‘Things should start to get interestin’ right about now’
Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada
Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
Sclerotinia resistance and forecasting in canola
Lone BuchwaldtAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Saskatoon Research and Development Centre
Canola Industry meetingDecember 4, 2017, Saskatoon
AAFC’s sclerotinia resistance team
Jonathan Durkin
Edis Dzananovic
Myrtle Harrington
Jackie Nettleton
Linda McGregor
Lone Buchwaldt
Sally Vail
Dwayne Hegedus
Fuyou Fu
VickyRoslinsky
DineyBekkaoui
Jennifer Adam
MissingSanjaya GyawaliHarsh GargBrad Hope Todd Olsen Photo by Branimir Gjetvaj
We have developed tools for breeding sclerotinia resistant canola varieties
˛ Sclerotinia screening method - stem test
˛ Seed of resistant lines
˛Molecular markers linked to sclerotinia resistance
˛ Half way with transfer of sclerotinia resistance to canola quality
˛ Sclerotinia isolates representative of the Canadian population
˛ Cloned defence genes
Contact Todd Olsen for transfer, licencing and/or collaboration [email protected]
Sclerotinia screening method – stem test
The five traits are highly correlated
1) Lesion length 7 dai
2) Lesion length 14 dai
3) Lesion length 21 dai
4) AUDPC ∑ (Yi + Y (i+1) ) / 2 (t (i+1) – ti)
where Yi is the disease rating at time ti
5) % soft + collapsed lesions
0 7 14 21 Days after inoculation
Lesi
on le
ngth
100
75
50
25
AUDPC
Susceptible
Resistant
Most important measurements
WCC/RRC adopted the stem test for coop lines with a claim of sclerotinia resistance
Line % of 45H29
45H29 69 B 100 32 ABL160S - late 58 C 84 29 ABVR9561G 55 CD 80 27 B45S52 53 CD 77 26 BLSD = 8 8
Lesion length 21dai, mm % s+c
Line % of 45H29
45H29 67 BC 100 35 BCL160S 73 B 109 42 ABVR9561G 60 CD 90 33 BC45S52 50 E 74 27 DLSD = 7 10
Lesion length 21dai, mm
% s+c
Results of 7 sclerotinia stem tests in 2014.
Results of 8 sclerotinia stem tests in 2015.
Conclusion:L160S is non sign.VR9561G is non sign. 45S52 is significantly better for lesion length (26% reduction) and % soft + collapsed lesions
Conclusion:L160S is sign for lesion length (16% reduction) VR9561G is sign for lesion length (20% reduction) 45S52 is sign for lesion length (23% reduction)
Sclerotinia reaction in L160S and VR9561G is at the limit of what the stem test can pick up.Higher level of resistance is expected in the next generation of canola varieties.The stem test will be needed in the near future.
Report on stem test evaluation (33 tests) available on Canola Council’s web sitehttp://research.canolacouncil.org/_uploads/documents/CanolaResearchHub_WCC-RRC_2016_Buchwaldt.pdf
Sclerotinia resistant Brassica napus lines
PAK54 (Pakistan)PAK93 (Pakistan)DC21 (South Korea)K22 (Japan)
Request the germplasm! ‘Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right’
10 Material Transfer Agreements have been signed since 2014
High glucosinolate and erucic acid
SNP markers linked to sclerotinia resistance
Bi-parental mapping populations A-genome C-genome Resistance loci
PAK54 A3, A6, A9, A10 C1, C6 7
PAK93 A5, A7 C2, C5, C6, C7 6
DC21 A1, A3 C5 3
K22
Zhongyou 821 A1, A3, A5, A6, A7, A9 C1, C2, C3, C6, C9 11
A world collection of 180 B. napus accessions
A1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9 114
In progress
Needed for marker-assisted-selection of progenies in various generations
Microsatellite markers are published in Gyawali et al. 2016, Mol Breeding, 36:72-85.
SNP markers will be published in 2018
Sheet1
Bi-parental mapping populationsA-genomeC-genomeResistance loci
PAK54 A3, A6, A9, A10C1, C67
PAK93 A5, A7C2, C5, C6, C76
DC21 A1, A3C53
K22 In progress
Zhongyou 821 A1, A3, A5, A6, A7, A9C1, C2, C3, C6, C911
A world collection of 180 B. napus accessionsA1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9114
Sheet2
Sheet3
Transfer of sclerotinia resistance to canola quality background, good agronomy and yield
Seed of the best lines are available throughout the project
SNP-markers have been validated and used in practise
A successful breeding strategy
Sclerotinia isolates used for inoculation: #321, MB51 and AB29
2013 PAK54 (resistant) x N99-508 (canola quality)2014 F1 backcrossed to N99-508
Plants selected based on SNP markers2015 1st DH population 2016 Agronomy, seed quality
Sclerotinia test 1st inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
2017 Agronomy, seed quality, yield Sclerotinia test 2nd DH population
2018 Agronomy, seed quality, yield Sclerotinia test
2019 2nd inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers Agronomy, seed quality, yield Sclerotinia test
2020 3rd DH population Plants selected based on SNP markers Agronomy, seed quality, yield Sclerotinia test
2021 Agronomy, seed quality, yield Sclerotinia test
2022 Agronomy, seed quality, yield Sclerotinia test
2023 Project ends March 31
population developmentmarker-assisted-selectionfield plotsStem inoculation
QTLs
Bi-parental mapping populationsA-genomeC-genomeResistance loci
PAK54 (Pakistan)A3, A6, A9, A10C1, C67
PAK93 (Pakistan)A5, A7C2, C5, C6, C76
DC21 (South Korea)A1, A3C53
K22 (Japan)In progress
Zhongyou 821 (China) A1, A3, A5, A6, A7, A9C1, C2, C3, C6, C911
A world collection of 180 B. napus accessionsA1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9114
cloned genes
Genes cloned from Zhongyou
GenesFunction in host resistanceReduction in sclerotinia severity
Hevein, lectin likePathogen recognition and binding40-50%
Lectin, concanavalin20-50%
Lectin, curculin40%
AnnexinTrafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis, calcium ion channel formation30-40%
WRKY33Regulation of gene transcription20-30%
O-methyl transferaseGlucosinolate pathwaySmall inconsistant effect
PGIPInhibitor of fungal polygalacturonaseNo effect
check list
Twengström et al. 1989Canadian research 2018-2023App maintained 2023 onward
1. mm rainfall in the past 14 daysIn-depth survey of ~400 canola fields over 5 growing seasons will capture relationships between different rainfall patterns and the other risk factorsWeather data and analysis belong to WIN
2. Likelihood of rain in weather forecast
3. Number of years since last canola crop Conclusions regarding the in-depth survey is public information
4. Sclerotinia level in last canola crop
5. Plant density
6. Regional apothecia germination Who will continue this service?
Breeding plan
2013 PAK54 (resistant) x N99-508 (canola quality)population development
2014 F1 backcrossed to N99-508marker-assisted-selection
Plants selected based on SNP markersfield plots
2015 1st DH population Stem inoculation
2016 Agronomy, seed quality
Sclerotinia test
1st inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
2017 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2nd DH population
2018 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2019 2nd inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2020 3rd DH population
Plants selected based on SNP markers
Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2021 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2022 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2023 Project ends March 31
QTLs
Bi-parental mapping populationsA-genomeC-genomeResistance loci
PAK54 (Pakistan)A3, A6, A9, A10C1, C67
PAK93 (Pakistan)A5, A7C2, C5, C6, C76
DC21 (South Korea)A1, A3C53
K22 (Japan)In progress
Zhongyou 821 (China) A1, A3, A5, A6, A7, A9C1, C2, C3, C6, C911
A world collection of 180 B. napus accessionsA1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9114
cloned genes
Genes cloned from Zhongyou
GenesFunction in host resistanceReduction in sclerotinia severity
Hevein, lectin likePathogen recognition and binding40-50%
Lectin, concanavalin20-50%
Lectin, curculin40%
AnnexinTrafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis, calcium ion channel formation30-40%
WRKY33Regulation of gene transcription20-30%
O-methyl transferaseGlucosinolate pathwaySmall inconsistant effect
PGIPInhibitor of fungal polygalacturonaseNo effect
check list
Twengström et al. 1989Canadian research 2018-2023App maintained 2023 onward
1. mm rainfall in the past 14 daysIn-depth survey of ~400 canola fields over 5 growing seasons will capture relationships between different rainfall patterns and the other risk factorsWeather data and analysis belong to WIN
