Date post: | 30-Sep-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | nguyen-ngoc-cuong |
View: | 93 times |
Download: | 11 times |
*
Purpose:
To establish the minimum safety-related technical requirements for temporary elevated work areas, ladders, and scaffolds.
*
I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY
SILL (SOLE BOARD)
BASE PLATE
RUNNER (LEDGER)
STANDARD
TOEBOARD
FALSE UPRIGHT
DROP BAR
MID RAIL
TOP RAIL
SCAFFOLD PLANKS
BEARER (TRANSOM)
LONGITUDINAL BRACING
SWIVEL COUPLER
FIXED COUPLER (90)
TRANSVERSE BRACING
BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)
LADDER CLAMP
0.95m 1.15 m
(38-45)
36 min.
6"
*
I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY
SILLS (SOLE BOARDS)
BEARERS (TRANSOMS)
BIOARD BEARER (INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
RUNNERS (LEDGERS)
BASE PLATES
BASE LIFT (KICKER LIFT)
RUNNERS & BEARERS INSTALLED INSIDE POSTS TYP.
BAY LENGTH
*
I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY
POST
(STANDARD)
RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)
BAY LENGTH
SCAFFOLD WIDTH
BASE LIFT
(Foot Tie or Kicker Lift)
LIFT HEIGHT
6
BAY
*
II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FALL PROTECTIONEach person who could fall more than 1.8 m. (6 ft.) shall be protected from falling by means of guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems.GUARDRAIL SYSTEMSGuardrail system shall be able to withstand a force of at least 90kg. (200 lbs.) It consists:false upright (puncheon)
self closing drop bar
Toprails - top edge height of toprails shall not be less than 0.95 m. (38 ) and not more than 1.15 m. (45) above the walking/working surface of a platform.Midrails installed approximately halfway between the walking/working surface and toprail.Toeboards shall have no more than 6 mm. (1/4) gap above the working surface and should withstand a force of at least 23 kg (50 lbs).Uprights shall not be spaced more than 2.7 m. (9 ft.) apart.toprails
midrails
toeboards
*
PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMSFull body harnesses, lanyards, lifelines or overhead structural anchorage, and other components of personal fall arrest system shall have a capacity of at least 2,300 kgs. (5,000 lbs.).Lanyards shall have a maximum length of 1.8 m. (6 ft.) thus it shall be anchored high enough to prevent the worker from free falling more than 6 feet (1.8m.) or striking any lower level should a fall occur.Horizontal and vertical lifelines shall be made from 10 mm. (3/8) min. diameter wire rope. Horizontal lifelines shall be maintained with a sag at the center of no greater than 300mm.. (12) for every 10 m. (33 ft.) of lifeline length between attachments.II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FALLING OBJECT PROTECTIONToeboards shall be installed on all edges of elevated work areas more than 1.8 m. (6 ft.) above lower levels. It shall conform the ffg. requirements:Minimum dimension of 100 mm. (4) in height and 25 mm. (1) thick.No more than 6 mm. (1/4) above the working surface.Should withstand a force of at least 23 kg. (50 lbs.)When there is a danger for objects falling through guardrails a protective screen (minimum No. 18 gauge wire with a maximum 13 mm. mesh) shall be securely fixed to the toeboard, midrail and guardrail.*
ENTRY AND EXITA safe means of access shall be provided whenever the scaffold platform is 0.6 m (2 feet) above or below a point of access.If horizontal travel distance exceeds 15 m (50 feet) each elevated work area shall have at least 2 means of exit. A means of exit shall be provided at least every 30 m (100 feet).Minimum clear headroom above scaffold platforms shall be 1.8 meters (6 feet).TEMPORARY STAIRWAYSII. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
PARTS OF STAIRWAYREQUIREMENTSLANDINGAt least 560 mm. (22) wide & 760 mm. (30) long.Shall have landing not more than every 3.7 m. (12) of vertical distance.RISER150 mm. (6) to 215 mm. (8) depth.Shall be uniform with each flight of stairs.TREAD220 mm. (9) to 280 mm. (11) wide.STAIR SLOPEBetween 30 to 35 degreesHANDRAIL860 mm. (34) to 940 mm. (37) in height.80 mm. (3) clearance between wall or other object.Can withstand a force of at least 90 kg. (200 lbs.)*
TEMPORARY RAMPSShall not be inclined more than a ratio of 1 : 3 or 20 above the horizontal although a slope not over 15 is preferred.If steeper than ratio 1 : 4 the ramp shall have cleats no more than 350 mm (14) apart.HIGH WINDSPersonnel shall not be on any scaffold or other temporary elevated work area during storms or high winds sustained winds more than 65 kph (40 mph).WORK OVER WATERPersonnel working over water shall have floatation ring provided at intervals not greater than 15 meters (50 feet) and a man watch shall also be provided.LADDERSA slope of 4:1, side rails rigidly attached to supporting structure (top, middle, bottom).Rungs uniformly spaced between 250 mm (10) and 360 mm (14) although 300 mm (12 inches) is preferred.Shall have a minimum clear distance of 760 mm (30) to the nearest protruding object on the climbing side. This distance maybe reduced to 610 mm (24 inches) if deflector plates are provided.Distance on the climbing side to the nearest object on the back side of the ladder shall be no less than 250 mm (10 inches). When unavoidable a minimum vertical toe clearance of 100 mm. (4) shall apply.II. ELEVATED WORK AREAS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
*
GENERALScaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers should not be intermixed unless the components are compatible and the scaffolds structural integrity is maintained.All defective scaffold component s shall be marked with bright fluorescent orange paint and immediately removed from Saudi Aramco property or project site.III. SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS
( Scaffold tubing, 48.30 mm [1.90 inch] nominal outside diameter )
SCAFFOLD TUBING AND FITTINGS SPECIFICATIONSTypeGradeMin. Yield Stress (Sy)Nominal Wall Thickness ASTM A500B290 N/mm42 ksi30 Kg/mm3.40 mm3.76 mmASTM A53B240 N/mm35 ksi24 Kg/mm3.68 mmBS 1139Part 1, Sec. 1.1235 N/mm34 ksi24 Kg/mm4.00 mmEN 10129-320 N/mm46 ksi32 Kg/mm3.20 mm*
Safe Working Load of Individual Coupler
III. SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS
SCAFFOLD TUBING AND FITTINGS SPECIFICATIONSType of couplerType of loadMin. EN 74 classSWL(Min.)Right angle coupler, (Double or load bearing)Slip along tubeA6.25 KN1,400 lbs.Adjustable coupler, (Swivel)Slip along tubeA5.3 KN1,190 lbs.End-end coupler(Sleeve)TensionB3.0 KN6.75 lbs.BendingB0.59 KN-m435 lbs-ft.Bearer coupler(Putlog / Single)Force to pull the tube axially out of the coupler-0.53 KN120 lbs.Girder coupler(Drop forged)Shear-30 KN6,740 lbs.(per pair)*
PLATFORM UNITSScaffold planks shall not be used as concrete forms, trench shoring, or as sills for scaffolds.III. SCAFFOLDING COMPONENTS
Wood PlankDimensionsCertified / Approved byRequirementsSolid Sawn Wood2x10 inch (nom)West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB)American Lumber Standards CommitteeShall be certified and bear a grade stampFree from defectsSplits 25mm (1) max. w/o banding300mm (1)max. w/ bandingTwist 13mm (1/2) max. end to endShall not be painted treated or coated (except at the ends)Shall be properly stacked. If height stack exceeds 20 planks, succeeding layers should be tied or bond.Shall not stood on end unattended2x9 inch (rough)38x25mm or 50x225 mm (basic)Laminated Veneer Lumber38mm (1-1/2) by 225mm (9) wide or largerShall have the word PROOF TESTED SCAFFOLD PLANK and OSHA or Saudi Aramco accepted equivalent, continuously embossed on both edges.*
IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
CAPACITYEvery scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight (dead load) and at least four (4) times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it (D + 4*L).Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their load rating.The maximum allowable span for planks/platforms shall be the shortest span required to support, without failure, the platform units own weight and at least four times the most critical maximum intended load as shown.The maximum deflection for platform units shall not exceed 1/60th of the span length when supporting any of the unfactored concentrated or uniformly distributed concentrated loads.110 kg (250 lbs.)
