Science

Changing EarthChapter 2

a fracture in the Earth’s lithosphere

fault

a force

applied by

an object

stress

ground shaking caused by movement

along a fault

earthquake

rock block slides up and pushes together

along a fault

rock block slides down and pulls

apart along a fault

sideways movement along a fault plane

the vibration caused by an earthquake

seismic waves

the underground point where rocks

begin to move

point on the Earth’s surface directly above

fault movement

1st waves to reach a

location in an

earthquake

slower waves; move objects at

right angles

destructive waves trapped

near Earth’s surface

the instrument

which records ground

movement

seismograph

the power of an earthquake

mag

nitude

a smaller earthquake that follows a more

powerful one

aftershock

when an earthquake causes loose, wet

soil to act as a liquid

liquefaction

a water wave caused by an earthquake

tsunami

a section of fault having

fewer earthquakes

seismic gap