Scientific Naming System Part I Nomenclature Video AP1.3
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What is the difference between an element and a compound?
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Definitions Elements cannot be broken down by physical or
chemical changes. Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that
can be broken down by chemical change. What type of matter can be
broken down by physical changes?
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Ions Ions are elements with a charge. The reference table lists
these charges for each element. If the element is positive, it is
called a cation. Cations are named the same as the element.
(Example: Ca=Calcium and Ca +2 =Calcium ion) If the element in
negative, it is called an anion. Anions are named ending with -ide
(Example: N=Nitrogen and N -3 = Nitride ion)
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You try: Mg +2 K + O -2 F - Li + I -
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Binary Compounds Binary Compounds consist of only two of
elements. To name: write the complete name of the first element.
The second element should then be named, ending in -ide. NaClsodium
chloride KIpotassium iodide MgCl 2 magnesium chloride Ca 3 N 2
calcium nitride
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Remember: When naming, always name the positive, cation first
and then the negative, anion last.
Slide 8
You try Li 3 P Al 2 S 3 SrBr 2 Rb 2 O BaSe CsI
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Problem: FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 are different compounds but seem to
have the same name. How can we name them different? FeCl 2 is iron
(II) chloride FeCl 3 is iron (III) chloride. What do the roman
numerals represent?
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Transition Metals and nonmetals Transition Metals are in the
middle group of the periodic table. Nonmetals are on the right side
of the staircase. They have multiple charges or oxidation numbers
and so you must show which charge you are using with roman
numerals: I II III IV V VI VII
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General Rule First Column:+1 Second Column:+2 Third Column:+3
Fourth Column:+4 Fifth Column:-3 Sixth Column:-2 Seventh Column:-1
Eighth Column:0
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Careful: This rule doesnt ALWAYS work for cations. Find the
anions charge and equalize that with the cations charge.
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Try these FeCl 2 CuF ZnO N 2 O 3 SO 3 PCl 3 CH 4
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Criss-cross Rule To write a formula, write the two ions
separately showing their charges. Charges are on the periodic
table. Then, swap the two numbers and drop the sign: Calcium
nitride:Ca 2+ N -3 Ca 3 N 2 Lithium oxide:Li + O -2 Li 2 O Notice,
we dont write ones!
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Try these Potassium iodide Magnesium chloride Aluminum sulfide
Hydrogen oxide Barium selenide Cesium phosphide Strontium phosphide
Copper (II) flouride Iron (III) telluride
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Other Compounds When compounds have more than 2 elements, it
contains a polyatomic ion. AgNO 3 silver nitrate CaCO 3 calcium
carbonate LiClO 2 lithium chlorite NaOHsodium hydroxide (NH 4 ) 3
PO 4 ammonium phosphate
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You try K 2 SO 4 CsNO 2 Ba(SCN) 2 SrClO 3 Al(HCO 3 ) 3
RbCN
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Try These Name:Write the formula: FeSCNNickel (III) Nitride
CoCl 3 Manganese (II) sulfite NiBr 2 Zinc sulfate CuOTitanium (II)
carbonate MnI 4 Gold (III) oxide Ag 2 SIron (III) Chloride
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Tricks for memorization: Memorize the -ates Any similar
polyatomic with one more oxygen is a perate. Any similar polyatomic
with one less oxygen is a ite. Any similar polyatomic with two less
oxygens is a hypoite.
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Another note Occasionally you may see transition metals named
using the old English system. You will not be tested on this, but
it may be useful to keep in mind when reading
textbooks/worksheets/etc. Rule: The ion with the smaller charge
will end in ous and the ion with the larger charge will end in ic.
All other naming rules still apply. Example: Ferrous Fe +2 Ferric
Fe +3 More names appear in your textbook.
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Scientific Naming System Part II Nomenclature Video AP1.8
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Covalent Compounds Compounds with only nonmetals (elements on
the right side of the staircase). 1mono- 2di- 3tri- 4tetra- 5penta-
6hexa- 7hepta- 8oct- 9non-
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Name or write the formula: NO H 2 O PCl 5 Cl 2 O 7 Carbon
tetrachloride Phosphorous tribromide Silicon dioxide
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Acids Acids generally will start with a hydrogen and have to be
in the aqueous form. Hydrogen ____ ide hydro _____ ic acid Hydrogen
____ ate ______ ic acid Hydrogen per__ ate per______ic acid
Hydrogen ____ ite ______ ous acid Hydrogen hypo_ ite hypo_____ous
acid
Slide 25
Name the acids: HClO 4 HClO 3 HClO 2 HClO HCl HBr HF HI H 2 SO
4 H 2 SO 3 HNO 3 HNO 2 H 3 PO 4