2. Likelihood of rain in weather forecast
3. Number of years since last canola crop Conclusions regarding the in-depth survey is public information
4. Sclerotinia level in last canola crop
5. Plant density
6. Regional apothecia germination Who will continue this service?
Breeding plan
2013 PAK54 (resistant) x N99-508 (canola quality)population development
2014 F1 backcrossed to N99-508marker-assisted-selection
Plants selected based on SNP markersfield plots
2015 1st DH population Stem inoculation
2016 Agronomy, seed quality
Sclerotinia test
1st inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
2017 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2nd DH population
2018 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2019 2nd inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2020 3rd DH population
Plants selected based on SNP markers
Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2021 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2022 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2023 Project ends March 31
Isolates were collected across the Prairies
DNA fingerprinting identified 17 sub-populations
Inoculation with 17 representative isolates showed PAK54 has the highest level of resistance across isolates
Isolates SK35 and AB29 are more aggressive on some lines (arrows)
The 17 sclerotinia isolates are available from AAFC
Sclerotinia isolates for resistance screening
Chart1
AB7AB7AB7AB7AB7AB710.510.50.70.7
3213213213213213218.78.71.91.9
AB3AB3AB3AB3AB3AB328.528.51515
MB35MB35MB35MB35MB35MB3530.630.64.54.5
MB57MB57MB57MB57MB57MB579.99.92.22.2
SK35SK35SK35SK35SK35SK3512.912.918.418.4
SK44SK44SK44SK44SK44SK4412.412.417.817.8
MB21MB21MB21MB21MB21MB2119.519.515.515.5
SK23SK23SK23SK23SK23SK2321.821.814.414.4
MB52MB52MB52MB52MB52MB5212.112.119.519.5
MB61MB61MB61MB61MB61MB617.47.44.34.3
SK14SK14SK14SK14SK14SK145.45.49.19.1
MB51MB51MB51MB51MB51MB5120.720.716.416.4
SK38SK38SK38SK38SK38SK3812.312.322.422.4
SK45SK45SK45SK45SK45SK4516.616.618.618.6
AB19AB19AB19AB19AB19AB1929.829.825.325.3
AB29AB29AB29AB29AB29AB2911.111.110.510.5
Topas
Tanto
DC21
K22
PAK93
PAK54
Sclerotinia isolates
Stem lesion length, mm
35.3
19
10.2
10.8
16.6
12.2
54.2
59.7
42.7
72.7
37.1
17.7
109.8
85.9
110.5
102.9
38.4
44.8
145.3
92.1
63.3
27.5
67.8
22.4
160
93.4
114.3
63.8
47.2
15.9
132.1
71.8
185.4
125.8
57.1
45.7
141.2
70.6
49
33.9
63
44.2
164
120.6
124.2
46
121.7
34.4
179.6
123
66.3
88.2
78
46.7
182.2
118.2
78.4
58.1
71.9
46.4
185.5
123.4
115.6
48
75.8
59.5
214.8
107.5
87.9
42.6
70.4
31.4
223.4
156.8
101.3
93.4
79.9
67
191.2
134.3
158.5
123.3
78.6
62.3
203.8
140.8
128.3
78.9
103.6
84.9
208.8
146
159.3
70.7
137.9
80.1
209.4
153
212.9
100
126.1
106.2
Original
Generated by the SAS System ('SASApp', W32_S08R2) on November 14, 2014 at 2:57:17 PM
2014 disease nursery, 17 sclerotinia isolates on 6 B. npaus lines
culVariableMeanStd DevStd Error
DC21321les7d16.66.63.3
DC21321les14d3115.57.8
DC21321les21d42.722.111.1
DC21321%S+C21.815.47.7
DC21321AUDPCd30.414.97.5
DC21AB19les7d56.214.27.1
DC21AB19les14d93.14.82.4
DC21AB19les21d159.319.910
DC21AB19%S+C72.88.84.4
DC21AB19AUDPCd100.59.34.7
DC21AB29les7d64.417.48.7
DC21AB29les14d11924.912.5
DC21AB29les21d212.927.413.7
DC21AB29%S+C84.24.22.1
DC21AB29AUDPCd128.816.68.3
DC21AB3les7d42.423.811.9
DC21AB3les14d79.545.622.8
DC21AB3les21d110.553.726.8
DC21AB3%S+C59.535.317.7
DC21AB3AUDPCd77.940.520.3
DC21AB7les7d70.20.1
DC21AB7les14d8.621
DC21AB7les21d10.221
DC21AB7%S+C000
DC21AB7AUDPCd8.61.50.7
DC21MB21les7d41.713.26.6
DC21MB21les14d84.729.414.7
DC21MB21les21d124.245.722.8
DC21MB21%S+C56.824.312.2
DC21MB21AUDPCd83.829.214.6
DC21MB35les7d20.99.14.5
DC21MB35les14d39.821.310.6
DC21MB35les21d63.343.621.8
DC21MB35%S+C32.919.39.7
DC21MB35AUDPCd4123.811.9
DC21MB51les7d33.311.25.6
DC21MB51les14d68.532.916.5
DC21MB51les21d101.351.125.6
DC21MB51%S+C5432.116.1
DC21MB51AUDPCd6831.815.9
DC21MB52les7d2410.35.1
DC21MB52les14d48.328.914.5
DC21MB52les21d78.463.131.5
DC21MB52%S+C31.621.911
DC21MB52AUDPCd49.732.616.3
DC21MB57les7d40.97.93.9
DC21MB57les14d71.99.34.7
DC21MB57les21d114.331.215.6
DC21MB57%S+C53.25.92.9
DC21MB57AUDPCd74.814.17.1
DC21MB61les7d3716.48.2
DC21MB61les14d80.144.922.5
DC21MB61les21d115.670.535.3
DC21MB61%S+C48.627.313.7
DC21MB61AUDPCd78.243.521.7
DC21SK14les7d296.83.4
DC21SK14les14d53.718.99.5
DC21SK14les21d87.925.512.8
DC21SK14%S+C38.515.67.8
DC21SK14AUDPCd56.116.98.4
DC21SK23les7d26.716.48.2
DC21SK23les14d44.828.914.4
DC21SK23les21d66.339.920
DC21SK23%S+C36.935.117.5
DC21SK23AUDPCd45.628.214.1
DC21SK35les7d56.315.98
DC21SK35les14d95.173.5
DC21SK35les21d185.420.910.4
DC21SK35%S+C69.817.18.5
DC21SK35AUDPCd1089.74.9
DC21SK38les7d53.112.26.1
DC21SK38les14d101.615.67.8
DC21SK38les21d158.539.119.5
DC21SK38%S+C80.413.46.7
DC21SK38AUDPCd103.718.29.1
DC21SK44les7d12.4105
DC21SK44les14d26.524.412.2
DC21SK44les21d4946.823.4
DC21SK44%S+C16.119.29.6
DC21SK44AUDPCd28.62613
DC21SK45les7d48.584
DC21SK45les14d85.520.510.3
DC21SK45les21d128.330.215.1
DC21SK45%S+C59.518.19
DC21SK45AUDPCd86.918.49.2
K22321les7d32.913.76.9
K22321les14d49.723.511.8
K22321les21d72.736.218.1
K22321%S+C62.932.116.1
K22321AUDPCd51.22412
K22AB19les7d33.412.56.3
K22AB19les14d5019.59.8
K22AB19les21d70.729.414.7
K22AB19%S+C48.318.49.2
K22AB19AUDPCd5120.110.1
K22AB29les7d344.32.1
K22AB29les14d66.61.30.6
K22AB29les21d10011.65.8
K22AB29%S+C59.163
K22AB29AUDPCd66.82.91.4
K22AB3les7d42.317.48.7
K22AB3les14d72.727.513.7
K22AB3les21d102.939.319.7
K22AB3%S+C62.330.815.4
K22AB3AUDPCd72.727.613.8
K22AB7les7d7.20.90.4
K22AB7les14d9.72.31.2
K22AB7les21d10.82.61.3
K22AB7%S+C000
K22AB7AUDPCd9.41.91
K22MB21les7d24.35.22.6
K22MB21les14d36.810.25.1
K22MB21les21d4616.38.1
K22MB21%S+C35.110.25.1
K22MB21AUDPCd3610.25.1
K22MB35les7d15.24.32.2
K22MB35les14d23.411.45.7
K22MB35les21d27.515.67.8
K22MB35%S+C14.614.87.4
K22MB35AUDPCd22.310.65.3
K22MB51les7d40.713.56.7
K22MB51les14d63.727.313.6
K22MB51les21d93.448.724.4
K22MB51%S+C61.323.611.8
K22MB51AUDPCd65.429.114.6
K22MB52les7d2620.110
K22MB52les14d39.434.617.3
K22MB52les21d58.16130.5
K22MB52%S+C35.122.111.1
K22MB52AUDPCd40.737.518.8
K22MB57les7d27.88.34.2
K22MB57les14d47.313.46.7
K22MB57les21d63.821.710.8
K22MB57%S+C50.115.37.6
K22MB57AUDPCd46.514.17.1
K22MB61les7d22.68.74.3
K22MB61les14d37.818.29.1
K22MB61les21d4824.912.4
K22MB61%S+C23.819.49.7
K22MB61AUDPCd36.517.48.7
K22SK14les7d177.43.7
K22SK14les14d3416.58.3
K22SK14les21d42.624.512.3
