Science STAAR Review

Matter Types of Energy

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Classifying Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space• Matter has physical properties that can be observed

mass magnetism physical state relative density solubility Ability to insulate or conduct heat Ability to insulate or conduct electricity

Mass• Mass is the amount of matter in an object

Magnetism

• The property of attraction to a magnet• Some metals are strongly magnetic, such as• Iron • Cobalt • Nickel

• Not attracted to a magnet • Aluminum• Copper• Plastic • Wood

Physical State

Density

• Objects with a density greater than water sink.• More Dense

• Objects with a density less than water will float. • Less Dense

Solubility

• Solubility is the ability of a solid (the solute) to dissolve in a liquid (the solvent)• Salt• Sugar

• When one substance dissolves into another, we have a solution

Insulators of Heat and Electricity

• To insulate energy means to prevent the transfer of energy

• Does not allow heat or electricity to pass.

Conductors of Heat and Electricity

• To conduct energy means to transfer energy.• Allows heat or electricity to pass from the

object.

Properties of Water

• Waters freezing point (liquid to a solid) is 0 degrees Celsius

• Waters melting point (solid to a liquid) is 0 degrees Celsius

• Waters Boiling point (liquid to a gas) is 100 degrees Celsius

Changes from Heat

• Adding heat means to increase the temperature of matter

• Taking away heat (cooling) can change the state of matter

Mixtures

• Some materials, when mixed together, maintain their physical properties such as iron filings and sand

• Mixtures can be separated

Solutions

• Some materials, when mixed together, undergo changes in their physical properties, such as salt dissolving in water

• Must be separated through the process of evaporation

Energy

• Energy is the ability to do work• There are different types of energy• Mechanical• Sound• Thermal• Electrical• Light

• We can use different types of energy• Bicycles, stereos, computers, lamps, and toasters all

use different types of energy at one time

Mechanical Energy

• Energy possessed by an object due to its motion or position

• All movement is mechanical energy.

Sound Energy

• created when an object vibrates and sends these vibrations through air

• Sound energy requires a medium, such as air or water to transmit, which is why sound does not travel in space

Thermal Energy

• Also known as Heat energy • The higher the temperature the faster the

particles, or molecules, of an object are moving

Electrical Energy

• Electricity flows in a closed path to form a circuit, and stops when the circuit is broken

• Conductors-copper, aluminum, and steel• Insulators- rubber, plastic, glass, wood, and

cloth

Electrical Energy

• electricity can produce light, heat, and sound when flowing through a circuit.

• electric current flows to a TV, both sound and light are produced

• electric current flows to a toaster, the heating element wires get hot enough to turn bread a toasty brown.

Light Energy

• Light travels in straight lines

Light Energy

• Light is reflected when it bounces off of mirrors or shiny surfaces

• Opaque- light can’t pass• Translucent- Some light

can pass• White- reflects light• Black- absorbs light

Light Energy

• Light is refracted, or bends, when passing from one medium to another, such as from air into water

• Transparent- allows light to pass

Science Tools

• Metric Ruler- 10 millimeters is 1 centimeter • Used to measure length, width, height,

distance

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• Celsius Thermometer - The Celsius thermometer measures temperature

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• Spring Scale - Weight is measured in metric units of Newtons (N) using a spring scale. Weight is the force that gravity pulls on an object

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• Graduated Cylinders and Beakers - measure and compare metric volumes of liquids using a graduated cylinder or beaker in units of liters (L) or milliliters (mL)

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• Triple Beam Balance and Pan Balance- Used to measure Mass in Grams

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