Science Teaching Junkiemrblucher.weebly.com/uploads/9/9/0/3/99036176/... · ©2012 Science Teaching...

©2012 Science Teaching Junkie www.teachingjunkie.blogspot.com

Science Teaching Junkie


Thank you for your purchase. I hope you enjoy the Force and Motion for Interactive Science Notebooks! It includes 30 pages of foldables and flippables for student notebooks. Many pages also include a Teacher Answer Key. Please don’t hesitate to contact me with

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Admit and Exit Tickets

3 2 1 things I learned things that were

surprising question I still

have


Force

What is force? How is it

measured?

What 2 things does

every force have?

How can forces

affect an object?

Describe and give examples of:

Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces


Motion Represented Graphically

Show how the motion is graphically represented (include units for both the distance and the time). On the back, give a real-world example of the motion and add any additional description (optional).

No movement - At rest

Dis

tance

Time

Constant speed

Dis

tance

Time

Positive Acceleration

Dis

tance

Time

Negative Acceleration

Dis

tance

Time


Force Ne

t For

ce =

____

___

____

___

__

Net F

orce

= __

____

___

___

____

Ne

t For

ce =

____

___

____

___

__

Net F

orce

= __

____

___

___

____

Ne

t For

ce =

____

___

____

___

__

Net F

orce

= __

____

___

___

____

3N

3N

3N

2N

5N

6N

5N

Net F

orce

= __

____

___

___

____

5N

4N

3N

4N

4N

3N

6N

COMB

ININ

G FO

RCES

De

term

ine th

e net

forc

e (s

ize an

d dire

ction

)


Newton’s Laws

Third Law of Motion - Law of Action—Reaction

Second Law of Motion - Law of Force & Acceleration

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Cut out each rectangle. Stack on top of each other, slightly raising each one so that the law title shows. Glue in notebook.

First Law of Motion - Law of Inertia


Inertia

Inertia

Example

Non-Example

Illustration

Definition/Description

The center square may be cut out completely and glued into the notebook to become the center of the template; or only 3 sides of the square may be cut, leaving it attached to one of the tabs.


Inertia

Explain Newton’s First Law in terms of why we wear seatbelts.

You

are

driv

ing

dow

n th

e ro

ad a

t 50

mile

s pe

r ho

ur.

Wha

t for

ces

are

pres

ent?

Wha

t has

iner

tia?

What will happen?

Why? Law

of

Iner

tia

What is the relationship

between inertia and

mass?

You suddenly slam on the brakes to avoid a deer.

Explain what happens to y

our body and why. W

hy do w

e wear seatbelts?


How

well

do I

underst

and N

ew

ton’s

Second L

aw

: Law

of F

orce a

nd A

ccele

rati

on?

A toy car pulled by a little boy has an acceleration of

3.0 m/s2. What is the mass of the car if the net force on the car is

10 N? Show your work.

Why is it harder to throw a bowling ball than

it is to throw a baseball?

Explain the relationship between force, mass

and acceleration.

Newton's Second Law of Motion: Law of Force and Acceleration

Second Law of Motion


Newton's Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction

Action Desc

ribe

the

forc

e pa

irs

pres

ent w

hen

a ro

cket

laun

ches

.



What do I understand about… Newton's Third Law of Motion:

Law of Action–Reaction?

Question 1

How does the third law help a swimmer swim through the water?



If force pairs are always opposite, explain why they don’t always cancel each other out.

Question 3

Describe the action and reaction forces at work when a volleyball player serves the ball.

Question 2



There are many forces that we can’t see acting on objects all the time. List as many “invisible” forces as you can.

Question 4


Newton’s Laws at Work

Second Law

at Work

Describe a play in your favorite

sport.

First Law at Work

Newton at Work in Sports

New

ton at Work in Sp

orts N

ewto

n at

Wor

k in

Sp

orts

Newton at Work in Sports

Third Law at Work


Defi

ne, giv

e e

xam

ple

s &

unit

s fo

r each

Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration

Speed

Acceleration

Velocity


Physical Science Equations

Equation in symbols:

F = m · a Equation in words:

SI Units of Measurement:

meters per second,

m/s (speed) meters, m (distance) seconds, s (time)


joules, J (work) newtons, N (force) meters, m (distance)

Equation in symbols: W = m · g

Equation in words:


Calculating Work C

alc

ula

ting

Work,

Force &

Dis

tance

A f

orc

e o

f 10

0

New

tons

was

necess

ary

to lif

t a r

ock. A

tota

l of

150

joule

s of

work

was

done.

