Scientists of Evolution

People and Ideas That Contributed to the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

BellworkHave slate & marker on desk

1. What are the four parts of natural selection?

2. What are the 3 TYPES of evolution?

3. How can natural selection cause the three types of evolution we learned about yesterday?

4. Name 2 scientists we’ve learned about so far this year

5. What did each of those scientists you named contribute to what we know today?

6. Why is it important to learn about people who made major scientific discoveries?

7. Head to your lab table for next two evidence stations

Finishing coevolution…

• Orchid Wasp video

Natural Selection Quiz

Explain how the FOUR PARTS of natural selection would have caused exaggerated canines. Underline the four parts in answer.

Theories on Evolution

• Where do you think the diverse species of today came from?

• Many people have tried to explain Earth’s biodiversity.

• More than 2000 years ago, the topic of biodiversity was discussed by Greek philosophers.

What is biodiversity?Turn & tell your partner

• 1700’s- a Swiss naturalist published a theory to explain biodiversity.

•His theory:• Periodic catastrophes

had affected the entire planet, and that after each one,

life began anew. • -First to use the word

evolution to describe the development of diverse life forms

Summarize Bonnet’s contributions on your notetaker

Jean Lamarck (a French naturalist)• Challenged

Bonnet’s view.

- reasoned that fossils of extinct animals were the ancestors of those living today.

1) Organisms

constantly strive to

improve themselves.

Lamarck’s hypothesis included.

3 main ideas 3 main ideas 3 main ideas

Lamarck cont.2) Most used

body structures develop whereas unused structures waste away.

Lamarck cont.• 3) Once a structure

is modified by use or disuse, the modification is inherited by the organism’s offspring.

• “The inheritance of acquired characteristics”

EX:His hypothesis explains the evolution (change over time) of the giraffe’s long neck. When short-necked giraffes stretched their necks to reach leaves high on tree, their necks became longer. The longer neck was then passed on to the offspring.

EX:His hypothesis explains the evolution (change over time) of the giraffe’s long neck. When short-necked giraffes stretched their necks to reach leaves high on tree, their necks became longer. The longer neck was then passed on to the offspring.

FAIL

Summarize Lamarck’s contributions on your notetaker

Actually…

• Giraffe’s long necks are the result of sexual selection…. But we’re getting ahead of ourselves!

Wrong, but…• Lamarck is often used as

an example of an incorrect theory of evolution.

• Even though he was wrong about the heritability of acquired traits, he was a top-notch naturalist who made many careful and accurate observations.

• Lamarck published some of his ideas on evolution in 1809

• The same year Charles Darwin was born.

• His work had a strong influence on Darwin.

• Lamarck’s hypothesis about “inheritance of acquired characteristics” was finally disproved by German biologist

August Weisman with

experiments in the 1870’s.

• By using mice Weismann concluded that changes in

an individual during its lifetime do not affect the offspring.

• He concluded that only the germ-line cells (gametes) carry information to the next generation

"901 young were produced by five generations of artificially mutilated parents and yet there was not a single example of a rudimentary tail or any other abnormality of the organ“. -A. Weisman

OUCH!

How can gametes be damaged?Discuss with your neighbor. Come up with at least

2 examples.

Male infertilitylinked

to laptop use?X-Rays must wear lead apron

Some recreational drugs &

medications

Summarize Weisman’s contributions on your notetaker

• 1831 Charles Darwin takes 5-year a trip around the world on a ship called the HMS Beagle.

Gradual geological changes over long periods of time, influence organisms.

Not everything can survive and have

offspring, so there must be winners and losers in

each generation.This led to Darwin’s theory of NATURAL

SELECTION!

On the Origin of Speciesby Means of Natural Selection

• After 20 years of research, Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

• It sold out on pre-order before it reached the book seller.

• It is widely accepted as one of the most important science books ever written.

Summarize Darwin’s contributions on your notetaker

Closure

If Darwin was alive today, what kind of text message would he send Lamarck?