A week-long powerpoint I used to teach my 6th grade students about Simple Machines! Modify it as you please.
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Just Do It • What is the purpose of a ramp? • You’re nailing a nail into a big board, but the nail bends. How will you remove it from the board? • What do an axe, a knife, and a fork all have in common?
Transcript
1. Just Do It What is the purpose of a ramp? Youre nailing a
nail into a big board, but the nail bends. How will you remove it
from the board? What do an axe, a knife, and a fork all have in
common?
2. Just Do It: Copy This TableSimple Purpose and Notes
ExamplesMachineInclined PlaneLeverPulleyWedgeWheel
andAxleScrew
3. Standard6-5.7 Explain how the design of simple machines
(including levers, pulleys, and inclined planes) helps reduce the
amount of force required to do work.
4. A simple machine is amachine that helps youdo work by
changingthe amount or directionof the force you apply.
5. At the end of this activity:You will write a paragraph that
describes and gives examples of the 6 simple machines.
6. Lets Learn Together: Gallery Walk Rules Stay with your
group. Do NOT leave before time is called Do not linger at a site
after time is called Use your secret voices Copy down notes until
time is called. If you finish early, do not leave your area or
speak louder than a whisper!
7. The 6 Simple Machines Inclined plane Wedge Lever screwpulley
Wheel & Axle
8. Make Notes!Print a copy of the data sheet for notes on this
presentation by clicking the pencil below.
9. The Inclined PlaneAn inclined plane is a flat surface that
is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to
a lower or higher place.Inclined planes make the work of moving
things easier. You would need less energy and force to move objects
with an inclined plane.
10. The Inclined PlaneExamples of Inclined Planes:RampSlanted
RoadPath up a HillSlide
11. The ScrewA screw is a simple machine that is made from
another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds
around itself.A screw has ridges and is not smooth like a nail.
Some screws are used to lower and raise things. They are also used
to hold objects together.
12. The ScrewExamples of the screw:Jar LidsLight
BulbsStoolsClampsJacksWrenchesKey RingsSpiral Staircase
13. LeverA lever is a board or bar that rests on a turning
point. This turning point is called the fulcrum.An object that a
lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the
fulcrum, the easier it is to move.
14. LeverExamples of the lever:A hammer is a lever when it is
used to pull a nail out of a piece of wood.Bottle openersCrow
bars
15. PulleyThis simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope.
The rope fits on the groove of the wheel.One part of the rope is
attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the
wheel turns and the load will move.Pulleys let you move loads up,
down, or sideways. Pulleys are good for moving objects to hard to
reach places. It also makes the work of moving heavy loads a lot
easier.
16. PulleyExamples of where pulleys can be used: Flag Poles
Clothes Lines Sailboat Blinds Crane
17. Wheel and AxleYou have probably seen a wheel and axle on a
car. The axle turns when you put force on the wheel.The axle is a
rod that goes through the wheel. This lets the wheel turn. It is
easy to move things from place to place with wheels and axles.
18. Wheel and AxleExamples of Wheels and Axles:CarsRoller
SkatesWagonsDoor KnobsGears in Watches, Clocks, and Bicycles
19. WedgeA wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects
apart. A wedge is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet
and form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart.
20. WedgeExamples of wedges:KnivesAxesForksNails
21. ResourcesSimple Machine QuizInventorsToolbox: The Elements
of MachinesSimple Machine Learning SiteSimple Machines
22. Exit Slip: WritingAssignmentChoose one of the simple
machines.Write a paragraph describing it and giving examples.
23. Just Do ItMs. Moye tells you that she would like a 3 page
reading report in her class, and it is due in 3 weeks. Mr. Hilton
tells you he also wants a 3 page reading report for his class, but
it is due tomorrow. Which assignment is easier to complete? Why?
Bonus: What is the definition of a simple machine?
24. ReviewWhat are the 6 types of simple machines?Can you name
at least one example of each?
25. Simple machines make work easier byspreading it out!
26. The PulleyCopy the following words and leave several lines
in your binder to take notes on these words. Fixed Pulley: Moveable
Pulley: Block and Tackle:
27. Three Types of Pulleys Fixed pulley: a pulley that is
attached to a load. It only changes the direction of the effort
Moveable pulley: a pulley that moves with the object being moved.
The effort required to lift the load is cut in half. Block and
Tackle: a combination of pulleys
28. What kind of Pulley?
29. What kind of Pulley?
30. What kind of Pulley?
31. The Lever Draw the following image: As the video plays,
label your picture with these words: fulcrum, effort force, load,
resistance arm, effort arm
32. Where is the Fulcrum?
33. Where is the Effort?
34. Where is the Fulcrum?
35. Where is the Resistance Arm?
36. The Inclined Plane Inclined planes make it easier to
_______________ _________________________________________
_________________________________________ ___________________. The
best way to get a bicycle up a steep hill is to
_____________________________.
37. The Inclined Plane Inclined planes make it easier to Get up
a mountain Clear housetops of snow and rain The best way to get a
bicycle up a steep hill is to ______________________________.
