Scandinavia - Historical Cultural Geography & Mythology

7/23/2019 Scandinavia - Historical Cultural Geography & Mythology

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Ginnungagap, with the icyrealm of Nihelm and the ery

realm of Muspell

Maurisoft. “Ginnungagap.” Abc Dioses. 29 an. 2!!2. "#ct. 2!!$



*mir nourishing himselfon +udhumias mil-

Giaco(ai, /rederic. “0lassical Norse& *mir.” Image Gallery for the Study of Myth 21 /e(.2!!". 29 ep. 2!!$ % http&''www.-irtland.cc.mi.us'honors'goddess'images'ymir.3pg).



4 ya n + ( (o t t

0 h r i s t y

5a n se n

e n s

Mage l s se n

5ea t he r

2 m i t h

6 er iod 10 lassics 7

2ha- espear e

8owern, teen. 29 ep. 2!!$ %http&''www.steen(owerman.com).

: d w a r d s, M a r c 8. 2 9

e p.

2 ! ! $

% w w w. m a r c e d w a r d s

. c o m'

a n y; ).



< candinaia refers to three Northern :uropeancountries& weden and Norway =together formcandinaian 6eninsula>, ?enmar-

@ 0lassied as such due to linguistic, cultural 7historical similarities

@ ometimes term includes AcelandB less

freCuently inclusion of /inland (ecause notlinguistically related

< candinaians spea- closely connectedgroupings of Germanic languages& wedish,

Norwegian, ?anish, Acelandic, /aeroese



< 0omprised of two of threecandinaian countries&weden 7 Norway@ ?enmar- physiographical is

part of North :uropean 6lainrather than peninsula itself< +lmost D of peninsula eEists

north of +rctic 0ircle< 8ordered (y +tlantic 7 +rctic

#ceans, the North 7 8altic

eas, the Gulf of 8othnia, 7 the-agerra- 7 Fattegat straits< Mountainous in western region< estern coast of peninsula

intensely grooed (y f3ords

candinaian 6eninsulaCadêJur . 29 ep. 2!!$

%www.cade3ur.com.(r'html'(us mapa;scandinaia.asp).



Handr y, Michel. 29 ep. 2!!

$

%www.c m.Cc.ca'mlandr y' fol-lore'

i-ings. 6G).

< 9th @ ""th century candinaianwarriors inaded 8ritish Asles 7:uropean coasts@ I!! +.?. J"!K! +.?.& -nown as

the Li-ing +ge

< ystematic raids of neigh(orsprogressiely changed toruthless forays

< Anitially Li-ings most superiorsailors 7 ship(uilders in world

< 4easons drien from ownlands& oerpopulation, internaldisagreement, pursuit oftrade, desire for adenture@ eeral candinaian

-ingdoms arose& weden,

Norway, ?enmar-



< :Etended family

< 5ead of 5ousehold

responsi(le for family wellJ(eing

< omen had signicant rolein society& wife of head of

household saw to food 7farm animals, ma-ingmedicine from her(s, caredfor sic- 7 wounded, ran

farm in hus(ands a(sence

ocialNorms

5inds, Margaret. $ ep. 2!!$. 29ep. 2!!$

%osfodin.-sc.nasa.go').



< /undamental economy of candinaia wasagriculture =grain, cattle, stoc- graing>B

also shing 7 sea trade< Hied (y shing, farming, trading mainly (y

sea

< Li-ings international tradesmen, tradingspices 7 sil- for slaes, trading furs, s-ins 7walrus tus- iory

< laery performed important role ineconomy



< candinaian artisansmasters of woodcaring 7 metalwor-@ amples of artwor-

suried from "!th 7 ""th century

< Fnow little a(out

sounds of Li-ing music@ Li-ings -new nothinga(out musical notationso culture progressiely(ecame part of 0hristian:uropean culture

“ L i - i n g +r t .” M i c r o s o f t E n c a r t a

R e f e r e n c e i b r a r y ! " " # . 0 ? J 4 # M . M i c r o s o f t

0 o r p o r a t i o n . "9 9 $ J 2 ! ! 2 .

“0el ts.” Microsof t E

ncarta Ref erence

ibrary !""#. 0?J4

#M. Microso f t

0orpora tion. "99$J 2!! 2.



