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Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution
EQ: Why do new EQ: Why do new ideas often ideas often spark change? spark change?
Find Lesson Chapter: Find Lesson Chapter: http://nms.schoolsofwestfield.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_954336/File/Chapter%2018%20Enlightenment%20and%20Revolution.pdf
Academic Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution theorytheory geocentric theorygeocentric theory rationalismrationalism scientific methodscientific method hypothesis hypothesis
Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution
A series of events that led to modern A series of events that led to modern science is called the Scientific science is called the Scientific Revolution.Revolution.
Early Scientists Early Scientists
Ancient Greeks had science based on Ancient Greeks had science based on reason (“common sense”); however, reason (“common sense”); however, they did not experiment. they did not experiment. As they study the world they developed As they study the world they developed
theoriestheories, ideas on how something , ideas on how something happens based on observations.happens based on observations.
PtolemyPtolemy (astronomer) created the (astronomer) created the geocentric theory = sun and planets geocentric theory = sun and planets revolved around the Earth. revolved around the Earth.
Activity Activity Read Read The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution (booklet)(booklet)
1.1. What does Ptolemy What does Ptolemy geo-centricgeo-centric theory theory states? states?
2.2. What were people in the Middle Ages most What were people in the Middle Ages most interested in? interested in?
3.3. How did the Arabs and Jews preserve the How did the Arabs and Jews preserve the knowledge of the Romans and Greeks? knowledge of the Romans and Greeks?
4.4. In the 1100s why did European thinkers In the 1100s why did European thinkers become interested in science again? become interested in science again?
5.5. Describe scientific knowledge during the Describe scientific knowledge during the Middle Ages in a 5-6 sentence paragraph. Middle Ages in a 5-6 sentence paragraph.
What brings about the What brings about the Scientific Revolution? Scientific Revolution?
Growth of Growth of UniversitiesUniversities
Italian RenaissanceItalian Renaissance Renewed emphasis Renewed emphasis
on mathematicson mathematics Better scientific Better scientific
instrumentsinstruments Interest in the Interest in the
Islamic World Islamic World
A Revolution in Astronomy A Revolution in Astronomy
European interest in astronomy led European interest in astronomy led to new discoveries and ideas about to new discoveries and ideas about Earth and its place in the universe. Earth and its place in the universe.
Copernicus (1473-1543)Copernicus (1473-1543)
Polish (Poland) Polish (Poland) mathematician mathematician
On the Revolutions of On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheresthe Heavenly Spheres (1543)(1543)
Disagreed with Disagreed with Ptolemy—believed the Ptolemy—believed the sun was the center of sun was the center of the universe (sun-the universe (sun-centered theory)centered theory)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Supported Supported Copernicus theory, Copernicus theory, but made but made corrections corrections
He believed the He believed the planets moved in planets moved in ellipses (oval ellipses (oval paths) rather than paths) rather than circular motion circular motion
Activity: Compare and Activity: Compare and Contrast Contrast
Read a Read a Revolution in AstronomyRevolution in Astronomy
A Revolution in Science A Revolution in Science
In 1500s Europeans thinkers began In 1500s Europeans thinkers began to break with the old scientific ideas.to break with the old scientific ideas.
Science can only be understood Science can only be understood through through experimentationexperimentation..
Led to a revolution in science and the Led to a revolution in science and the search for knowledge. search for knowledge.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Italian scientistItalian scientist Believed knowledge could Believed knowledge could
only be found by only be found by experimentingexperimenting
Believed scientific Believed scientific instruments needed to be instruments needed to be perfected to help humans perfected to help humans explore their world explore their world
Clock, telescope Clock, telescope
Catholic Church Catholic Church condemned him condemned him Bible= Earth central of Bible= Earth central of
universe universe Galileo disagrees Galileo disagrees http://www.history.com/topics/galileo-
galilei
Activity: Galileo Summary Activity: Galileo Summary Write a summary of the video. Write a summary of the video.
HOME LEARNING HOME LEARNING
Imagine that you could interview Galileo Imagine that you could interview Galileo about his work. Write five questions about his work. Write five questions you would like to ask him. You MUST you would like to ask him. You MUST include possible answers to those include possible answers to those questions. questions.
You may find the link here You may find the link here http://www.history.com/topics/galileo-galilei
New Scientific Discoveries New Scientific Discoveries
Scientific revolution led to new Scientific revolution led to new discoveries in physics, medicine, and discoveries in physics, medicine, and chemistry chemistry
Scientific revolution continued to Scientific revolution continued to spread in the 1600s and 1700s. spread in the 1600s and 1700s.
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English mathematician Puts the ideas of
Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo together
Argues for a universe governed by natural laws Principia (1687) Laws of gravity
Gravity holds all the planets in the solar system together
His works led to the creation of Physics
The Triumph of Reason The Triumph of Reason Using the Using the scientific methodscientific method, Europeans of the , Europeans of the
1600s and 1700s developed new ideas about 1600s and 1700s developed new ideas about society.society.
Scientists began to apply science to society. Scientists began to apply science to society. By using reason people could learn how the By using reason people could learn how the
universe works. universe works. Once they know how the world works, then Once they know how the world works, then
humans can fix existing problems and make life humans can fix existing problems and make life better. better.
Rene Descartes (1596-Rene Descartes (1596-1650)1650)
French thinker French thinker Discourse on Method Discourse on Method
(1637)(1637) Forget everything you learn Forget everything you learn
to find “truth”to find “truth” ““I think therefore I am” is I think therefore I am” is
the only truth!! the only truth!! Mathematics was source Mathematics was source
of all scientific truth of all scientific truth Father of Father of rationalismrationalism = =
the belief that reason is the belief that reason is the source of knowledge the source of knowledge
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Father of the Father of the Scientific Method = Scientific Method = an orderly way of an orderly way of collecting and collecting and analyzing evidence analyzing evidence
Ideas on traditions Ideas on traditions should be put aside, should be put aside, and emphasized and emphasized useful knowledgeuseful knowledge
Activity: Layered book of Activity: Layered book of Scientists Scientists
Create a book of Scientists. Create a book of Scientists. Each scientist name must include Each scientist name must include
Name of scientist Name of scientist Nation of birth Nation of birth Discoveries Discoveries Image associated to his discoveryImage associated to his discovery
Scientists: Scientists: Nicolas CopernicusNicolas Copernicus, , GalileoGalileo GalileiGalilei, , Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler, , Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton, , Rene Rene DescartesDescartes, , Francis Bacon Francis Bacon
Consequences of the Scientific Consequences of the Scientific RevolutionRevolution
Rise of the “Scientific Rise of the “Scientific Community”Community”
--Royal Society of --Royal Society of London (1662)London (1662)
--Academy of Royal --Academy of Royal Sciences (1666)Sciences (1666)
The modern scientific The modern scientific methodmethod
A universe ordered A universe ordered according to natural according to natural lawslaws