One Man
Two Man
110 kg (250 lbs.)
110 kg (250 lbs.)
(250 lbs.)
(250 lbs.)
Three Man
(250 lbs.)
Concentrated Load Cases for Platform Units
*
FOUNDATIONSFoundations shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the scaffold self-weight plus the maximum intended load without settling or displacement.Scaffolds shall not be hung from or supported by guardrails or handrails.IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
ComponentsRequirementsTimber Sills(sole boards)At least 225 mm. (9) wide by 38 mm. (1-1/2) thickShall extend under at least two posts (standard), if not applicable sills under individual posts shall be at least 765 mm. (30) longSteel Base PlatesAt least 150 x 150mm. & 6mm. thick (6 x 6 inches & 1/4 inch thick)For special scaffolds base shall be designedScrew JacksShall not be adjusted to more than two-thirds (2/3) of the total length of the threaded section*
STABILITYScaffold posts and frames shall be vertically plumb and vertically braced in both directions.Supported scaffolds with a height to the uppermost planked level that is over four times the minimum base dimension (over a 4:1height-to-width ratio) shall be restrained from tipping by ties, guys, outrigger frames, or equivalent means.Ties and guys shall be installed as follows:IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
TIE TUBES COUPLED TO TWO POSTS (STANDARDS)
TIE TUBE
REVEAL TUBE
RIGHT-ANGLECOUPLERS
TIE TUBES COUPLED TO TWO RUNNERS (LEDGERS)
BOX TIE
BOX TIES
REVEAL TIES(MAXIMUM 50% OF TOTAL TIES)
SCAFFOLD TIES
REVEAL TUBE
PLAN VIEW OF REVEAL TIES
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE) COUPLERS (TYP.)
REVEAL PIN
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
TIMBER PACKING
TIE TUBES TO SCAFFOLD
*
STABILITYTies and guys shall be installed as follows:IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
Ties or guys shall be spaced vertically every 8 m. (26)(4 lifts) or less.Ties or guys shall be installed on both ends of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 9 m. (30) measured from one end toward the other.PLAN VIEW OF COLUMN BOX TIE
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE) COUPLERS (TYP.)
TIE TUBES TO SCAFFOLD
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE) COUPLERS (TYP.)
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
TIMBER PACKING
TIE TUBES TO SCAFFOLD
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
PLAN VIEW OF TWO-WAY TIES
*
CROSS TUBE
STABILITYIV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
45APPROX.
1.25 mAPPROX.
GROUND LEVEL
ONLY ONE ADDITIONAL LIFT ALLOWED ABOVE RAKER TIE-IN POINT
RAKER TIE-IN POINT
SINGLE RAKER TUBE 6.4m (21ft.)MAX. LENGTH (NO SPLICES)
LONGITUDINALSTRUT TUBE
BASE PLATE
SOLE BOARD
DETAIL
SHORT BUTTTUBE
ALTERNATIVE ONHARD GROUND
BASE PLATE
HORIZONTAL TIETUBES (REQUIRED)
RAKER
*
SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND USEIf the front edge of a working platform is less than 360 mm. (14) from the face of the wall or structure, guardrails do not need to be erected from that edge.For medium-duty and more heavily loaded scaffolds, at least one board bearer (intermediate transom) shall be used in every bay at each platform level.Planks should be secured on both ends by using fiber rope/wire lashing, clamped toe boards or other equivalent means. Planks & toeboards should not be nailed.The slope of platform units shall not exceed 1 vertical to 4 horizontal.Scaffold platforms, landings, and walkways should be at least 675 mm. (27) (3planks) wide, including during erection, dismantling and alteration.Scaffold materials shall not be thrown or dropped from heights.IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
*
SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND USEGaps between platform units shall be less than 25 mm. (1) wide. When larger gaps are unavoidable, they shall be covered as follows:Gaps less than 600 mm. (2) in width shall be covered at least 20 mm. (1) thick, exterior grade plywood. Plywood covering shall be overlapped with at least the width of the gap, 12 min., on both sides of the opening and held with cleats.Gaps larger than 600 mm. (2) in width shall be covered with properly secured cross planks.Safe landings shall be provided at the top of all ladders and at least every 9m. (30) of ladder height.If an internal ladder is used, opening shall be at least 675mm. (27) (3 planks) wide & not less than 900mm (36) deep.If an external ladder is used, step-through opening width on guardrails shall not be less than 675 mm. (27) or more than 760 mm. (30).The slope of scaffold platform units shall not exceed 1 vertical to 4 horizontal.IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
*
SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND USEIV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
1.5 m(5 ft.) MAX.
VARIES
38 mm.(1.5") THK.
POSTS (STANDARD)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
RUNNER (LEDGER)
BOARD BEARER (INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
SUPPORT SPACING FOR PLANKS38mm (1-") THICK
2.4 m(8 ft.) MAX.
VARIES
50 mm.(2") THK.
POSTS (STANDARD)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
RUNNER (LEDGER)
BOARD BEARER (INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
SUPPORT SPACING FOR PLANKS50mm (2") THICK
BEARER(TRANSOM)
OVERLAP
OVERHANG
BOARD BEARER(INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
POST(STANDARD)
150 mm. (6") MIN. (UNLESS CLEATED)300 mm. (12") MAX.
300 mm.(12") MIN.
RUNNER(LEDGER)
*
CLEARANCESScaffold operations adjacent to overhead power lines are prohibited unless one of the following conditions are satisfied:The power line has been de-energized, relocated, or protective coverings installed to prevent accidental contact with the lines. It should be lockout/tagut.Satisfies clearance between scaffold and power lines.CLEARANCES BETWEEN SCAFFOLDS AND POWER LINES:
Alternative: 2x the length of the line insulator but never less than 3 meter (10 feet).
Bases of scaffold shall be at least 1.5 times the depth of excavation away from the edges of the excavations (including trenches).IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
InsulatedMinimum DistanceUninsulatedLess than 300 Volts.1 meter (3 feet)- - - - -300 Volts to 50 Kv.3 meters (10 feet)Less than 50 Kv.More than 50 Kv.3 meters (10 feet) + 4 inches per Kv over 50 Kv.More than 50 Kv.*
RAISING AND LOWERING MATERIALS USING GIN WHEELSThe gin wheel shall be mounted on a cantilevered horizontal tube projecting outward from the scaffold and shall be kept to a minimum distance, not greater than 750 mm. (30). Tube shall be fixed with right-angle couplers to two scaffold post (standard).Materials to be raised shall not exceed 50 kg. (110 lbs.), the rope shall be of the correct size to suit the gin wheel, usually 18-mm. (3/4).IV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS
750mm. (30")MAX.
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)COUPLERS
STANDARDS
RING TYPE GIN WHEEL (PREFERED)
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)COUPLERS
STANDARDS
750mm. (30")MAX.
MOUSING
HOOK TYPE GIN WHEEL
*
V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
PLANKING
(BOARDS)
GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
INCLUDING TOEBOARDS
TOEBOARD
CLIPS
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
POST
(STANDARD)
SILL
LONGITUDINAL
(FAADE) BRACING
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE) COUPLER
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLER
TRANSVERSE CROSS (X) BRACING
1/4 THK. (Min.) BASE PLATE
150 mm.
(6) Min.
150 mm.