K22SK14%S+C26.222.211.1
K22SK14AUDPCd31.9168
K22SK23les7d32.617.78.8
K22SK23les14d59.940.820.4
K22SK23les21d88.259.929.9
K22SK23%S+C51.833.917
K22SK23AUDPCd60.23919.5
K22SK35les7d55.129.114.6
K22SK35les14d80.13417
K22SK35les21d125.854.227.1
K22SK35%S+C61.42211
K22SK35AUDPCd85.337.618.8
K22SK38les7d54.56.53.2
K22SK38les14d89.314.87.4
K22SK38les21d123.323.611.8
K22SK38%S+C76.411.45.7
K22SK38AUDPCd89.213.86.9
K22SK44les7d12.27.83.9
K22SK44les14d25.219.89.9
K22SK44les21d33.929.814.9
K22SK44%S+C20.82512.5
K22SK44AUDPCd24.119.29.6
K22SK45les7d34.615.37.7
K22SK45les14d58.219.89.9
K22SK45les21d78.926.813.4
K22SK45%S+C46.124.912.5
K22SK45AUDPCd57.52010
PAK54321les7d13.74.52.3
PAK54321les14d16.26.53.3
PAK54321les21d17.73.81.9
PAK54321%S+C2.42.81.4
PAK54321AUDPCd15.95.32.7
PAK54AB19les7d34.17.83.9
PAK54AB19les14d58.52713.5
PAK54AB19les21d80.150.625.3
PAK54AB19%S+C482613
PAK54AB19AUDPCd57.827.813.9
PAK54AB29les7d38.411.25.6
PAK54AB29les14d76.216.28.1
PAK54AB29les21d106.22110.5
PAK54AB29%S+C55.716.68.3
PAK54AB29AUDPCd74.215.77.8
PAK54AB3les7d21.713.36.6
PAK54AB3les14d34.321.610.8
PAK54AB3les21d44.83015
PAK54AB3%S+C20.92311.5
PAK54AB3AUDPCd33.821.510.8
PAK54AB7les7d9.91.30.7
PAK54AB7les14d11.81.10.6
PAK54AB7les21d12.21.40.7
PAK54AB7%S+C2.44.82.4
PAK54AB7AUDPCd11.41.30.6
PAK54MB21les7d18.373.5
PAK54MB21les14d28.520.910.4
PAK54MB21les21d34.43115.5
PAK54MB21%S+C7.214.37.2
PAK54MB21AUDPCd27.419.910
PAK54MB35les7d16.66.33.1
PAK54MB35les14d21.494.5
PAK54MB35les21d22.494.5
PAK54MB35%S+C6.47.43.7
PAK54MB35AUDPCd20.48.34.2
PAK54MB51les7d28.95.32.6
PAK54MB51les14d47.616.28.1
PAK54MB51les21d6732.816.4
PAK54MB51%S+C46.224.912.4
PAK54MB51AUDPCd47.817.48.7
PAK54MB52les7d22.78.84.4
PAK54MB52les14d32.518.39.2
PAK54MB52les21d46.43919.5
PAK54MB52%S+C23.124.312.1
PAK54MB52AUDPCd33.520.910.4
PAK54MB57les7d13.83.81.9
PAK54MB57les14d15.35.42.7
PAK54MB57les21d15.94.52.2
PAK54MB57%S+C67.13.6
PAK54MB57AUDPCd15.14.82.4
PAK54MB61les7d24.33.81.9
PAK54MB61les14d41.62.81.4
PAK54MB61les21d59.58.74.3
PAK54MB61%S+C39.918.89.4
PAK54MB61AUDPCd41.73.21.6
PAK54SK14les7d18.25.92.9
PAK54SK14les14d23.910.25.1
PAK54SK14les21d31.418.29.1
PAK54SK14%S+C15.5189
PAK54SK14AUDPCd24.4115.5
PAK54SK23les7d23.213.86.9
PAK54SK23les14d35.125.612.8
PAK54SK23les21d46.728.814.4
PAK54SK23%S+C19.113.56.7
PAK54SK23AUDPCd3523.411.7
PAK54SK35les7d2112.76.4
PAK54SK35les14d36.326.213.1
PAK54SK35les21d45.736.918.4
PAK54SK35%S+C18.521.910.9
PAK54SK35AUDPCd34.825.212.6
PAK54SK38les7d28.210.35.1
PAK54SK38les14d45.325.312.6
PAK54SK38les21d62.344.922.4
PAK54SK38%S+C35.727.613.8
PAK54SK38AUDPCd45.326.213.1
PAK54SK44les7d21.211.55.7
PAK54SK44les14d33.421.210.6
PAK54SK44les21d44.235.717.8
PAK54SK44%S+C7.214.37.1
PAK54SK44AUDPCd3322.211.1
PAK54SK45les7d34.38.84.4
PAK54SK45les14d57.616.78.4
PAK54SK45les21d84.937.318.6
PAK54SK45%S+C47.624.312.1
PAK54SK45AUDPCd58.719.69.8
PAK93321les7d17.65.52.8
PAK93321les14d26.311.15.5
PAK93321les21d37.120.810.4
PAK93321%S+C10.913.86.9
PAK93321AUDPCd26.811.65.8
PAK93AB19les7d55105
PAK93AB19les14d100.116.98.5
PAK93AB19les21d137.926.213.1
PAK93AB19%S+C73.228.714.3
PAK93AB19AUDPCd98.314.57.2
PAK93AB29les7d44.97.13.5
PAK93AB29les14d94.416.28.1
PAK93AB29les21d126.130.615.3
PAK93AB29%S+C63.410.95.5
PAK93AB29AUDPCd9017.28.6
PAK93AB3les7d17.7105
PAK93AB3les14d29.917.48.7
PAK93AB3les21d38.42311.5
PAK93AB3%S+C9.711.55.7
PAK93AB3AUDPCd2916.78.4
PAK93AB7les7d13.84.12.1
PAK93AB7les14d165.52.7
PAK93AB7les21d16.65.22.6
PAK93AB7%S+C000
PAK93AB7AUDPCd15.652.5
PAK93MB21les7d43.17.53.7
PAK93MB21les14d88.19.24.6
PAK93MB21les21d121.716.58.3
PAK93MB21%S+C63.123.111.6
PAK93MB21AUDPCd85.28.44.2
PAK93MB35les7d31.27.63.8
PAK93MB35les14d5018.39.2
PAK93MB35les21d67.83316.5
PAK93MB35%S+C18.913.36.6
PAK93MB35AUDPCd49.818.79.3
PAK93MB51les7d33.311.96
PAK93MB51les14d59.322.211.1
PAK93MB51les21d79.938.719.4
PAK93MB51%S+C37.127.613.8
PAK93MB51AUDPCd57.923.111.6
PAK93MB52les7d32.210.55.2
PAK93MB52les14d55.419.59.8
PAK93MB52les21d71.931.215.6
PAK93MB52%S+C46.420.410.2
PAK93MB52AUDPCd53.719.99.9
PAK93MB57les7d25.44.62.3
PAK93MB57les14d37.28.64.3
PAK93MB57les21d47.210.55.2
PAK93MB57%S+C28.620.410.2
PAK93MB57AUDPCd36.784
PAK93MB61les7d33.212.76.4
PAK93MB61les14d57.129.314.7
PAK93MB61les21d75.847.623.8
PAK93MB61%S+C43.335.817.9
PAK93MB61AUDPCd55.829.414.7
PAK93SK14les7d30.89.34.6
PAK93SK14les14d49.617.48.7
PAK93SK14les21d70.430.815.4
PAK93SK14%S+C44.926.413.2
PAK93SK14AUDPCd50.118.69.3
PAK93SK23les7d38.69.24.6
PAK93SK23les14d60.517.68.8
PAK93SK23les21d7827.113.6
PAK93SK23%S+C41.226.513.2
PAK93SK23AUDPCd59.417.38.7
PAK93SK35les7d24.610.95.5
PAK93SK35les14d48.725.112.5
PAK93SK35les21d57.124.612.3
PAK93SK35%S+C25.426.713.4
PAK93SK35AUDPCd44.821.310.6
PAK93SK38les7d34.99.34.7
PAK93SK38les14d56.721.410.7
PAK93SK38les21d78.630.915.4
PAK93SK38%S+C41.622.311.2
PAK93SK38AUDPCd56.820.710.3
PAK93SK44les7d20.29.14.6
PAK93SK44les14d40.820.810.4
PAK93SK44les21d6337.318.6
PAK93SK44%S+C21.123.411.7
PAK93SK44AUDPCd41.221.911
PAK93SK45les7d42.82.61.3
PAK93SK45les14d79.77.53.7
PAK93SK45les21d103.65.52.7
PAK93SK45%S+C69.819.910
PAK93SK45AUDPCd76.44.72.3
Tanto321les7d26.811.25.6
Tanto321les14d46.923.111.6
Tanto321les21d59.736.818.4
Tanto321%S+C22.819.99.9
Tanto321AUDPCd45.123.411.7
TantoAB19les7d68.514.77.4
TantoAB19les14d106.16.33.1
TantoAB19les21d146189
TantoAB19%S+C72.614.77.4
TantoAB19AUDPCd106.7105
TantoAB29les7d60.416.88.4
TantoAB29les14d109.83417
TantoAB29les21d15352.126.1
TantoAB29%S+C77.823.711.9
TantoAB29AUDPCd108.233.816.9
TantoAB3les7d33.519.99.9
TantoAB3les14d61.632.816.4
TantoAB3les21d85.941.520.7
TantoAB3%S+C37.330.415.2
TantoAB3AUDPCd60.731.715.8
TantoAB7les7d12.35.12.6
TantoAB7les14d14.56.43.2
TantoAB7les21d195.92.9
TantoAB7%S+C8.57.33.7
TantoAB7AUDPCd15.15.52.8
TantoMB21les7d54.814.87.4
TantoMB21les14d96.626.213.1
TantoMB21les21d120.636.718.3
TantoMB21%S+C69.920.210.1
TantoMB21AUDPCd92.125.712.8
TantoMB35les7d36.711.15.5
TantoMB35les14d67.522.611.3
TantoMB35les21d92.135.217.6
TantoMB35%S+C45.330.715.4
TantoMB35AUDPCd65.92211
TantoMB51les7d55.21.60.8
TantoMB51les14d110.76.83.4
TantoMB51les21d156.819.69.8
TantoMB51%S+C87.56.53.3
TantoMB51AUDPCd108.48.54.2
TantoMB52les7d43.712.56.2
TantoMB52les14d89.83517.5
TantoMB52les21d118.246.223.1
TantoMB52%S+C60.32311.5
TantoMB52AUDPCd85.331.916
TantoMB57les7d38.710.65.3
TantoMB57les14d64.7115.5
TantoMB57les21d93.426.513.2
TantoMB57%S+C50.525.412.7
TantoMB57AUDPCd65.414.67.3
TantoMB61les7d50.6147
TantoMB61les14d9218.69.3
