Feed the Future Collaborative Research Innovation Lab Partners Workshop July 9, 2013. Accra, Ghana

Scaling Horticulture and IPM Technologies

IPM Innovation Lab

Amer Fayad, PhD

Associate Director, IPM Innovation Lab

Office of international Research, Education, and Development

International Affairs Offices, Virginia Tech

IPM IL-Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab (Collaborative Research Support Program)

• USAID-Funded

• Current Phase 2009-2014

• Operates in 16 countries

• Covers one-third of the world population

• Collaborates with:

U.S. universities 15

Host country institutions 60

International Agricultural

Research Centers 7

NGOs 10

Private institutions 5

IPM IL Strategy for Worldwide Technology Dissemination

Global Project Plant Virus Diseases

Global Project Impact Assessment

Global Project Gender Knowledge

And Application

Global Project Plant Disease

Diagnostics

Parthenium East Africa

Regional Projects

South Asia Southeast Asia

Central Asia East Africa West Africa

Latin America

Kenya

Uganda Tanzania

India

Nepal Bangladesh

Indonesia

Cambodia Philippines

Tajikistan Honduras

Guatemala Ecuador

Senegal

Ghana Mali

Crops Addressed in the IPM IL

Vegetable and Root crops Tomato Cucurbits Eggplant Crucifers Pepper Beans Potato Onions Okra Cassava Fruit and cash crops Banana Citrus Cacao Coffee Mango Naranjilla Passion Fruit Tree Tomato Cereal Crops Sorghum Wheat Rice

The Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP) is managed by Virginia Tech at the International Affairs Office Building, 526 Prices Fork Road (0378), Blacksburg, VA 24061. Phone: (540) 231-6338

IPM package for vegetables delivers food security and biodiversity

Use of bio-pesticides is one

of the major components of

IPM. The result is a

significant increase in plant

health and yield, a dramatic

reduction in pesticide use,

improvement in biodiversity

and an increase in farmer

income.

IPM plays a major role in the

management of Invasive

Alien Plants and especially

to manage Invasive Alien

Arthropods and Microbes.

An IPM vegetable package is a set of technologies that can be applied to a given crop to obtain increased yield and reduce pesticide use. It includes the following elements:

Soil Preparation Techniques to enhance the soil—such as soil

solarization and the addition of growth

enhancers such as neem cake, VAM, and

fertilizers—provide vegetables with the

nutrients they need and deter pests such as

weeds and nematodes.

Seed Selection Quality seeds should be chosen according to

need and availability. Pest resistance, yield,

marketability, and suitability to the environment

are important considerations.

Seed Treatment Seed treatments such as Trichoderma spp.,

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis

protect the seedlings from pests.

Seedling Selection and Grafting All seedlings in the nursery should be closely

examined for viral and other diseases, and

infected seedlings should be eliminated from

the planting material. Grafting for pest

resistance should be done when needed.

Traps and Biopesticides Sticky traps, pheromone traps, and bait

traps may be used for both monitoring

and reducing pest populations. When

these populations reach an economic

threshold, biopesticides such as NPV can

be used.

Biological Control Adoption of biological control is a major

component of IPM. Local natural

enemies such as parasitoids can

significantly decrease the need for

pesticides.

Supplemental Tactics Supplemental tactics including physical

management techniques, such as using

stakes, nets, and planting trap crops or

nectar plants can be used to reduce pest

damage.

www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp/

Strategic Action Strategic action, such as irrigation and

rogueing, should be taken to keep plants

healthy, reduce re-infection, and

discourage pests. While this step is very

effective, it is often labor intensive.

IPM Packages

IPM for Tomato

• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas

fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis

• Solarization of seed beds and in greenhouses

• Use of VAM, neem cake and other organics

• Selecting virus-resistant varieties

• Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt, Fusarium and

others

• Staking and mulching

• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers etc.

• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa and Spodoptera

• Host-free period and rogueing for control of virus diseases

• Use of Biopesticides such as neem

• Use of microbial pesticides such as NPV, Metarhizium, and

Beauveria

Selection of disease-free seeds and production of healthy seedlings in net houses

Production and use of Trichoderma Trichoderma workshops conducted in India trained scientists from Bangladesh, Ghana, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Senegal, and Uzbekistan.

Production and use of Trichoderma

Indonesia

Farmer Organization

Production and use of Trichoderma

Bangladesh

Production and use of Trichoderma

Bangladesh

Trichoderma Field Trials Broccoli- Indonesia Garlic- The Philippines

Okra- India Okra- India

International workshop on production of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma & Pseudomonas)

• Participants:

Bangladesh, Honduras,

India, Indonesia,

Kyrgyzstan, and

Uzbekistan

• Hands on experience

on isolation, culture,

and mass production of

Trichoderma and

Pseudomonas

• Event took place in July 2011 at TNAU. USAID India Mission personnel joined the

workshop participants in their field visits to the TNAU IPM CRSP research plots and to a

private company developing and commercializing microbial biocontrol agents.

Grafting for Control of Soil borne Diseases

• Grafting eggplant and tomato on resistant root stock

(Bangladesh, Philippines, India, Nepal, Uganda, Honduras)

• Grafting watermelon and cantaloupe on pumpkin

rootstock for soil borne disease resistance (South and

Southeast Asia)

• Grafting naranjilla on resistant rootstock, Solanum hirtum

(Ecuador)

• Grafting tree tomato on Solanum auriculatum and

Nicotiana glauca (Ecuador)

Grafting Eggplant & Tomato in Bangladesh • Eggplant yield ↑ 249% in

Bangladesh

• Technology transferred to India, Nepal, Uganda, Honduras, and Ecuador

• Technology transferred from Bangladesh to Ohio

Grafting Tomato in Kenya

• Grafting tomatoes for control of bacterial wilt

Grafting Naranjilla in Ecuador

Fusarium

Pheromone Production and Use

Pheromone production in a private company in India

Pheromone use in the field

NPVs for Spodoptera & Helicoverpa

Production of Biocontrol Agents

A nest for ants to control cacao pod borer.

Indonesia Honduras

Orius bug production

Predacious mite production

Honduras

Production and use of Biopesticides

Indonesia

Biological control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus

Acerophagus papayae, a parasitoid of papaya mealybug

Host-Free Period for Virus Control

A 3 month host-free period was effective in reducing the incidence of geminiviruses

Selected impacts of the IPM Innovation Lab

IPM Innovation Lab’s cost-benefit ratio

• IPM Innovation Lab budget for 20 years

– $50 millions

• Benefits from IPM Innovation Lab

– $ 750 millions to $1,750 millions

• Cost-Benefit Ratio

– 1:15-35

Gender Equity in IPM Innovation Lab

Indonesia Nepal Cambodia

Mali Bangladesh India

Farmers field school In Indonesia

Information

dissemination through

farmers field schools

and mass media

Thank You