Science & Technology Center for Integrated Quantum Materials
http://CIQM.Harvard.edu http://CIQM.org
Harvard University – PI Robert Westervelt Howard University – co-PI Gary Harris
Massachusetts Institute of Technology – co-PI Ray Ashoori Museum of Science, Boston – co-PI Carol Lynn Alpert
Semiconductor Technology
12/6/13& 2&
1950 &1960 &1970 &1980 &1990 &2000 &2010&
NV#Center#Diamond#
Graphene#
Topological#Insulators#
QUANTUM#MATERIALS#
future#
Mission
12/6/13& 3&
Transform electronics and photonics to 2D atomic layers, electron surface states and single-atom devices:
Quantum Materials Atomic Layers: Graphene, BN, MoS2 - ultrafast devices Topological Insulators – protected data Nitrogen Vacancy Center Diamond – atomic memory
Broader Impact Attract young students to careers in science & engineering.
Engage public audiences in the quest for new frontiers. Commercialize sciences - new technologies & products
Amir%Yacoby%
Quantum Materials Research
12/6/13& 4&
NV&Diamond&
Atomic&Layer&
Materials&
Topological&lnsulators&
Ray$Ashoori$
Gary%Harris%
Jennifer'Hoffman' Charles(Hosten( P"Jarillo"Herrero" Jing%Kong% Tomas&Palacios& Robert'Westervelt'
Tito%Huber%
J"Moodera"
Nuh$Gedik$
Evelyn'Hu' Marko&Loncar& Mikhail'Lukin'
David&Bell&
Tina%BrowerThomas%
Silvina'Ga)ca'
B"I"Halperin"
Eric%Heller% L"Levitov" S"Richardson"
Donhee&Ham&
Liang&Fu&
Alan%Aspuru%Guzik%
Science & Education Community
12/6/13& 5&
Naomi&Brave&Kathryn(Hollar(Prince&
George's&CC&
Gallaudet&University&
Mt&Holyoke&College&
Wellesley&College&
Olin&College&
Bunker&Hill&CC&
Fawwaz%Habbal% Joe$Lassiter$
NISE&Network&
Industrial&&&Venture&Partners&
Harvard&MIT& Howard&
Museum&of&Science&
Harvard&InnovaUon&
Lab&
Tina%BrowerThomas%
Carol&Lynn&Alpert&
Kathy&Aidala&
Robbie&Berg&
David&Macaulay&
Sco$%Sinex%
Paul%Sabila%
$120&round&trip&
R"Chris(anson"
JoDe%Lavine%
12/6/13& 6&
Bringing#public#and#school#audiences#faceDto#face#with#leading#scienFsts#and#engineers…#Award&winning&Current&Science&&&Technology&(CS&T)&Center&developed&by&CIQM&Co\PI&&&Carol&Lynn&Alpert&
Headquarters:&NaFonal#Center#for#Technological#Literacy#
Nanoscale#Informal#Science#EducaFon#Network#Intel#Computer#Clubhouse#Network#
A&non\profit,&community&organizaUon&&
Gary&Harris&on&CS&T&Stage&
Harvard Innovation Lab
12/6/13& 7&
Commercializing-Science-Fawwaz&Habbal&–&SEAS&Exec&Dean&
Joe&Lassiter&–&Faculty&Chair&
ilab.harvard.edu&
Bagen&Hall&
Industrial Partners
12/6/13& 8&
Graphene and other Atomically-Thin Layered Materials
9&
The World of Atomically-thin 2D-Layered Materials
10&
Tabletop&RelaUvisUc&Physics&
Electronic&properUes&dramaUcally&change&with&number&of&layers&
Hexagonal&Boron&Nitride&(hBN)&
Molybdenum&Disulphide&(MoS2)&
Thinnest&Insulator&&&tunnel&barrier& <&1&nm&!&
Graphene&(G)&
New Concept: Atomically Thin Layered Materials
MBE&machine&in&Jagadeesh&Moodera’s&lab&(MIT)&
11&
From&the&Nobel&Museum&
Graphene(for(THz$Electronics$
12&App
licaU
ons&
Chemical&analysis& Security& Astronomy&
• Long&electron&mean&free&path&in&graphene&+&magneUc&field&steering&of&electron&trajectory&!&&PotenUal&for&solid&state&magnetron&
THz#emiLer#
Jarillo&\&MIT& Ashoori&\&MIT&Palacios&\&MIT& Levitov&\&MIT&
THz#detector#• p\n&interface&magnetoplasmons.&
• THz&detecUon&at&room&temperature&
CVD Growth of Graphene, hBN, MoS2 heterostructures
13&
Kong&\&MIT& Gary%Harris%
Single-layer MoS2 for Wireless Sensors
14&
MoS2 Integrated Circuits
New,&flexible&wireless&sensors&
Palacios&\&MIT&JKong&\&MIT&
T.&Palacios,&J.&Kong,&!et!al.!Nano!Le+.!(2012)&
S.&Baei&et.&al.,&Nature!Nano&(2010)&
CVD Growth of Graphene for Large Area Flexible Electronics (Samsung Electronics)
Topological Insulators Nuh&Gedik&
16&Ray&Ashoori& David&Bell& Liang&Fu& Nuh&Gedik& Jennifer&Hoffman& P&Jarillo&Herrero& J&Moodera&
Can quantum Hall physics occur without a magnetic field?
Electron&spin&
Nuclear&E\field&
v#
Stationary observer
Moving observer
E →!+B!
Largest effect in heavy elements
-B!