TantoMB61les21d123.415.57.7
TantoMB61%S+C68.523.111.6
TantoMB61AUDPCd89.516.38.2
TantoSK14les7d43.6168
TantoSK14les14d74.631.415.7
TantoSK14les21d107.552.826.4
TantoSK14%S+C64.536.818.4
TantoSK14AUDPCd75.132.816.4
TantoSK23les7d45.216.18
TantoSK23les14d83.534.217.1
TantoSK23les21d12367.733.9
TantoSK23%S+C58.422.111
TantoSK23AUDPCd83.837.818.9
TantoSK35les7d29.72412
TantoSK35les14d564321.5
TantoSK35les21d71.856.528.2
TantoSK35%S+C36.332.616.3
TantoSK35AUDPCd53.441.620.8
TantoSK38les7d50.712.36.1
TantoSK38les14d91.922.611.3
TantoSK38les21d134.329.814.9
TantoSK38%S+C7518.49.2
TantoSK38AUDPCd92.221.710.9
TantoSK44les7d23.410.45.2
TantoSK44les14d49.120.910.5
TantoSK44les21d70.631.916
TantoSK44%S+C22.118.69.3
TantoSK44AUDPCd482110.5
TantoSK45les7d54.918.99.5
TantoSK45les14d99.630.415.2
TantoSK45les21d140.844.522.2
TantoSK45%S+C74.434.417.2
TantoSK45AUDPCd98.730.715.4
Topas321les7d27.44.62.3
Topas321les14d4111.45.7
Topas321les21d54.217.48.7
Topas321%S+C24.416.38.1
Topas321AUDPCd40.910.55.2
TopasAB19les7d61.68.34.2
TopasAB19les14d125.513.26.6
TopasAB19les21d208.859.529.8
TopasAB19%S+C92.911.35.7
TopasAB19AUDPCd130.420.310.2
TopasAB29les7d68.810.95.5
TopasAB29les14d128.815.57.7
TopasAB29les21d209.422.111.1
TopasAB29%S+C98.62.81.4
TopasAB29AUDPCd133.914.77.4
TopasAB3les7d37.72211
TopasAB3les14d74.138.719.3
TopasAB3les21d109.856.928.5
TopasAB3%S+C51.331.916
TopasAB3AUDPCd743919.5
TopasAB7les7d21.811.96
TopasAB7les14d3218.29.1
TopasAB7les21d35.32110.5
TopasAB7%S+C16.917.99
TopasAB7AUDPCd30.317.38.7
TopasMB21les7d5612.76.3
TopasMB21les14d110.127.413.7
TopasMB21les21d1643919.5
TopasMB21%S+C83.110.45.2
TopasMB21AUDPCd110.126.513.2
TopasMB35les7d46.64.72.4
TopasMB35les14d76.611.55.8
TopasMB35les21d145.361.330.6
TopasMB35%S+C63.516.48.2
TopasMB35AUDPCd86.221.110.5
TopasMB51les7d66.213.36.6
TopasMB51les14d13620.610.3
TopasMB51les21d223.441.520.7
TopasMB51%S+C10000
TopasMB51AUDPCd140.423.411.7
TopasMB52les7d562.91.4
TopasMB52les14d109.810.45.2
TopasMB52les21d182.224.212.1
TopasMB52%S+C89.79.94.9
TopasMB52AUDPCd114.511.85.9
TopasMB57les7d47.98.84.4
TopasMB57les14d96.114.67.3
TopasMB57les21d16019.89.9
TopasMB57%S+C7717.38.6
TopasMB57AUDPCd10013.66.8
TopasMB61les7d61.212.16
TopasMB61les14d115.910.25.1
TopasMB61les21d185.514.87.4
TopasMB61%S+C94.963
TopasMB61AUDPCd119.611.75.8
TopasSK14les7d58.89.34.6
TopasSK14les14d118.94.32.2
TopasSK14les21d214.810.85.4
TopasSK14%S+C97.552.5
TopasSK14AUDPCd127.84.32.2
TopasSK23les7d47.813.66.8
TopasSK23les14d96.521.510.8
TopasSK23les21d179.643.621.8
TopasSK23%S+C82.119.69.8
TopasSK23AUDPCd105.124.812.4
TopasSK35les7d37.14.32.1
TopasSK35les14d81.5178.5
TopasSK35les21d132.125.912.9
TopasSK35%S+C63.2199.5
TopasSK35AUDPCd83.1168
TopasSK38les7d57.79.84.9
TopasSK38les14d11117.28.6
TopasSK38les21d191.224.612.3
TopasSK38%S+C93.752.5
TopasSK38AUDPCd117.716.18.1
TopasSK44les7d40.76.63.3
TopasSK44les14d81.911.85.9
TopasSK44les21d141.224.712.4
TopasSK44%S+C59.611.35.7
TopasSK44AUDPCd86.4126
TopasSK45les7d59.37.63.8
TopasSK45les14d1242010
TopasSK45les21d203.833.116.6
TopasSK45%S+C98.82.41.2
TopasSK45AUDPCd127.818.99.5
7dai
B. napusIsolateles7dStd DevStd Error
DC2132116.66.63.3
AB1956.214.27.1
AB2964.417.48.7
AB342.423.811.9
AB770.20.1
MB2141.713.26.6
MB3520.99.14.5
MB5133.311.25.6
MB522410.35.1
MB5740.97.93.9
MB613716.48.2
SK14296.83.4
SK2326.716.48.2
SK3556.315.98
SK3853.112.26.1
SK4412.4105
SK4548.584
K2232132.913.76.9
AB1933.412.56.3
AB29344.32.1
AB342.317.48.7
AB77.20.90.4
MB2124.35.22.6
MB3515.24.32.2
MB5140.713.56.7
MB522620.110
MB5727.88.34.2
MB6122.68.74.3
SK14177.43.7
SK2332.617.78.8
SK3555.129.114.6
SK3854.56.53.2
SK4412.27.83.9
SK4534.615.37.7
PAK5432113.74.52.3
AB1934.17.83.9
AB2938.411.25.6
AB321.713.36.6
AB79.91.30.7
MB2118.373.5
MB3516.66.33.1
MB5128.95.32.6
MB5222.78.84.4
MB5713.83.81.9
MB6124.33.81.9
SK1418.25.92.9
SK2323.213.86.9
SK352112.76.4
SK3828.210.35.1
SK4421.211.55.7
SK4534.38.84.4
PAK9332117.65.52.8
AB1955105
AB2944.97.13.5
AB317.7105
AB713.84.12.1
MB2143.17.53.7
MB3531.27.63.8
MB5133.311.96
MB5232.210.55.2
MB5725.44.62.3
MB6133.212.76.4
SK1430.89.34.6
SK2338.69.24.6
SK3524.610.95.5
SK3834.99.34.7
SK4420.29.14.6
SK4542.82.61.3
Tanto32126.811.25.6
AB1968.514.77.4
AB2960.416.88.4
AB333.519.99.9
AB712.35.12.6
MB2154.814.87.4
MB3536.711.15.5
MB5155.21.60.8
MB5243.712.56.2
MB5738.710.65.3
MB6150.6147
SK1443.6168
SK2345.216.18
SK3529.72412
SK3850.712.36.1
SK4423.410.45.2
SK4554.918.99.5
Topas32127.44.62.3
AB1961.68.34.2
AB2968.810.95.5
AB337.72211
AB721.811.96
MB215612.76.3
MB3546.64.72.4
MB5166.213.36.6
MB52562.91.4
MB5747.98.84.4
MB6161.212.16
SK1458.89.34.6
SK2347.813.66.8
SK3537.14.32.1
SK3857.79.84.9
SK4440.76.63.3
SK4559.37.63.8
14dai
B. napusIsolateles14dStd DevStd Error
DC213213115.57.8
AB1993.14.82.4
AB2911924.912.5
AB379.545.622.8
AB78.621
MB2184.729.414.7
MB3539.821.310.6
MB5168.532.916.5
MB5248.328.914.5
MB5771.99.34.7
MB6180.144.922.5
SK1453.718.99.5
SK2344.828.914.4
SK3595.173.5
SK38101.615.67.8
SK4426.524.412.2
SK4585.520.510.3
K2232149.723.511.8
AB195019.59.8
AB2966.61.30.6
AB372.727.513.7
AB79.72.31.2
MB2136.810.25.1
MB3523.411.45.7
MB5163.727.313.6
MB5239.434.617.3
MB5747.313.46.7
MB6137.818.29.1
SK143416.58.3
SK2359.940.820.4
SK3580.13417
SK3889.314.87.4
SK4425.219.89.9
SK4558.219.89.9
PAK5432116.26.53.3
AB1958.52713.5
AB2976.216.28.1
AB334.321.610.8
AB711.81.10.6
MB2128.520.910.4
MB3521.494.5
MB5147.616.28.1
MB5232.518.39.2
MB5715.35.42.7
MB6141.62.81.4
SK1423.910.25.1
SK2335.125.612.8
SK3536.326.213.1
SK3845.325.312.6
SK4433.421.210.6
SK4557.616.78.4
PAK9332126.311.15.5
AB19100.116.98.5
AB2994.416.28.1
AB329.917.48.7
AB7165.52.7
MB2188.19.24.6
MB355018.39.2
MB5159.322.211.1
MB5255.419.59.8
MB5737.28.64.3
MB6157.129.314.7
SK1449.617.48.7
SK2360.517.68.8
SK3548.725.112.5
SK3856.721.410.7
SK4440.820.810.4
SK4579.77.53.7
Tanto32146.923.111.6
AB19106.16.33.1
AB29109.83417
AB361.632.816.4
AB714.56.43.2
MB2196.626.213.1
MB3567.522.611.3
MB51110.76.83.4
MB5289.83517.5
MB5764.7115.5
MB619218.69.3
SK1474.631.415.7
SK2383.534.217.1
SK35564321.5
SK3891.922.611.3
SK4449.120.910.5
SK4599.630.415.2
Topas3214111.45.7
AB19125.513.26.6
AB29128.815.57.7
AB374.138.719.3
AB73218.29.1
MB21110.127.413.7
MB3576.611.55.8
MB5113620.610.3
MB52109.810.45.2
MB5796.114.67.3
MB61115.910.25.1
SK14118.94.32.2
SK2396.521.510.8
SK3581.5178.5
SK3811117.28.6
SK4481.911.85.9
SK451242010
21dai
B. napusIsolateles21dStd DevStd Error
DC2132142.722.111.1
