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Scientific Method IScientific Method II. Steps In Scientific Method
I. Observation/ProblemII. HypothesisIII. ExperimentIV. Data CollectionV. ConclusionVI. Retest Theory
II. Observation/ProblemI. Must be testableII. Ex. Are Canaries prettier than blue birds? Not
Testable!!III. In the form of a sentenceIV. Ex. Do bean seeds grow faster when fed
compost or fertilizer?III. Hypothesis
I. Must be testableII. Answers the observation ? and predicts an
outcome of the experiment.III. If…..independent variable, then ….dependent
variableIV. Ex. If given compost, then bean plants will
grow faster than those given fertilizerIV. Experiment
I. Set of procedures to test a hypothesisII. Must be numberedIII. No Pronouns (I, he, she…etc.)
11
Scientific Method Scientific Method IIII
13
I. Data CollectionI. Control Group
I. Group not exposed to variable being testedused for comparison
II. Ex. Plant 1 is not given compost or fertilizer
II. Experimental GroupI. Group exposed to variable being testedII. Ex. Plant 2 is given fertilizer and Plant 3
is given compostIII. Independent Variable
I. Factor being changedII. Always on the x-axisIII. Ex. Plant 1, Plant 2, Plant 3
IV. Dependent VariableI. Factor that is measured/observedII. Always on the y-axisIII. Ex. Plant growth
V. Either qualitative (pictures) or quantitative (numbers)
VI. Data organized in charts and graphs
Scientific Method Scientific Method IIIIII
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I. Data Collection
I. ChartsI. Must have both independent and
dependent variablesII. Must have Title
Plant A Plant B (fert) Plant C (comp)Day 10 1 cm 2 cm 3 cmDay 20 2 cm 3 cm 4 cmDay 30 3 cm 4 cm 5 cmDay 40 4 cm 5 cm 6 cmDay 50 5 cm 6 cm 7 cm
Amount of Growth (aka Dependent Variable)
Independent Variables
Plant Growth Over Time
Scientific Method IIIScientific Method III
13
I. Data CollectionI. Graphs
I. X-axis independent variable and Y-axis dependent variable
II. Line Graph I. Used to show changes in dependent
variable (plant growth) over time.II. Must have title, x-axis title (with units)
and y-axis title (with units)
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Growth of Plant A Over Time
Time (Days)
Pla
nt
Heig
ht
(cm
)
Scientific Method Scientific Method IIIIII
13
III. Multiple Line Graph I. Used when measuring several
different dependent variables II. To show how they change relative to
one another.III. Must have titles and legend
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Growth of Bean Plants over Time
Plant A (Control)
Plant B (Fertilizer Added)
Plant C (Compost Added)
Time (Days)
Pla
nt H
eig
ht (c
m)
Scientific Method IIIScientific Method III
13
IV. Bar Graph I. Use it when a set of measurements
can be split into discrete and comparable groups
II. To show the relative change between these groups.
III. Must have titles and legend
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Average Plant Growth over 50
Days
Plant A (Control)
Plant B (Fertilizer Added)
Plant C (Compost Added)
Plant A Plant B Plant C
Avera
ge G
row
th in
Centim
ete
rs
Scientific Method Scientific Method IIIIII
13
V. Multiple Bar GraphsI. Use it to separate the dependent
variable within each group and II. Demonstrate its exact variation
among them.III. Must have titles and legend
Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Day 40 Day 50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8Plant Growth Over Time
Plant APlant BPlant C
Time (Days)
Heig
ht
(cm
)
Scientific Method IIIScientific Method III
13
VI. Pie GraphI. When showing parts of a whole..i.e.
percentagesII. Must have a title and a legend
Percentage of Colors in a Skittles Bag
Red
Orange
Green
Yellow
Purple
Scientific Method Scientific Method IVIV
13
I. ConclusionI. Claim
I. Restate your hypothesisII. Ex. If given compost, then bean plants
will grow taller than those given fertilizer. II. Evidence
I. Accept or reject your hypothesisII. Use the numbers from your chart and
graph to explain why.III. Plant C which was given only compost
grew to a maximum height of 5 cm, Plant B which was given fertilizer grew to a maximum height of 4cm and Plant A which was given nothing at all grew to a maximum height of 3cm. Therefore, the hypothesis is accepted.
III. ReasoningI. Scientifically explain WHY what
happened occurred.II. Fertilizer contains only trace elements
such as phosphorous, nitrogen and sulphur while compost contains decaying matter which can provide many complex organic nutrients for a bean plant. Therefore, the plant treated with compost grows taller.
Scientific Method Scientific Method IVIV
13
I. RetestI. Verify resultsII. Creation of Theory
II. ReviewI. Observation/ProblemII. HypothesisIII. ExperimentIV. Data CollectionV. ConclusionVI. Retest Theory