< Greatest degree consered in #ld Norseliterature of Acelandic writings within the:ddas, sagas, s-aldic poetry, 7 (allads

< ritings not present until after0hristianity founded =c. "!!! +.?.>

< c. ""!!Jc. "$K! +.?.& oral poetry 7 new

compositions laid down< Acelands loss of independence to

Norway in "$th century led to

disappearance of literary actiity



< /reedom of ?iine ill in its clash with

natures conicting forces< ouls free struggle against material

(arriers

< 6olytheistic =(elief in more than one god>@ Gods perpetually at war

< ystems of dualism& summer, sunshine,

growth in constant com(at with winter,

he Fey 0oncept of8elief



< orship initiallyperformed outdoors nearsacred wells or stones or

(eneath guardian trees< ooden temples adorned

with altars 7 carings ofgods used later on@ Most prominent temple

at #ld Oppsala,weden wheresacricial animals 7humans met demise

4eligious4itual

Malcolm, 4. 8rown, r. “Gamla Oppsala, weden.” $!+pr.

2!!2. 2P ep.



< Li-ings encountered 0hristianity when #la ryggason 3ourneyed from :ngland with ships in99K +.?. to claim Norways throne 7 (ring0hristianity to land

< ?anes long (efore were already familiar with0hristianity

@ 4eason why conersion to 0hristianity so swiftQ< Li-ing +ge ceased with intro of 0hristianity into

candinaia, the creation of the three -ingdoms,7 with :uropean states a(ility to defend against

intrusions



< u(stantiation is profuse, (ut incomplete 7scattered

< #rigins rooted in Germanic peoplesmythology

< :Etracted from Germanic mythology own

myths 7 legends concerning gods, archaicheroes, 7 unierses creation 7 ruin

< 6reJ0hristian (eliefs of candinaians

< Oncertainty regarding original pagan religious

8asic Anformation



Gods

8ulnch, homas. “Northern Mythology.” $ul%nch&s Mythology. "991J"999. 2Pep. 2!!$

%http&''www.(ulnch.org'fa(les'(ull$I.html)

< 6rinciple gods of candinaianmythology&

@ Odin& chief of gods

@ Thor & god of thunder 7protector

@ Frey & god of fertility 7prosperity

Odin

Mythological5eroes< 8elieed to (edescendents of gods

< 6ossi(ly deried from

factual persons



< Li-ings left legacy of archaeologicalremains& ship (urials of men 7 women, in(urial site treasures, 7 memorial stones

depicting mythical scenes< 8estowed place names, eldnames, family

names

<Hocal dialect, customs, fol- tales, oraltraditions, genetic ma-eup of local peoples

< eeral :nglish words, as well as German,?utch, Arish, 7 /rench, are descended

directly from Li-ing words

5 i di i l



5:A& Gien that the candinaians identied closely withthe gods, their tendencies to oerpower neigh(ors, whicheEhi(ited the importance of strength within the society, aremirrored in the 0reation Myth (y the (rutal slaying of *mir (yhis three grandsons and the transfer of power to #din andhis two (rothers.

An order for #din and the (rothers to oerthrow *mir, they reCuired physicalstrength and courage of mind. “+s the gods, so the people =0lar-e, ames/reeman, ?.? >”. hese Cualities are a reection in Li-ing societydemonstrated through their determination to uphold power through theaggressie accumulation of land and in their display of passing on theauthority from the 5ead of the 5ousehold to the eldest son to sustain thefamily legacy. +nd so, one can see how mythological (eliefs, as with religious(eliefs, can hae a profound inuence on the ways of a ciiliation (ecausethere is always a strong lin- (etween how a society eEists and the (eliefs of itspeoples.

0lar-e, ames /reeman, ?.?. “2. Adea of candinaian 4eligion from he en Great

4eligions” 'he 'eutonic and Scandina(ian Religion "I99. 22 ep. 2!!$% http&''www.i-ingage.com'ac'religion2.html).

5ow is candinaias culturereected in its mythologyQ



“

Nyholm, ens. “Norwegian Hanguage.” Microsoft

Encarta Reference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M.Microsoft 0orporation. "99$J2!!2.

“#ld Norse Hiterature.” Columbia Encyclo)edia.iEth :dition. 2!!$. 2P ep. 2!!$

%http&''encyclopedia.com'html'#'#ldN"orse.asp).

4osenthal, oel . “he Li-ings.” Microsoft EncartaReference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M.