(6) Min.
TYPICAL TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD*
HORIZONTAL MEMBERSNo lift height shall exceed 2m.V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
SCAFFOLD LIFTS
6"
*
HORIZONTAL MEMBERSBearers (transoms) and board bearers (intermediate transom) shall be installed on top of and not underneath supporting runners.Every line of posts (standards) shall have runners (ledgers) installed horizontally in continuous lengths along the entire scaffold length (longitudinally) and bearers (transoms) installed in continuous lengths across the entire scaffold width (transversely), at each lift.V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
BEARER(TRANSOM)
RUNNER(LEDGER)[UNDERNEATH BEARER]
*
HORIZONTAL MEMBERSBridging of scaffolds shall be as conceptually as follows:V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
TYPICAL BRIDGING FOR 2 BAYSLIGHT-DUTY SCAFFOLD
BRACING TO OUTER ANDINNER POST (STANDARD) LINES
MAXIMUM 2 BAYS
*
HORIZONTAL MEMBERSBridging of scaffoldsV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
IN CERTAIN CASES, CHECK COUPLERS AND DOUBLE POST (STANDARDS) MAY BE REQUIRED BRACING AND LADDER BEAMS TO OUTER AND INNER POST (STANDARD) LINES
LADDERBEAM
TYPICAL BRIDGING FOR 2 BAYSMEDIUM-DUTY SCAFFOLD
MAXIMUM 2 BAYS
*
HORIZONTAL MEMBERSBridging of scaffoldsV. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
LATTICE /UNIT BEAM
IN CERTAIN CASES, CHECK COUPLERS AND DOUBLE POST (STANDARDS) MAY BE REQUIRED BRACING AND LATTICE / UNIT BEAMS TO OUTER AND INNER POST (STANDARD) LINES
TYPICAL BRIDGING FOR 2 BAYSHEAVY-DUTY SCAFFOLD
MAXIMUM 2 BAYS
*
BracingVertical bracing to prevent excessive sway is necessary in both the transverse and longitudinal direction of all system and tube & coupler scaffolds for the full height of the scaffold.Transverse (sectional) braces shall be connected to either posts (standards) or runners (ledgers) as close as possible to the intersection (node point) of the bearer (transom) and post (standard).Longitudinal (faade) braces shall be connected to posts (standards) as close as possible to the intersection (node point) of the runner (ledger) and post (standard).V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
35o-55o
(TYP.)
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4th LIFT
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
MAX. 3OPEN BAYS
RUNNER (LEDGER)
POST (STANDARD)
LONGITUDINAL (FAADE) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
35o-55o
(TYP.)
BRACING REPEATED EVERY 5th POST (STANDARD)
*
BracingBrace ends may be joined together with end-to-end (sleeve) couplers. Alternatively, for braces subject to large tension loads, shall be overlapped & joined with at least two adjustable (swivel) couplers,V. REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO SYSTEM AND TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
100 mm.
(4")Min.
300mm. (12") Min.
OVERLAP
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL)COUPLERS
DIAGONAL BRACE
DIAGONAL BRACE
BRACE SPLICE
POST(STANDARD)
RUNNER(LEDGER)
300 mm (12")Max. (typ.)
NODE POINT(TYP.)
BEARER(TRANSOM)
300 mm (12")Max. (typ.)
ADJUSTABLE(SWIVEL) COUPLER
BRACE CONNECTION
*
VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS
System ScaffoldsAll system scaffolds shall be erected per manufacturers published instructionsTYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD BASE IN THE PROCESS OF BEING ASSEMBLED AND LEVELED
TYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD BEING ASSEMBLED
SYSTEM SCAFFOLD ERECTION
*
System ScaffoldsUnless otherwise specified in manufactures instruction, all system scaffold shall be vertically braced in both directions with diagonal braces (as close to 45 as possible) to its full height for each 10 m. (33) of run.Components from different scaffold manufacturers shall not be intermixed (except when needed in bracing).Where specially designed system bracing cannot be used, tube & coupler scaffold components may be used for bracing of system scaffolds.Connections shall be tightened with a single hammer blow to the wedge or cup to provide high degree of rigidity.Shall be connected by means of one of the following fastening methods:VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS
Captive wedge system (such as Saudi Scaffolding Factory (Kwikstage)Quick-fix system (such as Layher All-around)Cup locking system (such as SGB Cuplock)System scaffold components shall not be used to construct underhung scaffolds.*
System ScaffoldsThe locking-pin type of system scaffold shall not be used.Posts (standards) shall be connected by bolted spigots and shall be secured into place using two spigot pins for situations where uplift may occur. The upper post (standard) shall slide over the spigot.VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS
LOCKING-PIN TYPE OF SYSTEM SCAFFOLD(PROHIBITED)
UPPER POST SPIGOT(STANDARD)
SPIGOT
SPIGOT PIN
LOWER POST(STANDARD)
BOLTED SPIGOT
*
System ScaffoldsUnless otherwise justified and stated in writing by the system scaffold manufacturer, the maximum number of working levels and total planked levels shall be as follows:LIGHT DUTY
MEDIUM DUTY
VI. SYSTEM SCAFFOLDS
Maximum Numberof Working LevelsMax. Total Number Planked/Platformed LevelsMaximum Scaffold Height1938 m. (125 ft.)2638 m. (125 ft.)3328 m. (91 ft.)Maximum Number of Working LevelsMax. Total NumberPlanked/PlatformedLevelsMaximum ScaffoldHeight1738 m. (125 ft.)2224 m. (78 ft.)*
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
PLANKING
(BOARDS)
GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
INCLUDING TOEBOARDS
TOEBOARD
CLIPS
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
POST
(STANDARD)
SILL
LONGITUDINAL
(FAADE) BRACING
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE) COUPLER
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLER
TRANSVERSE CROSS (X) BRACING
1/4 THK. (Min.) BASE PLATE
150 mm.
(6) Min.
150 mm.
(6) Min.
TYPICAL TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
*
POSTSJoint pins or, preferably, end-to-end (sleeve) couplers shall be used for joints in post (standards). However, joint pins are only designed for compression load. End-to-end couplers shall be used where tension (uplift) can be present in a posts (standard) or other scaffold tube.Joints in posts (standards) shall be staggered. Joints in adjacent posts shall not occur in the same lift height.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
*
RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)Runners (ledgers) and bearers (transoms) shall be securely fixed to the inside of each posts. (standard).When bearers (transoms) and board bearers (intermediate transoms) are coupled to runners (ledgers) they shall always be installed on top of the supporting runnersBearers (transoms), including board bearers, shall extend at least 100 mm. (4) beyond the runner centerline.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
[on top of ledger]
[on top of ledger]
SILLS (SOLE
BOARDS)
BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)
BIOARD BEARER
(INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
POST
(STANDARD)
RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BASE PLATES
BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)
RUNNERS &
BEARERS
INSTALLED
INSIDE POSTS
TYP.
BAY LENGTH
AT LEAST 100mm. (4")
AT LEAST 100mm. (4")
*
RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)Runners (ledgers) shall be connected to posts (standards) only with right-angle (load bearing) couplers.When bearers (transoms) are coupled to posts (standards), the bearer shall be connected to the posts only with right-angle (load bearing) couplers and the coupler shall rest directly on the runners (ledgers) right-angle couplers.When a bearer (transom) is coupled to a supporting runner (ledger), the coupler shall never be more than 300 mm. (12) apart from the post.At lifts to be planked, right-angle couplers should not be used to attach bearers or board bearers to runners, because the coupler bolts may interfere with proper placement of planks. Instead bearer (putlog) couplers shall be used.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
BEARER(TRANSOM)
RUNNER(LEDGER)[UNDERNEATH BEARER]
*
RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)Runners (ledger) or bearers (transoms) shall not have more than one joint between adjacent posts, joints shall be staggered (adjacent joints shall not occur on the same bay).End-to-end couplers may be used may be used for joints in runners (ledgers) or bearers (transoms), the joint shall not be located more than 300mm. (12) from a post (standard).Alternatively, joints in runners or bearers may be made by abutting the runner or bearer ends together and overlapping this ends with a separate parallel tube. This parallel tube shall be coupled to each abutted runner or bearer end with at least two equally spaced adjustable swivel couplers. In this case, the joint shall not be located in the middle third of the runner or bearer span.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
300 mm.(12") Min.