How

far

was

the

rock lif

ted?

If A

rnold

lif

ts t

he

weig

ht

bar

5

mete

rs a

nd d

oes

60

jo

ule

s of

work

, how

m

uch d

oes

the b

ar

weig

h?

(H

int:

The

weig

ht

of

an o

bje

ct

is

consi

dere

d t

o b

e a

fo

rce.)

Imagin

e t

hat

you

push

a larg

e b

ox

wit

h a

forc

e o

f 10

N

ew

tons,

but

because

the b

ox is

so h

eavy,

it

doesn

’t b

udge.

How

much w

ork

have

you

done?

Imagin

e t

hat

you

push

that

sam

e

box w

ith a

forc

e

of

30

New

tons

over

a d

ista

nce

of

2 m

ete

rs.

How

much w

ork

have y

ou d

one?

Work


Force - KEY

A force is a push or pull. It is

measured in units called Newtons (N).

Every force has

a magnitude (strength)

and a direction.

Forces can set a stationary object in motion, change a

moving object’s speed and/or direction, or act on a stationary object by changing it’s shape. (like when you sit on an inner tube and the sides

bulge out).

Describe and give examples of:

Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

These forces cause no change in motion. And object that is moving will maintain its speed and direction if balanced forces are acting on it. An object that is not moving will stay motionless. Ex: A book on a table will stay at rest.

These forces cause a change in the motion of an object. A motionless object will begin to move, while an object that is already moving will change its speed and/or direction Ex: A ball rolling on the ground will come to rest because friction between the ball and the ground creates an unbalanced force.


Motion Represented Graphically

Show how the motion is graphically represented (include units for both the distance and the time). On the back, give a real-world example of the motion and add any additional description (optional).

No movement - At rest

Dis

tance

Time

Constant speed

Dis

tance

Time

Positive Acceleration

Dis

tance

Time

Negative Acceleration

Dis

tance

Time


Force Ne

t For

ce =

9N

; rig

ht

Net F

orce

= 0

N; n

o m

o-

Net F

orce

= 3

N; r

igh

t

Net F

orce

= 1

N; r

igh

t Ne

t For

ce =

8N

; rig

ht

Net F

orce

= 0

N; n

o m

o-

3N

3N

3N

2N

5N

6N

5N

Net F

orce

= 9

N; u

p

5N

4N

3N

4N

4N

3N

6N

COMB

ININ

G FO

RCES

De

term

ine th

e net

forc

e (s

ize an

d dire

ction

)


Newton’s Laws

Third Law of Motion - Law of Action—Reaction

Second Law of Motion - Law of Force & Acceleration

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Cut out each rectangle. Stack on top of each other, slightly raising each one so that the law title shows. Glue in notebook.

First Law of Motion - Law of Inertia

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in

motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity (same speed and same direction) unless acted upon by an

unbalanced (outside) force.

The acceleration of an object by a force is

inversely proportional to the mass of the object and directly proportional to the

force.

F= ma

For every action, there is an equal

but opposite reaction. Forces

come in pairs.


Inertia

Inertia

It is harder to push an

elephant than to push a ladybug.

Accept all reasonable responses

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.

The greater an object’s mass, the greater its inertia and the larger the force needed to

overcome the inertia.

The center square may be cut out completely and glued into the notebook to become the center of the template; or only 3 sides of the square may be cut, leaving it attached to one of the tabs.


Inertia

Explain Newton’s First Law in terms of why we wear seatbelts.

Ever

ythi

ng in

the

car,

inclu

ding

the

driv

er, a

re tr

avel

ing

at a

spe

ed o

f 50

mph

. Th

e tir

es a

re p

ushi

ng b

ack

on

the

road

, whi

le th

e ro

ad p

ushe

s th

e tir

es f

orw

ard.

What will happen?

Why?

Law

of

Iner

tia The great-

er the mass, the greater

the inertia.

The card will fly away and the coin will fall into the cup.

This will happen because Newton’s First Law states that an object at rest will remain at rest, unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. In this case, everything is at rest until your finger flicks the card. If the force is great enough, only the card will go flying (and not the coin) because the card is the only thing that received the force. Note: If the force applied to the card is not great enough, the friction between the card and the coin will be greater causing both objects to move together.