38. Where are the Inclined Planes?
39. Where arethe InclinedPlanes?
40. What did youLEARN?Number your paper 1-8
41. What Is It?
42. What Is It?
43. What Is It?
44. What Is It?
45. What Is It?
46. What Is It?
47. What Is It?
48. What Is It?
49. Just DO ItChoose a simple machines.Write a paragraph
describing it and giving examples.BONUS: Illustrate your
paragraph!
50. Vocabulary A _________ is a grooved -----_______ with a
rope running along the groove. ___________ _____________ is the
force required to lift an object A ______________ ____________ is
used to measure the force of gravity on an object.
51. Key Ideas Pulleys can change the __________ and ________ of
the force required to lift an object. What kind of pulley(s)
changes only the direction of the force required?
_____________________________________ What kind of pulley(s)
changes the direction and amount of force required?
_____________________________________
52. Moveable pulleys are used to reduce __________ force. When
the distance the effort force covers is ________________ relative
to the distance the weight moves, effort force required to lift an
object can be _______________.
53. HypothesisWhich pulley system(s) do you think will reduce
the force required to do work?
54. Data and AnalysisPulley System Weight of Object Force
Required Force Lifted (g) to Lift Object (N) Required to Lift
Object with the PULLEYFixed PulleyMoveable PulleyBlock and
Tackle
55. Answer Questions
56. Pulley Distance Traveled Distance TraveledSystem by Effort
Force by Object LiftedFixed PulleyMoveablePulleyBlock
andTackle
57. Answer Questions
58. Exit Slip If you were told to make a flagpole using a
pulley system to raise the flag, what type of pulley would you
install? Why? Explain in four sentences or more how force,
distance, and pulleys are related.
59. Inclined Planes
60. Just DO It! List the 6 simple machines. Give one example of
each.
61. An ____________________ _______________ is a sloping
surface, like a ramp, that reduces the amount of force required to
lift an object.
62. A ___________________ ___________________ is used to
measure the force of gravity on an object.
63. An inclined plane can reduce the force needed to lift an
object in two ways: Increase the ___________ of the ______________
OR Decrease the ____________ of the _____________
64. Object Force Distance Force Distance Required to object
required to object Lift straight traveled lift with an traveled up
with lift inclined with straight up plane inclined planea.b.c.
65. Questions
66. Just Do ItIn at least three sentences, explain why
thismountain road might not go straight up themountain. Include key
words: work, force, distance,inclined plane BONUS: Draw a lever and
label all its parts!
67. Agenda Just Do It: 5 Key Ideas about Levers: 5 Lever
Demonstration and Questions: 11 Practice with Lever Questions: 5
Science Fair Work: 25 Conclusion: 4
68. Standard6-5.7 Explain how the design of simple machines
(including levers, pulleys, and inclined planes) helps reduce the
amount of force required to do work
69. LeversA ___________________ is a rigid bar or board that is
free to move around a fixed point called a ________________.
70. A lever can be designed to reduce force required to lift an
object in two ways: By ______________________ the distance from the
____________ to the point where the effort force is applied By
_____________________ the distance the ____________ is from the
fulcrum
71. Is it easier to lift the box of books when the fulcrum is
in the center of the board, or when the fulcrum is at the end of
the board closest to the box? Is it easier to lift the box of books
when you apply a force on the effort arm near the fulcrum, or far
away from the fulcrum? Name one way you couldchange this lever to
reducethe effort force required to liftthe load.
72. Final Key PointBy increasing the distance the effort force
moves relative to the distance the weight moves, a lever can reduce
the effort force needed to lift an object.
73. How are we doing? Name two ways this young lady could
reduce the force required to lift this heavy box. Illustrate one
way in your notes!
74. Its Science Fair Time! Overview of Project Question: 2
minutes Review of Vocabulary: 5 minutes Hypothesis: 4 minutes
Materials: 4 minutes Procedure: 10 minutes
75. QuestionHow does the mass of an object affect the force
required to lift that object up an inclined plane? How can we test
this question???
76. HypothesisWhat do you think the answer to our question is?
Make an educated guess! How does the mass of an object affect the
force required to lift that object up an inclined plane?
77. Materials What will we need to conduct this experiment?
Take note of materials Ms. Brown provides to you
78. Procedure Write every step! Think about our peanut butter
and jelly demonstration from the beginning of the year Use complete
sentences. Use your best grammar and spelling Staple an additional
sheet onto this sheet if necessary.
79. Results How will you organize your data? Make one table or
chart that we could use to organize all of the data.
80. Conclusion:Was our hypothesis correct? What did we learn?
Why does this matter in real life?
81. Just Do It Use complete sentences to tell me about your
Christmas break! Include and underline at least 10 key vocabulary
words weve studied this year. Example: Over break, I observed 12
inches of precipitation (snow) in my backyard! The snow came from
low-hanging stratus clouds.
