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ISGF Technology Session
Improving System Reliability throughAutomating Rural Feeders and
Substations
Amit Sharma27th April 2012
Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Sectionalizers
Amit Sharma24th Nov 2011
Schneider Electric 3- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Overhead Faults ● 60% - 70% of faults are of a transient (temporary) nature:
•Conductors clashing in the wind
•Tree branches falling on overhead conductors
•Animals or birds getting curious
•Careless motor vehicle drivers
•Lightning strikes
•Operating error : leaving earths connected etc
• Some are more permanent:
An “auto-reclose” cycle should clear the fault
“lock out” of the section
Schneider Electric 4- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
What is a Recloser ?
● A Recloser is a protection device:● For overhead power lines● It is a circuit breaker with more arduous
test & install conditions● Designed to RECLOSE on to a fault.
● Terminology● The “auto-reclose” cycle
●Will detect a fault and open for a pre-programmed time, before closing again automatically●This cycle can be repeated 3 times●Lockout typically on the fourth trip
Schneider Electric 5- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
What is a Sectionaliser ?
● A Sectionaliser is a switch:● It is used in conjunction with an upstream “recloser” or “circuit breaker”● It counts the interruption created by a recloser during a fault sequence.
● On a preset count●trips during the dead time of the up stream recloser●Isolates a faulty network section
Schneider Electric 6- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Benefit to the Customer● Improved reliability of power supply
● Quality of supply● Automatic recloser function - supply restoration after temporary faults
● Reduced outage time ● Minimise revenue loss
● Event Log and Remote control ● Reduce cost of fault finding● Better knowledge of the network
● Reduction in the number of customer complaints
MV NETWORK MANAGEMENT
Schneider Electric 8- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- why improve MV distribution?
● To obtain the best possible power quality
The main issue is to reduce outage time and cost to the utility and its customers
Schneider Electric 9- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- how can outage time be reduced?
● By improving MV networks:
● By improving the MV networks management:
Large number of shortsections
Redundant networks Reliable components…
With Fault Passage Indicators (FPI’s) Or with remote controlled load break switches Or with fully automated reclosers and sectionalizers
Schneider Electric 10- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
- different types of devices
R2
Schneider Electric 11- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- overhead networks: types of faults● Temporary
faults● Permanent
faults
80% 20%
Schneider Electric 12- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- temporary faults
● Temporary faults can be cleared by the use of Automatic Circuit Reclosers (ACRs)
Schneider Electric 13- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric 14- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15 s
C
O
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric 15- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15 s
C
O15 s
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric 16- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15 s
C
O15 s
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric 17- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15 s
C
O15 s
15 s
Time
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric 18- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
15 s
C
O15 s
15 s
Time2 mn
100%
- temporary fault: one recloser
Schneider Electric 19- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R1
- temporary fault: TWO reclosers
R2
Schneider Electric 20- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R1Network A- 50%
Network B- 50%
Network B
Time
- temporary fault: TWO reclosers
R2
Schneider Electric 21- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- permanent faults
Permanent faults cannot be cleared by automatic reclosing
To manage “permanent faults”, the best solution is to add some
“sectionalizers”
Schneider Electric 22- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
5H – 6H
100%
- case 1: no network automationPermanent fault
Schneider Electric 23- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
5H – 6H
100% 95%
- case 1: no network automationPermanent fault
Schneider Electric 24- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
R
- case 2: addition of non-communicating fault passage indicators (FPI)An FPI for each branch of the network
Add an FPI around each major «obstacle»…
Schneider Electric 25- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 3: addition of communicating FPIs
R
Put several communicating FPIs in strategic locations
Schneider Electric 26- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 4: addition of communicating FPIs and remote controlled load break switches
RT
TT
T
T remote controlled load break switchesCommunicating FPI
Schneider Electric 27- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches
R
Schneider Electric 28- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches
● S1 = opens after ONE reclosing operation ● S2 = opens after TWO reclosing operations● S3 = opens after THREE reclosing operations● S4 = opens after FOUR reclosing operations
Sectionaliser load break switches are always associated with a recloser or circuit breaker:
Schneider Electric 29- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S1
1 1
1 S2
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
Schneider Electric 30- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S1
2 2
2 S2
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
Schneider Electric 31- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3
S2
S1
2 2
2 S2
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
2’
Schneider Electric 32- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
S4
S3
S3 S2
S2
S1
- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break switches
R
Permanent fault
2’ 60’
75%
95%
Schneider Electric 33- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- summary of overhead networks 1/2Permanent fault
95%Case 2
A recloser
+ FPIs3 h
6 h
95%
Case 1
A recloser
95%Case 3
A recloser
+ FPI with Com1h30
Schneider Electric 34- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
- summary of overhead networks 2/2Permanent fault
95%
1h
2’
75 %Case 5
A recloser
and sectionalizers
95%
1h
10’
70 %Case 4: A recloser,
remote controlled switches
and FPI with Com
Schneider Electric 35- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
●SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) can vary from a few minutes to several hours,
●SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) can vary from 1 to 10 and more, depending on :
● population density (rural or urban area)● proportion between underground and overhead distribution● maximum accepted costs for non distributed energy
Excellent Average Poor Urban area < 10 mn 30 mn >2 hrsRural area < 30 mn 2 hrs >10 hrs
Permanent Interruptions (>1 mn)
SAIDI/SAIFI variations – Quality Power
Schneider Electric 36- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV Unmanned Remote Controlled S/s
Schneider Electric 37- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Compact, Unmanned, Remote controlled 33/11 KV S/s with 2 transformers each up to 10 MVA.
