SC300Unit Five

Emily Bradshaw, Ph.D.

Agenda

1. Menopause- History- Symptoms- Treatments

a) Lifestyle changes

b) Prescription

c) Nonprescription

2. Soy

3. Smoking

4. Q&A

Seminar Preparation• Please remember that the “pre-seminar” assignment should

be done before we meet for the seminar• For example tonight you should have prepared the following:• Come to Seminar prepared to discuss the case of your second cousin Tilly, a 53-

year-old woman who comes to you concerned about menopause.- What treatments exist for menopause and how safe and effective are they? - What are some of the drawbacks to these treatments? - If Tilly has been a smoker all her life, how might this alter her transition through menopause?

- Do some research on your own to learn about why, among Japanese women, hot flashes are very rare. Why do you think this might be the case?

History

“Menopause is not a dangerous time or experience for the majority of women, any more than puberty is….”

~Dr. Andrew F. Currier, 1897

“…a large proportion of women go through menopause with scarcely a ripple and need no medical treatment

whatsoever.” ~Dr. Emil Novak, 1922

Symptoms and evaluation

• Episodes of sweating or hot flushes• Heart discomfort• Sleep problems

• Depressive mood, irritability, or anxiety• Physical or mental exhaustion

• Sexual problems• Bladder problems

• Dryness of vagina, skin, or hair• Joint or muscular discomfort

Treatments: lifestyle changes

Image credit: Microsoft Clip Art

Treatments: prescriptionPro Con

Hormone therapy (local or systemic): estrogen, progestogen, or combinations

Decrease hot flashesRelieve vaginal dryness Relieve some urinary symptomsPrevent osteoporosis

Increased risk of developing breast and uterine cancers; heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolism; and dementia

Low-dose antidepressants Decrease hot flashesRelieve some mood symptoms

Side effects may include sexual dysfunction, anxiety, headache, nausea, insomnia or drowsiness, dry mouth, decreased appetite, or constipation

Anti-seizure medications Decrease hot flashes Side effects may include fatigue, dizziness, rash, heart palpitations, swelling, and drowsiness, but generally decrease over time (weeks)

Anti-hypertensive (blood pressure) medications

Decrease hot flashes Unpleasant side effects including dry mouth, drowsiness, or insomnia are common

Bisphosphenates Prevent or treat osteoporosis Side effects may include damage to the esophagus and muscle pain; long-term use can lead to brittle bones (quantity over quality)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Prevent or treat osteoporosis Increased risk of blood clots, hot flashes, nausea, and leg cramps

Treatments: nonprescriptionPro Con

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa, Remifemin)

Decrease hot flashesRelieve some mood symptomsRelieve vaginal drynessReduce sleep disturbances

Increased risk of liver problems

Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis) Decrease hot flashesRelieve some mood symptomsRelieve vaginal dryness

Increased risk of bleeding complications

Ginseng or Ginkgo (Panax ginseng or Panax quinquefolius)

Relieve some mood symptomsReduce sleep disturbances

Appears to be nontoxic, both in the short- and long-term, except in highly excessive doses

Chaste Berry (Vitex agnus castus)

Decrease hot flashesRelieve some mood symptoms

Appears to be nontoxic, both in the short- and long-term, except in highly excessive doses.

Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata)

Relieve some mood symptomsReduce sleep disturbances

Appears to be nontoxic, both in the short- and long-term, except in highly excessive doses.

Smoking

Image credit: Microsoft Clip Art

Soy

DB for Unit Four – The Vote Results

AND THE WINNER IS...

With 18 total students voting, the winner is... SOLAR!

Solar received 14 votesBiomass received 2 votes

Geothermal received 1 vote

Wind received 1 votes

Unit Five

• Unit Five has a lab-simulation-Do the simulation and keep track of your results

-Take the quiz

Discussion Board – Unit Five

• Please note there are five parts to the Discussion question in Unit Five. It’s all one thread but five questions to consider. Make sure your posts address the complete assignment…not just one or two of the questions for consideration.

Discussion Board - ContentDiscussion Questions provide a forum for students to ask questions and answer

important questions about the course material. The Discussion Questions also allow students to receive feedback from the instructor and other students in the class. A Discussion Question grade will be posted to the grade sheet for each Unit.

Content:

1. Answer the discussion question(s) completely

2. Responses must make some informed reference(s) to the lesson material (properly cited and referenced, of course)

3. Writing is clear with only minor mistakes in grammar, style, or punctuation that do not affect readability

4. Be polite and respectful. No yelling…please.

Discussion Board - Participation

1. Contribute meaningfully (substantially) on at least three days

2. Respond to at least two other people, in addition to answering the discussion question(s) completely

3. Responses must advance the discussion (If you wait to participate on the last day of the week, there is no way to advance the discussion as it is over!)

Image credits: Microsoft Clip Art