Microsoft 0orporation. "99$J2!!2.“candinaia.” Columbia Encyclo)edia. iEth

:dition. 2!!$. 2P ep. 2!!$

%http&''encyclopedia.com'html's'scandin.asp).

“candinaian Mythology.” Microsoft EncartaReference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M. Microsoft

0orporation. "99$J2!!2.“Li-ings.” Columbia Encyclo)edia. iEth :dition.

2!!$. 2P ep. 2!!$%http&''encyclopedia.com'html''i-ings.asp).

“Li-ings.” Microsoft Encarta Reference ibrary!""#. 0?J4#M. Microsoft 0orporation.

"99$J2!!2.“Li-ing +rt.” Microsoft Encarta Reference ibrary

!""#. 0?J4#M. Microsoft 0orporation."99$J2!!2.

“ood 0aring.” Columbia Encyclo)edia. iEth:dition. 2!!$. 2P ep. 2!!$

%http&''encyclopedia.com'html'w"'woodcar.asp).

0elts.” Microsoft Encarta Reference ibrary !""#.0?J4#M. Microsoft 0orporation.

"99$J2!!2.0herry, Nicole. “0reation Myth.” *orse Mythology R

/e(. 2!!". 2R ep. 2!!$

%http&''www.ugcs.caltech.edu'Scherryne'myth.cgi'0reation.html).

0lar-e, ames /reeman, ?.?. “2. Adea ofcandinaian 4eligion from he en Great

4eligions” 'he 'eutonic and Scandina(ian

Religion "I99. 22 ep. 2!!$% http&''www.i-ingage.com'ac'religion2.html)./riis, :ri- . “wedish Hiterature.” Microsoft Encarta

Reference ibrary !""#. 0?J 4#M.Microsoft 0orporation. "99$J2!!2.

“F3Tlen Mountains.” Microsoft Encarta Referenceibrary !""#. 0?J4#M. Microsoft

0orporation. "99$J2!!2.Morley, ?aid and igo -rUmm. “he Li-ings.” 'he

+i,ing *et-or, $ +ug. 2!!". 2P ep.2!!$% http&''www.i-ing.no'e'indeE.html).

“Norwegian Hiterature.” Microsoft Encarta Referenceibrary !""#. 0?J 4#M. Microsoft

0orporation. "99$J2!!2.Nyholm, ens. “?anish Hanguage.” Microsoft Encarta

Reference ibrary !""#. 0?J 4#M.Microsoft 0orporation. "99$J2!!2.

Nyholm, ens. “?anish Hiterature.” Microsoft EncartaReference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M.

Microsoft 0orporation. "99$J2!!2.



8owern, teen. 29 ep. 2!!$ %http&''www.steen(owerman.com).8ulnch, homas. “Northern Mythology.” $ul%nch&s Mythology. "991J"999. 2P ep.

2!!$%http&''www.(ulnch.org'fa(les'(ull$I.html) CadêJur . 29 ep. 2!!$ %www.cade3ur.com.(r'html'(usca'mapa;scandinaia.asp).“0elts.” Microsoft Encarta Reference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M. Microsoft 0orporation.

"99$J2!!2.:dwards, Marc 8. 29 ep. 2!!$ %www.marcedwards.com'company;history;info.htm).Giaco(ai, /rederic. “0lassical Norse& *mir.” Image Gallery for the Study of Myth 21

/e(.2!!". 29 ep. 2!!$ %http&''www.-irtland.cc.mi.us'honors'goddess'images'ymir.3pg).

5inds, Margaret. $ ep. 2!!$. 29 ep. 2!!$ %osfodin.-sc.nasa.go').Handry, Michel. 29 ep. 2!!$ %www.cm.Cc.ca'mlandry'fol-lore'i-ings.6G).Malcolm, 4. 8rown, r. “Gamla Oppsala, weden.” $! +pr. 2!!2. 2P ep. 2!!$

%www.(otany.uteEas.edu'...'sweden'#ldOppsala'default.htm).

Maurisoft. “Ginnungagap.” Abc Dioses. 29 an. 2!!2. " #ct. 2!!$%http&''a(cdioses.noneto.com'escan'dioses"'ginungagap.htm>.

“candinaian Mythology.” Microsoft Encarta Reference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M.Microsoft0orporation. "99$J2!!2.

“Li-ing +rt.” Microsoft Encarta Reference ibrary !""#. 0?J4#M. Microsoft0orporation.

"99$J2!!2.

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Scandinavia - Historical Cultural Geography & Mythology

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