Scientific Base for Determination of Scientific Base for Determination of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones in CroatiaNitrate Vulnerable Zones in Croatia
CASEECASEE--ConferenceConference““The EU Strategy for the Danube region The EU Strategy for the Danube region –– with specific emphasis onwith specific emphasis onLand and Water Management and the EnvironmentLand and Water Management and the Environment””
April 28th April 28th –– 29th, 2011, St. Istvan University. G29th, 2011, St. Istvan University. Gööddööllllöö. Hungary. Hungary
Milan Mesic1, Davor Romic1, Stjepan Husnjak1, Zdenko Milan Mesic1, Davor Romic1, Stjepan Husnjak1, Zdenko Loncaric2, Milan Poljak1Loncaric2, Milan Poljak1
1 University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25,1 University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected]@agr.hr2 University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Faculty of Agriculture, 2 University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaOsijek, Croatia
Starting pointStarting point
Land use map Land use map Groundwater vulnerability map, Groundwater vulnerability map, Data base from ground and surface Data base from ground and surface
water monitoring program water monitoring program –– to to present the density of monitoring present the density of monitoring points. points.
Starting pointStarting point
Consumption of mineral nitrogen Consumption of mineral nitrogen -- according to FAO database according to FAO database -- agricultural land agricultural land : :
–– according to the FAOSTAT database according to the FAOSTAT database –– CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database.CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database.
QUESTION 1QUESTION 1
How agriculture influence water How agriculture influence water contamination with nitrogen?contamination with nitrogen?
QUESTION 2QUESTION 2
Which kind of data and research Which kind of data and research programs do we need for the programs do we need for the estimation of agricultural influence estimation of agricultural influence on water contamination with on water contamination with nitrogen?nitrogen?
QUESTION 3QUESTION 3
What can we do in order to What can we do in order to decrease agricultural influence on decrease agricultural influence on water contamination with water contamination with nitrogen?nitrogen?
Land Land use use mapmap
Agricultural area, Arable land and Agricultural area, Arable land and Permanent crops, Croatia, 1992Permanent crops, Croatia, 1992--20082008
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1992. 1993. 1994. 1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008.
Agricultural area (1000 ha) - 1992 - 2001
Agricultural area (1000 ha) - 1996 - 2008
Arable land and Permanent crops (1000 ha) - 1992- 2001
Arable land and Permanent crops (1000 ha) - 1996- 2008
GroundGroundwater water
vulneravulnerability bility mapmap
Map of Map of piezometers piezometers
and and meteorologimeteorological stationscal stations
Fertilizer use in Croatia, Fertilizer use in Croatia, 19681968--2005.2005.
y = 55,133x3 - 4493,8x2 + 96324x + 164366
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1968
. 19
70.
1972
. 19
74.
1976
. 19
78.
1980
. 19
82.
1984
. 19
86.
1988
. 19
90.
1992
. 19
94.
1996
. 19
98.
2000
. 20
02.
2004
.M
iner
al fe
rtili
zer c
onsu
mpt
ion,
t
World mineral N consumptionWorld mineral N consumption
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
10000019
61/6
2
1963
/64
1965
/66
1967
/68
1969
/70
1971
/72
1973
/74
1975
/76
1977
/78
1979
/80
1981
/82
1983
/84
1985
/86
1987
/88
1989
/90
1991
/92
1993
/94
1995
/96
1997
/98
1999
/00
2001
/02
2003
/04
2005
/06
Total straight NTotal N
Wheat production in CroatiaWheat production in Croatia
Area under wheat and yields of wheat, Croatia, 1885-2002.
y = -2,2859x3 + 441,92x2 - 14308x + 332980R2 = 0,7403
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
1885
.
1900
.
1910
.
1920
.
1930
.
1940
.
1950
.
1960
.
1970
.
1980
.
1990
.
2000
.