300 mm.(12") Min.
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLERS - Min. of four (4)
BEARER (TRANSOM)OR RUNNER (LEDGER)
PARALLEL TUBE
*
RUNNERS (LEDGERS) AND BEARERS (TRANSOMS)Right-angle (double) couplers shall be installed such that the load is against the hinge and not against the bolt.Scaffold couplers shall be tightened to the torque as indicated by the manufacturer preferably between 40 kg-m. (30 ft.-lbs.) and 80 kg-m. (60 ft-lbs.) Only proper scaffold spanner wrenches shall be used. Cheater bars or longer handled wrenches shall not be used, as they give greater leverage than proper scaffold spanner wrenches and could damage the coupler.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
INSTALLATION OF RIGHT-ANGLE COUPLERS
HINGE
BOLT
*
VERTICAL BRACING ( Transverse Zigzag Bracing)Transverse (sectional) zigzag bracing: The first diagonal brace shall be installed from the base of the first post (standard) diagonally upward to the first lift at whichever post (standard) is required to make the angle of the diagonal brace be between 35 and 55 degrees (may be across two bays in one lift height). Additional diagonal braces shall be installed in alternating directions (zigzag) until reaching the top of the scaffold.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL)ZIG-ZAG BRACING
*
VERTICAL BRACING( Transverse Zigzag Bracing)
For wide scaffolds, this transverse zigzag bracing shall be shall be repeated across the width of the scaffold such that no more than 3 adjacent bays are open without transverse bracing. This set of transverse zig-zag braces shall be installed at both scaffold ends and repeated along the length of the scaffold at least every third line of posts (standards).VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) ZIGZAG BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
BEARER(TRANSOM)
35 - 55(TYP.)
BASE LIFT
1st LIFT
2nd LIFT
3rd LIFT
300mm. (12")Max. (Typ.)
NODE POINT(TYP.)
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLER (TYP.)
6"
POST(STANDARD)
*
VERTICAL BRACING ( Transverse Zigzag Bracing)For wide scaffoldsVII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4th LIFT
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
35o-55o
(TYP.)
MAX. 3OPEN BAYS
*
VERTICAL BRACING(Transverse X Bracing)
Transverse (sectional) X bracing: the first two diagonal braces are installed forming an X shape. Thus, the first brace is installed from the base of the first post (standard) diagonally upward to the first lift at the post (standard) required for the base to be between 35 and 55 degrees (may be across two bays in one lift height). The second brace is installed from the base of the same post (standard) diagonally upward to the first post (standard). This X bracing should be repeated up to the height of the scaffold at least every third lift (two adjacent open lift heights permitted.VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) X BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
35 - 55(TYP.)
BASE LIFT
1st LIFT
2nd LIFT
3rd LIFT
BEARER(TRANSOM)
300mm. (12")Max. (Typ.)
NODE POINT(TYP.)
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLER (TYP.)
6"
POST(STANDARD)
*
VERTICAL BRACING (Transverse X Bracing)For wide scaffolds, such transverse X bracing shall be repeated across the width of the scaffold such that no more than 3 adjacent bays are open without transverse bracing. This set of transverse X braces shall be installed at both scaffold ends and repeated along the length of the scaffold at least every third line of posts (standards).VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "X" BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4th LIFT
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
LIFT HEIGTH(TYP.)
35o-55o
(TYP.)
MAX. 3OPEN BAYS
*
VERTICAL BRACING (Longitudinal Facade Bracing)Longitudinal (faade) bracing for a scaffold whose length is greater than its height: A diagonal brace shall be installed from the base of the first post (standard) upward, at between 35 and 55 degrees, to the extreme top of the scaffold. This longitudinal bracing shall be repeated along the length of the scaffold at least every 5th posts (standard). This longitudinal (faade) bracing shall be installed in opposite directions, along the front (inner) and rear (outer) lines of posts (standards).VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
RUNNER (LEDGER)
POST (STANDARD)
LONGITUDINAL (FAADE) BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
35o-55o
(TYP.)
BRACING REPEATED EVERY 5th POST (STANDARD)
POST (STANDARD)
RUNNER (LEDGER)
300 mm (12")Max. (typ.)
NODE POINT(TYP.)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLER
BRACE CONNECTION
*
VERTICAL BRACING(Longitudinal Facade Bracing)
Longitudinal (faade) bracing for a scaffold whose length is less than its height: The first diagonal brace shall be installed from the base of the first end post (standard) upward, at between 35 and 55 degrees, along the entire length of the scaffold to the last end post. Additional diagonal braces shall then be installed, at between 35 and 55 degrees, in alternating directions (zigzag) across the entire scaffold length until reaching the top of the scaffold. This longitudinal (faade) bracing shall be installed in opposite directions, along the front (inner) and rear (outer) lines of posts (standards).VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
8th LIFT
TRANSVERSE (FACADE) DIAGONAL BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4th LIFT
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
5th LIFT
6th LIFT
7th LIFT
35o-55o
(TYP.)
*
VERTICAL BRACING (Interior Longitudinal Zig-zag Bracing)Interior longitudinal zig-zag bracing for a scaffold with multiple bays across its with (birdcage scaffold): The first diagonal brace shall be installed from the base of the first post (standard) diagonally upward, at between 35 and 55 degrees, tothe second post at the first lift (across one bay in one lift height). Additional diagonal braces shall then be installed in alternating directions (zig-zag) until reaching the top of the scaffold. Such longitudinal zig-zag bracing shall be repeated along the length of the scaffold such that no more than 4 adjacent bays are open without longitudinal braces. This set of longitudinal zig-zag braces shall be repeated across the width of the scaffold at least every third line of post.
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE ZIG-ZAG BRACINGTUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4th LIFT
3rd LIFT
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
Base Lift
35o-55o
(TYP.)
5th LIFT
6th LIFT
7th LIFT
8th LIFT
BEARER (TRANSOM)
MAX. 4 OPEN BAYS
*
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSLIGHT-DUTY SCAFFOLD LOADING1 METER
1 METER
ONE MAN AND 20 kg MAXIMUM PER SQUARE METERMAXIMUM TOTAL LOAD 120 kg PER SQURE METER (25 PSF)
*
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSEmbossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post SpacingOPTION 1
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
EmbossedTubingNumber of 225mm (9) wide planks per bay widthTransverse post Spacing (Bearer/Transom Span)Longitudinal Post Spacing (Runner/Ledger Span)Option 141.0 m (3.25 ft.)2.7 m (9.0 ft.) max.Option 251.2 m (4.0 ft.)2.4 m (8.0 ft.) max.2.7 m (9') max.
2.7 m (9') max.
225 mm (9)wide planks (boards)
POST (standard)
BEARER (transom)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACINGLIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS(EMBOSSED TUBING)
RUNNER (ledger)
BOARD BEARER (intermediate transom)
1.0 m (3'-3") max.
Transverse Post Spacings
1.0 m (3'-3") max.
Cover gap with plywood
Longitudinal Post Spacings
*
OPTION 2
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSEmbossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post SpacingVII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Transverse Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Cover gap with plywood
BOARD BEARER (intermediate transom)
RUNNER (ledger)
BEARER (transom)
POST (standard)
225 mm (9)wide planks (boards)
2.4 m (8') max.