AB19159.319.910
AB29212.927.413.7
AB3110.553.726.8
AB710.221
MB21124.245.722.8
MB3563.343.621.8
MB51101.351.125.6
MB5278.463.131.5
MB57114.331.215.6
MB61115.670.535.3
SK1487.925.512.8
SK2366.339.920
SK35185.420.910.4
SK38158.539.119.5
SK444946.823.4
SK45128.330.215.1
K2232172.736.218.1
AB1970.729.414.7
AB2910011.65.8
AB3102.939.319.7
AB710.82.61.3
MB214616.38.1
MB3527.515.67.8
MB5193.448.724.4
MB5258.16130.5
MB5763.821.710.8
MB614824.912.4
SK1442.624.512.3
SK2388.259.929.9
SK35125.854.227.1
SK38123.323.611.8
SK4433.929.814.9
SK4578.926.813.4
PAK5432117.73.81.9
AB1980.150.625.3
AB29106.22110.5
AB344.83015
AB712.21.40.7
MB2134.43115.5
MB3522.494.5
MB516732.816.4
MB5246.43919.5
MB5715.94.52.2
MB6159.58.74.3
SK1431.418.29.1
SK2346.728.814.4
SK3545.736.918.4
SK3862.344.922.4
SK4444.235.717.8
SK4584.937.318.6
PAK9332137.120.810.4
AB19137.926.213.1
AB29126.130.615.3
AB338.42311.5
AB716.65.22.6
MB21121.716.58.3
MB3567.83316.5
MB5179.938.719.4
MB5271.931.215.6
MB5747.210.55.2
MB6175.847.623.8
SK1470.430.815.4
SK237827.113.6
SK3557.124.612.3
SK3878.630.915.4
SK446337.318.6
SK45103.65.52.7
Tanto32159.736.818.4
AB19146189
AB2915352.126.1
AB385.941.520.7
AB7195.92.9
MB21120.636.718.3
MB3592.135.217.6
MB51156.819.69.8
MB52118.246.223.1
MB5793.426.513.2
MB61123.415.57.7
SK14107.552.826.4
SK2312367.733.9
SK3571.856.528.2
SK38134.329.814.9
SK4470.631.916
SK45140.844.522.2
Topas32154.217.48.7
AB19208.859.529.8
AB29209.422.111.1
AB3109.856.928.5
AB735.32110.5
MB211643919.5
MB35145.361.330.6
MB51223.441.520.7
MB52182.224.212.1
MB5716019.89.9
MB61185.514.87.4
SK14214.810.85.4
SK23179.643.621.8
SK35132.125.912.9
SK38191.224.612.3
SK44141.224.712.4
SK45203.833.116.6
AUDPC
B. napusIsolateAUDPCdStd DevStd Error
DC21AB78.61.50.7
MB5774.814.17.1
32130.414.97.5
MB354123.811.9
SK1456.116.98.4
MB2183.829.214.6
SK4428.62613
MB5249.732.616.3
AB377.940.520.3
SK351089.74.9
SK2345.628.214.1
MB6178.243.521.7
SK38103.718.29.1
MB516831.815.9
AB19100.59.34.7
SK4586.918.49.2
AB29128.816.68.3
K22AB79.41.91
MB5746.514.17.1
32151.22412
MB3522.310.65.3
SK1431.9168
MB213610.25.1
SK4424.119.29.6
MB5240.737.518.8
AB372.727.613.8
SK3585.337.618.8
SK2360.23919.5
MB6136.517.48.7
SK3889.213.86.9
MB5165.429.114.6
AB195120.110.1
SK4557.52010
AB2966.82.91.4
PAK54AB711.41.30.6
MB5715.14.82.49
32115.95.32.7
MB3520.48.34.2
SK1424.4115.5
MB2127.419.910
SK443322.211.1
MB5233.520.910.4
AB333.821.510.8
SK3534.825.212.6
SK233523.411.7
MB6141.73.21.6
SK3845.326.213.1
MB5147.817.48.7
AB1957.827.813.9
SK4558.719.69.8
AB2974.215.77.8
PAK93AB715.652.5
MB5736.784
32126.811.65.8
MB3549.818.79.3
SK1450.118.69.3
MB2185.28.44.2
SK4441.221.911
MB5253.719.99.9
AB32916.78.4
SK3544.821.310.6
SK2359.417.38.7
MB6155.829.414.7
SK3856.820.710.3
MB5157.923.111.6
AB1998.314.57.2
SK4576.44.72.3
AB299017.28.6
TantoAB715.15.52.8
MB5765.414.67.3
32145.123.411.7
MB3565.92211
SK1475.132.816.4
MB2192.125.712.8
SK44482110.5
MB5285.331.916
AB360.731.715.8
SK3553.441.620.8
SK2383.837.818.9
MB6189.516.38.2
SK3892.221.710.9
MB51108.48.54.2
AB19106.7105
SK4598.730.715.4
AB29108.233.816.9
TopasAB730.317.38.7
MB5710013.66.8
32140.910.55.2
MB3586.221.110.5
SK14127.84.32.2
MB21110.126.513.2
SK4486.4126
MB52114.511.85.9
AB3743919.5
SK3583.1168
SK23105.124.812.4
MB61119.611.75.8
SK38117.716.18.1
MB51140.423.411.7
AB19130.420.310.2
SK45127.818.99.5
AB29133.914.77.4
AUDPC
% s+c
Graph for Richard Oliver
AUDPC PAK54 PAK93
AUDPC 5 lines
Graph 21dai
B. napusIsolate% s+cStd DevStd Error
DC2132121.815.47.7
AB1972.88.84.4
AB2984.24.22.1
AB359.535.317.7
AB7000
MB2156.824.312.2
MB3532.919.39.7
MB515432.116.1
MB5231.621.911
MB5753.25.92.9
MB6148.627.313.7
SK1438.515.67.8
SK2336.935.117.5
SK3569.817.18.5
SK3880.413.46.7
SK4416.119.29.6
SK4559.518.19
K2232162.932.116.1
AB1948.318.49.2
AB2959.163
AB362.330.815.4
AB7000
MB2135.110.25.1
MB3514.614.87.4
MB5161.323.611.8
MB5235.122.111.1
MB5750.115.37.6
MB6123.819.49.7
SK1426.222.211.1
SK2351.833.917
SK3561.42211
SK3876.411.45.7
SK4420.82512.5
SK4546.124.912.5
PAK543212.42.81.4
AB19482613
AB2955.716.68.3
AB320.92311.5
AB72.44.82.4
MB217.214.37.2
MB356.47.43.7
MB5146.224.912.4
MB5223.124.312.1
MB5767.13.6
MB6139.918.89.4
SK1415.5189
SK2319.113.56.7
SK3518.521.910.9
SK3835.727.613.8
SK447.214.37.1
SK4547.624.312.1
PAK9332110.913.86.9
AB1973.228.714.3
AB2963.410.95.5
AB39.711.55.7
AB7000
MB2163.123.111.6
MB3518.913.36.6
MB5137.127.613.8
MB5246.420.410.2
MB5728.620.410.2
MB6143.335.817.9
SK1444.926.413.2
SK2341.226.513.2
SK3525.426.713.4
SK3841.622.311.2
SK4421.123.411.7
SK4569.819.910
Tanto32122.819.99.9
AB1972.614.77.4
AB2977.823.711.9
AB337.330.415.2
AB78.57.33.7
MB2169.920.210.1
MB3545.330.715.4
MB5187.56.53.3
MB5260.32311.5
MB5750.525.412.7
MB6168.523.111.6
SK1464.536.818.4
SK2358.422.111
SK3536.332.616.3
SK387518.49.2
SK4422.118.69.3
SK4574.434.417.2
Topas32124.416.38.1
AB1992.911.35.7
AB2998.62.81.4
AB351.331.916
AB716.917.99
MB2183.110.45.2
MB3563.516.48.2
MB5110000
MB5289.79.94.9
MB577717.38.6
MB6194.963
SK1497.552.5
SK2382.119.69.8
SK3563.2199.5
SK3893.752.5
SK4459.611.35.7
SK4598.82.41.2
IsolatePAK54PAK93K22DC21TantoTopassumStd Dev Pak54Std Err PAK54Std Dev PAK93Std Err PAK93Std Dev K22Std Err K22Std Dev DC21Std Error DC21Std Dev TantoStd Err TantoStd Dev TopasStd Err Topas
AB711.415.69.48.615.130.390.41.30.652.51.911.50.75.52.817.38.7
32115.926.851.230.445.140.9210.35.32.711.65.8241214.97.523.411.710.55.2
SK4433.041.224.128.648.086.4261.322.211.121.91119.29.626132110.5126
AB333.829.072.777.960.774.0348.121.510.816.78.427.613.840.520.331.715.83919.5
MB5715.136.746.574.865.4100.0338.54.82.48414.17.114.17.114.67.313.66.8
MB3520.449.822.341.065.986.2285.68.34.218.79.310.65.323.811.9221121.110.5
SK1424.450.131.956.175.1127.8365.4115.518.69.316816.98.432.816.44.32.2
SK3534.844.885.3108.053.483.1409.425.212.621.310.637.618.89.74.941.620.8168
SK2335.059.460.245.683.8105.1389.123.411.717.38.73919.528.214.137.818.924.812.4
MB2127.485.236.083.892.1110.1434.619.9108.44.210.25.129.214.625.712.826.513.2
MB5233.553.740.749.785.3114.5377.420.910.419.99.937.518.832.616.331.91611.85.9
MB6141.755.836.578.289.5119.6421.33.21.629.414.717.48.743.521.716.38.211.75.8
SK3845.356.889.2103.792.2117.7504.926.213.120.710.313.86.918.29.121.710.916.18.1
MB5147.857.965.468.0108.4140.4487.917.48.723.111.629.114.631.815.98.54.223.411.7
AB1957.898.351.0100.5106.7130.4544.727.813.914.57.220.110.19.34.710520.310.2
SK4558.776.457.586.998.7127.8506.019.69.84.72.3201018.49.230.715.418.99.5
