SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5 THIRD QUARTER DLA # 1 TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS AND PARTS OF PLANTS CONCEPT NOTES: Plants are described as organisms that are eukaryotic, multi-cellular, autotrophic, have cell wall, possesses chlorophyll. The major parts of the plants are the roots, stem and leaves. Roots anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water. The stem supports the leaves and flowers; they also conduct food and water to various parts of the plant. The leaves make food for the plant. Modified roots, stems and leaves perform many other functions.
Transcript
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 1
TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS AND PARTS OF PLANTS
CONCEPT NOTES:
Plants are described as organisms that are eukaryotic, multi-cellular,
autotrophic, have cell wall, possesses chlorophyll.
The major parts of the plants are the roots, stem and leaves.
Roots anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water.
The stem supports the leaves and flowers; they also conduct food and water
to various parts of the plant.
The leaves make food for the plant.
Modified roots, stems and leaves perform many other functions.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 2
TOPIC: CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS: VASCULAR AND NONVASCULAR
CONCEPT NOTES:
Plants are classified into two big groups: the vascular and the
nonvascular plants.
Nonvascular plants lack conducting tissues for transporting water, nutrients
and photosynthetic products.
Examples of nonvascular plants are moss, hornwort and
liverwort.
Vascular plants have conducting tissues called xylem which conducts water
and nutrients from the roots to the different parts of the plants and phloem
which conducts glucose from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
Examples of vascular plants are flowering plants, spore-bearing
plants and seed-bearing plants.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 3
TOPIC: CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS: VASCULAR PLANTS
CONCEPT NOTES:
Vascular plants are divided into two groups the spore-bearing and the seed-
bearing plants.
Spore-bearing plants include ferns , horsetails and club mosses.
Seed-bearing plants have two distinct groups : the
gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms are plants that have seed but not developed within fruits like
pine cones and cycads.
Angiosperms are plants that develop their seeds within a fruit.
All flowering, fruit-bearing and seed-bearing plants are called
angiosperms.
Examples of angiosperms are mango, rose, eggplant etc.
Flowering plants are divided into two groups: the monocot an dicot.
Monocot plants have seed with one cotyledon. Examples are corn, coconut
and orchids.
Dicot plants have seeds with two cotyledon. Examples are sampaguita,
mango, atis.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 4
TOPIC: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CONCEPT NOTES:
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants in producing glucose by
utilizing sunlight and raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water.
The leaves are the main organ of plants where photosynthesis occurs.
Photosynthesis consists of two reactions: the light-dependent phase and the
light-independent phase.
Photosynthesis starts in the light-dependent phase in which light energy
from the sun excites the chlorophyll enabling this energy to be trapped.
This energy is then used to split the water
molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atom.
The light-independent phase happen when the hydrogen atom is
combined with carbon dioxide to produce glucose.
Glucose supply the plant with energy. It is converted into starch as stored
food. Glucose is used in making proteins.
The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in plants is known as
evapotranspiration.
A very important by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 5
TOPIC: PLANT ADAPTATION FOR SURVIVAL –
STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION
CONCEPT NOTES:
Plants have structures/characteristics that adapt them to certain
environmental conditions.
Physical defenses of some plants against animals include thorns,
spines, prickles and poisonous hairs.
Chemical defenses of some plants against animals include
poisonous substances in leaves or fruits, and silica making the
leaves hard to chew.
Plants prevent too much water loss by having a waxy outer layer on their
leaves like gabi, banana and anahaw plants and by
shedding their leaves on certain seasons.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 6
TOPIC: PLANT ADAPTATION FOR SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT
CONCEPT NOTES:
Plants live on places where water, light, carbon dioxide, soil, temperature
and space are available.
Some plants live on specific places.
Mesophytes are plants that grow on land. Most plants are mesophytes.
Hydrophytes are plants that live on the surface of the water like the water
cabbage, water lily and the lotus plant.
Xerophytes are plants that live on very hot and dry places like the desert.
Examples of xerophytes are cactus and succulent plants that have the ability
to store water in their fleshy stems.
Epiphytes are plants that grow in places where it is wet, moist and humid
like the trunk, branches and ground roots of big trees.
Bryophytes and ferns are examples of epiphytes.
Aerophytes generally grow while hanging on stems or bushes of
other plants like the orchids.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 7
TOPIC: PLANT BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION
CONCEPT NOTES:
Tropism is plant’s response to environmental factors around it. There are
various types of tropism: phototropism, hydrotropism,
geotropism, chemotropism and thigmotropism.
A tropism is positive when a plant or its parts respond toward
the direction of the stimulus while it is negative if it responds away from
the stimulus.
Phototropism happens when plant responds to light.
Hydrotropism is plant’s response to water.
Geotropism is plant’s response to gravity.
Chemotropism is plant’s response to various chemicals.
Thigmotropism is plant’s response to touch.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 8
TOPIC: PLANT ADAPTATION: SEED DISPERSAL
CONCEPT NOTES:
Fruits and seeds have adaptations for being dispersed to
different places.
