Science Final

Which of the following statements are true for energy pyramids?

a. Available energy decreases as you move up trophic or feeding levels

b. Available matter decreases as your move up trophic or feeding levels

c. Energy is lost at each level through activity and heat

d. All of the abovee. a and b only

What are the characteristics of life?

• React or respond• Reproduce• Cells• DNA• Grow• Energy use

How can you tell from looking at an energy pyramid which are predators and which are prey?

Predators will always have a smaller population than prey and therefore be higher on the pyramid.

How can you tell from looking at an energy pyramid which are producers and which are consumers?

Producers will always be on the lowest level of the pyramid and have the largest population.

What are the 7 classification groups?

Which group contains organisms with the

most characteristics in common?

Species

What is the process in which plants make their own food?

•Photosynthesis

What products are produced during photosynthesis?

•Oxygen•Glucose(sugar)

What products are produced during cellular respiration?

What is the basic unit of life?

A Cell

Which cell organelle is the storage area?

Which cell part turns raw materials and energy into food?

Which cell part contains the directions for making new cells?

Which cell part turns food into energy?

Which cell structure allows materials in and out of the cell?

Which cell structure supports and protects the cell?

Which cell structures allow the cell to move? (there are 3)

How can you tell the difference between plant and animal cells?

How does water get into and out of a cell?

•Osmosis

How do nutrient molecules get into and out of a cell?

How do large materials get into and out of cells?

How does carbon from the environment get into plants? How does carbon get into Animals?

How does carbon in plants get back into the environment?

How does carbon in animals get back into the environment?

How does nitrogen from the environment get into plants?

How does nitrogen get into Animals?

How is nitrogen from living things returned to the environment?

What are the levels of organization of life starting with the smallest level?

How do decomposers get nutrients?

By breaking down the bodies of dead organisms

What, if anything, is wrong with this diagram?

• Arrows are in the wrong direction

• They are suppose to show the direction in which nutrients or energy flow

• Show where the food goes

Identify 2 things that would happen if the frog was removed from the food chain?•Owls would suffer and die off due to not having a food source.

• Insects would increase in population due to not being eaten by frogs

• Many plants that grow in tropical rain forests have specialized roots that anchor them to the branches and trunks of trees. They do not harm the trees. These plants get food and water from various sources, including the air and dead organic matter found on the trees. One example of these plants found in tropical rain forests is the bromeliad. Its leaves form a cup-like structure that is able to hold water. This water provides a feeding and breeding area for many insects and frogs. Snakes and lizards also come to these plants in search of food and water. A cross-section showing the inside of a bromeliad is shown to the right. What is the relationship between the plant and the animals?

A. Predator –prey, B. Mutualism, C. ParasitismD. Commensalism E. Competition

• Desert plants and animals have specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment. An example is the Saguaro cactus. The Saguaro has a shallow root system with a main taproot and other roots that radiate out and collect surface water. The trunk of the Saguaro has the ability to expand while storing water. The sweet-nectar flowers of the Saguaro attract white-winged doves, bats, and other animals. These animals feed on the nectar. Cross-pollination occurs when the pollen of a flower is carried to a flower on another plant. The illustration below shows the Saguaro cactus. Which of these best describes the ecological relationship between white-winged doves and the Saguaro cactus?

• A. mutualism• B. competition• C. parasite–host• D. predator–prey

The mole rat is an animal that avoids predators by living underground. Its long claws and teeth allow it to dig deep holes. Scientists believe the ancestors of the mole rat lived above ground and had shorter claws and teeth.Which of these processes resulted in the long claws and teeth found in the modern mole rat?

A. natural selectionB. selective breedingC. genetic engineeringD. asexual reproduction

Which of the following could be considered to be limiting factors for a population?

• depletion of food• destruction of habitats• disease• natural disasters• pollution• population increase• building housing developments and shopping centers

Match the term with the correct picture:

natural selection selective breeding

The principle of genetic inheritance •Genes/traits pass from parent to offspring•Only 50% of each parents genes are transferred to an individual offspring•The combination of the parents traits in the offspring cause each offspring to vary from the parents and from sibling offspring

During sexual reproduction one sperm cell unites with one egg cell to produce a fertilized egg that develops into a new organism.Which of the following statements best describes how an offspring receives genetic information from its parents?

A. The offspring receives half of its genes from each parent.B. The offspring receives all the genes from each parent.C. The offspring receives more genes from the male parent

than from the female parent.D. The offspring receives more genes from the female parent

than from the male parent.

What are the names of the two cells that contain half the amount of the normal amount of chromosomes?

•Sperm & Egg

During sexual reproduction, a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell to form a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg then develops into a new organism.Which statement describes the primary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A. Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring.B. Sexual reproduction results in less adaptable offspring.C. Sexual reproduction generates a large number of offspring.D. Sexual reproduction results in genetic variation in

offspring.

Identify each structure.

? ?

In humans the trait of having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f).Which genotype and phenotype are correctly paired?

A. FF—no frecklesB. Ff—no frecklesC. Ff—frecklesD. ff—freckles

A species of birds lives on an island. The thickness of the birds' beaks varies within the population. The birds feed mainly on seeds from plants. Birds with thinner beaks can eat only small seeds. Only birds with thicker beaks can crush and eat large seeds. There are many small seeds during years with more rain. During dry years, there are very few small seeds and many large seeds. The large seeds are harder to crush than small seeds.

•In which two years were beaks the thickest?

1980 & 1982

A species of birds lives on an island. The thickness of the birds' beaks varies within the population. The birds feed mainly on seeds from plants. Birds with thinner beaks can eat only small seeds. Only birds with thicker beaks can crush and eat large seeds. There are many small seeds during years with more rain. During dry years, there are very few small seeds and many large seeds. The large seeds are harder to crush than small seeds.

•What year was the wettest? Explain how you came to that conclusion.

1984

The table below shows some of the differences and similarities among these groups of vertebrates. According to the table, which of these vertebrates are most closely related?

Mammals Birds Reptiles Theropoddinosaurs

# of bones in ear

3 1 1 1

Legs directly under body

Yes Yes No Yes

Produce milk

Yes No No No

Constant temp

Yes Yes No yes

Live birth Yes Yes No yes

Skin covering

Hair Scales & feathers

Scales Scales & feathers

A. mammals and modern reptiles

B. theropod dinosaurs and modern reptiles

C. mammals and theropod dinosaurs

D. birds and theropod dinosaurs

Many organisms have structures for protection and survival.Which structure is most similar to tree bark? A. bird beakB. bear clawsC. human skinD. snake fangs

They all perform

excretion!

What function do all of the following body systems have in common?•Circulatory•Respiratory•integumentary

Which stage of cell division is shown in the picture below?

Cytokinesis

What is the final product of mitosis?

2 identical nuclei

What am I?

•Electron

What am I?

•Proton

What am I?

•Neutron

Which body system is responsible for exchanging gasses between the organism and the environment? •Respiratory•

Muscles can only do two things. What are they?

•Contract•Relax

Identify the colored groups. •Red?•Blue?•Yellow?•metals•non metals•metalloids

What do all of the elements in the same group or family have in common?

They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell or valence

which makes them have similar properties.

What is the genotype of the parents?

Hh x hh

In this type of relationship one organism benefits and the other is harmed but usually not killed. Name the relationship.

Parasitism

•Red blood cell – I carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide to the lungs

What am I and what’s

my job?

•White blood cell – I fight infections

What am I and what’s

my job?

A group of atoms bound together is called ... a

Molecule