2.4 m (8') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACINGLIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS(EMBOSSED TUBING)
*
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSNon-Embossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post Spacing(Based on 48.3 mm O.D., 3.2 mm wall thickness, Fy = 235 N/mm2 (34 ksi), steel tubing)
OPTION 1
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
EmbossedTubingNumber of 225mm (9) wide planks per bay widthTransverse post Spacing (Bearer/Transom Span)Longitudinal Post Spacing (Runner/Ledger Span)Option 141.0 m (3.25 ft.)2.3 m (7.5 ft.) max.Option 251.2 m (4.0 ft.)1.8 m (6.0 ft.) max.Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.0 m (3'-3") max.
Transverse Post Spacings
1.0 m (3'-3") max.
Cover gap with plywood
BOARD BEARER (intermediate transom)
RUNNER (ledger)
BEARER (transom)
POST (standard)
225 mm (9)wide planks (boards)
2.3 m (7'-6") max.
2.3 m (7'-6") max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACINGLIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS(NON-EMBOSSED TUBING)
*
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSNon-Embossed Light-duty Tube & Coupler Scaffold Post Spacing(Based on 48.3 mm O.D., 3.2 mm wall thickness, Fy = 235 N/mm2 (34 ksi), steel tubing)
OPTION 2
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Transverse Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Cover gap with plywood
BOARD BEARER (intermediate transom)
RUNNER (ledger)
BEARER (transom)
POST (standard)
225 mm (9)wide planks (boards)
1.8 m (6') max.
1.8 m (6') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACINGLIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS(NON-EMBOSSED TUBING)
*
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSLarger post spacing may be used if justified by structural calculations or load test submitted for review per G.I. 8.001, along with material tensile/yield stress test reports for the specific scaffold tubing to be used.All light-duty tube & coupler scaffolds may have a maximum of three working levels in use at any one time only when there are no additional levels where platform units are installed. The maximum total number of levels that can be planked at one time depends on the number of working levels simultaneously used by workers. The maximum uniformly distributed load on each working level shall be 120 kg/m2 (1.2 kN/m2) (25 lb./ft2).Light-duty tube & coupler scaffolds requiring more than the above working or planked levels, or over the maximum heights shown in the table, shall be classified as a Special Scaffold and shall be properly designed and reviewed per G.I. 8.001. Preferably, a properly designed system scaffold should be used instead of tube & coupler construction for scaffolds over 38 m. (125 ft.) tallVII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
Maximum Number of Working LevelsMax. Total Number Planked/Platformed LevelsMaximum Scaffold Height1938 m. (125 ft.)2638 m. (125 ft.)3328 m. (91 ft.)*
MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSMEDIUM-DUTY LOADINGVII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
1 METER
1 METER
90
TWO MEN AND 40 kg MAXIMUM PER SQUARE METERMAXIMUM TOTAL LOAD 240 kg PER SQURE METER (50 PSF)
*
MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSAll tubing used to construct Medium-duty and more heavily loaded tube & coupler scaffolds shall be embossed.Maximum post spacing for medium-duty scaffolds:OPTION 1
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Transverse Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Cover gap with plywood
BOARD BEARER (intermediate transom)
RUNNER (ledger)
BEARER (transom)
POST (standard)
225 mm (9)wide planks (boards)
1.8 m (6') max.
1.8 m (6') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACINGMEDIUM-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS(EMBOSSED TUBING)
*
MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSMaximum post spacing for medium-duty scaffolds:OPTION 2
VII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Transverse Post Spacings
1.2 m (4') max.
Cover gap with plywood
RUNNER (ledger)
BEARER (transom)
POST (standard)
225 mm (9)wide planks (boards)
1.8 m (6') max.
1.8 m (6') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACINGMEDIUM-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS(EMBOSSED TUBING)
*
MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDSLarger post spacing may be used if justified by structural calculations or load test submitted for review per G.I. 8.001, along with material tensile/yield stress test reports for the specific scaffold tubing to be used.Medium-duty tube & coupler scaffolds may have a maximum of two working levels in use at any one time only when there are no additional levels where platform units are installed. However, when only one working level is being used, a maximum of additional 6 levels may be planked if they are not being used at the same time. The maximum distributed load on each working level shall not exceed 240 kg/m2 (2.4 kN/m2) (50 lb./ft2).Light-duty tube & coupler scaffolds requiring more than the above working or planked levels, or over the maximum heights shown in the table, shall be classified as a Special Scaffold and shall be properly designed and reviewed per G.I. 8.001. Preferably, a properly designed system scaffold should be used instead of tube & coupler construction for scaffolds over 38 m. (125 ft.) tallVII. TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
Maximum Number of Working LevelsMax. Total Number Planked/Platformed LevelsMaximum Scaffold Height1738 m. (125 ft.)2224 m. (78 ft.)*
VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS
MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTIONMobile and tower scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and square and be horizontally and vertically braced (in both directions) by diagonal braces.Plan (horizontal) bracing shall be installed at the base, at the top, and at least every third lift of all mobile and tower scaffolds to prevent racking (twisting).PLAN BRACE UNDER DECK
PLAN BRACE
*
VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS
MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTIONTube & coupler mobile and tower scaffolds that are one bay long and one bay wide (only 4 posts):LOADINGMAX. POST SPACING IN BOTH DIRECTION(only 4 post)STEEL TUBING MANUFACTURED & EMBOSED AS PER SPECIFICATIONSADDL REQUIREMENT / CONDITIONLight-duty2 m. (6.5ft)YesUsed only for personnel access and inspectionAt least two equally spaced board bearers shall be usedUppermost work platform height shall not exceed 4 times the minimum base dimension Light-duty1.7 m. (5.5ft)NoUppermost work platform height shall not exceed 4 times the minimum base dimension Medium-duty1.5 m. (5 ft)YesUppermost work platform height shall not exceed 4 times the minimum base dimension*
MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTIONMOBILE SCAFFOLDVIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS
PLAN BRACE UNDER DECK
PLAN BRACE
TOEBOARD
TIMBER COVER FOR ACCESS HOLE (OR HINGED)
TOP RAIL
MIDRAIL
WIRE LASHING (TOP, MIDDLE & BOTTOM)
LADDER SHOULD BE FIXED TO THE NARROWER WIDTH
TRANSVERSE (LEDGER) BRACING
LOCKING CASTERS
BOTTOM OF LADDER SUPPORTED
*
MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTIONMobile scaffolds rated for Light-duty shall have steel casters not less than 120 mm. (5) in diameter.Mobile scaffolds rated for Medium-duty shall have heavy-duty steel casters not less than 170 mm. (7) in diameter.All casters shall be fitted with a positive wheel lock (which cannot be accidentally released) to prevent movement while the mobile scaffold is being used.Casters shall be securely fixed to the base of scaffold posts or screwjacks by locking pins.VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS
INSERT SHAFT
HOLE FOR FASTENING PIN
SWIVEL
LOCKING ASSEMBLY
MOBILE SCAFFOLD CASTER
*
MOBILE SCAFFOLD OPERATIONMobile scaffold shall only be used and moved on surfaces sufficiently firm level to ensure stability. Where the scaffold is to be used on an elevated floor or roof, it shall be designed to apply loads no greater than the capacity of the floor or roof.A mobile scaffold shall be moved only by manually pushing or pulling at the base. Force shall not be applied at a height greater than 1.5 m. (5) above the supporting surface.No men, equipment, or materials shall be on the working platform or elsewhere on the scaffold while it is in motion.Casters shall be lock at all times except during scaffold movement.Temporary foundations or tracks shall be properly set in place on soft or uneven ground to facilitate movement of the mobile scaffold. The temporary foundation or track shall be level and properly secured.VIII. MOBILE AND TOWER SCAFFOLDS
*
IX. FABRICATED TUBULAR FRAME SCAFFOLDS
Fabricated Tubular Frame ScaffoldsAll fabricated tubular frame scaffold shall be erected per manufacturers published instructions.It shall not be used for a loading greater than a Light-duty loading of 120 kg/m2 (1.2 kN/m2) (25 lb./ft2).The maximum height shall be 6 meters.Components from different scaffold manufacturers shall not be intermixed.Each frame must have flip-lock fittings, in good condition, for the attachment of horizontal members and diagonal members.Scissor (cross) bracing shall be installed on both sides in every bay between each lift.A complete guardrail system shall be provided at every platform.*
X. BRACKET SCAFFOLDS
Brackets and StrapsBracket scaffolds shall only be used to support a Light-duty loading of 120 kg/m2 (1.2 kN/m2) (25 lb./ft2).*
SAFASFAF
BRACKET SCAFFOLD
TOEBOARD
TOPRAIL(STEEL TUBING OR 3/8" DIA. WIRE ROPE)
TANK SHELL
MIDRAIL(STEEL TUBING OR 3/8" DIA. WIRE ROPE)
PLANKS(BOARDS)
SPACER
BRACKET
BRACKETSTRAP
2.4 m (8 ft.) MAX.FOR 50 mm (2") THK. PLANKS
1.5 m (5 ft.) MAX.FOR 38 mm (1-") THK. PLANKS
BRACKET (TANK BUILDERS) SCAFFOLD
*
X. BRACKET SCAFFOLDS
Brackets and StrapsBrackets shall be installed vertically.Prior to welding on any tank, approval of welding procedures and verification of tank integrity is required from the Proponents Engineering Unit. Only welders certified shall weld bracket straps.Prior to attaching the bracket, completed bracket straps shall be inspected and approved by a welding inspector.Brackets scaffold shall be inspected prior to installation by scaffold craftsmen and prior to each used by scaffold users.WELD
75 mm. (3")
5 mm (3/16") FILLET WELD TO TANK SHELL
25 mm MAX. SIDE WELDS
75 mm (3') MIN.