AB2974.290.066.8128.8108.2133.9601.915.77.817.28.62.91.416.68.333.816.914.77.4
sum610.2927.5846.71170.61293.61728.2
321 = This isolate has been used to phenotype eight B. napus mapping populations and is one of the least aggressive isolates
SK35 = This isolate was genetically the most dissimilar of all 129 isolates after genotyping with 47 SSR markers
MB21 = This isolate has differential reactions on three B. napus lines (similar to AB19)
MB52 = This isolate is more aggressive than 321 and will be used for future screening of B. napus mapping populations
AB29 = This isolate is the most aggressive of all 17 isolates
&L&D&R&Z&F&A
2.72.518.7
11.15.8125.2
10.8119.66
2.48.413.819.5
4.247.16.8
5.59.35.310.5
12.69.382.2
11.710.618.88
108.719.512.4
10.44.25.113.2
1.69.918.85.9
13.114.78.75.8
8.710.36.98.1
13.911.614.611.7
9.87.210.110.2
7.82.3109.5
8.61.47.4
PAK54
PAK93
K22
Topas
IsolatePAK54PAK93TopasStd Err Pak54Std Err. PAK93Std Err. Topas
AB711.415.630.30.62.58.7
32115.926.840.92.75.85.2
MB5715.136.7100.02.446.8
MB3520.449.886.24.29.310.5
SK1424.450.1127.85.59.32.2
MB2127.485.2110.1104.213.2
AB333.829.074.010.88.419.5
SK4433.041.286.411.1116
SK3534.844.883.112.610.68
MB5233.553.7114.510.49.95.9
SK2335.059.4105.111.78.712.4
MB6141.755.8119.61.614.75.8
SK3845.356.8117.713.110.38.1
MB5147.857.9140.48.711.611.7
SK4558.776.4127.89.82.39.5
AB1957.898.3130.413.97.210.2
AB2974.290.0133.97.88.67.4
&L&D&R&Z&F&A
0.62.58.7
2.75.85.2
2.446.8
4.29.310.5
5.59.32.2
104.213.2
10.88.419.5
11.1116
12.610.68
10.49.95.9
11.78.712.4
1.614.75.8
13.110.38.1
8.711.611.7
9.82.39.5
13.97.210.2
7.88.67.4
PAK54
PAK93
Topas
IsolatePAK54PAK93K22DC21TantoTopassumStd Dev Pak54Std Err PAK54Std Dev PAK93Std Err PAK93Std Dev K22Std Err K22Std Dev DC21Std Error DC21Std Dev TantoStd Err TantoStd Dev TopasStd Err Topas
AB711.415.69.48.615.130.390.41.30.65.02.51.91.01.50.75.52.817.38.7
32115.926.851.230.445.140.9210.35.32.711.65.824.012.014.97.523.411.710.55.2
SK4433.041.224.128.648.086.4261.322.211.121.911.019.29.626.013.021.010.512.06.0
AB333.829.072.777.960.774.0348.121.510.816.78.427.613.840.520.331.715.839.019.5
MB5715.136.746.574.865.4100.0338.54.82.48.04.014.17.114.17.114.67.313.66.8
MB3520.449.822.341.065.986.2285.68.34.218.79.310.65.323.811.922.011.021.110.5
SK1424.450.131.956.175.1127.8365.411.05.518.69.316.08.016.98.432.816.44.32.2
SK3534.844.885.3108.053.483.1409.425.212.621.310.637.618.89.74.941.620.816.08.0
SK2335.059.460.245.683.8105.1389.123.411.717.38.739.019.528.214.137.818.924.812.4
MB2127.485.236.083.892.1110.1434.619.910.08.44.210.25.129.214.625.712.826.513.2
MB5233.553.740.749.785.3114.5377.420.910.419.99.937.518.832.616.331.916.011.85.9
MB6141.755.836.578.289.5119.6421.33.21.629.414.717.48.743.521.716.38.211.75.8
SK3845.356.889.2103.792.2117.7504.926.213.120.710.313.86.918.29.121.710.916.18.1
MB5147.857.965.468.0108.4140.4487.917.48.723.111.629.114.631.815.98.54.223.411.7
AB1957.898.351.0100.5106.7130.4544.727.813.914.57.220.110.19.34.710.05.020.310.2
SK4558.776.457.586.998.7127.8506.019.69.84.72.320.010.018.49.230.715.418.99.5
AB2974.290.066.8128.8108.2133.9601.915.77.817.28.62.91.416.68.333.816.914.77.4
sum610.2927.5846.71170.61293.61728.2
321 = This isolate has been used to phenotype eight B. napus mapping populations and is one of the least aggressive isolates
SK35 = This isolate was genetically the most dissimilar of all 129 isolates after genotyping with 47 SSR markers
MB21 = This isolate has differential reactions on three B. napus lines (similar to AB19)
MB52 = This isolate is more aggressive than 321 and will be used for future screening of B. napus mapping populations
AB29 = This isolate is the most aggressive of all 17 isolates
Topas
Tanto
DC21
K22
PAK93
PAK54
Sclerotinia isolates
Area under the disease progress curve
Isolateles21dles21dles21dles21dles21dles21dStd ErrorStd ErrorStd ErrorStd ErrorStd ErrorStd ErrorStd DevStd DevStd DevStd DevStd DevStd Dev
TopasTantoDC21K22PAK93PAK54avg Topas and PAK54 for sortingTopasTantoDC21K22PAK93PAK54TopasTantoDC21K22PAK93PAK54
AB735.319.010.210.816.612.223.810.52.91.01.32.60.721.05.92.02.65.21.4
32154.259.742.772.737.117.736.08.718.411.118.110.41.917.436.822.136.220.83.8
AB3109.885.9110.5102.938.444.877.328.520.726.819.711.515.056.941.553.739.323.030.0
MB35145.392.163.327.567.822.483.930.617.621.87.816.54.561.335.243.615.633.09.0
MB57160.093.4114.363.847.215.988.09.913.215.610.85.22.219.826.531.221.710.54.5
SK35132.171.8185.4125.857.145.788.912.928.210.427.112.318.425.956.520.954.224.636.9
SK44141.270.649.033.963.044.292.712.416.023.414.918.617.824.731.946.829.837.335.7
MB21164.0120.6124.246.0121.734.499.219.518.322.88.18.315.539.036.745.716.316.531.0
SK23179.6123.066.388.278.046.7113.221.833.920.029.913.614.443.667.739.959.927.128.8
MB52182.2118.278.458.171.946.4114.312.123.131.530.515.619.524.246.263.161.031.239.0
MB61185.5123.4115.648.075.859.5122.57.47.735.312.423.84.314.815.570.524.947.68.7
SK14214.8107.587.942.670.431.4123.15.426.412.812.315.49.110.852.825.524.530.818.2
MB51223.4156.8101.393.479.967.0145.220.79.825.624.419.416.441.519.651.148.738.732.8
SK38191.2134.3158.5123.378.662.3126.812.314.919.511.815.422.424.629.839.123.630.944.9
SK45203.8140.8128.378.9103.684.9144.416.622.215.113.42.718.633.144.530.226.85.537.3
AB19208.8146.0159.370.7137.980.1144.529.89.010.014.713.125.359.518.019.929.426.250.6
AB29209.4153.0212.9100.0126.1106.2157.811.126.113.75.815.310.522.152.127.411.630.621.0
10.510.50.70.7
8.78.71.91.9
28.528.51515
30.630.64.54.5
9.99.92.22.2
12.912.918.418.4
12.412.417.817.8
19.519.515.515.5
21.821.814.414.4
12.112.119.519.5
7.47.44.34.3
5.45.49.19.1
20.720.716.416.4
12.312.322.422.4
16.616.618.618.6
29.829.825.325.3
11.111.110.510.5
Topas
Tanto
DC21
K22
PAK93
PAK54
Sclerotinia isolates
Stem lesion length 21 days after inoculation, mm
Genes Function in host resistanceReduction in
sclerotinia severity
Hevein, lectin like 40-50%
Lectin, concanavalin 20-50%
Lectin, curculin 40%
AnnexinTrafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis, calcium ion channel formation
30-40%
WRKY33 Regulation of gene transcription 20-30%
O-methyl transferase Glucosinolate pathway
Small inconsistant effect
PGIP Inhibitor of fungal polygalacturonase No effect
Pathogen recognition and binding
• Genes were cloned from Zhongyou 821 (China) and transformed into a susceptible B. napus line.