When you slam

on the brakes, your body and everything in the car continues to travel straight dow

n the road at a speed of 50 mph. This

is why w

e wear seatbelts. The seatbelt is intended to stop the forw

ad m

otion of your body, so that you don’t go flying through the w

indshield.


How

well

do I

underst

and N

ew

ton’s

Second L

aw

: Law

of F

orce a

nd A

ccele

rati

on?

m = F ÷ a m = 10N ÷ 3.0 m/s2 m = 3.3 kg

Because a bowling ball has more mass, it also has more inertia. Therefore, it takes

more force to overcome the inertia of the

bowling ball than the baseball.

The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of the object meaning that as one increases, the other decreases by the same ratio. (Ex: The greater the mass of

an object, the less acceleration it will have (assuming the force remains the same). The acceleration of an object is directly

proportional to the force which means that as one increases, the other increases. (ex: The harder you throw a ball, the greater the

acceleration.)

Newton's Second Law of Motion: Law of Force and Acceleration

A given force exerted on a small mass

produces a greater acceleration than the same

force exerted on a large mass.

Second Law of Motion

Teacher note: Fold this flap down



Action Desc

ribe

the

forc

e pa

irs

pres

ent w

hen

a ro

cket

laun

ches

.

the combustion products from the burning

propellants accelerate rapidly out of the engine

downwards (Rocket pushes gases

downward.)

The rocket, in turn, is forced skyward and slowly accelerates.

(Gases push the rocket upward.)



What do I understand about… Newton's Third Law of Motion:

Law of Action–Reaction?

Question 1

How does the third law help a swimmer swim through the water? As the swimmer pushes the water backwards, the water pushes the swimmer forwards.



Question 3

If force pairs are always opposite, explain why they don’t always cancel each other out. The reason is that action and reaction forces act on dif-ferent objects. For example, think about throwing a ball. When you throw a ball, you apply the action force to the ball, creating the ball’s acceleration. The reaction is the ball pushing back against your hand. The action acts on the ball and the reaction acts on your hand. The forces do not cancel because they act on different objects. You can only cancel forces if they act on the same object

Describe the action and reaction forces at work when a volleyball player serves the ball. As the player’s hand pushes forward on the ball, the ball pushes back on her hand.

Question 2



There are many forces that we can’t see acting on objects all the time. List as many “invisible” forces as you can. Gravity, friction, air resistance, magnetism

Question 4


Defi

ne, giv

e e

xam

ple

s &

unit

s fo

r each

Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration

Distance traveled

by an object in a

given amount of time

Change in an object’s speed or direction (its

velocity) over time. If an object is speeding

up, slowing down, or changing direction, it is

accelerating. Scientists refer to speeding

up as positive acceleration and slowing

down as negative acceleration.

An object’s speed and

direction at a given

instant (ex: the car is

traveling 50 m/s north.)


Physical Science Equations


F = m · a Equation in words:

Force equals mass times acceleration


meters per second,

m/s (speed) meters, m (distance) seconds, s (time)


joules, J (work) newtons, N (force) meters, m (distance)

Equation in symbols: W = m · g

Equation in words:

Weight equals mass times acceleration due to gravity


Newtons, N (force) Kilograms, kg (mass) meters per second

squared, m/s2 (acceleration)


s = d ÷ t Equation in words:

Speed equals distance divided by time


W = F · d Equation in words:

Work equals force times distance


Newtons, N (weight) Kilograms, kg (mass) meters per second

squared, m/s2 (acceleration)


Calculating Work C

alc

ula

ting

Work,

Force &

Dis

tance

D =

W ÷

f

D =

150

J ×

10

0 N

D

= 1

5,0

00

m

You h

aven’t

done a

ny

work

(0

joule

s). In

ord

er

for

work

to b

e

done, a f

orc

e m

ust

be

applied t

o a

n o

bje

ct

and t

he o

bje

ct

must

m

ove a

dis

tance.

W =

F ×

d

W =

30

N ×

2 m

W

= 6

0 J

oule

s

F

= W

÷ d

F

= 6

0J ÷

5 m

F

= 1

2 N

or

2.7

pounds

(There

are

4.4

48 N

in

one p

ound)

Work

Work is accomplished when force is applied to an object and the object moves a distance. Work is measured in newton-meters, more commonly called joules (J).

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