DEPTH
10 mm (3/8")THK. (min.) STEEL PLATE
250 mm (10")
(min.)
BRACKET STRAP DETAIL
*
GUARDRAILS AND PLATFORMS FOR BRACKET SCAFFOLDSA continuous guardrail system shall be provided along the outside platform edge. If the gap on the inside platform edge to the platform exceeds 360 mm (14) a guardrail system shall be provide.Guardrails shall be constructed using either wire rope [10mm (3/8) diameter min.] or steel tubing [can withstand a force of at least 90 kg. (200 lbs.)].All working levels shall be fully planked (at least 2 but not more than 3 planks wide).Planks shall be overlap in 1 direction only, 230 mm (9) min.The area below the bracket scaffolds shall be barricaded and warning signs posted.X. BRACKET SCAFFOLDS
3 - BOARDS
675 mm (27") MAX.
WIRE ROPEFILLING HOLE
GUARDRAIL SUPPORTUPRIGHT38" - 45" HIGH
PERMANENTLY WELDED OR SECURED TO 150 mm (6") HIGH SLEEVE OR INTERNAL SPIGOT/PIN
ANGLE STEEL
ANCHORPLATE
SPACER
*
XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
CRITERIA FOR UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDSAll underhung scaffolds shall be hung from structures capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold.A guardrail system shall be provided.UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY TUBES & COUPLRESSuspension points of hanger tubes shall be securely fixed to prevent their being dislodged by all potential forces acting upon them.When a hanger tube is coupled to a horizontal tube that is placed across the top of a supporting beam a second horizontal tube shall be attached underneath the supporting beam with a pair of girder couplers. Both horizontal tubes shall be attached to the hanger with a right-angle couplers.Check coupler shall be installed at top & bottoms of all hanger tubes and beneath trapeze tubes.Whenever possible vertical hanger tubes should be in one length where joints are necessary, the tubes should be single lapped using at least four couplers.*
XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY TUBES & COUPLRESTrapeze tubes shall be installed approximately 600 mm (2) below the runners (ledgers) to assist in erection, modification and dismantling, and also to serve as a secondary support should the runner slip.Runners and bearers shall be coupled to hanger tubes using right-angle couplers.Hanger tube spacing shall comply with the tube and coupler post spacing requirements for the load duty of scaffold.At least one board bearer shall be installed when the hanger spacing is more than 1.5 m (5) apart in the longitudinal direction.Only drop-forged girder couplers shall used for the support of hanging scaffolds. Pressed girder couplers shall not be used for the support of hanging scaffolds.*
UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY TUBES & COUPLRESXI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
TOEBOARD
HANGERTUBES
PAIR OF GIRDER COUPLERS (TYP.)
GIRDER
TRAPEZE TUBE
PLAN BRACE
LADDER BEAM
TOPRAIL
RIGHT ANGLE COUPLER
PUNCHEONTUBE
MIDRAIL
A
A
B
B
LOWER PLATFORM
TOPRAIL
PREFERRED METHOD OF HANGER TUBE FIXING
SECTION B-B
SECTION A-A
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLD
c.c.
*
UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY WIRE ROPEA working platform shall have at least six (6) suspension points evenly spaced and kept taut, and shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent it from swaying,Wire rope cable including connecting hardware shall be capable of supporting at least six (6) times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted without failure.Wire suspension rope shall be minimum 9 mm (3/8) diameter (splices in wire ropes are not permitted.When an underhung scaffold is suspended by wire rope, such rope shall be wrapped at least twice around (softeners shall be used) the supporting members and twice around the bearers of the scaffold.Spacing of wire ropes used to carry the scaffold shall comply with the post spacing requirements for the duty of the scaffold.Suspension wire ropes shall be shielded from heat producing processes.Wire ropes shall be inspected for defects prior to each work shift and after every occurrence, which could affect a ropes integrity.XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
*
USE OF WIRE ROPE CLIPSThere shall be minimum of 3 clips installed at the load end and 3 clips installed at the attachment end of each rope.Clips installation and retightening after initial loading shall be according to the manufacturers recommendation.When wire rope clips are used, the U-bolt shall be placed over the dead end of the rope, and saddle (bridge) shall be placed over the live (loaded) end of the rope.DONT SADDLE A DEAD HORSE
XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
LIVE END
DEAD END
*
WELDING FROM UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS SUSPENDED BY WIRE ROPESTo reduce the possibility of welding current flowing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from underhung scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable:An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its support. Additional independent lines to provide grounding shall be insulated.All suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 1.2 m (4) above the working platform.In addition to work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. The size of this conductor shall be at least the size of the welding process work lead, and this conductor shall not be in series with the welding process or the work piece.If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine shall be shut off.An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system.XI. UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLDS
*
MMG SCAFFOLD TAGGING
RED SCAFFOLD TAGIndicates the scaffold has not been inspected or is not safe for use (by anyone other than the scaffold erection craftsmen.*
GREEN SCAFFOLD TAGIndicates the scaffold is complete, has been inspected, and is safe for use at the time of inspection.MMG SCAFFOLD TAGGING
*
Competent or trained scaffolder only can erect or dismantle scaffoldA trained or competent scaffolding supervisor/foreman must over-see the erection or dismantling1 week-signing interval (maximum), tags to be revalidated as needs ariseOver 20 ft. high, Must have engineering designDancing Scaffold, Must have engineering designYellow tag will be used rarely. Full body harness required for scaffolds yellow tagged.Safety Tips
*
CouplersRiveted type prohibitedBS 1139, EN74 acceptableSafety Tips
*
Lashed with rope
to prevent movement
Extend 1 meter
or 3 to 4 rung above the working platform
4m
1m
Ladder set at a
4 to 1 ratio
Stile feet resting
on a firm and level
surface
Positioning and securing ladders in scaffold platform
Safe Use of Ladder
*
Safe Use of Ladder
Wire or Nylon rope lashing
Tie rod
Do not use bricks or blocks to extend the reach of ladders
Only use side rails to secure ladders
Do not use in a horizontal position as platforms, walkways or supports for planks
Keep area around ladders clear of trash & debris
Install on a firm level surface
Ladder clamp
EMBED PBrush
Do not use damaged or weakened ladders: for example broken or split side rails and rungs, loose or missing rungs, any other damage that hinders safe use of the ladder.