● Half space than a conventional s/s.● Economic as very less civil work.● Saving in execution time and costly land in urban areas app. ● Remote regular maintenance.● CB,Current & Voltage sensors are life sealed ,insensitive to the environment.● All types of protection OC,EF,UV,OV,OF,UF,DF, measurement
KW,KWH,KVArH, data logging and event recording & self diagnostic facility helps to analyze the system and energy consumption.
● Delivers quality power.● Automatic callout to the remote control station in case of predefined critical
alarms.● Communication with the remote central control station using GPRS Network
or other media like GSM, 3G, PSTN, Leased Lines, Radio, VSAT etc. using established and field proven IEC 60870-5-104. Scalable to SCADA.
● Sub-station will have a unique aesthetic view in a crowded city.
Schneider Electric 39- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV unmannedRemote controlled s/s within 25Mx15M space
Schneider Electric 40- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV s/s at Judges Filed Guwahati with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Transformers.
Schneider Electric 41- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33/11 KV S/s at Kamakhya, Guwahati with 2x5MVA Trfr.
Schneider Electric 42- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Unmanned 33/11 KV , 10 MVA s/s at Nalagarh, HP
Schneider Electric 43- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Pole mounted 11 KV Breakers/AR ( Sub station Application)
Schneider Electric 44- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Channel Mounted 33 KV Breakers (SS Aplication)
Schneider Electric 45- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Typical layout of 33/11 KV s/s with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Trfr.
Schneider Electric 46- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Architecture – GPRS
Future Substations (up to 30 nos.)
14 ” L C D
Remote Accessto maintenance
staff
ADSL Line
Substation # 1
Ethernet Switch
Leased Line
B r e a k e rC on t ro lC ub ic le
B r e a k e rC o n t ro lC u b ic le
B r e a k e rC o n t ro lC u b ic le
B r e a k e rC o n t ro lC u b ic le
B r e a k e rC on t ro lC ub ic le
Rs232 toEthernet
Converters(If required)
RS 232or
Ethernet Port
RS 232Nulec Direct
Protocol
RS 232Nulec Direct
Protocol
RS 232Nulec Direct
Protocol
RS 232Nulec Direct
Protocol
1
SEPAMT-87
EnergyMeters
Twisted Pair Cu
CA
T 5
RS 485 (Modbus)
2 3 4 n
GPRS Router
Ethernet Switch
Leased Line
CA
T 5
GPRS Router
14 ” L C D
Control Center
ADSL Line
M2MGateway
GPRS Cloud
Schneider Electric 47- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Architecture – ASEB (Judge’s Field S/S)
GPRS(DHBVN’s Scope)
GPRS M2M Gateway Leased Line with Static IP
VPN Tunnel
Nulec Direct TCP/Modbus
VPN Tunnel using Remote Moblie VPN
WSOSSMS
or3rd party SCADA
Judge’s Field S/S
Judge’s Field S/S
Protocol GatewayTwo way with Dynamic IPsService provider independent VPNData encryptionFirewallScalable to any third party SCADA
Schneider Electric 48- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV Remote controlled VCB- substation application
Schneider Electric 49- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV substation and feeder breaker
Schneider Electric 50- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33 KV breaker in 33/11 KV S/S with 33/11 KV transformer
Schneider Electric 51- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV outdoor VCB Breaker in Pandav-Nagar ( Delhi)
Schneider Electric 52- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
33KV Pole Mounted Breaker protecting a 10 MVA 33/11 KV Transformer
Schneider Electric 62- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Make the mostof your energy™
Schneider Electric 63- Energy – MONTHLY REVIEW
Thank You!!