82. Agenda Just Do It: 9 minutes Review of Simple Machines: 12
minutes Science Fair Projects: Review and Conclusion 25 minutes
Wrap Up:
83. Review: Simple Machines Speed Review: 1 minute per machine
Write the name of the simple machine Write one key point about that
machine Time-Permitting, draw an example
84. The Inclined PlaneAn inclined plane is a flat surface that
is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to
a lower or higher place.Inclined planes make the work of moving
things easier. You would need less energy and force to move objects
with an inclined plane.
85. The Inclined PlaneExamples of Inclined Planes:RampSlanted
RoadPath up a HillSlide
86. The ScrewA screw is a simple machine that is made from
another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds
around itself.A screw has ridges and is not smooth like a nail.
Some screws are used to lower and raise things. They are also used
to hold objects together.
87. The ScrewExamples of the screw:Jar LidsLight
BulbsStoolsClampsJacksWrenchesKey RingsSpiral Staircase
88. LeverA lever is a board or bar that rests on a turning
point. This turning point is called the fulcrum.An object that a
lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the
fulcrum, the easier it is to move.
89. LeverExamples of the lever:A hammer is a lever when it is
used to pull a nail out of a piece of wood.Bottle openersCrow
bars
90. PulleyThis simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope.
The rope fits on the groove of the wheel.One part of the rope is
attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the
wheel turns and the load will move.Pulleys let you move loads up,
down, or sideways. Pulleys are good for moving objects to hard to
reach places. It also makes the work of moving heavy loads a lot
easier.
91. PulleyExamples of where pulleys can be used: Flag Poles
Clothes Lines Sailboat Blinds Crane
92. Wheel and AxleYou have probably seen a wheel and axle on a
car. The axle turns when you put force on the wheel.The axle is a
rod that goes through the wheel. This lets the wheel turn. It is
easy to move things from place to place with wheels and axles.
93. Wheel and AxleExamples of Wheels and Axles:CarsRoller
SkatesWagonsDoor KnobsGears in Watches, Clocks, and Bicycles
94. WedgeA wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects
apart. A wedge is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet
and form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart.
95. WedgeExamples of wedges:KnivesAxesForksNails
96. Science Fair Projects:Review and Conclusion
97. In conclusion, I found that my hypothesis was
_____________. I predicted that _________________________________
_______________, and my results show
________________________________. I learned
_________________________ ______________. This could be helpful
because _________________________.
98. Exit Ticket Make a T-chart. Label the left side I get it
and the right side I need a Review. Put each of the following in
its appropriate column: Heat, solar, chemical, and mechanical, and
electrical energy Energy transformations Potential and kinetic
energy The Law of Conservation of Energy Electromagnets,
Generators, and Motors Energy Transformations Heat Transfer Work,
force, and motion Simple Machines
99. Just Do ItPick three topics from the list below which you
would like toreview before our final and cumulative TEST next week.
Heat, solar, chemical, and mechanical, and electrical energy Energy
transformations Potential and kinetic energy The Law of
Conservation of Energy Electromagnets, Generators, and Motors Heat
Transfer Work, force, and motion Simple Machines
100. Science Fair Projects! Guidelines for Group Work:
Following directions wins Positive team work wins Going above and
beyond wins The winning-est team will receive a team PRIZE! The
best class work will be compiled and used for our class poster
101. Conclusion: Test REVIEW Draw one example of each kind of
energy listed below: Heat Solar Chemical Mechanical Electrical
BONUS: Illustrate one way electrical energy is transformed to heat
energy (A toaster, is one example. You find another example!)
102. Just Do It List as many everyday tools or objects that are
made up of simple machines as you can think of. Here are some ideas
to get you started: Door Stopper (inclined plane) Knife (wedge)
Scissors (lever, wedge) Lightbulb (screw) Crane (pulley)
103. Complex MachinesA Complex Machine is made up of 2 or more
simple machines.
104. Agenda Just Do It: 5 minutes Complex Machines: 20 minutes
Illustration of Complex Machines: 10 minutes Review for Exam: 15
minutes Conclusion: 5 minutes
105. What Simple Machines Make Upthis Can Opener?
106. What Simple Machines Make Upthis corkscrew?
107. What Simple Machines Make Upthis Clamp?
108. Can you think of anotherComplex Machine?
109. Object Simple or Labeled Sketch Complex?Door StopperJar
LidScissorsJawboneWheelbarrow
110. Your Mission1. Draw a complex Machine.2. Label the complex
machine.3. Label the simple machines that make it up.4. Define the
simple machines that make it up.5. Lastly, color the picture.
111. Exam Review: Types of Energy Heat, solar, chemical, and
mechanical, and electrical energy Energy transformations
112. Exam Review 6-5.1 Identify the sources and properties of
heat, solar, chemical, mechanical, and electrical energy.