Side rails must be smooth and without slivers or projections.
not the rungs
EMBED MSPhotoEd.3
EMBED PBrush
_1091451100.bin*
Safe Use of Ladder
Do not use ladder with broken or damage rungs
Do not use rebar to replace missing rungs
Do not lash ladders together to extend the reach
Use the proper extension ladders
*
Safe Use of Ladder
6"
110 kg (250 lbs.)
One Man
110 kg (250 lbs.)110 kg (250 lbs.)
Two Man
(250 lbs.)
Three Man
(250 lbs.)(250 lbs.)
Concentrated Load Cases for Platform Units
TIE TUBES
COUPLED TO
TWO POSTS
(STANDARDS)
TIE TUBEREVEAL TUBE
RIGHT-ANGLE
COUPLERS
TIE TUBES
COUPLED TO
TWO RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BOX TIE
BOX TIES
REVEAL TIES
(MAXIMUM 50% OF TOTAL TIES)
SCAFFOLD TIES
REVEAL TUBE
PLAN VIEW OF
REVEAL TIES
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)
COUPLERS (TYP.)
REVEAL PIN
WALL OR
SOLID
STRUCTURE
WALL OR
SOLID
STRUCTURE
TIMBER PACKING
TIE TUBES TO
SCAFFOLD
PLAN VIEW OF COLUMN BOX TIE
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)
COUPLERS (TYP.)
TIE TUBES TO
SCAFFOLD
PLAN VIEW OF TWO-WAY TIES
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)
COUPLERS (TYP.)
WALL OR
SOLID
STRUCTURE
TIMBER PACKING
TIE TUBES TO
SCAFFOLD
WALL OR
SOLID
STRUCTURE
45
APPROX.
1.25 m
APPROX.
GROUND LEVEL
ONLY ONE ADDITIONAL
LIFT ALLOWED ABOVE
RAKER TIE-IN POINT
RAKER TIE-IN POINT
SINGLE RAKER TUBE 6.4m (21ft.)
MAX. LENGTH (NO SPLICES)
LONGITUDINAL
STRUT TUBE
BASE PLATE
SOLE BOARD
DETAIL
SHORT BUTT
TUBE
ALTERNATIVE ON
HARD GROUND
BASE PLATE
HORIZONTAL TIE
TUBES (REQUIRED)
RAKER
1
.
5
m
(
5
f
t
.
)
M
A
X
.
V
A
R
I
E
S
38 mm.
(1.5") THK.
POSTS (STANDARD)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
BOARD BEARER
(INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
SUPPORT SPACING FOR PLANKS
38mm (1-") THICK
2
.
4
m
(
8
f
t
.
)
M
A
X
.
V
A
R
I
E
S
50 mm.
(2") THK.
POSTS (STANDARD)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
BOARD BEARER
(INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
SUPPORT SPACING FOR PLANKS
50mm (2") THICK
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
OVERLAP
OVERHANG
BOARD BEARER
(INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
POST
(STANDARD)
150 mm. (6") MIN.
(UNLESS CLEATED)
300 mm. (12") MAX.
300 mm.
(12") MIN.
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)
COUPLERS
STANDARDS
RING TYPE GIN WHEEL
(PREFERED)
7
5
0
m
m
.
(
3
0
"
)
M
A
X
.
RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE)
COUPLERS
STANDARDS
7
5
0
m
m
.
(
3
0
"
)
M
A
X
.
MOUSING
HOOK TYPE GIN WHEEL
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
2 Meters (6 6)
maximum lift height
2 Meters (6 6)
maximum lift height
BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)
POSTS
(STANDARDS)
RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
2 Meters (6 6)
maximum lift height
2 Meters (6 6)
maximum lift height
BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)
POSTS
(STANDARDS)
RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)
SCAFFOLD LIFTS
6"
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
[UNDERNEATH BEARER]
TYPICAL BRIDGING FOR 2 BAYS
LIGHT-DUTY SCAFFOLD
BRACING TO OUTER AND
INNER POST (STANDARD) LINES
MAXIMUM 2 BAYS
IN CERTAIN CASES, CHECK COUPLERS AND DOUBLE POST (STANDARDS) MAY BE REQUIRED
BRACING AND LADDER BEAMS TO OUTER AND INNER POST (STANDARD) LINES
LADDER
BEAM
TYPICAL BRIDGING FOR 2 BAYS
MEDIUM-DUTY SCAFFOLD
MAXIMUM 2 BAYS
LATTICE /
UNIT BEAM
IN CERTAIN CASES, CHECK COUPLERS AND DOUBLE POST (STANDARDS) MAY BE REQUIRED
BRACING AND LATTICE / UNIT BEAMS TO OUTER AND INNER POST (STANDARD) LINES
TYPICAL BRIDGING FOR 2 BAYS
HEAVY-DUTY SCAFFOLD
MAXIMUM 2 BAYS
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4
th
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
MAX. 3OPEN BAYS
RUNNER (LEDGER)
POST (STANDARD)
LONGITUDINAL (FAADE) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
BRACING REPEATED EVERY
5
th
POST (STANDARD)
1
0
0
m
m
.
(
4
"
)
M
i
n
.
3
0
0
m
m
.
(
1
2
"
)
M
i
n
.
O
V
E
R
L
A
P
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL)
COUPLERS
DIAGONAL
BRACE
DIAGONAL
BRACE
BRACE SPLICE
POST
(STANDARD)
RUNNER
(LEDGER)
300 mm (12")
Max. (typ.)
NODE POINT
(TYP.)
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
ADJUSTABLE
(SWIVEL) COUPLER
300 mm (12")
Max. (typ.)
BRACE CONNECTION
TYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD BASE IN THE PROCESS OF
BEING ASSEMBLED AND LEVELED
TYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD BEING ASSEMBLED
SYSTEM SCAFFOLD ERECTION
LOCKING-PIN TYPE OF SYSTEM SCAFFOLD
(PROHIBITED)
UPPER POST SPIGOT
(STANDARD)
SPIGOT
SPIGOT PIN
LOWER POST
(STANDARD)
BOLTED SPIGOT
SILLS (SOLE
BOARDS)
BEARERS
(TRANSOMS)
BIOARD BEARER
(INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
POST
(STANDARD)
RUNNERS
(LEDGERS)
BASE PLATES
BASE LIFT
(KICKER LIFT)
RUNNERS &
BEARERS
INSTALLED
INSIDE POSTS
TYP.
BAY LENGTH
[on top of ledger]
[on top of ledger]
A
T
L
E
A
S
T
1
0
0
m
m
.
(
4
"
)
A
T
L
E
A
S
T
1
0
0
m
m
.
(
4
"
)
3
0
0
m
m
.
(
1
2
"
)
M
i
n
.
3
0
0
m
m
.
(
1
2
"
)
M
i
n
.
A
D
J
U
S
T
A
B
L
E
(
S
W
I
V
E
L
)
C
O
U
P
L
E
R
S
-
M
i
n
.
o
f
f
o
u
r
(
4
)
B
E
A
R
E
R
(
T
R
A
N
S
O
M
)
O
R
R
U
N
N
E
R
(
L
E
D
G
E
R
)
P
A
R
A
L
L
E
L
T
U
B
E
INSTALLATION OF
RIGHT-ANGLE
COUPLERS
HINGE
BOLT
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL)
ZIG-ZAG BRACING
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) ZIGZAG BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
35 - 55
(TYP.)