• The CaMV 35S promotor ensures the genes are constitutively expressed in all plant tissues all the time.
We have identified defense genes that reduce sclerotinia severity - a major step
for potential use in GM canola
QTLs
A-genomeC-genomeResistance loci
PAK54 (Pakistan)A3, A6, A9, A10C1, C67
PAK93 (Pakistan)A5, A7C2, C5, C6, C76
DC21 (South Korea)A1, A3C53
K22 (Japan)In progress
Zhongyou 821 (China) A1, A3, A5, A6, A7, A9C1, C2, C3, C6, C911
A world collection of 180 B. napus accessionsA1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9114
cloned genes
Genes cloned from Zhongyou
GenesFunction in host resistanceReduction in sclerotinia severity
Hevein, lectin likePathogen recognition and binding40-50%
Lectin, concanavalin20-50%
Lectin, curculin40%
AnnexinTrafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis, calcium ion channel formation30-40%
WRKY33Regulation of gene transcription20-30%
O-methyl transferaseGlucosinolate pathwaySmall inconsistant effect
PGIPInhibitor of fungal polygalacturonaseNo effect
Sheet3
Defense genes that prevent fungal penetration of the plant cell, PEN1, PEN2 and PEN3 worthy
of investigation in canola
Fungal spore
Plant cell wall
Plant cell
Jeff Ellis, Plant Cell 2006,18:523-528
Studied in several plant species such as the model plant Arabidopsis and soybean
Does constitutive expression of PEN1, PEN2 and PEN3 in canola reduce sclerotinia severity?
PEN1-10P3T1 generation
Transformation of B. napus DH12075
MethodPEN1 cloned from resistant PAK54 Susceptible B. napus DH12075 transformed with PEN1 under the control of CaM35S gene promotor
ResultsA single PEN1 gene copy was inserted in the B. napus genome The particular PEN1 allele was very low in DH12075 Transformants expressed PEN1 0.75 – 2.8 relative to DH12075
Next stepClone and transform with PEN2 and PEN3Phenotype PEN1, PEN2 and PEN3 transformants for sclerotinia resistance in the T2 generation
Chart1
PEN1-10P30.09301572170.0930157217
PEN1-13P10.01506599710.0150659971
PEN1-20P10.06097854860.0609785486
PEN1-20P20.29760507180.2976050718
PEN1-25P20.12977161330.1297716133
PEN1-10P40.09815708770.0981570877
PEN1-15P20.02684564630.0268456463
DH12075wt0.01736572150.0173657215
NTC00
Gene expression relative to actin
PEN1 gene expression in transformed plants - T1 generation
2.9156488344
2.5162098374
2.2000020371
2.1576294767
1.9534410322
1.183279728
0.7421133293
0.0438572271
0
PAK54C3PEN1-4 expression in T1
SampleTargetCopies/20uL PAK54C3PEN1-4Copies/20uL ActinConc (copies/uL) PAK54C3PEN1-4Conc (copies/uL) ActinPositives PAK54C3PEN1-4Positives ActinNegatives PAK54C3PEN1-4Negatives ActinAcceptedDropletsRatioSDAveSample
PEN1-10P3 R1PAK54C3PEN1-4494016402478227439781175713522145003.0000.08888219412.912PEN1-10P3
PEN1-10P4 R1PAK54PEN1-432002580160129193915891334113691152801.2400.09582817441.185PEN1-10P4
PEN1-13P1 R1PAK54C3PEN1-452402100262105314113411259014390157312.5000.01245577782.517PEN1-13P1
PEN1-15P2 R1PAK54C3PEN1-41096152054.8767269981523214960159580.7200.02828427120.740PEN1-15P2
PEN1-20P1 R1PAK54C3PEN1-417207768638.811325221495615566160882.2100.05979047092.198PEN1-20P1
PEN1-20P2 R1PAK54C3PEN1-43060131015365.515987091148712376130852.3400.30234177142.156PEN1-20P2
PEN1-25P2 R1PAK54C3PEN1-4304017001528516619571201512719136761.7800.13341341091.952PEN1-25P2
DH12075wt R1PAK54C3PEN1-413058006.52900325347581149658430.0220.00467582530.028DH12075wt
NTC R1PAK54C3PEN1-401.400.070117750177491775000.000NTC
PEN1-10P3 R2PAK54C3PEN1-455802000279100282310891054612280133692.790
PEN1-10P4 R2PAK54C3PEN1-432403100162155201819321368013766156981.050
PEN1-13P1 R2PAK54C3PEN1-464602560323128370415921171113823154152.520
PEN1-15P2 R2PAK54C3PEN1-41262174063.18779010841433914045151290.720
PEN1-20P1 R2PAK54C3PEN1-418608789343.912045801464515269158492.120
PEN1-20P2 R2PAK54C3PEN1-437202140186107262715681537316432180001.730
PEN1-25P2 R2PAK54C3PEN1-483004220415211184710184363519262101.970
DH12075wt R2PAK54C3PEN1-45617002.8853891275118912780.033
NTC R2PAK54C3PEN1-4No CallNo Call00000
PEN1-10P3 R3PAK54C3PEN1-4533018102.945
PEN1-10P4 R3PAK54C3PEN1-4330026101.264
PEN1-13P1 R3PAK54C3PEN1-4549021702.530
PEN1-15P2 R3PAK54C3PEN1-4117015000.780
PEN1-20P1 R3PAK54C3PEN1-418808302.265
PEN1-20P2 R3PAK54C3PEN1-4367015302.399
PEN1-25P2 R3PAK54C3PEN1-4360017102.105
DH12075wt R3PAK54C3PEN1-46922800.030
NTC R3PAK54C3PEN1-4
PAK54C3PEN1-4 expression in T1
0.08888219410.0888821941
0.09582817440.0958281744
0.01245577780.0124557778
0.02828427120.0282842712
0.05979047090.0597904709
0.30234177140.3023417714
0.13341341090.1334134109
0.00467582530.0046758253
00
Relative Expression
PAK54C3PEN1 Expression in DH12075 T1 Transgenic plants
Sheet1
SampleCopies/20uL PAK54C3PEN1-4Copies/20uL ActinConc (copies/uL) PAK54C3PEN1-4Conc (copies/uL) ActinCopy # of PEN1 in original 25uL sampleCopy # of Actin in original 25 uL sampleAve PEN1-4 conc (copies/uL)Ave Actin conc (copies/uL)RatioSampleAverage ratioSD
PEN1-10P3 R1494016402478261752050264.166666666790.83333333333.012195122PEN1-10P32.9160.093
PEN1-10P4 R13200258016012940003225162.3333333333138.16666666671.2403100775PEN1-13P12.5160.015
PEN1-13P1 R15240210026210565502625286.5113.83333333332.4952380952PEN1-20P12.2000.061
PEN1-15P2 R11096152054.8761370190058.879.33333333330.7210526316PEN1-20P22.1580.298
PEN1-20P1 R117207768638.821509709141.42.2164948454PEN1-25P21.9530.130
PEN1-20P2 R13060131015365.538251637.5174.1666666667832.3358778626PEN1-10P41.1830.098
PEN1-25P2 R1304017001528538002125249127.16666666671.7882352941PEN1-15P20.7420.027
DH12075wt R113058006.798167.524504.3166666667990.0683673469DH12075wt0.0440.017
NTC R101.40000000NTC0.0000.000
PEN1-10P3 R255802000279100697525002.79
PEN1-10P4 R232403100162155405038751.0451612903
PEN1-13P1 R264602560323128807532002.5234375
PEN1-15P2 R21262174063.1871577.521750.7252873563
PEN1-20P1 R218608789343.923251097.52.1184510251
PEN1-20P2 R237202140186107465026751.738317757
PEN1-25P2 R2830042204152111037552751.9668246445
DH12075wt R25617002.8857021250.0329411765
NTC R2No CallNo Call000
PEN1-10P3 R353301810266.590.56662.52262.52.9447513812
PEN1-10P4 R333002610165130.541253262.51.2643678161
PEN1-13P1 R354902170274.5108.56862.52712.52.5299539171
PEN1-15P2 R31170150058.5751462.518750.78
PEN1-20P1 R318808309441.523501037.52.265060241
PEN1-20P2 R336701530183.576.54587.51912.52.3986928105
PEN1-25P2 R33600171018085.545002137.52.1052631579
DH12075wt R36922803.4511486.2528500.0302631579
NTC R300000
Sheet1
0.09301572170.0930157217
0.01506599710.0150659971
0.06097854860.0609785486
0.29760507180.2976050718
0.12977161330.1297716133
0.09815708770.0981570877
0.02684564630.0268456463
0.01736572150.0173657215
00
Relative Expression
PAK54C3PEN1 Expression in DH12075 T1 Transgenic plants
PEN1-4
Actin
Conc (Copies/uL)
Comparison of Expression Levels of PAK54C3PEN1-4 and Actin in DH12075 T1 Transgenic Plants
Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada
Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
• Users are canola growers and extension specialists
• Objective is to recommend a fungicide application if an economic return is likely
• Free, fast and user friendly in order to be used on 20 mill acres of canola
• The starting point is a checklist developed in Sweden
• Verified or modified to Canadian canola based on in-depth field surveys
• The App provides real-time and location-specific rainfall data and weather forecast