Seed dispersal is the scattering of seeds from places to places it
is also another method of propagating plants.
Seeds have different adaptation for dispersal. Some seeds have
hair, wing structures, hooks others have shell that made them
float on water.
Seeds or fruits can be dispersed by wind, water animals, birds and people.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 9
TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
CONCEPT NOTES:
Plants provide innumerable benefits to man.
We get aesthetic benefits from plants as they beautify our surroundings.
Recreational benefits we get from plants are through sports and
bonding activities like picnics.
Plants maintain air quality by using CO2 and producing O2.
Plants regulate climate as they control the amount of CO2 that warms
our planet.
Plants serve as habitat and food to various organism in our planet.
Various plants are source of food, medicine and industrial products.
Erosion is controlled by plants as their roots hold the soil in place.
Plants improve the quality of water since they filter sediments that can reach
the bodies of water.
When we save plants we save our future.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 10
TOPIC: BASIC COMPOSITION OF MATTER
CONCEPT NOTES:
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Atom is the smallest particle of matter. It is composed of three
sub-atomic particles: electron, proton and neutron.
Electrons are the surrounding negatively charged particles of an atom.
Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron are uncharged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
The nucleus is the central part of an atom.
Matter has four phases: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.
These phases differ in the arrangement of their molecules.
The molecules of solid are close to each other leaving no space
between them. Examples are wood, paper, glass, etc.
Liquids have widely arranged molecules. The spaces between
molecules are much bigger in liquids than in solids. Examples
are water, oil, sauces, etc.
The molecules in gas are widely arranged, permitting materials
to pass through it. Examples are vapour, hydrogen, oxygen, helium, etc.
Plasma is a charged or ionized gas. Examples are lightning,
the northern lights etc.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 11
TOPIC: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CONCEPT NOTES:
General properties of matter are mass, volume and density.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Mass is different from weight because it is constant while the
latter vary on location as the gravity pulls an object.
Volume is the space occupied by an object.
Density is the mass for every volume of an object.
The special properties of solid are: porosity, ductility, brittleness, elasticity,
malleability, flexibility, luster, magnetic, electrical and thermal.
The special properties of liquid are: fluidity, viscosity, capillarity,surface
tension and changing its phase.
The special properties of gas are: diffusibility, compressibility, low density.
pressure.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 12
TOPIC: CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER: PURE SUBSTANCES
CONCEPT NOTES:
There are two classes of matter: pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is a matter consisting of atoms that are chemically combined. Pure substances have two subclasses: elements and compounds. An element is the simplest form of matter made up of only one type of atom. Examples are gold, silver, oxygen. When two or more elements are chemically combined, they are considered compounds. Examples are NaCl (sodium chloride), H2O (water) SiO2 (sand). Elements and compounds are pure substances because they cannot be separated by physical means like boiling or filtering. Elements are classified into metals, non-metals and metalloids. Metals are solid elements (except mercury, which is a liquid metal). They are generally lustrous, malleable and good conductors of electricity like iron(Fe), cooper(Cu) and zinc(Zn). Non-metals are mostly liquid or gas in nature. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Examples are oxygen (O2), hydrogen(H) and helium(He). Metalloids bear the characteristics of metals and non-metals . Metalloids are semiconductors. They can conduct electricity at certain conditions. Examples are Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge) and Polonium (Po). Compounds are categorized into two: organic and inorganic. Organic compounds are compounds with carbon atom like crude oil, gasoline, carbohydrates, fats and protein. This is the reason why living things decompose.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 13
TOPIC: CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER: MIXTURES
CONCEPT NOTES:
When two or more substances are combined physically, they form a mixture.
A mixture consists of two or more substances that are not
chemically combined so they can be separated.
There are ways to separate components of mixtures: picking, sieving or
filtering, decanting, evaporating, freezing or cooling, and use of magnets.
In a mixture, observable part/s with distinct set of properties is
called phase.
When components of a mixture are uniformly distributed such as there is
only one phase, it is considered homogeneous.
Examples of homogeneous mixtures are salt solution, sugar solution and
coffee.
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures in which one substance (solute) is
dissolved by the other (solvent).
Heterogeneous mixtures occur when two or more phases are present in a
substance.
Examples of heterogeneous mixtures are oil and water, fruit salad, halo-
halo and viands.
There are two kinds of heterogeneous mixtures suspension and
colloid.
Solubility is the rate of how a solute dissolve to a given solvent.
Factors that affect solubility are pulverizing or powdering, stirring
and heating.
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 5
THIRD QUARTER
DLA # 14
TOPIC: CHANGES IN MATTER
CONCEPT NOTES:
Physical change refers to the change in the phases and physical properties of matter. Temperature plays an important role in physical change.
Physical change can also be deposition (gas to liquid) or sublimation (solid to gas). Chemical change refers to the change in the overall chemical properties and identity of matter. Examples: burning, rusting, digestion of food, cooking, decaying of organic matter etc. Physical and chemical changes has good and bad effects.