BASE LIFT
1
st
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
300mm. (12")
Max. (Typ.)
NODE POINT
(TYP.)
ADJUSTABLE
(SWIVEL) COUPLER
(TYP.)
6"
POST
(STANDARD)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4
th
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
MAX. 3OPEN BAYS
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) X BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
35 - 55
(TYP.)
BASE LIFT
1
st
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
BEARER
(TRANSOM)
300mm. (12")
Max. (Typ.)
NODE POINT
(TYP.)
ADJUSTABLE
(SWIVEL) COUPLER
(TYP.)
6"
POST
(STANDARD)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "X" BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4
th
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
MAX. 3OPEN BAYS
LIFT HEIGTH
(TYP.)
RUNNER (LEDGER)
POST (STANDARD)
LONGITUDINAL (FAADE) BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
BRACING REPEATED
EVERY 5
th
POST
(STANDARD)
POST (STANDARD)
RUNNER (LEDGER)
300 mm (12")
Max. (typ.)
NODE POINT
(TYP.)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL)
COUPLER
BRACE CONNECTION
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (FACADE) DIAGONAL BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4
th
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
5
th
LIFT
6
th
LIFT
7
th
LIFT
8
th
LIFT
BEARER (TRANSOM)
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE ZIG-ZAG BRACING
TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD
4
th
LIFT
3
rd
LIFT
2
nd
LIFT
1
st
LIFT
Base Lift
35
o
-55
o
(TYP.)
5
th
LIFT
6
th
LIFT
7
th
LIFT
8
th
LIFT
BEARER (TRANSOM)
MAX. 4 OPEN BAYS
1
M
E
T
E
R
1 METER
ONE MAN AND 20 kg MAXIMUM
PER SQUARE METER
MAXIMUM TOTAL LOAD 120 kg PER
SQURE METER (25 PSF)
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.0 m
(3'-3") max.
Transverse
Post Spacings
1.0 m
(3'-3") max.
Cover gap
with
plywood
BOARD BEARER
(intermediate transom)
RUNNER
(ledger)
BEARER
(transom)
POST
(standard)
225 mm (9)wide
planks (boards)
2.7 m (9') max.
2.7 m (9') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACING
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
(EMBOSSED TUBING)
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Transverse
Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Cover gap
with
plywood
BOARD BEARER
(intermediate transom)
RUNNER
(ledger)
BEARER
(transom)
POST
(standard)
225 mm (9)wide
planks (boards)
2.4 m (8') max.
2.4 m (8') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACING
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
(EMBOSSED TUBING)
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.0 m
(3'-3") max.
Transverse
Post Spacings
1.0 m
(3'-3") max.
Cover gap
with
plywood
BOARD BEARER
(intermediate transom)
RUNNER
(ledger)
BEARER
(transom)
POST
(standard)
225 mm (9)wide
planks (boards)
2.3 m (7'-6") max.
2.3 m (7'-6") max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACING
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
(NON-EMBOSSED TUBING)
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Transverse
Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Cover gap
with
plywood
BOARD BEARER
(intermediate transom)
RUNNER
(ledger)
BEARER
(transom)
POST
(standard)
225 mm (9)wide
planks (boards)
1.8 m (6') max.
1.8 m (6') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACING
LIGHT-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
(NON-EMBOSSED TUBING)
1
M
E
T
E
R
1 METER
TWO MEN AND 40 kg MAXIMUM
PER SQUARE METER
MAXIMUM TOTAL LOAD 240 kg PER
SQURE METER (50 PSF)
90
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Transverse
Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Cover gap
with
plywood
BOARD BEARER
(intermediate transom)
RUNNER
(ledger)
BEARER
(transom)
POST
(standard)
225 mm (9)wide
planks (boards)
1.8 m (6') max.
1.8 m (6') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACING
MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
(EMBOSSED TUBING)
Longitudinal Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Transverse
Post Spacings
1.2 m
(4') max.
Cover gap
with
plywood
RUNNER
(ledger)
BEARER
(transom)
POST
(standard)
225 mm (9)wide
planks (boards)
1.8 m (6') max.
1.8 m (6') max.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE POST SPACING
MEDIUM-DUTY TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLDS
(EMBOSSED TUBING)
PLAN BRACE
UNDER DECK
PLAN BRACE
PLAN BRACE
UNDER DECK
PLAN BRACE
TIMBER COVER FOR
ACCESS HOLE (OR HINGED)
TOP RAIL
MIDRAIL
TOEBOARD
WIRE LASHING
(TOP, MIDDLE &
BOTTOM)
LADDER SHOULD
BE FIXED TO THE
NARROWER WIDTH
TRANSVERSE
(LEDGER) BRACING
LOCKING CASTERS
BOTTOM OF LADDER
SUPPORTED
INSERT SHAFT
HOLE FOR
FASTENING PIN
SWIVEL
LOCKING
ASSEMBLY
MOBILE SCAFFOLD CASTER
BRACKET SCAFFOLD
TOEBOARD
TOPRAIL
(STEEL TUBING OR
3/8" DIA. WIRE ROPE)
TANK SHELL
PLANKS
(BOARDS)
SPACER
BRACKET
BRACKET
STRAP
1
.
5
m
(
5
f
t
.
)
M
A
X
.
F
O
R
3
8
m
m
(
1
-
"
)
T
H
K
.
P
L
A
N
K
S
BRACKET (TANK BUILDERS) SCAFFOLD
MIDRAIL
(STEEL TUBING OR
3/8" DIA. WIRE ROPE)
2
.
4
m
(
8
f
t
.
)
M
A
X
.
F
O
R
5
0
m
m
(
2
"
)
T
H
K
.
P
L
A
N
K
S
7
5
m
m
.
(
3
"
)
W
E
L
D5 mm (3/16") FILLET
WELD TO TANK SHELL
25 mm MAX. SIDE
WELDS
75 mm
(3') MIN.
DEPTH
10 mm (3/8")
THK. (min.)
STEEL PLATE
2
5
0
m
m
(
1
0
"
)
(
m
i
n
.
)
BRACKET STRAP DETAIL
3
-
B
O
A
R
D
S
6
7
5
m
m
(
2
7
"
)
M
A
X
.
WIRE ROPE
FILLING HOLE
GUARDRAIL SUPPORT
UPRIGHT
38" - 45" HIGH
PERMANENTLY WELDED
OR SECURED TO
150 mm (6") HIGH SLEEVE
OR INTERNAL SPIGOT/PIN
ANGLE STEEL
ANCHOR
PLATE
SPACER
A
A
B
B
TOEBOARD
HANGER
TUBES
PAIR OF GIRDER
COUPLERS (TYP.)
GIRDER
TRAPEZE
TUBE
PLAN
BRACE
LADDER
BEAM
TOPRAIL
RIGHT ANGLE
COUPLER
PUNCHEON
TUBE
MIDRAIL
LOWER
PLATFORM
TOPRAIL
PREFERRED
METHOD OF HANGER
TUBE FIXING
SECTION
B-B
SECTION
A-A
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
c.c.
UNDERHUNG SCAFFOLD
LIVE END
DEAD END
Do not use in a horizontal position as
platforms, walkways or supports for
planks
Do not use damaged or weakened ladders: for
example broken or split side r
ails and rungs,
loose or missing rungs, any other damage that
hinders safe use of the ladder.
Side rails must be smooth and without slivers or
projections.
not the rungs
Only use side rails to
secure ladders
Ladder
clamp
Wire or Nylon
rope lashin
g
Tie rod
Install on a firm
level surface
Keep area around ladders
clear of trash & debris
Do not use bricks or
blocks to extend the
reach of ladders