Forecasting -Sclerotinia risk App for smartphones
AAFC’s Sclerotinia risk assessment team
‘If not for you’
~60 extension specialists and canola growersreported sclerotia germination in ~200 depots
each growing season from 2013 to 2017
AAFC research staff
Erl Svendsen
CamKenny
JonathanDurkin
Lone Buchwaldt
Jackie Nettleton
Photo by Branimir Gjetvaj
Economic calculation
Photos of sclerotinia
Sclerotinia risk assessment
Sclerotinia life cycle
Sclerotinia rating at harvest
Canola flowering stages
Sclerotinia risk App for smartphones
App programming (a hybrid)
Ready made web applications for the user interface
New programs for user’s geolocation (GPS, RM, other names), writing of files such as the check list and economic calculation
Saving and sharing of risk assessment results by texting and email.
Versions for both iPhone and Android phones
The starting point is the Swedish sclerotinia check list
Twengström E, Sigvald R, Svensson C, Yuen J. 1998. Forecasting Sclerotinia stem rot in spring sown oilseed rape. Crop Prot 17:405–411.
The risk points for each of the six factors were based on data from 384 canola fields.
Risk factor Risk points1. Number of years since last canola crop 0, 5 or 102. Sclerotinia incidence in last host crop 0, 5, 10 or 153. Plant density 0, 5 or 104. Rainfall in the last two weeks 0, 5 or 105. Weather forecast 0, 10 or 156. Regional risk for apothecia development 0, 10 or 15
A similar data set for Canadian canola is needed in order to either verify or modify this risk assessment.
QTLs
Bi-parental mapping populationsA-genomeC-genomeResistance loci
PAK54 (Pakistan)A3, A6, A9, A10C1, C67
PAK93 (Pakistan)A5, A7C2, C5, C6, C76
DC21 (South Korea)A1, A3C53
K22 (Japan)In progress
Zhongyou 821 (China) A1, A3, A5, A6, A7, A9C1, C2, C3, C6, C911
A world collection of 180 B. napus accessionsA1, A2, A3, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C9114
cloned genes
Genes cloned from Zhongyou
GenesFunction in host resistanceReduction in sclerotinia severity
Hevein, lectin likePathogen recognition and binding40-50%
Lectin, concanavalin20-50%
Lectin, curculin40%
AnnexinTrafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, endocytosis, calcium ion channel formation30-40%
WRKY33Regulation of gene transcription20-30%
O-methyl transferaseGlucosinolate pathwaySmall inconsistant effect
PGIPInhibitor of fungal polygalacturonaseNo effect
check list
Twengström et al. 1989Canadian research 2018-2023App maintained 2023 onward
1. mm rainfall in the past 14 daysIn-depth survey of ~400 canola fields over 5 growing seasons will capture relationships between different rainfall patterns and the other risk factorsWeather data and analysis belong to WIN
2. Likelihood of rain in weather forecast
3. Number of years since last canola crop Conclusions regarding the in-depth survey is public information
4. Sclerotinia level in last canola crop
5. Plant density
6. Regional apothecia germination Who will continue this service?
Breeding plan
2013 PAK54 (resistant) x N99-508 (canola quality)population development
2014 F1 backcrossed to N99-508marker-assisted-selection
Plants selected based on SNP markersfield plots
2015 1st DH population Stem inoculation
2016 Agronomy, seed quality
Sclerotinia test
1st inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
2017 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2nd DH population
2018 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2019 2nd inter-cross of DH sister lines based on traits and SNP markers
Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2020 3rd DH population
Plants selected based on SNP markers
Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2021 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2022 Agronomy, seed quality, yield
Sclerotinia test
2023 Project ends March 31
Sheet1
Risk factorRisk points
1. Number of years since last canola crop0, 5 or 10
2. Sclerotinia incidence in last host crop0, 5, 10 or 15
3. Plant density0, 5 or 10
4. Rainfall in the last two weeks0, 5 or 10
5. Weather forecast0, 10 or 15
6. Regional risk for apothecia development0, 10 or 15
In-depth field survey of Canadian canola to determine the effect of1. Number of years since last canola crop2. Sclerotinia incidence in last host crop3. Plant density
Sclerotinia risk assessment at flowering
Plant density
10-year crop rotation
Sclerotinia disease severity in previous crops
Sclerotinia severity index at harvest (both frequency and severity)
Canola variety (new factor)
All interested extension specialists
75-100 canola
growers
Data from100 canola
fields per growing season
Project staff
Total database of 400 canola
fields for statistical analysis
Weather Innovations Consulting (WIN) will providelocation-specific and real-time rainfall data4. Rain in the last two weeks5. Weather forecast
Weather netwoeksWIN has >1100 weather stations in Alberta, Saskatchewan and ManitobaReceives data from Environment and Climate Change Canada (Federal Gov.) Other smaller weather networks
Quality check of dataMonitored daily and adjusted for anomalies (limit tests, other data nearby, radar maps etc.)
Algorithms for calculation of location-specific real-time rainfallCalculates location-specific rainfall data within a 50 km radius with the closest stations having more influence than more distant ones
Algorithms for local weather forecastsWeather forecast data from National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environment and Climate Change CanadaA few other sources.
‘Come Rain or Come Shine’
Sclerotia depots6. Regional risk of apothecia development
Volunteers bury depots (50 sclerotia) in canola fields and report % sclerotia germination via smartphones
Sclerotia on sterilized barley
Harvest of sclerotia Sclerotia readily germinate with apothecia
Maps of % sclerotia germination are posted on SaskCanola’s web site from May to August
Economic calculation
‘Gonna Change My Way Of Thinking’
The following relationship between disease severity and yield loss is built into the calculator:
% infected canola stems = 0.5% yield loss
Example: 10% infected stems = 5% yield loss
The App will advise growers to follow fungicide manufacturer’s instructions for fungicide rate and time of application
Expected % infected stems at harvest
Expected seed sales price
Fungicide costs
Expected yield
All other input costs
Results and fungicide recommendation
Technology transfer & user feed-back
Project staff
Extension specialists
Canola growers
Up-to-date information is easily distributed via App versions
Like rings in water
Future research
¸ Finish transfer of sclerotinia resistance into canola quality background with good agronomy and yield
¸ Continue to investigate defence genes that prevent fungal penetration of the plant cell, PEN1, PEN2, PEN3, and identify new defense genes effective against sclerotinia
¸ Sclerotinia risk App for smartphones
Funding for sclerotinia research is greatly appreciated
Canola Council of CanadaSclerotinia stem testing of coop lines (via WCC/RRC)Sclerotia depot project
SaskCanolaSeed of resistant B. napus linesMolecular markersTransfer of sclerotinia resistance to canola Identification of defense genesSclerotinia isolate survey
Weather Innovations In-kind via the sclerotia depot project
Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaAll of the above areas
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23