dling them careful1y until I made a dealwith an auditor to go over my books eachmonth and tell me where I ould aveand make money. I wasn't (harging whatI should ~1ave charged against the expenseof operatmg my department. I wa paying~ lot out of what I thought wa profitm my. P? ket .and I wa mi sing a loton legItimate Income ta dcdu tions, Iwasn't bu .ing right or making ale be-fore I had money tied up in too muchlow moving tuff.
"The .auditor' di coveris , sugge tionsand ad nc aved me 600 la t ear. Thatmay not cem mu h to some pro whotalk big moncy hut when you figure ita the profit on shop busines: or a les-on in orne, fiOO represent a I t of bu i·
nc "
5
USGA ANNOU CES 1958 DATESThe ha announced that the
1958 [ational Op n will be pIa, ed atouthern Hill , Tulsa, kl., un
12-14.The 195 ational mat ur will
played at the Olympia lub, an ran i 0,ept. 8-13.
The mcrica5·6, 195 at thei co.
Other date:'Vomen' Open, For take
field Hill, Iich., Jun 26-2.Amateur Public ink, ilvei
Orland Park, 111., July 7-12.Women's mateur, 'Vee
Darien, Conn., ug. 18-23.
, Bloom-
Lake ~
Burn . ,
Better Pro MerchandisinAssures Bigger Pro Sale
Kenneth mith, who w nt from a projob to establi h what ha become thworld's larg st custom clubma ing bu i·n S5 and to make a stock lin of fin lubtakes a bright vi \r of the pro' bu ine 'picture for 1957.
The Kan a CIty dub p ciali t a "therepreseruativ prole .sional have tcadilvimrrovcd their b?ying, di play, ad 'crti ing,selling and service op ration, hav bet-tered their stock control and extend d care-ful managcm nt of other d tails of theirbusine ·S.
"These pro. arc alert and ut ressf ul m j-,
chant and can olve th ir problem justas comp .t ntly as competitive merchantssolve problem they have in their bu i-n.esses," mith ?ntinue "The pro' in.trrnate contact with golfer, and the strongsale. ?peni?g h has through the I ontee, gIve 111m an adva nta over th in.evitable competition. But he mu ton·stantly offer cust<;>mers what they ne d andwant and have It read for th ir in p c-tion and us ."
Turfgrass Cour e at U.C.L.A.'tarting F ·b. 5, the niv r it of ali-
Iorn ia I~. tension, Los Ang .le , i off 'ringa 12-sc sion c~JUr e in Turfgra Culture.CIa scs arc bcmg h old at .•. L.A. E peri.~nental Area, Bldg. B, 300 Veteran ve.in ,./\ on 12 con ecuti '1 ue da 'c ningfr?rtl,7 to 9:30 p:m. Victor B. oungn'rwill 111 truer the J~ ten ion cour e.
Ott
woSeYes,
m t r
maint nance probWorthington unitBefore ou bu " haand -, hen you do.
orthington again tthat orthington dT t Worthin CYtonequrpme
k
The mo I eompl Ie lin of I rg re gr mini n nee equlpm nl In th orldl
If funds aren't immediately availableto build 18 quality holes, a leadinggolf architect gives this advice . . .
forBy GEOFFREY S. CORNISH
BEG U E numerous golf (Our es arcworth from half to a million dollars
or more and even would he a bargain atthese price, many groups contemplatingnew layouts often feel the could ncv Clraise sufficient capital to bring their projects to successful conclusions.
Actually, new courses can be put intoplay at relatively modest figures with Iur-ther construction making the investmentappreciate over the years. During this sam"period a qualified golf course supt., backedby correct design and construction, all themaintenance equipment he needs and anadequate budget, will greatly increase thevalue of the part of the course alreadybuilt.
One of the first questions to he s::ttlcc!in the earliest organization and planningstage is whether the initial layout i<; to he9 or 18 holes. \Vhenuffident funds arcavailable or can be raised it is wise in mostcase to strive for 18. But if funds arc re-stricted. 9 quality holes arc vastly prefer-able to an inferior ] 8, while c\ en 6 holesto start may get the project rolling. Dis-sipating limited funds for I R holes canprove disastrous with thc final result thatthere is either no golf <ours" a t all or avery mediocre one.
afe and Sane ProgramThe following figures illustrate a wise
program adopted by one few Englanddub whose committee realizecl there wasa limit to what could be raised. First, thefollowing estimate was prepared:
a. Known cost of 160 acresrequired for 18 holes ; .. ..... 16.000
h. Estimated cost ofbuilding ]8 hole . 90,000
c. ourse furnishings and in itialmaintenance cquipmcn t •••• 5,000
d. E tirnated cost ofmodest clubhouse fiO.nOO
e. Estimated cost ol parkinglot and ver . mallwimming pool . 13,OO()
60
f. E. pcdiency figurc10% of b, c, d, and e 16. 00
Total capital required ... 200, 00vttempting to raise thi total wa con-
sidered an overwhelming ta k b thi par-ti ular group. In tcad, 9 hole wer premoted in line with the following e timate :
a. Known cost of 160 au landrequired for 18 hol 16.000
b. Estimated cost 9 hole ob-taining plans for 1 Ii.000
c. Course furnishings and initialmaintenance equipment ~.OOO
d. Estimated cost small build-ing to act as temporaryclubhouse and later to beused as pro shop .
e. E pedicncy figure 10%of b, c, and d .
.000
6.0()O
Total capital required. 2.000lthough land values var) widel and
other groups may require a mur h morelavish clubhous than thi group had inmind, th above figure provide rclativ ('planning data for other committees withrestricted funds. ate that sul Iic J('IH acreage was purchased for 18 holes. < otc, too,that plans were drawn for the second nine.'I hi latter point is occasionally overlooked.When the time comes to e. panel t 1.holes have to be sacrificed at the v'rytime turf on greens and fairways is reach-ing maximum pcrf cc tion. Consequent lossis then even greater than the dollar in-volved.
he [ew England rlub has (' ccllcnrterrain and soil. The estimated .90.000provided for a high quality 18 of cham-pion hip length on this id .al land plu (l
water ystem for greens and tees, On I· ~desirable land the cost would 1)(' highera' it abo would he if a Iairwav waterstem was installed. " T01 '0 er, c: ;nbitantro ts and wa te arising from inadequate