Spin-orbit coupling
17&
The 2D quantum spin Hall insulator
S#
N#
N#
S#
Theoretical prediction (Kane and Mele 2005)
Zero#magneFc#field#
E&
kx&
EF&
Bloch##levels#
First realistic materials proposal HgTe/CdTe (Bernevig, Hughes, Zhang 2006)
Experimental confirmation (Konig, Molenkamp et al. 2007)
18&
The 3D topological insulator
Theoretical prediction
Fu & Kane (2006) Moore & Balents (2006) Roy (2006)
S
N
N
S
The surface is a topological version of graphene
2D surface metal is immune to strong disorder
Intimate connection between charge and spin
First genuinely 3D topological phase, zero magnetic field
Liang&Fu&(MIT)&
19&
Novel Time-of-flight ARPES
6 eV
Wang!et!al.!Phys.-Rev.-Le7.-107,!207602&(2011)&&
Gedik&(MIT)&&3D band and spin mapping!
20&
Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
Gary&Harris&Evelyn&Hu& Marko&Loncar&Mikhail&Lukin& Amir&Yacoby&S&Richardson& Dan&Twitchen& Alan&Asparu&Guzik&
Its#color#centers#make#diamond#excellent##
Quantum-Material-
natural#
natural#
syntheFc#Atom\like&defect&with&special&properUes:&
NegaFvely#charged#NitrogenDVacancy#(NVD)#color#center:###a&carbon&vacancy&next&to&a&nitrogen&atom&+&addiUonal&electron;&
Stable#source#of#photons#at#room#temperature:&&emits&red&(637\750nm)&when&excited&with&green&(532nm)&
natural#
S=1 2.87GHz!
≈ 600- 800 nm
non-radiative, "non-spin-preserving!radiative, "
spin-preserving!
metastable"singlets!
ground-state"triplet!
electronic"excited states!
vibronic "continuum!
vibronic "continuum!
&NV–#:&localized&electronic&spin&state&(S=1)&with&T2#>#1ms#at&room&temperature!!!&&
&Atom\like&energy&levels&coupled&by&opUcal&andµwave&transiUons&
2.87 GHz!NV– "
S=1
23&
T.&M.&Babinec,&et&al,&Nature!Nanotechnology,!5,&195&(2010)&B.&M.&Hausmann&et&al,&Diamond!and!Related!Materials,&19,&621&(2010)&B.J.M.&Hausmann*,&T.M.&Babinec*,&J.T.&Choy*,&New!J.!Phys,!13,&045004&(2011)& 24&
Marko&Loncar& Mikhail&Lukin& Amir&Yacoby&
NV&at&the&diamond&nanowire&Up&
image#of#magneFc#domains#magneFc#disk#
Monolayer&
Bilayer&
Many\layers&
Monolayer&
Many\layers&Scanning&NV&fluorescence:&
150&nm&
OpUcal&Image:&
Substrate&
25&Amir&Yacoby&
Photo&Credit:&J.I.&Cirac,&Max&Planck&InsUtute&of&Quantum&OpUcs&
The Dream: Scalable Quantum Networks
#Wrap#Up#
Graphene & Atomic Layer Materials
12/6/13& 28&
1 nm
THz#emiLer#
Quantum&Confinement
Graphene#plasmonics#
Topological Insulators
12/6/13& 29&
Create&magneUc&monopole!&
Qi&et&al,&Science&323,&1184&&(2009)&
Majorana&fermions&&&&&&&&&Topological&quantum&compuUng&
TI&crystal&&growth&
NV Centers in Diamond
12/6/13& 30&
single&crystal&diamond&growth&
NV#
13C#
1&bit&on&1&spin&at&RT&
NV&diamond&&magneUc&imager&
Diamond(nanowires(
Graphene:-High&mobility,&transparent&Flexible&Displays,&RFID&Tags&
MoS2-family:-Thinnest&semiconductors&Ultra\Low\power&Flexible&&(Opto\Electronics)&
Topological-Insulators:&Protected&metallic&surface&state.&Manipulate&the&spin,&no&heat&generaUon&in&the&device&
NitrogenGvacancy-Diamond:-TransducUon&and&Spintronics&
Challenges
• Stacked atomic layers – assembly and growth • Atomic layer devices – sensors, ultrasmall, ultrafast • Topological insulator (TI) surface probes • TI material growth – low internal conductivity • NV center memory arrays in diamond • Ultra-sensitive, ultra-sharp NV magnetometers • Integrated atomic layer / TI / diamond systems
– atomic layers – ultrafast devices – TI materials – topologically protected data – NV diamond – atomic scale memory
Alan&Aspuru&Guzik&
Amir&Yacoby&
B&I&Halperin&
Tina&BrowerThomas&Carol&Lynn&Alpert&
Charles&Hosten&
David&Bell&
David&Macaulay&
Evelyn&Hu&
Fawwaz&Habbal&
Eric&Heller&Gary&Harris&
J&Moodera&
P&Jarillo&Herrero&Jennifer&Hoffman&
Jing&Kong& Joe&Lassiter&
Kathryn&Hollar&
Kathy&Aidala&
L&Levitov&
Liang&Fu&
Marko&Loncar& Mikhail&Lukin&
Naomi&Brave&
Nuh&Gedik&
Robbie&Berg&
Robert&Westervelt&Paul&Sabila&
Ray&Ashoori&
Scog&Sinex&
Silvina&GaUca&
S&Richardson&
Tito&Huber&
Tomas&Palacios&
JoDe&Lavine&
Donhee&Ham&R&ChrisUanson&
