Scientific management and its principles

Presented by-Neeraj Bhandari

Biography of Frederick_Winslow_Taylor

Taylor was born in 1856 to a wealthy Quaker family in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

In 1872, he entered Phillips  Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire , with the plan of eventually going to Harvard and becoming a lawyer like his father. In 1874, Taylor passed  the Harvard entrance examinations with honors.

 

Taylor became an apprentice patternmaker and machinist, gaining shop-floor experience at Enterprise Hydraulic Works  in Philadelphia (a pump-manufacturing company whose proprietors were friends of the Taylor family). Taylor finished his four-year apprenticeship  and in 1878 became a machine-shop laborer at  Midvale Steel Works.

From 1890 until 1893 Taylor worked as a general manager and a consulting engineer to management for the Manufacturing Investment Company of Philadelphia  In 1911, Taylor introduced his The Principles of Scientific Management  paper to the American mechanical engineering society, eight years after his Shop Management paper. On October 19, 1906, Taylor was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Science  by the University of Pennsylvania

 In early spring of 1915 Taylor caught pneumonia and died, one day after his fifty-ninth birthday, on March 21, 1915.

Introduction-

F.W. TAYLOR, an american laid the foundation of scientific management.

According to him , ’scientific management is the art of knowing exactly what you want your men to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way’.

FOUR PRINCIPLE OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Replacing rule of thumb with science

Harmony and cooperationDivision of work and responsibility

Training and development of workers

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT~I. Replacing rule of thumb with science-Each and every job and the method of doing should be based on scientific study and analysis rather than on trial and error . This principle says that we should not get stuck in a set and continue with the old techniques of doing we should be consultancy experimenting to develop new techniques which make the work simpler.

II. Harmony and cooperation~Management should adopt a positive attitude within an organisation and share the gains of productivity with workers. Workers on their part should work with discipline and loyalty. As per this principle, such an atmosphere should be created in the organisation that labour(the major factor of production) and management consider each other indispensable.taylor has referred as a ‘mental revolution’.

III. Division of work and responsibility~Management should concentrate on planning the job of workers and workers should concentrate on the performance of their specific jobs so as to increase their efficiency . According to this principle , all the activities done by different people must be carried on with a spirit of mutual cooperation. Taylor has suggested that the manager and the worker should jointly determine standard.This increases involvement and turn,increases responsibility.

IV. Training and development of workers~Workers should be selected and trained keeping in the view the job requirements. Each and every worker should be encouraged to develop his full potential. According to this principle , the efficiency of each and every person should be taken care of right from his selection. A proper arrangement of everybody’s training should be made . IT should also be taken care that each individual be alloted work according to his ability and interest.

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