Year
Are
a, h
a, P
rodu
ctio
n, t
Area under wheat, ha
Wheat production, t
Poly. (Wheatproduction, t)
Water indicator Agricultural activity Collection place
Use of plant nutrient (N+P)
The use of agricultural land, Consumption of mineral fertilizers, Content of N and P in mineral
fertilizers, Organic fertilizers Application per hectare, quantity, time and method of
application
Recorded at farms, counties, basins
Concentration of N and P in rivers
Assessment of agricultural ratio as a source of dispersed pollution By the monitoring plan
Nitrogen load
The use of agricultural land, Consumption of mineral fertilizers, Content of N in mineral
fertilizers, Production and application of organic fertilizers by livestock type and manure
management, Content of N in organic fertilizers. Application per hectare, quantity, time and
method of application. Crop yield, N balance,
Calculation model using the specific data from perennial field research and relevant
base data
Phosphorus load
The use of agricultural land, Consumption of mineral fertilizers, Content of P in mineral
fertilizers, Production and application of organic fertilizers by livestock type and manure
management, Content of P in organic fertilizers.
Calculation model using the specific data from perennial field research and relevant
base data
Concentration of nitrate in ground water
Assessment of agricultural ratio as a source of diffuse pollution
By the monitoring plan, especially for vulnerable
areas
According to BEHRENDT et al.According to BEHRENDT et al.
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17369330cpsidt=17369330
A change of the total emissions from A change of the total emissions from 393 kt a393 kt a--1 N in the 1950s to a 1 N in the 1950s to a maximum of 923 kt amaximum of 923 kt a--1 N in the mid 1 N in the mid 1980s and a recent value of about 756 1980s and a recent value of about 756 kt akt a--1 N were estimated for the total 1 N were estimated for the total Danube Basin.Danube Basin.
According to BEHRENDT et al.According to BEHRENDT et al.
It can be concluded that the present It can be concluded that the present load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and total nitrogen (TN) of the (DIN) and total nitrogen (TN) of the Danube into the Black Sea is about 1.9 Danube into the Black Sea is about 1.9 times higher than in the 1950s. times higher than in the 1950s.
The maximum DIN load (1980) was The maximum DIN load (1980) was 2.2 times higher than in the 1950s.2.2 times higher than in the 1950s.
Contribution of Contribution of Agriculture?Agriculture?
Do we have enough information?Do we have enough information? Do we have specific research Do we have specific research
programs?programs?
Nitrogen application Nitrogen application –– good, bad good, bad and necessaryand necessary
ConclusionConclusionss
According to FAO the consumption of According to FAO the consumption of nitrogen from mineral fertilizers in Croatia nitrogen from mineral fertilizers in Croatia from 1992 to 2001 ranged from 30 to 56 kg from 1992 to 2001 ranged from 30 to 56 kg N haN ha--11 to agricultural land or from 60 to 105 to agricultural land or from 60 to 105 kg N hakg N ha--11 to arable landto arable land
FFrom 1996 to 2008 ranged from 46 to 133 rom 1996 to 2008 ranged from 46 to 133 kg N hakg N ha--11 to agricultural land or from 78 to to agricultural land or from 78 to 181 kg N ha181 kg N ha--11 to arable land. to arable land.
ConclusionConclusionss
Apart from quantity of applied Apart from quantity of applied nitrogen fertilizers on agricultural nitrogen fertilizers on agricultural farms in Croatia more attention should farms in Croatia more attention should be dedicated to the be dedicated to the application application techniques and their timing as well as techniques and their timing as well as the relevant education of farmersthe relevant education of farmersreferring to the use of most efficiently referring to the use of most efficiently nitrogen fertilization. nitrogen fertilization.
ConclusionConclusionss
According to available data and According to available data and presented maps, presented maps, extra efforts should extra efforts should be undertaken to objectively define be undertaken to objectively define the causes and sources of pollution of the causes and sources of pollution of surface and ground watersurface and ground water before final before final determination of vulnerable areas in determination of vulnerable areas in CroatiaCroatia..
THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION!THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION!