Road

Accid

ents Scotland

2002

9 780755 940219

ISBN 0-7559-4021-0

© Crown copyright 2003

Astron B28060 11-02

This document is also available on the Scottish Exexcutive website www.scotland.gov.uk

£10.00

Road Accidents Scotland 2002

A Scottish Executive National Statistics publication

w w w . s c o t l a n d . g o v . u k

ROAD ACCIDENTS SCOTLAND

2002

A Scottish Executive National Statistics publication

Brief extracts from this publication may be reproduced provided Road Accidents Scotland is fully acknowledged as the source. Proposals for larger extracts should be addressed to the enquiries address below.

Conventions

Symbols used: the following are used throughout: .. not available - or 0 nil or less than half the final digit shown n/a not applicable

Rounding: in some tables, where figures have been rounded independently, the sum of constituent items may not appear to agree exactly with the total shown.

Enquiries

Enquiries of a routine nature, or on the availability of the next edition of the publication, can be made to the Transport Statistics branch, by contacting:

Mr Scott Brand or Mr Andrew Knight Transport Statistics branch Scottish Executive Development Department Area 2C-13 Victoria Quay EDINBURGH EH6 6QQ

Telephone: 0131-244 7255 or 7256Fax: 0131-244 0888 E-mail: transtat@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

Major enquiries or suggestions for improvement to the publication should be addressed to: Mr Frank Dixon, Transport Statistician, at the address above.

Readers may request further analyses of the road accident statistics held in the Scottish Executive Transport Statistics branch database, but three points should be noted:

1. The Transport Statistics branch does not answer requests for local information: these should be addressed to the appropriate Police Force(s) or Council(s).

2. The amount of information that can be provided in response to requests may be limited, depending upon the resources that are available to carry out the work, and on any restrictions that may be necessary to maintain the confidentiality of the data.

3. A charge may be made, depending upon the amount of staff time required to answer a request.

Web version of the publication

Transport Statistics publications may be found on the Scottish Executive Statistics Website. Go to:

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/ and click on the link, in the list of “Statistics by topic” at the left of the screen, labelled "Transport and Travel" to get to the Transport Statistics “home page”. Then click on “Publications and Data”. You will then see the links to (e.g.)

All Transport Statistics publications that are available on the SE Web site Excel spreadsheet versions of the tables in the more recent editions.

Please see also the separate section, later in the publication, which provides more detailed information about the Transport Statistics pages which are available from the SE Statistics web site.

Further copies are available from The Stationery Office Bookshop, 71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh EH3 9AZ, Tel: 0870 606 55 66

2

ContentsPage

Introduction 5-8

List of tables in the Statistical Tables section 9-11

Summary 14-18

Commentary1. Trends in the numbers of Road Accidents and Casualties 21-25

2. Accidents 25-26

3. Motorists, breath testing and drink-driving 27-28

4. Casualties 28-32

5. Comparisons of Scottish figures against those of other countries 32-39

The casualty reduction targets for 2010 41-46

Statistical Tables Accidents 49-63

Accident costs 64-65

Vehicles involved 66-69

Drivers and riders 70-75

Drivers breath tested 76-81

Drink-drive accidents and casualties 82-83

Casualties 84-161

Annex A Calendar of events affecting road traffic 163-165

Annex B The collection of road accident statistics,

and examples of forms that could be used to collect the data 167-180

Annex C Consultation with users and providers of road accident statistics,

and reviews of the "Stats 19" specification and the statistical publications 181-183

Annex D Definitions used in road accident statistics 184-186

Annex E Local Government reorganisation and the Trunk Road Network 187-190

Annex F Frequency of use of values of most STATS 19 variables 191-195

Index 196-198

Reports of the results of the Road Safety research projectswhich were commissioned by the Scottish Executive 200-203

Scottish Executive Transport Statistics publications 204-205

Information available from the Transport Statistics page

on the Scottish Executive Web site 206

3

Combination Map

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Miles

Kilometres

Local Authorities / Police Areas

Numbered Areas12345678910

WEST DUNBARTONSHIREEAST DUNBARTONSHIRENORTH LANARKSHIREGLASGOW CITYEAST RENFREWSHIRERENFREWSHIREINVERCLYDECLACKMANNANSHIREFALKIRKWEST LOTHIAN

DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY

SCOTTISHBORDERS

SOUTHLANARKSHIRE

FIFE

DUNDEECITY

ABERDEENCITY

PERTHAND KINROSS

ANGUS

ABERDEENSHIRE

MORAY

SHETLAND

ORKNEY

WESTERNISLES

HIGHLAND

STIRLING

ARGYLLAND BUTE

NORTH AYRSHIRE

12

34

5

6

7

8

9

10

CITYOFEDINBURGH

MIDLOTHIAN

EASTLOTHIAN

EASTAYRSHIRE

SOUTHAYRSHIRE

LOCAL AUTHORITIES

POLICE AREAS

Astron Cartographic Centre B32892 10/2003 © Crown Copyright

DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAYCONSTABULARY

LOTHIAN AND BORDERSPOLICE

STRATHCLYDEPOLICE

FIFECONSTABULARY

TAYSIDE POLICE

CENTRALSCOTLAND

POLICE

NORTHERN CONSTABULARY

GRAMPIAN POLICE

4

Introduction

This publication presents statistics of the numbers of injury road accidents (that is, road accidents in which one or more people are injured or killed) in Scotland which were reported by the police using the “Stats 19” statistical returns (which are described in Annex B). Each accident is classified according to the severity of the injury to the most seriously injured person involved in the accident.

Following this Introduction, this publication has several parts. The Summary section shows the main trends in the numbers of road accidents and casualties in recent years. The Commentaryincludes descriptions of the trends in the numbers of road accidents and casualties, more detailed analyses (of the numbers of accidents, of the statistics about motorists, and of the numbers of casualties) and comparisons of the Scottish figures with some other countries' numbers. The next section provides information on the Casualty Reduction Targets for 2010. This is followed by the Charts and Statistical Tables. There are a number of Annexes, such as a calendar of events affecting road traffic, notes on the collection of road accident statistics (including examples of the kinds of forms that might be used), the definitions of various terms, and information about the changes to the trunk road network and the frequency of use of the values of most of the “Stats 19” variables. There is also an Index, and information about Scottish Executive Road Safety Research publications and Scottish Executive Transport Statistics publications.

The rest of this Introduction consists of sections on: 1. the status of the statistics; 2. the years covered in the tables; 3. road accident casualty reduction targets for the year 2010: comparisons with the annual averages for 1994-98; 4. estimates of the total volume of road traffic 5. the main changes in this edition.

1. The status of the statistics

Most of the data used in this publication were extracted from the Road Accidents statistical database early in September 2003. The statistics given here may differ slightly from those published elsewhere (such as the provisional figures which appeared in “Key Road Accident Statistics”, or previous editions’ figures for the earlier years) because they were extracted on a different date, and the database may have changed between the two dates (e.g.) due to late returns, or due to late corrections being made to returns which had been received earlier.

The information held in the Scottish Executive's Road Accident Statistics database was collected by the police following each accident, and subsequently reported to the Executive. The statistics produced from the Scottish Executive's database may differ from the figures which the relevant local authorities would provide, because the statistical data held by the Scottish Executive do not take account of any changes or corrections that local authorities may have made, for use at local level, to their copies of the statistical information. For example, local authorities may have corrected, in their copies of the data, the information about the location of some accidents, based upon their knowledge of the roads and areas concerned. In some cases, they may have concluded that an accident occurred in a different local authority area from that which was shown in the statistical return which was made to the Scottish Executive. Therefore, the numbers of accidents and casualties published here for some local authorities may differ from the figures that the local authorities themselves would quote.

2. The years covered in the tables

Some tables have figures for several individual years (e.g. for each year from 1998 to 2002) so that any trends in the key statistics can be seen. However, the more detailed tables provide figures only in the form of 5-year annual averages (e.g. for the years 1998-2002), and do not give figures for the

5

latest single year. If readers need versions of the detailed tables for single years, they can be provided on request (a charge may be made).

Some of the detailed tables in some earlier editions of the publication have not been repeated since. A list of statistics covered in more detail in previous editions can be found at the end of the Index. Readers may request updated versions of such tables (for which a charge may be made).

3. Road accident casualty reduction targets for the year 2010: comparisons with the annual averages for 1994-98

In many of the tables, the latest figures are compared with the annual averages for 1994-98. This is done because, in March 2000, the UK Government, the Scottish Executive and the National Assembly for Wales announced a new national road safety strategy and casualty reduction targets for 2010. These new targets were introduced to focus on achieving a further substantial improvement in road safety over the next ten years, with particular emphasis on child casualties. The new targets, which are given in the document “Tomorrow's roads - safer for everyone”, are based on the annual average casualty levels over the period 1994 to 1998. By 2010 it is hoped that there will be, compared with the average for 1994-98:

a 40% reduction in the number of people killed or seriously injured in road accidents. a 50% reduction in the number of children killed or seriously injured; and a 10% reduction in the slight casualty rate, expressed as the number of people slightly injured per 100 million vehicle kilometres.

Annual averages for 1994-98 are therefore included in many tables, so that readers can see how the latest figures compare with the "baselines" for these targets.

In addition, the section on the Casualty Reduction Targets for 2010 provides statistics related to these targets, plus a selection of key points. It contains charts and tables for each of the three targets showing the main trends in casualty numbers compared with the 1994-98 baseline averages, and with the numbers that might be expected in each year if the targets were to be achieved by means of a constant percentage reduction in each year.

The previous casualty reduction target, which was adopted by the Government in 1987, was to reduce the number of road casualties by one third from the 1981-85 average level by the year 2000. Tables in “Road Accidents Scotland 2000” showed for which types of casualty this target was achieved.

4. Estimates of the total volume of road traffic

Some tables include figures for the total volume of traffic, or accident or casualty rates calculated from them. The traffic estimates were provided by the Department for Transport (DfT), which produces estimates of the total volume of road traffic for Scotland and for other parts of Great Britain, using methods which are described in Chapter 6 of “Scottish Transport Statistics”. The estimates for 2002 and earlier years are based on data from a very small cross-section of the roads in Scotland: traffic counts taken at around 500 sites per year plus data from automatic traffic counters at about two dozen sites in Scotland (which are combined with data from counters at similar sites in England and Wales).

The figures which appeared in the previous edition have been revised, following improvements to DfT’s method of estimating the volume of traffic. In summer 2003, DfT produced revised estimates of traffic volumes, for each year back to 1993. Several points about these estimates should be noted: a. minor roads: DfT revised greatly the estimated total volume of traffic on minor roads (B, C and unclassified roads) in Scotland.

6

b. “urban / rural” and “built-up / non built-up” roads: DfT’s estimates are now based on an “urban / rural” classification of roads, not on the “built-up / non built-up” classification of roads used previously in traffic estimates (which is still used for the accident and casualty statistics). In general:

an “urban” road is a road (other than a Motorway) which lies within the boundaries of an urban area which had a population of 10,000 or more in 2001; a “built-up” road is one which has a speed limit of 40 m.p.h. or less.

The two classifications may differ markedly in some areas – for example, an area which has only small settlements will have all its traffic classed as being on roads which are “rural” (because all of the settlements’ populations are under 10,000), but may have a number of accidents which occur on roads which are classed as “built-up” (because their speed limits are 40 m.p.h. or less). One would get the wrong answer if one were to estimate (e.g.) that area’s accident rate for “built-up” roads by dividing its number of accidents on “built-up” roads by its estimated volume of traffic on “urban” roads. Therefore, estimates of “built-up” and “non built-up” accident rates are now provided in Table 5 only for Scotland as a whole – and it must be remembered that those estimates may not be precise, because of the difference between the two classifications. c. trunk roads: in DfT’s traffic estimates, roads are now classified as “trunk roads” or “local authority roads” on the basis of their “trunk road status” at a recent date, not on the basis of whether they were trunk roads in the year to which the estimates relate (the previous basis of traffic estimates). Therefore, DfT traffic estimates for “trunk roads” back to 1993 are now on the basis of the “current” trunk road network, and the series of figures does not have a discontinuity caused by the changes to the trunk road network with effect from April 1996. As a result, the traffic estimates for trunk roads for 1995 and earlier years should now be more directly comparable to the accident and casualty figures for trunk roads for those years, which are based on the “post-1 April 1996” trunk road network. Annex E provides more information on these matters. (NB: Table 41 shows a few “trunk road” casualties in Clackmannanshire and East Dunbartonshire - but there are no trunk roads in those Council areas. It seems that the few accidents concerned have been given incorrect trunk road indicators or Council codes in the “Stats 19” database: their records will be corrected before the next edition of the publication is produced.) d. further revisions to the estimates: the traffic estimates used to calculate the accident rates in Table 5 differ from those used for the other tables. Table 5 used the estimates which DfT provided early in July 2003, which were used to produce the tables in “Scottish Transport Statistics” . At that stage, DfT could supply the overall Scottish totals for minor roads, but not the figures for individual local authority areas for each year back to 1993. The latter were supplied in mid-October 2003, when they were needed to prepare Tables 41 and 42. At the same time, DfT provided slightly revised versions of its estimates of the total volume of traffic for major roads for 1998 and earlier years. These took account of some further work on the traffic estimates which DfT had done after providing the figures which were used to produce the tables in “Scottish Transport Statistics”.These revisions increased the estimated total volume of traffic on all roads in Scotland by an amount which varied between 1.2% (for 1993) and 0.1% (for 1998). As the overall effect of these revisions was small, and the deadline for finalising the material for the printer was approaching, it was decided not to change Table 5 to use these new estimates. However, Table G and Table 1 were amended to use the new totals for 1998 and earlier years, as that could be done easily and quickly.

Finally, please note that the DfT traffic estimates provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each Council area – and that the estimated totals for such areas are not National Statistics. DfT believes that its estimates of the volume of traffic on minor roads (i.e. B, C and unclassified roads) for Scotland as a whole are of acceptable quality. However, the 200 or so counts taken per year at minor road sites across Scotland represent an average of only 6-7 per local authority per year - clearly too few to be the basis of reliable estimates for individual local authority areas for each year. DfT must therefore estimate the total volume of traffic on minor roads in individual local authority areas in other ways. The assumptions which DfT must make in order to produce such estimates are described in "Scottish Transport Statistics". The resulting estimates, which are consistent with the overall totals for Scotland as a

7

whole, can only provide a broad indication of the likely total volume of traffic on minor roads in each local authority area. As a result:

it is not possible for DfT to quantify the possible "margins of error" around them; they are not classed as National Statistics; more detailed breakdowns of the estimates for individual local authority areas (e.g. separately for B, C and unclassified roads; or for urban roads and rural roads) are not published.

Similar considerations apply to DfT's estimates of the total volume of traffic on all local authority roads in each area, which are produced by adding together its estimates of traffic on local authority A roads and on minor roads.

In addition, DfT’s estimates of traffic on local authority A roads are not based on much data: as manual traffic counts are taken on a “rotating census” basis, there may be several years between successive counts at a particular site. Therefore, DfT notes that there could be some large errors in its traffic estimates for the major roads in some of the smaller local authority areas.

In conclusion: DfT provides its estimates of the total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each local authority area as the best that it can produce from the limited amount of data available to it - rough indications of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area, for use with caution, as no better estimates are available.

5. Main changes in this edition

Following the consultations described in section 5 of Annex C, the main changes which have been made in this edition are:

a map has been added, showing police force and local authority boundaries. in the Commentary, Figure 1 has been expanded, and now also shows DfT’s estimates of the volume of traffic on all roads (for those years for which this is available). Figure 2 has been replaced with three charts which show, from 1950, the numbers:-

killed,“killed and seriously injured” and “seriously injured”; and“all casualties” and “slightly injured casualties”.

part (c) of Table 5 no longer provides separate figures for “built-up” and “non built-up” local authority A roads, following the change to DfT’s traffic estimates (described earlier) Table 24 has been changed to:

provide a much more detailed breakdown by age groups; show road user types (based on groups of modes of transport) which are more like those which appear in some of the tables of “Road Casualties Great Britain”;show the total number of casualties split by sex; and give the 1994-98 averages.

a new Table 41 has been added showing slight casualty numbers, DfT traffic estimates and the slight casualty rates (relative to traffic volumes) for each local authority area. These figures are all broken down to show "trunk roads", "local authority roads" and "all roads". The table covers 1994 to 2002, and also provides the averages for 1994-98 and 1998-2002. a new Table 42 has been added showing the total number killed and seriously injured, children killed and seriously injured, slight casualties, DfT traffic estimates and the slight casualty rates (relative to traffic volumes) for each Police Force area. The table covers 1994 to 2002, and also provides the averages for 1994-98 and 1998-2002. a new Annex F shows the frequency of use of the values of most of the variables which were in the “Stats 19” returns for 2002.

8

List of tables in the Statistical Tables section Page

Table 1 Population, vehicles licensed, road lengths, traffic on all roads and on major roads, injury accidents,

vehicles involved and casualties, 1953 to 2002 49

Table 2 Accidents and casualties by severity, 1938 to 2002 50

AccidentsTable 3 Accidents by police force area and severity, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 52

Table 4 Accidents by road type and severity, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 53

Table 5 Accidents and accident rates by severity and road class by built-up and non built-up roads,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002; accident rates on major roads by police

force area and severity, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages 54

Table 6 Accidents by severity, month and road type, 1998-2002 average 58

Table 7 Accidents by light condition, road surface and severity

Built-up and non built-up roads, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 61

Table 8 Accidents by junction detail and severity, separately for built-up and non

built- up roads, 1998-2002 average 62

Accident Costs Details of calculation 64

Table 9 Average cost per casualty by severity for GB (£) at 2002 prices 65

Table 10 Costs per accident by element of cost and severity for GB (£) at 2002 prices 65

Table 11 Cost per accident by road type and severity in Scotland (£) for 2002 at 2002 prices 65

Table 12 Total estimated accident costs in Scotland (£ million) at 2002 prices,

by severity, 1992 to 2002 65

Vehicles Involved Table 13 Vehicles involved by type, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 66

Table 14 Vehicles involved by manoeuvre and type of vehicle, and junction detail and type of vehicle,

separately for built-up and non built-up roads, 1998-2002 average 67

Table 15 Cars involved in accidents by manoeuvre and type of accident,

separately for built-up and non built-up roads, 1998-2002 average 69

Drivers and Riders Table 16 Estimated distance between the home of the driver or rider and the location of accident, 2002 70

Table 17 Car drivers involved in accidents by manoeuvre and age of driver,

separately for built-up and non-built-up roads, 1998-2002 average 73

Table 18 Car drivers involved in accidents by age and sex of driver,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002 74

Drivers Breath Tested Table 19 Motorists involved in accidents, breath tested and breath test results, by

police force, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 76

Table 20 Motorists involved in accidents, breath tested and breath test results, by

day and time, 1998-2002 average 79

9

Table 21 Motorists involved in accidents, breath tested and breath test results, by

time of day, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002 80

Drink-drive Accidents and Casualties Table 22 Accidents which involved motor vehicle drivers or riders with illegal alcohol levels

by severity of accident; and casualties in such accidents, by severity,

1994-98 and 1997-2001 averages, 1991 to 2001 82

CasualtiesTable 23 Casualties by mode of transport and severity, separately

for built-up and non built-up roads, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002 84

Table 24 Casualties by mode of transport, age group, severity and sex,

1994-98 average, 2002 90

Table 25 Child and adult pedestrian, pedal cycle, car and other casualties

by severity, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 92

Table 26 Casualties by mode of motor transport, casualty class and severity,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 94

Table 27 Child casualties by time of day and mode of transport,

separately for weekdays/weekend, 1998-2002 average 96

Table 28 Adult casualties by time of day and mode of transport,

separately for weekdays/weekend, 1998-2002 average 98

Table 29 Child and adult casualties by month and mode of transport,

1998-2002 average 100

Table 30 Child and adult casualties by day of week and mode of transport,

1998-2002 average 102

Table 31 Population estimates, number of casualties and casualty rates

per thousand population, by age groups, 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 104

Table 32 Casualties by age and severity, separately for each mode of transport,

numbers and rates per thousand population, 1998-2002 average 106

Table 33 Casualties by speed limit, mode of transport and severity, 1998-2002 average 111

Table 34 Casualties by age, severity and sex, separately for each casualty class,

numbers and rates per thousand population, 1998-2002 average 112

Table 35 Child and adult pedestrian casualties in single vehicle accidents, by

pedestrian action, and pedestrian crossing details,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 116

Table 36 Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002 118

Table 37 Casualties by police force area, council and severity,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 2002 132

Table 38 Pedestrian casualties by police force area, council and severity,

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 2002 134

Table 39 Estimated distance between the home of the casualty and the location of the

Accident by road user type and police force, 2002 136

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Table 40 Killed & seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council

and road type: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1994 to 2002 138

Table 41 Slight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate,

by council and road type: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1994 to 2002 148

Table 42 casualties killed or seriously injured, child killed or seriously injured,

slight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty

rate by police force area: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1994 to 2002 159

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12

SUMMARY

13

Summary chart 1 Summary

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

Accidents (Fatal, Serious, Slight, and All severities) and Vehicles Licensed11975=100

index

1. The figure for Vehicles Licensed for 1993 onwards are on a different basis from those for earlier years. For details, and for other notes, please see the footnotes in Table 1.

Fatal

Serious

Slight

AllSeverities

VehiclesLicensed1

14

Summary

On Scotland's roads in 2002 there were: 14,317 injury accidents in which 19,248 people were injured; 3,518 people killed or seriously injured (305 of whom died); 11,822 casualties in cars, 155 of whom died; 3,309 pedestrian casualties, of whom 73 were killed; 1,164 motor cyclist casualties (of whom 46 were killed); 2,745 child casualties, 525 of whom were killed or seriously injured (14 of them died); 1,294 child pedestrian casualties, of whom 338 were killed or seriously injured (12 died).

Between 1992 and 2002: The number of fatal accidents fell by 35%, from 426 to 275; The total of fatal and serious accidents fell by 37%, from 4,694 to 2,944; The total number of accidents (all severities) fell by 20%, from 18,008 to 14,317; The number of people killed fell by 34%, from 463 to 305; The total of killed and serious casualties fell by 38%, from 5,639 to 3,518; The total number of casualties (all severities) fell by 20%, from 24,173 to 19,248; Car user casualties fell by 13%, from 13,555 to 11,822; Pedestrian casualties fell by 38%, from 5,350 to 3,309; Pedal cycle casualties fell by 36%, from 1,293 to 828; Motor cycle casualties fell by 6%, from 1,237 to 1,164; Male casualties fell by 22%, from 14,219 to 11,071; Female casualties fell by 18%, from 9,954 to 8,164; Casualties aged 16-22 fell by 33% from 5,382 to 3,582; Casualties aged 23-59 fell by 11% from 11,912 to 10,651; Casualties aged 60 and over fell by 22% from 2,832 to 2,220; Children killed fell from 41 to 14; Child killed and seriously injured casualties fell by 41% from 897 to 525; The total number of child casualties (all severities) fell by 32% from 4,047 to 2,745; Child pedestrian killed fell from 26 to 12; Child pedestrians killed and seriously injured casualties fell by 46% from 624 to 338; The total number of child pedestrian casualties fell by 41% from 2,199 to 1,294; The estimated number of drink-drive accidents fell by 19%, from about 990 (in 1991) to roughly 800 (in 2001 – the latest year for which estimates are available), and the estimated number of people killed in such accidents fell from about 80 to around 70 in the same period; The estimated total cost of all road accidents (including "damage only" accidents) at 2002 prices fell by 31%, from £1,942 million to £1,344 million.

Over the longer-term: Between 1952 and 2002 (inclusive), almost 31,400 people were killed, and a total of about 1.326 million people were either killed or injured, in accidents on Scotland's roads; In 1962 (the earliest year for which a figure is readily available), there were roughly 775,000 vehicles licensed in Scotland, whereas in 2002 the vehicle population stood at 2.330 million. Over the same period, the number of casualties fell from about 26,700 to around 19,200. Thus, whilst the vehicle stock has more than trebled, the number of casualties has actually fallen by over a quarter.

15

Summary chart 2 Summary

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

1947

-51

1949

-53

1951

-55

1953

-57

1955

-59

1957

-61

1959

-63

1961

-65

1963

-67

1965

-69

1967

-71

1969

-73

1971

-75

1973

-77

1975

-79

1977

-81

1979

-83

1981

-85

1983

-87

1985

-89

1987

-91

1989

-93

1991

-95

1993

-97

1995

-99

1997

-01

All

Slight

Killed & Serious

Serious

Killed

Casualties: 5 year moving average (1947/51 to 1998/02)

16

Summary road accident and casualty statistics: 1992 to 2002

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Accidents

Fatal 426 359 319 361 316 340 339 285 297 309 275Fatal & serious 4,694 4,010 4,643 4,432 3,631 3,652 3,657 3,494 3,303 3,146 2,944All severities 18,008 16,686 16,768 16,534 16,073 16,646 16,519 15,416 15,120 14,722 14,317

Accidents on built-up(1) roadsFatal 167 129 102 124 111 89 116 95 93 91 71Fatal & serious 2,753 2,270 2,769 2,633 2,043 1,988 2,000 1,936 1,766 1,646 1,591All severities 12,165 10,994 11,402 11,123 10,710 10,920 10,743 9,989 9,766 9,434 9,166

Accidents on non built-up(1) roadsFatal 259 230 217 237 205 251 223 190 204 218 204Fatal & serious 1,941 1,740 1,874 1,799 1,588 1,664 1,657 1,558 1,537 1,500 1,353All severities 5,843 5,692 5,366 5,411 5,363 5,726 5,776 5,427 5,354 5,288 5,151

Drink-drive accidents and casualties(2)

Accidents 860 840 790 790 750 790 740 750 780 800 ..Casualties (all severities) 1,230 1,280 1,170 1,210 1,170 1,220 1,090 1,110 1,150 1,190 ..Killed 60 60 80 50 50 40 50 60 40 70 ..

Killed by mode of transportPedestrian 161 127 111 121 106 87 96 89 72 76 73Pedal cycle 12 18 5 11 15 9 13 8 12 10 8Motor cycle 38 33 24 33 29 37 33 30 39 49 46Car 221 198 197 221 185 219 223 169 183 194 155Other (eg taxi, bus, good 31 23 26 23 22 25 20 14 20 19 23All modes of transport 463 399 363 409 357 377 385 310 326 348 305

Killed or seriously injured casualties by modePedestrian 1,744 1,450 1,647 1,587 1,279 1,211 1,156 1,143 996 917 886Pedal cycle 222 232 316 292 216 210 210 189 176 171 150Motor cycle 491 400 353 395 300 358 371 431 474 454 457Car 2,749 2,388 2,804 2,653 2,293 2,365 2,390 2,004 1,979 1,950 1,775Other (eg taxi, bus, good 433 383 451 412 310 280 330 308 268 263 250All modes of transport 5,639 4,853 5,571 5,339 4,398 4,424 4,457 4,075 3,893 3,755 3,518

All casualties by mode, by sex and by agePedestrian 5,350 4,716 4,730 4,635 4,326 4,155 4,077 3,763 3,602 3,406 3,309Pedal cycle 1,293 1,192 1,384 1,323 1,297 1,272 1,140 1,017 882 916 828Motor cycle 1,237 1,105 930 971 850 948 976 1,025 1,128 1,177 1,164Car 13,555 12,899 12,927 12,974 13,033 14,034 13,834 12,906 12,651 12,288 11,822Other (eg taxi, bus, good 2,738 2,503 2,602 2,291 2,210 2,220 2,440 2,292 2,245 2,119 2,125All modes of transport 24,173 22,415 22,573 22,194 21,716 22,629 22,467 21,003 20,508 19,906 19,248Male 14,219 12,844 13,122 12,874 12,367 12,788 12,707 11,889 11,529 11,302 11,071Female 9,954 9,571 9,451 9,320 9,349 9,841 9,760 9,114 8,954 8,576 8,164Child: 0 - 15 4,047 3,691 4,163 3,935 3,827 3,798 3,535 3,196 3,000 2,920 2,745Young adult: 16-22 5,382 4,541 4,511 4,274 4,262 4,314 4,170 3,968 3,592 3,703 3,582Adult: 23-59 11,912 11,466 11,391 11,414 11,081 12,017 12,268 11,504 11,496 10,926 10,651Older adults: 60+ 2,832 2,717 2,508 2,571 2,546 2,500 2,494 2,291 2,339 2,288 2,220

Child killed by mode of transportPedestrian 26 21 18 16 16 15 18 17 13 14 12Pedal cycle 7 6 4 3 6 1 3 1 4 4 -Car 6 9 10 11 3 9 9 6 4 2 2Other (eg m/c, taxi, bus.. 2 3 5 - 2 1 2 1 - - -All modes of transport 41 39 37 30 27 26 32 25 21 20 14

Child killed or seriously injured casualties by mode Pedestrian 624 515 674 638 540 505 455 430 378 353 338Pedal cycle 91 85 144 113 100 78 64 69 65 56 46Car 144 143 161 153 118 138 153 108 94 109 111Other (eg m/c, taxi, bus.. 38 33 50 46 32 24 26 18 24 25 30All modes of transport 897 776 1,029 950 790 745 698 625 561 543 525

All child casualties by modePedestrian 2,199 1,982 2,078 2,048 1,909 1,894 1,762 1,617 1,486 1,475 1,294Pedal cycle 539 468 629 550 571 518 415 374 330 307 277Car 1,034 993 1,066 1,059 1,047 1,180 1,117 981 965 947 928Other (eg m/c, taxi, bus.. 275 248 390 278 300 206 241 224 219 191 246All modes of transport 4,047 3,691 4,163 3,935 3,827 3,798 3,535 3,196 3,000 2,920 2,745

Accident costs (£ million)( 1,942.1 1,715.5 1,775.7 1,786.1 1,588.0 1,636.2 1,643.9 1,468.6 1,450.1 1,440.2 1,344.5

1. "Built-up" roads have a speed limit of up to 40mph; "Non built-up" roads have a speed limit of over 40mph2. Estimates, adjusted for under-reporting as described in the text accompanying Table 22. The latest year's estimates are not yet available.3. Estimated total costs (including "damage only" accidents) at 2001 prices, calculated as described in the text accompanying Tables 9 to 12.

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Summary of accidents and casualties by police force area, council and severity: 2002

Accidents Casualties Child casualties

Fatal Serious Slight Total Killed Serious Slight Total All severities

Northern 25 176 543 744 27 231 850 1,108 138 Highland 21 145 462 628 23 190 714 927 110 Orkney Islands - 7 33 40 - 9 54 63 10 Shetland Islands 2 9 17 28 2 13 25 40 6 Eilean Siar 2 15 31 48 2 19 57 78 12

Grampian 45 207 891 1,143 50 263 1,219 1,532 176 Aberdeen City 6 58 327 391 6 64 409 479 52 Aberdeenshire 29 112 441 582 32 150 637 819 92 Moray 10 37 123 170 12 49 173 234 32

Tayside 23 255 890 1,168 27 314 1,242 1,583 252 Dundee City 3 60 296 359 3 71 399 473 99 Angus 6 78 279 363 7 89 406 502 93 Perth & Kinross 14 117 315 446 17 154 437 608 60

Fife 26 187 527 740 29 249 802 1,080 145

Lothian & Borders 33 425 2,592 3,050 38 498 3,387 3,923 523 Edinburgh, City of 11 196 1,447 1,654 12 209 1,755 1,976 261 West Lothian 5 52 435 492 5 62 596 663 100 Midlothian 3 42 185 230 3 58 258 319 56 East Lothian 5 36 183 224 9 52 272 333 51 Scottish Borders 9 99 342 450 9 117 506 632 55

Central 21 193 528 742 24 230 734 988 114 Clackmannanshire 3 29 64 96 4 40 90 134 23 Stirling 7 83 214 304 8 99 297 404 40 Falkirk 11 81 250 342 12 91 347 450 51

Strathclyde 88 1,146 5,070 6,304 92 1,318 7,036 8,446 1,313 Glasgow, City 13 365 1,753 2,131 13 379 2,277 2,669 392 Argyll & Bute 8 81 200 289 8 124 325 457 69 West Dunbartonshire 1 42 200 243 1 48 249 298 52 East Dunbartonshire 1 37 186 224 1 39 255 295 50 Inverclyde 3 34 160 197 3 35 246 284 39 Renfrewshire 6 85 388 479 6 91 541 638 98 East Renfrewshire 2 30 100 132 2 40 146 188 27 North Lanarkshire 15 122 666 803 15 140 966 1,121 194 South Lanarkshire 17 146 701 864 18 171 996 1,185 195 North Ayrshire 4 64 262 330 4 74 345 423 71 East Ayrshire 9 69 235 313 11 81 343 435 67 South Ayrshire 9 71 219 299 10 96 347 453 59

Dumfries & Galloway 14 80 332 426 18 110 460 588 84

Scotland 275 2,669 11,373 14,317 305 3,213 15,730 19,248 2,745

of which: Built up roads 71 1,520 7,575 9,166 74 1,636 9,684 11,394 2,088 Non- built up roads 204 1,149 3,798 5,151 231 1,577 6,046 7,854 657

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Commentary

19

Figure 1 Accidents by severity, 1966 to 2002

Accidents TrafficNumbers million

vehiclekilometres

(1) The traffic figures for 1993 to 2001 (inclusive) differ from those which were available previously, as DfT has revised its method of estimating traffic volumes for 1993 onwards - for details see "Scottish Transport Statistics" .

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Fatal & Serious accidents

All injury accidents

Traffic - M and A roads

Traffic all roads

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Commentary

1. Trends in the numbers of Road Accidents and Casualties

1.1 Main Points

Table 1 provides figures for the population of Scotland, the numbers of vehicles licensed, the total road length in Scotland, the volume of traffic on both major roads (motorways and A roads) and on all roads, the numbers of injury road accidents, the numbers of vehicles involved and the numbers of casualties. The numbers of injury road accidents were first recorded separately in 1966, while the numbers of casualties are available back to 1938. Information on the severities of the accidents, and of the injuries suffered by the casualties, is provided in Table 2. Figure 1 shows the trends since 1966 in the numbers of injury road accidents, and Figure 2 to 4 show the trends since 1950 for the numbers of casualties.

The numbers of injury road accidents have fallen in most of the past ten years. In 2002, the number of fatal accidents fell to the lowest number since the current records of their numbers began in 1970. The number of serious injury accidents in 2002 (2,669) fell by 168 to the lowest number since the records of serious accidents began in 1970. The number of “slight injury” accidents (11,373) in 2002 was 2% less than in the previous year, and also the lowest number since current records began in 1970.

The number of people killed in road accidents in Scotland in 2002 was 305, 43 (12%) less than in 2001. The 2002 figure was the lowest for more than 50 years.

There were 3,213 people recorded as seriously injured in road accidents in 2002, 194 (6%) fewer than in 2001. This was the lowest number since records of the numbers of serious injuries began in 1950.

In 2002, 15,730 people were recorded as slightly injured. This is the lowest figure recorded since 1955, and was 421 (3%) fewer than in 2001.

The total number of casualties in 2002 was 19,248. This was 658 (3%) less than in 2001, and was the lowest figure for more than 45 years.

The reductions in the numbers of accidents and casualties in recent years are even more significant given that (for example) in 2002 the number of vehicles licensed in Scotland was about a quarter higher than in 1993 and that traffic on Scottish roads was estimated to have grown by about a sixth since 1993.

1.2 Accidents

In 1966 there were just over 23,200 injury road accidents and the annual total remained around this level until 1973. Numbers then dropped considerably in 1974 and 1975 to about 20,600. This was the time of a fuel crisis when a national speed limit of 50 mph was introduced and the volume of traffic in Great Britain fell by 3% in 1974. Accident numbers increased again in 1976 and reached a peak of nearly 23,100 in 1979.

In the early 1980s numbers began to fall, and did so particularly sharply in 1983 when the total number of injury accidents fell by 7% in a single year to 19,400, serious accidents fell by 13% to just over 6,400, and fatal accidents fell by 11% to 568. The year 1983 was when the 1981 Transport Act came into force and changed the law relating to drink driving, with the introduction of evidential

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Figure 2

Figure 3

Killed casualties - from 1950

0100200300400500600700800900

1,000

1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

Killed & Serious casualties and Seriously injured casualties - from 1950

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

Killed & Serious casualties Seriously injured casualties

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breath testing. Compulsory front seat belt wearing and new procedures for licensing learner motor cyclists were also introduced in 1983. After 1983 the total number of injury accidents increased again to over 20,600 in 1985, and the number of serious accidents rose to just over 6,500 while fatal accidents continued to fall.

By 1987 the total number of injury accidents had fallen to under 18,700, but in 1989 it was up again to just over 20,600. 1989 was the most recent peak in the total number of injury accidents. Since 1989, the total number of injury accidents has fallen in 10 out of 13 years, and in 2002 it was at the lowest level ever recorded. The 2002 figure of 14,317 was 3% less than in 2001.

Since the late 1980s, the number of fatal accidents has fallen considerably from 517 in 1987 to 275 in 2002. For serious accidents, the trend has also been downwards. The number of serious accidents has fallen from (for example) 5,814 in 1989 to 2,669 in 2002, the lowest number ever recorded. The numbers of slight accidents have not changed as much over the years: while sometimes rising and sometimes falling, they remained between 12,000 and 15,000 throughout the period from 1970 to 1998. The most recent "peak" level was 14,443 in 1990. However, they fell below 12,000 in 1999, and the 2002 figure of 11,373 was the lowest since slight accident numbers were first recorded in 1970.

1.3 Casualties

As the numbers of accidents have fallen, so have the numbers of casualties. Therefore, this section does not repeat the previous section’s detailed analysis of how the numbers have changed.

Numbers killed

The number of people killed in road accidents in Scotland in 2002 was 305. This was the lowest figure for more than 50 years. With a few exceptions, there has been a fall in each year since 1978, and for most of that period the figures show a clear, steady long-term downward trend, particularly between 1982 and 1994. Since then, the numbers appear to have been fluctuating around a less pronounced downwards trend. The number in 2002 was 13% below the average for the previous five years (349).

Numbers seriously injured

There were 3,213 people recorded as seriously injured in road accidents in 2002: 194 (6%) fewer than in 2001. The 2002 figure is the lowest number since the current records of the numbers of serious injuries began in 1950. The long term trend shows that the number of serious casualties peaked in the early 1970's at around 10,000 and has generally been falling since the early 1980's. However, there has been some fluctuation around the long-term downwards trend, and there appeared to be a levelling-off when the figures for 1996, 1997 and 1998 were all around 4,050. But the number of people seriously injured in 2002 was about 840 below that level, so it appears that the downward trend has resumed.

Numbers slightly injured

There were 15,730 people recorded as slightly injured in 2002: 421 (3%) fewer than in 2001, and the lowest number since 1955. Between 1970 and 1990, the figures fluctuated in a range which was broadly 17,000 to 21,000. The fall between 1990 and 1995 in the number of people with slight injuries, followed by an apparent levelling-off at around 17-18,000 in each of the years from 1996 to 1999, could have been a continuation of that pattern. However, the figures for 2000, 2001 and 2002 were all below the bottom of that range and are suggesting a downward trend.

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All casualties andSlightly injured casualties - from 1950

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

All casualties Slightly injured casualties

Figure 4

24

Total numbers of casualties

The total number of casualties (of all severities) in 2002 was 19,248, 658 (3%) fewer than in 2001. This represented the lowest number of casualties since 1954. Between about 1970 and 1990, the figures appeared to fluctuate greatly about a general downward trend. Subsequently, the total number of casualties fell markedly from the level of the most recent "short-term" peak (which was over 27,000 in both 1989 and 1990), before appearing to level off: the figures for each of the years from 1993 to 1998 were all within about 600 (3%) of the average of around 22,330 for those six years. However, as the totals for 1999 to 2002 were all under 21,100, it appears that the downward trend has resumed.

Government targets for reductions in the numbers of road accident casualties.

In 1987 the Government adopted a target to reduce road casualties by one third from the 1981-85 annual average by the year 2000. The number of people killed on the roads in Scotland in 2000 was 49% below the 1981-85 average number of fatalities per year, and therefore the target of a one-third reduction by the year 2000 was exceeded for fatalities. For seriously injured casualties, the 2000 figure was 57% below the 1981-85 average, so the target was bettered for seriously injured casualties. However, the figure of 16,615 slight casualties in 2000 was only 9% below the 1981-85 average and so the target of a one-third reduction was not achieved for slight casualties. And, the total number of casualties (of all severities) in 2000 was 24% below the 1981-85 average, and therefore the target of a one-third reduction in the total number of casualties was not met.

In March 2000, the UK Government, the Scottish Executive and the National Assembly for Wales announced a new national road safety strategy and casualty reduction targets for 2010. A separate section on the casualty reduction targets for 2010 (which appears after this Commentary) provides statistics related to these targets, plus a selection of key points. It contains charts and tables for each of the three targets showing the main trends in casualty numbers in comparison to the 1994-98 baseline averages, and to the numbers that might be expected in each year if the targets were to be achieved by means of a constant percentage reduction in each year.

2. Accidents

2.1 Accidents by road type and severity (see Table 4)

Table 4 shows separate figures for trunk roads and for local authority roads. Trunk roads accounted for only small proportions of the total numbers of accidents in 2002: very roughly, around a third of fatal accidents, around a sixth of the total of fatal and serious accidents, and around a seventh of all accidents. The trunk road network’s shares of accident numbers in previous years were broadly similar.

When looking at changes over time in the numbers of accidents by type of road, one must remember that the changes for different types of road will be affected by the transfer of traffic away from some roads by the opening of city and town bypasses, and by the construction of new roads with higher average traffic volumes. Therefore, such figures do not provide an accurate measure of the comparative change in the road safety performance of different types of road.

Several changes were made to the trunk road network with effect from 1st April 1996. Annex E refers to them, and explains why the 1994-98 averages for trunk roads and for local authority major roads have been calculated by counting accidents which occurred prior to 1st April 1996 on the basis of whether they occurred on roads which were part of the “post- 1 April 1996” trunk road network.

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2.2 Accident rates (see Table 5)

Accident rates showing the number of accidents per 100 million vehicle kilometres are contained in parts B and C of table 5. These are calculated by dividing the numbers of accidents on each type of road by the estimated volumes of traffic on those roads, which were provided by the Department for Transport, and which are available for all types of road with effect from 1993.

Accident rates have fallen markedly since the early 1990s. The overall fatal accident rate has dropped from 0.82 per 100 million vehicle kilometres in 1993 to 0.53 in 2002; the "fatal and serious" accident rate fell from 9.13 to 5.69; and the overall accident rate (all severities) reduced from 37.98 per 100 million vehicle kilometres to 27.67. Motorways had consistently lower accident rates than A roads. Leaving aside the relatively low rate for fatal accidents, minor roads (taken together as a group) tend to have higher accident rates than major roads, and accident rates tend to be higher for "built-up" roads (roads with speed limits of up to 40mph) than for "non built-up" roads (ones with higher speed limits).

Estimates for the total volume of traffic by police force area are now available for all roads back to 1993 on a consistent basis. Part C of the table shows that estimated accident rates vary considerably by police force area. Some of this variation may be attributed to the distribution of traffic by road type within individual areas. The accident rates were calculated by dividing the total number of accidents which occurred in each five year period by the total of the estimated volumes of traffic for the same period.

2.3 Accidents by month by road type (see Table 6)

The numbers of injury accidents over the years 1998-2002 were fairly evenly spread throughout the year, with a minor peak in November, which was 13% above the average monthly number of accidents. Fatal and serious accidents (taken together) were similarly well spread across the months, and their minor peak, which occurred in August, was 16% above the monthly average. (To allow more equitable comparisons the months are standardised to 30 days.)

On average, there were 25 fatal accidents per month in the years 1998 to 2002. The number did not vary greatly between the months: the lowest average was 21, and the highest was 31.

2.4 Accidents by light condition and road surface condition (see Table 7)

The severity of accidents is associated with the light and road surface conditions, and also with whether the accident occurs on a built-up road or on a non built-up road. Presumably, because of the higher average speeds on non built-up roads, severity rates are higher on non built-up roads than on built-up roads. And presumably, because of poorer visibility, severity rates are higher in darkness than in daylight. For example, taking the annual averages for 1998-2002, 4.7% of injury road accidents on non built-up roads in darkness (75 out of 1,588) resulted in one (or more) deaths compared with 1.5% of accidents on built-up roads in darkness (42 out of 2,732) and 3.5% of accidents on non built-up roads in daylight (133 out of 3,812). Similarly, the percentage of accidents classified as either fatal or serious is higher for non built-up roads in darkness than for either built-up roads in darkness or non built-up roads in daylight.

Severity rates did not appear to be higher when the road surface condition was wet, damp or flooded, or affected by snow, frost or ice. For example, taking the annual averages for 1998 to 2002, the percentage of accidents on non built-up roads classified as fatal or serious when the road surface condition was dry was 31.2% (737 out of 2,362) compared with 26.7% (688 out of 2,578) when the surface was wet and 19.6% (84 out of 428) when it was affected by snow, frost or ice.

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3. Motorists, breath testing and drink-driving

3.1 Car driver accident rates (see Table 18)

All car drivers involved in injury accidents are included in this table, whether they were injured or not, on the basis of whatever information is known about their ages and their sex. For example, someone whose sex was known, but whose age was not known, will be included in the “all ages” total for the appropriate sex. The grand total includes those for whom neither the age nor the sex was known.

As the car driver accident rates that are shown for each sex and age group are on a “per head of population” basis, rather than being based upon the numbers of driving licence holders or upon the distance driven, they can provide only a general indication of the relative accident rates for each group. The statistics do not provide a measure of the relative risk of each group as car drivers, because they do not take account of the differing levels of car driving by each group.

Car driver accident rates per head of population vary markedly by age and sex. In 2002, the overall rate was 4.3 per thousand population aged 17+. The peak occurs for males in the 17-22 age group, with a rate of 10.3 per thousand population in 2002. This rate is more than double that for females of the same age (4.3 per thousand in 2002), and is almost double the rate for males aged 30-59 (5.7 per thousand in 2002).

The overall male car driver accident rate in 2002 (5.8 per thousand) was less than in the previous year, and this was the case for each group apart from the 60+ age group, for whom the rate increased from 2.9 to 3.0 per thousand population. The overall female car driver accident rate in 2002 (2.9 per thousand) was a reduction on the previous year, and this was the case for each group apart from the 60+ for whom the rate did not change.

Between 1992 and 2002, the male car driver accident rate fell from 7.8 to 5.8 per thousand population, whereas the female car driver accident rate remained around 3.0 per thousand population (with some year-to-year fluctuations). As a result, the overall, ratio of male to female car driver accident rates has fallen from 2.7 : 1 for 1992 to 2.0 : 1 in 2002.

3.2 Breath testing of drivers (see Tables 19, 20 and 21)

These tables cover all motorists who were known to be involved in injury road accidents (the figures do not include, for example, those involved in “hit and run” accidents who were not traced). For these tables, a motorist is defined as the driver or the rider of a motor vehicle, including (e.g.) a motorcyclist.

In 2002, 63% of motorists involved in accidents were asked for a breath test (the percentage varied among the police forces, from about 46% to around 83%). The breath test proved positive (or the motorist refused to take the test) for 3.5% of those drivers breathalysed. This represented 2.2% of the total number of motorists involved (including those who were not asked for a breath test). While these percentages have not changed much in the past five years, the number of “positive / refused breath test” cases fell from 548 in 1998 to 506 in 2002.

Tables 20 and 21 show the figures for each time of day on different days of the week (Table 20 gives the averages for 1998 to 2002), and for a number of years (Table 21). In 2002, 42% of the “positive / refused” cases occurred between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m.: 83 between 9 p.m. and midnight, plus 129 between midnight and 3 a.m., out of a total of 506. The number of “positive / refused” cases, expressed as a percentage of motorists involved in accidents, was highest (at 15 – 16%) between midnight and 6 a.m., but varied depending upon the day of the week, from 9.2% (the average for 3 a.m. to 6 a.m. for Mondays to Thursdays) to 21.4% (3 a.m. to 6 a.m. on Sundays), using 1998 to

27

2002 averages. The period from 9 p.m. to midnight had the second highest number of “positive / refused” cases, but the equivalent percentages were not as high (varying between about 4% and 8%), because between 9 p.m. and midnight there were many more accidents than between midnight and 3 a.m.

3.3 Drink-drive accidents and casualties (see Table 22)

Table 22 shows the estimates (made by the Department for Transport) of the numbers of injury road accidents involving illegal alcohol levels. They are higher than the number of drivers with positive breath test results (or who refused to take the breath test) because they include allowances for the numbers of cases where drivers were not breath tested because of the severity of their injuries, or because they left the scene of the accident. Information about the blood alcohol levels of road users who died within 12 hours of being injured in a road accident is supplied by the Procurators Fiscal.

The estimates show that the numbers of drink-drive accidents and casualties fell by 19% and 21% respectively between 1991 and 2001 (the latest year for which estimates are available): from about 990 to roughly 800 (accidents) and from around 1,510 to some 1,190 (casualties). While fluctuating from year to year, the number of people killed as a result of drink-drive accidents is estimated to have fallen from about 80 in 1991 to around 70 in 2001. The number of serious casualties is estimated to have dropped by around two fifths (from roughly 400 in 1991 to some 250 in 2001).

4. Casualties

4.1 Casualties by type of road (see Table 23)

In 2002, “non built-up” roads accounted for two-fifths of the total number of casualties (41%: 7,854 out of 19,248). However, presumably because average speeds are higher on non built-up roads than elsewhere, they accounted for over three quarters of those killed (76%: 231 out of 305) and for over half of the total number of killed and seriously injured combined (51%: 1,808 out of 3,518).

Compared with 1992, the fall in the total number of casualties has been greater for built-up roads (23%) than elsewhere (16%), and the difference between the two types of road is even greater for the numbers killed (down by 56% for built-up roads compared with 22% elsewhere). However, over the years, some traffic will have been transferred away from built-up roads by the opening of city and town bypasses, and by the construction of non built-up roads with higher average traffic volumes. Therefore, these figures do not provide an accurate measure of the comparative change in the road safety performance of “built-up” and “non built-up” roads.

4.2 Casualties by mode of transport (see Table 23)

A total of 11,822 car users were injured in road accidents in 2002, representing 61% of all casualties. Of these car users, 155 died. There were 3,309 pedestrian casualties (17% of the total), of whom 73 died, 828 pedal cycle casualties (4% of the total), of whom 8 died, and 1,164 motorcycle casualties (6% of the total), of whom 46 died. Because of the numbers of car user, pedestrian, pedal cyclist and motor cyclist casualties, the figures for each of these four groups of road users are the subject of separate sections, which follow this one, and are followed by a section on child casualties, which gives details of their modes of transport.

Together, all the modes of transport other than the four mentioned above accounted for 2,125 casualties in 2002 (11% of the total), and for smaller percentages of the numbers of killed and seriously injured. These included 859 bus and coach users injured in 2002, of whom 59 suffered serious injuries (none died) - these low proportions presumably being due to the greater protection of their passengers by buses and coaches. There were also 390 casualties who were travelling in light

28

goods vehicles, 369 people in heavy goods vehicles, 248 users of taxis, 114 users of minibuses and 145 people with another means of transport.

4.3 Car user casualties

A total of 11,822 car users were injured in road accidents in 2002, representing 61% of all casualties. Of these people, a total of 1,775 were either killed or seriously injured, 155 of whom died. Non built-up roads accounted for a little over half of all car user casualties (53%: 6,280 out of 11,822). Presumably because average speeds are higher on non-built up roads, they accounted for much higher percentages of the total numbers of car users who were killed (91%: 141 out of 155) or were killed or seriously injured (72%: 1,280 out of 1,775). (see Table 23)

The number of car users killed in 2002 was 20% less than the 2001 figure, the number who were killed or seriously injured fell by 9% and in the total number of casualties of all severities was down by 4%. Since 1992, the number killed has dropped by 30%, and there have been falls of 35% in the number who were killed or seriously injured and of 13% in the total number of car user casualties. (see Table 23)

Looking at annual averages over the years 1998-2002, the killed and seriously injured casualty rate for 16-22 year old car users was 1.12 per thousand population. This was much higher than the rate for car users in the older age groups, which varied from 0.27 to 0.66 per thousand population . (seeTable 32)

On average, over the years 1998-2002, about three-quarters of car user fatalities occurred on roads with a speed limit of 60mph. Such roads accounted for about two thirds of those car users who were killed or seriously injured, but for only around two fifths of the total number of car user casualties (of all severities). (see Table 33)

Adult car users

On weekdays, the peak time for adult car user casualties was from 4pm to 6pm. The 5pm to 6pm average of 739 (the annual average for the years 1998-2002) was 22% higher than the average of 605 in the morning 8am to 9am peak. (see Table 28)

Adult car user casualties varied by month, with fewer in the period between March and May (inclusive) and more between October and December. The peak month was November, which had 31% more adult car user casualties than the lowest month, March (annual averages over the years 1998-2002; months standardised to 30 days). (see Table 29)

Friday had the peak numbers of adult car user casualties over the years 1998-2002 with 17% more than the average daily number of adult car user casualties. (see Table 30)

4.4 Pedestrian casualties

There were 3,309 pedestrian casualties in 2002: 17% of all casualties. Of these, 886 were killed or seriously injured (73 died). Presumably because of the greater vulnerability of pedestrians, a high proportion (25%) of the total number of people who were killed or seriously injured were pedestrians. In addition, 27% of pedestrian casualties were fatally or seriously injured (886 out of 3,309) compared with 18% of all casualties (3,518 out of 19,248). About 95% of pedestrian casualties occurred on built-up roads (3,136 out of 3,309). Perhaps because of higher average speeds on non built-up roads, 45% of the pedestrian casualties on such roads were killed or seriously injured(78 out of 173) compared with 26% on built-up roads (808 out of 3,136). (see Table 23)

Both the number of pedestrians killed and seriously injured and the overall number of pedestrian casualties in 2002 were 3% less than in 2001. Since 1992, the number of pedestrians killed has fallen by 55%, the number who were killed or seriously injured has dropped by 49%, and there has

29

been a 38% reduction in the total number of pedestrian casualties. Looking at the annual average for the period 1998 to 2002, the pedestrian fatality rate was higher for those aged 70+ (0.04 per thousand population) than for any other age-group. However, the 12-15 age-group had the highest ‘killed and serious’ and ‘all severities’ pedestrian casualty rates (0.51 and 2.02 per thousand population, respectively). The corresponding casualty rates for the 5-11 age-group were only slightly lower. (see Tables 23 & 32)

The overall pedestrian ‘all severities’ casualty rate for males was 0.91 per thousand population, compared with 0.54 per thousand for females, using the averages for the period 1998 to 2002. (seeTable 34)

Adult pedestrian casualties

On average, in the period 1998 to 2002, on weekdays, the peak time for adult pedestrian casualties was from 4pm to 6pm; at weekends it was from midnight to 2am. (see Table 28)

December was the peak month for adult pedestrian casualties, with 40% more than the monthly average. Adult pedestrian casualties in the four “winter” months, November to February, were 25% more than the monthly average (annual averages over the years 1998-2002; months standardised to 30 days). (see Table 29)

Friday has the highest number of adult pedestrian casualties; 22% more than the daily average over the period 1998 to 2002. (see Table 30)

In 2002, 10% of adult pedestrian casualties involved in single vehicle accidents were recorded as crossing the road within 50 metres of a pedestrian crossing, 1% were within the “zig-zag” around the crossing, and 10% were recorded as being on a pedestrian crossing. (see Table 35)

4.5 Pedal Cycle Casualties

There were 828 pedal cycle casualties in 2002, 10% less than the previous year. The combined total of killed and seriously injured pedal cycle casualties in 2002 was 150, 12% less than in 2001. There were 8 pedal cycle fatalities in 2002, two fewer than in 2001. Since 1992 there has been a 36% reduction in all pedal cycle casualties, the number who were killed or seriously injured has fallen by 32%, and the number of fatalities has fluctuated between 5 and 18. 88% of pedal cycle casualties in 2002 were on built-up roads. (see Table 23)

In terms of the averages for the period 1998 to 2002, the pedal cycle casualty rate per head of population was highest for those aged 12-15 (0.52 per thousand population). The other age groups with above-average casualty rates were: 5-11, 16-22, 23-29 and 30-39. Of course, it must be remembered that, as noted earlier, “per capita” casualty rates do not provide a measure of the relative risk, because they do not take account of the levels of usage of (in this case) pedal cycles. (see Table 32)

Adult pedal cycle casualties

Using the averages for the period 1998 to 2002, on weekdays, the peak numbers of adult pedal cycle casualties were from 4pm to 6pm and from 7 am to 9 am. At weekends the numbers were smaller, and there was no clear peak. (see Table 28)

The peak month of the year for adult pedal cycle casualties was August, which was 35% more than the monthly average (1998-2002 annual averages, standardised to 30 days). (see Table 29)

The days of the week with the peak numbers of adult pedal cycle casualties were Tuesday and Wednesday, 25% higher than the daily average, over the years 1998-2002. There were substantially

30

fewer adult pedal cycle casualties on Saturday and Sunday, with 38% and 42% less than the daily average respectively. (see Table 30)

4.6 Motorcyclist casualties

A total of 1,164 motorcyclists were injured in road accidents in 2002, representing 6% of all casualties. Of these, 457 were either killed or seriously injured, of whom 46 died. Under half of all motorcyclist casualties occurred on non built-up roads but (presumably because of their higher average speeds) such roads accounted for about three-fifths of those killed or seriously injured, and over four-fifths of those killed. (see Table 23)

The number of motorcyclist casualties in 2002 was 1% less than in the previous year. The number killed also fell by 6% - but there was a rise of 1% in the number who were killed or seriously injured. Over the period since 1992, the total number of motorcyclist casualties at first fell (from 1,237 in 1992 to 850 in 1996) before rising in each of the next five years. The figure for all casualties in 2002 was 6% lower than in 1992. However, 8 more motorcyclists died in 2002 than in 1992. (see Table 23)

On average, over the years 1998 to 2002, the motorcyclist casualty rate was highest for the 16-22 year old age group (0.49 per thousand population), closely followed by the 23-29 and 30-39 age groups (both 0.48 per thousand population). Other age-groups had much smaller casualty rates. (seeTable 32)

Looking at the averages for the period 1998 to 2002, the peak time of day for motorcyclist casualties was 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays (See Table 28), the peak month of the year was August, with relatively high numbers in the other months from May to September (see Table 29) and there were more casualties on Sundays than on any of the other days (see Table 30)

4.7 Child casualties

There were 2,745 child casualties in 2002, representing a seventh of the total number of casualties of all ages (14%: 2,745 out of 19,248). Of the child casualties, 525 were killed or seriously injured, of whom 14 died (see Table 24).

The number of child fatalities in 2002 was six fewer than in 2001 and there were falls of 3% and 6% respectively in the number of children killed or seriously injured and in the total number of child casualties. Since 1998, the number of children killed has fallen by eighteen, there has been a reduction of 25% in child killed and seriously injured casualties, and a 22% fall in the total number of child casualties. (see Table 25)

In terms of the averages for the period 1998 to 2002, on weekdays, the peak time for child casualties was from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m., with 28% of all weekday casualties in those two hours. A further 28% occurred in the three hours between 5 p.m. and 8 p.m.. There was a smaller peak in the morning, between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.. There was no real clear peak at weekends: the numbers of casualties were very broadly the same each hour from 1 p.m. to 7 p.m.. (see Table 27)

August was the peak month for child casualties, with 21% more than in an average month. May had 10% more than an average month, and September 6% more (1998-2002 annual averages, standardised to 30 days). (see Table 29)

Using the averages for 1998 to 2002, Friday was the peak day of the week for child casualties, with 21% more than an average day. Sunday, on the other hand, had 21% fewer than an average day. (seeTable 30)

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Child casualties by mode of transport

In 2002, there were 1,294 child pedestrian casualties. They accounted for 39% of all pedestrian casualties of all ages (1,294 out of 3,309). Of the child pedestrian casualties, 338 were killed or seriously injured (12 died). (see Table 24)

There were 277 child pedal cycle casualties in 2002 (33% of the total of 828 pedal cycle casualties of all ages). The child pedal cycle casualties included 46 killed and seriously injured, of whom none died. (see Table 24)

In 2002, there were 928 child casualties in cars, 8% of the total number of car user casualties of all ages (928 out of 11,822). Of the child casualties in cars, 111 were killed or seriously injured (2 died). (see Tables 23 & 25)

Child casualty rates (per head of population)

Children’s casualty rates (per head of population) increase with age: for children aged 0-4 the rate was 1.53 per thousand population (the average for the period 1998 to 2002), whereas it was 3.53 per thousand for those aged 5-11 and for the 12-15 age group it was 4.22 per thousand. The pedestrian casualty rate for younger children (0-4 years) was only about a third of those for 5-11 and 12-15 year olds. (see Table 32)

The pedestrian casualty rate for boys in the 5-11 age group was almost twice that for girls, but for 12-15 year olds the gap was less marked (1.74 per thousand females and 2.28 per thousand males). The difference between the sexes was even more pronounced in the case of the “driver or rider” casualty rates, particularly for the 12-15 age group. (see Table 34)

Child pedestrian casualty rates in 2002 for killed and seriously injured (combined) and for all severities, at 0.40 and 1.56 per thousand child population respectively, were roughly double the corresponding rates for pedestrian casualties of all ages. (see Table 32)

5. Comparisons of Scottish figures against those of other countries

5.1 Casualty rates: against England & Wales (see Tables A to D on the pages which follow)

Historically, the “killed” and “killed and seriously injured” casualty rates per head of population in Scotland have been above those for England & Wales, whereas the “all severities” casualty rate has been lower in Scotland than in England & Wales. In 2002, Scotland’s casualty rates were 1% higher (killed), 2% higher (killed and serious) and 30% lower (all severities). In all three cases, this represented an improvement in the position in Scotland relative to that in England & Wales (compared with 1994-98).

For years, the Scottish child casualty rates per head of population have been higher than those of England & Wales for “killed and seriously injured” and slightly lower for “all severities”. The (relatively low) rate per head of population for “killed” used to be higher in Scotland but in 2002 was below that of England and Wales. In 2002, the Scottish rates were 8% lower (killed), 40% higher (killed and seriously injured) and 6% lower (all severities). In all these cases, this represented an improvement in Scotland’s figures relative to England & Wales compared with the 1994-98 average.

It should be noted that the ratio of the fatality rates for Scotland and for England and Wales can fluctuate markedly from year to year, particularly for the child fatality rates due to the relatively small numbers in Scotland, (which may be subject to year-to-year changes which are large in percentage terms). Therefore subsequent paragraphs do not refer to the fatality rates for children using different modes of transport. In addition, it should be remembered that the rates for some other

32

sub-groups may be affected by year-to-year fluctuations: for example, the numbers are relatively small for most categories of child "killed and seriously injured" casualties in Scotland.

The casualty rates of car users in Scotland have for many years been substantially higher than those of England & Wales for "killed" and “killed and seriously injured” casualties, while for "all severities" the rate has been much lower. In 2002, Scotland’s car user fatality rate was only 2% higher than that of England & Wales, the “killed and seriously injured” rate was 10% higher, while the "all severity" car user rate was 33% lower. For child car users, the "killed and seriously injured" rate was 49% higher in Scotland and the “all severities” rate was 18% less than that of England and Wales.

In 2002, the pedestrian fatality rate per capita was 8% higher in Scotland than England & Wales, the “killed and seriously injured" rate in Scotland was 19% higher and the “all severities” rate was 3% lower. The child pedestrian casualty rates in Scotland were much higher than those for England & Wales: 48% higher ("killed and seriously injured") and 9% higher (all severities).

The casualty rates for pedal cyclists of all ages in Scotland were substantially lower than in England & Wales in 2002 for "killed and seriously injured" (32% lower) and for "all severities" (47% lower). The child pedal cycle casualty “all severities” rate was also lower in Scotland than in England & Wales. These differences may reflect the fact that, according to the National Travel Survey, on average, people in Scotland do not travel as far by bicycle as people in England and Wales.

Further information about the numbers of casualties in England and Wales, and for Great Britain as a whole, can be found in "Road Casualties Great Britain 2002", which is published by the Department for Transport.

5.2 Road deaths : international comparison 2001 (see Tables E and F)

This section compares Scotland’s road death rates in 2001 with the fatality rates of some countries in Western Europe and some developed countries world-wide. The comparisons involve a total of 30 countries (including Scotland, and counting England and Wales as one country, and Northern Ireland as another country) and also figures for the European Union as a whole. The fatality rates were calculated on a “per capita” basis (the statistics given are rates per million population), and the countries were then listed in order of their fatality rates in Table E sections (a), (b) and (c). Section (d) of the table ranks countries by a set of car user fatality rates which were calculated on a “per motor vehicle” basis (the statistics given are rates per million motor vehicles).

The figures used for foreign countries were obtained in October 2003 from tables on the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) Web site. The IRTAD Web site address ishttp://www.bast.de/htdocs/fachthemen/irtad//english/englisch.html .

In accordance with the commonly agreed international definition, most countries define a fatality as being due to a road accident if death occurs within 30 days of the accident. However, the official road accident statistics of some countries limit the fatalities to those occurring within shorter periods after the accident. The numbers of deaths, and the death rates, which appear in the IRTAD tables take account of the adjustment factors used by the Economic Commission for Europe and the European Conference of Ministers of Transport to represent standardised 30-day numbers of deaths.

In 2001, Scotland’s overall road death rate of 69 per million population was the sixth lowest of the 30 countries surveyed, and was only 65% of the EU average (which was 106 per million population).

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However, Scotland’s overall road safety position does not appear as good when the fatality rates of pedestrians are considered separately. In 2001, Scotland’s pedestrian fatality rate was 15 per million population, the same as the EU average. Scotland ranked seventeenth of the 30 countries surveyed.

When the car user fatality rate is calculated on a per capita basis, Scotland has a low car user fatality rate (39 per million population the seventh lowest). However, it may be argued that the car user fatality rate should be calculated on “per motor vehicle” basis, in order to try to approximate better the differing levels of car use in different countries, and hence reflect differences between countries in car drivers’ “exposure to risk”. (Rates based on the amount of car traffic in each country would be even better, but the data required to calculate them are not available for some countries.) When car user fatality rates are calculated on a “per motor vehicle” basis, Scotland’s car user fatality rate of 88 per million motor vehicles was the tenth best out of the 30 countries surveyed. The rate for England and Wales was 57 per million motor vehicles, and the EU average was 99.

The fatality rates per head of population for 28 countries (including Scotland) are shown, for each of four broad age-groups, in Table F. In this table, reflecting the availability of figures from IRTAD there are figures for the United Kingdom, but no separate figures for "England and Wales" and "Northern Ireland"; also there are no figures for the EU as a whole. In most cases, Scotland has one of the lowest rates per capita. The Scottish rate is the tenth lowest for child casualties aged 0-14, the ninth lowest for those aged 15-24, the sixth lowest for those aged 25-64 and the lowest for those aged 65+.

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Casualties in Scotland, England & Wales by severity Table ANumber of casualties : All ages and child casualties

Killed & All Killed & AllKilled Serious severities Killed Serious severities

1. All Ages(a) Numbers

1994-98 ave 378 4,838 22,316 3,199 42,823 297,6241998 385 4,457 22,467 3,036 39,806 302,7561999 310 4,075 21,003 3,113 38,501 299,4732000 326 3,893 20,508 3,084 37,687 299,8082001 348 3,755 19,906 3,103 36,814 293,4532002 305 3,518 19,248 3,127 35,897 283,356

1998-2002 ave 335 3,940 20,626 3,093 37,741 295,769

(b) Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -12 -6 -3 1 -2 -3

2002 on 1994-98 ave. -19 -27 -14 -2 -16 -51998-02 ave. on 94-98 ave -11 -19 -8 -3 -12 -1

2. Child casualties(1)

(a) Numbers1994-98 ave 30 842 3,852 230 6,018 40,504

1998 32 698 3,535 174 5,382 39,9141999 25 625 3,196 196 5,073 38,8722000 21 561 3,000 170 4,641 36,7152001 20 543 2,920 199 4,447 35,3612002 14 525 2,745 165 4,075 31,952

1998-2002 ave 22 590 3,079 181 4,724 36,563

(b) Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -30 -3 -6 -17 -8 -10

2002 on 1994-98 ave. -53 -38 -29 -28 -32 -211998-02 ave. on 94-98 ave -25 -30 -20 -21 -22 -10

Casualties in Scotland, England & Wales by severity Table BRates per 1,000 population : All ages and child casualties

Scotland England & Wales Scotland % of England & WalesKilled & All Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious severities Killed Serious severities Killed Serious severities1. All Ages

percentages

(a) Rates per 1,000 population1994-98 ave .07 .95 4.38 .06 .82 5.72 121 115 77

1998 .08 .88 4.43 .06 .76 5.77 131 116 771999 .06 .80 4.14 .06 .73 5.68 103 110 732000 .06 .77 4.05 .06 .71 5.66 111 108 722001 .07 .74 3.93 .06 .71 5.63 115 105 702002 .06 .70 3.81 .06 .68 5.40 101 102 70

1998-2002 ave .07 .78 4.07 .06 .72 5.63 112 108 72

(b) Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -12 -6 -3 0 -3 -4

2002 on 1994-98 ave. -19 -27 -13 -3 -17 -61998-02 ave. on 94-98 ave -11 -18 -7 -4 -13 -2

2. Child casualties(1)

percentages

(a) Rates per 1,000 population (2)

1994-98 ave .03 .83 3.78 .02 .56 3.80 136 146 991998 .03 .70 3.53 .02 .50 3.74 196 138 941999 .03 .63 3.21 .02 .47 3.63 137 132 882000 .02 .57 3.05 .02 .44 3.44 134 131 892001 .02 .56 3.01 .02 .42 3.37 109 132 892002 .01 .55 2.87 .02 .39 3.07 92 140 94

1998-2002 ave .02 .60 3.14 .02 .45 3.45 134 135 91

(b) Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -29 -2 -5 -16 -8 -9

2002 on 1994-98 ave. -50 -34 -24 -27 -31 -191998-02 ave. on 94-98 ave -23 -27 -17 -21 -21 -9

(1) Child 0-15 years(2) Mid-2002 population estimates used for Scotland and England and Wales.

Scotland England & Wales

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Casualties in Scotland, England & Wales by mode of transport Table Cand severity, 2002

Number of casualties : All ages and child casualties

Killed & All Killed & AllKilled Serious severities Killed Serious severities

1. All ages

Pedestrian 73 886 3,309 702 7,748 35,470Pedal cycle 8 150 828 122 2,299 16,278Car 155 1,775 11,822 1,580 16,699 181,946Bus/coach - 59 859 19 492 8,144Other 69 648 2,430 704 8,659 41,518Total 305 3,518 19,248 3,127 35,897 283,356

2. Child casualties(1)

Pedestrian 12 338 1,294 67 2,493 12,939Pedal cycle - 46 277 22 547 4,532Car 2 111 928 70 812 12,298Bus/coach - 15 183 3 44 1,221Other - 14 51 3 179 962Total 14 524 2,733 165 4,075 31,952

Casualties in Scotland, England & Wales by mode of transport Table Dand severity, 2002

Rate per 1,000 population (2) : All ages and child casualties

Scotland England & Wales Scotland % of England & WalesKilled Killed & All Killed Killed & All Killed Killed & All

Serious severities Serious severities Serious severities

1. All ages percentages

Pedestrian .01 .18 .65 .01 .15 .68 108 119 97Pedal cycle .00 .03 .16 .00 .04 .31 68 68 53Car .03 .35 2.34 .03 .32 3.47 102 110 67Bus/coach - .01 .17 .00 .01 .16 n/a 124 109Other .01 .13 .48 .01 .17 .79 102 78 61Total .06 .70 3.81 .06 .68 5.40 101 102 70

2. Child casualties(1)

Pedestrian .01 .35 1.35 .01 .24 1.24 195 148 109Pedal cycle - .05 .29 .00 .05 .44 n/a 92 67Car .00 .12 .97 .01 .08 1.18 31 149 82Bus/coach - .02 .19 .00 .00 .12 n/a 371 163Other - .01 .05 .00 .02 .09 n/a 85 58Total .01 .55 2.86 .02 .39 3.07 92 140 93

(1) Child 0-15 years(2) Mid-2002 population estimates used for Scotland and England and Wales

England & WalesScotland

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International Comparisons Table E

Fatality rates per capita, for (a) all road users, (b) pedestrians, (c) car users; and (d) per motor vehicle for car users: ranked by respective rates - 2001 (as recorded in IRTAD(1))

(a) All road users (b) PedestriansNumbers Rate Index Numbers Rate Index

Turkey 3,840 56 82 Iceland 1 3 24

England & Wales 3,103 60 87 Netherlands 106 7 45

Norway 275 61 89 Denmark 50 9 63

Netherlands 993 62 91 Norway 43 10 64

Sweden 554 62 91 Sweden 87 10 66

Scotland 347 69 100 Germany 900 11 74

Switzerland 544 76 110 Finland 62 12 81

Japan 10,060 79 115 Canada (2000) 372 12 81

Denmark 431 81 118 Turkey 918 13 90

Finland 433 84 122 New Zealand 52 14 91

Iceland 24 84 122 Belgium (2000) 142 14 93

Germany 6,977 85 124 France 822 14 94

Northern Ireland 148 88 128 England & Wales 751 14 97

Australia 1,737 89 131 Switzerland 104 14 97

Canada (2000) 2,927 94 137 Austria 117 15 98

E.U. 39,724 106 154 Italy (2000) 848 15 99

Irish Republic 411 107 156 Scotland 75 15 100

Italy (2000) 6,410 111 162 Australia 290 15 101

New Zealand 455 118 172 E.U. 5,650 15 101

Hungary 1,239 121 177 USA 4,882 17 116

Austria 976 122 177 Northern Ireland 32 19 128

Czech Republic 1,334 130 190 Spain 846 21 142

Spain 5,517 138 201 Japan 2,835 22 150

France 8,160 138 202 Irish Republic 89 23 157

Poland 5,534 143 209 Luxembourg 11 25 168

Belgium 1,486 145 211 Czech Republic 322 31 212

USA 42,116 148 216 Hungary 355 35 235

Luxembourg 70 159 232 Portugal 337 36 240

Republic of Korea 8,097 171 250 Greece (2000) 375 36 240

Portugal 1,671 176 257 Poland 1,866 48 326

Greece (2000) 2,037 193 282 Republic of Korea 3,137 66 447

(1) Source: International Road Traffic and Accident Database (OECD). The basis of the numbers is described in the text.Some of the countries may have updated their figures since they provided the data to OECD.

Per million population Per million population

37

International Comparisons Table E (continued)

Fatality rates per capita, for (a) all road users, (b) pedestrians, (c) car users; and (d) per motor vehicle for car users: ranked by respective rates - 2001 (as recorded in IRTAD (1))

(c) Car users (d) Car users - fatality rates per million motor vehicles

Motor Vehicles

population motor vehicles per 1,000

Numbers Rate Index Numbers Rate Index

Japan 2,774 22 55 Japan 2,774 35 40 631

Turkey 1,630 24 61 Switzerland 245 52 59 653

England & Wales 1,550 30 76 England & Wales 1,550 57 65 518

Netherlands 477 30 76 Netherlands 477 58 66 514

Switzerland 245 34 87 Norway 189 70 80 599

Sweden 346 39 99 Sweden 346 71 81 549

Scotland 199 39 100 Portugal 636 76 87 880

Norway 189 42 107 Germany 4,023 77 87 638

Republic of Korea 2,007 42 108 Canada (2000) 1,556 86 98 582

Denmark 241 45 115 Scotland 199 88 100 447

Germany 4,023 49 124 Italy (2000) 3,535 89 101 690

Hungary 502 49 125 USA 20,233 91 104 777

Canada (2000) 1,556 50 127 Australia 1,138 94 107 625

Finland 262 51 129 Denmark 241 99 113 455

N. Ireland 99 59 149 E.U. 22,463 99 113 601

Australia (1999) 1,138 59 149 Finland 262 102 116 494

E.U. 22,463 60 152 Austria 570 109 124 651

Irish Republic 230 60 152 Iceland 22 111 126 696

Italy (2000) 3,535 61 156 N. Ireland 99 129 147 454

Poland 2,438 63 161 Spain 3,146 130 147 604

Portugal 636 67 171 Irish Republic 230 130 148 461

Czech Republic 716 70 177 New Zealand 344 131 149 684

Austria 570 71 181 Republic of Korea 2,007 145 164 293

USA 20,233 71 181 France 5,283 152 173 589

Iceland 22 77 196 Belgium 922 158 180 569

Spain 3,146 78 200 Luxembourg 53 159 181 755

Greece (2000) 891 84 215 Poland 2,438 166 188 381

New Zealand 344 89 227 Turkey 1,630 166 189 143

France 5,283 89 228 Czech Republic 716 167 190 418

Belgium (2000) 922 90 229 Greece (2000) 891 176 200 480

Luxembourg (2000) 53 120 306 Hungary 502 177 201 278

(1) Source: International Road Traffic and Accident Database (OECD). The basis of the numbers is described in the text.Some of the countries may have updated their figures since they provided the data to OECD.

population

Per million Per million

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International Comparisons(1) Table FRoad accident fatality rates per capita, by age group, ranked by respective rates - 2001(a) 0-14 years (b) 15-24 years

Per million population Per million population Rate Index Rate Index

Norway 8 40 Japan 104 72Sweden 11 56 Netherlands 115 80Italy (2000) 15 76 Sweden 120 83Japan 16 81 United Kingdom 124 86Netherlands 16 81 Hungary 128 89United Kingdom 17 86 Norway 128 89Germany 18 91 Switzerland 130 90Switzerland 18 91 Republic of Korea 134 93Austria 19 96 Scotland 144 100Scotland 20 100 Denmark 150 104Finland 20 101 Finland 158 110Denmark 21 106 Poland 168 117Australia 22 111 Australia 175 122Hungary 22 111 Czech Republic 179 124Czech Republic 23 116 Canada (2000) 186 129Canada (2000) 25 126 Iceland 186 129France 27 136 Italy (2000) 199 138Spain 27 136 Ireland 201 140Belgium (2000) 29 146 Germany 204 142Ireland 32 162 Spain 207 144Greece (1999) 33 167 New Zealand 221 153Iceland 33 167 Austria 230 160USA 36 182 USA 266 185Luxembourg (2000) 37 187 France 287 199Poland 37 187 Belgium (2000) 308 214New Zealand 38 192 Greece (1999) 327 227Republic of Korea 50 253 Portugal (1999) 337 234Portugal (1999) 52 263 Luxembourg (2000) 354 246

(c) 25-64 years (d) 65+ yearsPer million population Per million population

Rate Index Rate IndexNorway 55 76 Scotland 68 100Netherlands 57 79 United Kingdom 70 103United Kingdom 59 82 Sweden 86 126Sweden 60 83 Iceland 91 134Japan 62 86 Germany 94 138Scotland 72 100 Norway 99 146Switzerland 72 100 Netherlands 102 150Denmark 73 101 Ireland 110 162Finland 76 106 Switzerland 115 169Iceland 76 106 Australia 121 178Germany 77 107 Finland 124 182Australia 86 119 Italy (2000) 127 187Canada (2000) 88 122 Spain 127 187Ireland 102 142 Denmark 129 190Italy (2000) 103 143 Canada (2000) 130 191New Zealand 109 151 Belgium (2000) 139 204Austria 117 163 France 143 210Hungary 136 189 Austria 150 221Czech Republic 137 190 New Zealand 153 225France 137 190 Hungary 161 237Belgium (2000) 143 199 Japan 166 244Spain 145 201 Czech Republic 169 249USA 150 208 Luxembourg (2000) 172 253Poland 161 224 Poland 188 276Luxembourg (2000) 184 256 USA 190 279Republic of Korea 192 267 Greece (1999) 230 339Greece (1999) 201 279 Portugal (1999) 232 341Portugal (1999) 215 299 Republic of Korea 442 650

(1) Source: International Road Traffic and Accident Database (OECD). The basis of the numbers is described in the text.

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40

The casualty reduction targets for 2010

41

Figure 5 Progress towards the 2010 casualty reduction targets

(A) Killed or Seriously Injured casualties

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Baseline average

Average annual rate of reductionrequired from 1996

(B) Child Killed or Seriously Injured casualties

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Child KSI Casualties

Average annual rate of reductionrequired from 1996

Baseline average

(C) Slight casualties: rate per 100 million vehicle kilometres

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Baseline average

Average annual rate of reductionrequired from 1996

Slight casualty rate

KSI Casualties

42

The casualty reduction targets for the year 2010

In March 2000, the UK Government, the Scottish Executive and the National Assembly for Wales announced a new national road safety strategy and casualty reduction targets for 2010. These new targets were introduced to focus on achieving a further substantial improvement in road safety over the next ten years, with particular emphasis on child casualties. The new targets, which are given in the document "Tomorrow's roads - safer for everyone", are basedon the annual average casualty levels over the period 1994 to 1998. By 2010 it is hoped that there will be, compared with the average for 1994-98:

a 40% reduction in the number of people killed or seriously injured in road accidents. a 50% reduction in the number of children killed or seriously injured; and a 10% reduction in the slight casualty rate, expressed as the number of people slightly injured per 100 million vehicle kilometres.

Progress towards the 2010 casualty reduction targets

The charts on the page opposite show progress towards the casualty reduction targets for 2010. The thick black lines show the figures that have been recorded so far, the horizontal dashed lines show the baseline averages, and the dotted lines going downwards indicate how the figures would have to fall if the targets for 2010 were to be achieved by means of a constant percentage reduction in each year. The method of deriving these 'target lines' is described at the end of this section.

With this method, the target lines imply the following reductions from the 1994-98 baselines by the year 2002:

Killed or seriously injured: 19.7% Child killed or seriously injured: 25.7% Slight casualty rate (per 100m veh-km) 4.4%

Therefore any falls which are greater than these suggest more rapid progress than the relevant indicative target line.

The figures relating to each target:There were 3,518 people killed or seriously injured in 2002, 27% (1,320) below the 1994-98 average of 4,838. The figure for 2002 is below the relevant indicative target line, and therefore the reduction so far has been greater than would be needed to achieve the 2010 target fall of 40% by means of a constant annual percentage reduction. 525 children were killed or seriously injured in 2002, 38% (317) below the 1994-98 average of 842. The figure for 2002 is also below the relevant indicative target line, representing rapid progress towards the 2010 target of a 50% reduction. The slight casualty rate of 38.11 casualties per 100 million vehicle kilometres in 2002 was 18% below the 1994-98 baseline average of 46.30, so the 2010 target of a 10% reduction has been achieved.

Killed or seriously injured casualties by mode of transportAs noted above, the relevant indicative "target line" figure for 2002 is 19.7% below the 1994-98 baseline average. The top part of Table G shows that, in 2002, the numbers of killed or seriously injured (KSI) casualties for most modes of transport were well below this target line, with falls such as 36% for pedestrian KSI casualties and 29% for car KSI casualties. However, there were two exceptions: motorcycle KSI casualties rose by 29% and the fall of 18% for goods vehicle KSI casualties was less rapid than the indicative line.

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Table G

Killed and seriously injured casualties by mode of transportPedestrian Pedal Motor Car Bus/ Goods(1) Other(2) All

cycle cycle coach road users1994-98 average 1,376 249 355 2,501 96 172 89 4,838

1994 1,647 316 353 2,804 150 211 90 5,571 1995 1,587 292 395 2,653 105 211 96 5,339 1996 1,279 216 300 2,293 96 137 77 4,398 1997 1,211 210 358 2,365 55 136 89 4,424 1998 1,156 210 371 2,390 76 163 91 4,457 1999 1,143 189 431 2,004 83 144 81 4,075 2000 996 176 474 1,979 80 121 67 3,893 2001 917 171 454 1,950 62 129 72 3,755 2002 886 150 457 1,775 59 141 50 3,518

Percent changes:

2002 on 2001 -3 -12 1 -9 -5 9 -31 -6

2002 on 1994-98 average -36 -40 29 -29 -39 -18 -44 -27

Child killed and seriously injured casualties by mode of transportPedestrian Pedal Motor Car Bus/ Goods(1) Other(2) All

cycle cycle coach road users

1994-98 average 562 100 6 145 11 8 10 842

1994 674 144 6 161 24 12 8 1,029 1995 638 113 7 153 9 13 17 950 1996 540 100 4 118 15 3 10 790 1997 505 78 4 138 3 7 10 745 1998 455 64 8 153 6 6 6 698 1999 430 69 5 108 2 2 9 625 2000 378 65 7 94 7 5 5 561 2001 353 56 7 109 5 6 7 543 2002 338 46 7 111 9 7 7 525

Percent changes: (3)

2002 on 2001 -4 -18 n/a 2 n/a n/a n/a -3

2002 on 1994-98 average -40 -54 n/a -23 n/a n/a n/a -38

Slight casualties by mode of transportPedestrian Pedal Motor Car Bus/ Goods(1) Other(2) All Traffic(4) Slight

cycle cycle coach road users casualty ratenumbers mill veh-km per 100 mill veh-km

1994-98 average 3,009 1,034 580 10,859 912 583 501 17,478 37,754 46.30

1994 3,083 1,068 577 10,123 1,084 669 398 17,002 36,271 46.87 1995 3,048 1,031 576 10,321 802 579 498 16,855 36,935 45.63 1996 3,047 1,081 550 10,740 902 499 499 17,318 37,908 45.68 1997 2,944 1,062 590 11,669 886 525 529 18,205 38,509 47.28 1998 2,921 930 605 11,444 887 643 580 18,010 39,145 46.01 1999 2,620 828 594 10,902 841 609 534 16,928 39,591 42.76 2000 2,606 706 654 10,672 854 541 582 16,615 39,310 42.27 2001 2,489 745 723 10,338 761 596 499 16,151 39,806 40.57 2002 2,423 678 707 10,047 800 618 457 15,730 41,279 38.11

Percent changes:

2002 on 2001 -3 -9 -2 -3 5 4 -8 -3 4 -6

2002 on 1994-98 average -19 -34 22 -7 -12 6 -9 -10 9 -18 1. Light goods vehicles and heavy goods vehicles.2. Taxis, minibuses and other modes of transport3. A percentage change is not shown if the baseline figure is small.4. The traffic figures for 1994 to 2002 (inclusive) differ from those that were available previously, as DfT has revised its method of estimating traffic volume for 1993 onwards. A fuller explanation of this can be found in "Scottish Transport Statistics".

44

About half of all the 3,518 KSI casualties in 2002 were car users. The total of 1,775 car KSIcasualties in 2002 was 29% below the 1994-98 baseline average of 2,501, and therefore better than the indicative target line reduction. There were 886 pedestrian KSI casualties in 2002, 36% fewer than the annual average of 1,376 for the period 1994-98. However, the number of motorcycle KSI casualties in 2002 was 457, an increase of 29% (102) from the 1994-98 average: this was the only category of road user for which the figure in 2002 was greatly above the indicative target line. There were 150 pedal cycle KSI casualties, 40% below the 1994-98 average. The numbers of KSI casualties were smaller for each of the remaining categories of road user (bus/coach, goods vehicle, and others).

Child killed or seriously injured casualties by mode of transportThe indicative target line figure for 2002 is 25.7% below the 1994-98 average. The middle part of Table G shows that, in 2002, the figures for the three main categories of child road user casualty were only slightly above, or well below, the relevant indicative target lines, with falls ranging from 23% to 54% .About two-thirds of the 525 child killed or seriously injured (KSI) casualties in 2002 were pedestrians. The number of child pedestrian KSI casualties in 2002 was 338, 224 (40%) below the 1994-98 average of 562, and therefore better than the indicative target line reduction. There were 111 child car KSI casualties in 2002, a fall of 34 (23%) from the 1994-98 average of 145, and therefore not quite as rapid a reduction as the indicative target line. Child pedal cycle KSI casualties in 2002 were below the indicative target line: there were 46, a reduction of 54% from the 1994-98 average of 100. There are few child KSI casualties for other modes of transport, so small fluctuations in their numbers can cause apparently large percentage changes from the 1994-98 baseline average levels.

Slightly injured casualties by mode of transportBy 2002, the indicative target line has a reduction of 4.4% in the slight casualty rate. Because of the limited availability of detailed reliable road traffic estimates for Scotland, the bottom part of Table G shows the numbers of slight casualties (rather than slight casualty rates) for various categories of road user. The table also shows the overall total volume of traffic and the overall slight casualty rate. Most of the road user categories had percentage falls in their numbers of slight casualties that were better than that of the slight casualty rate's indicative target line. Almost two-thirds of slight casualties in 2002 were car users. The total number of car user slight casualties in 2002 was 10,047, 7% below the 1994-98 average of 10,859, and therefore better than the slight casualty rate's indicative target line fall of 4.4%. There were 2,423 slight pedestrian casualties 19% less than the 1994-98 average of 3,009, a reduction much better than that of the indicative target line for the slight casualty rate. Bus and coach user slight casualties totalled 800 in 2002, 12% fewer than the 1994-98 average, the number of pedal cyclist slight casualties (678) was 34% below the baseline average, and "other" road user slight casualties (457) were 9% less than the baseline average. However, there were rises in motorcyclist slight casualties (707 in 2002, 22% above the 1994-98 average), and in goods vehicle user slight casualties (618: 6% more than baseline average).

Assessing progress towards the casualty reduction targets

The indicative target lines shown in Figure 3One way of assessing progress towards the targets is to compare actual casualty numbers in each year with an indicative line that starts at the baseline figure in 1996 and falls, by a constant percentage reduction in each subsequent year, to the target for 2010. This is the

45

approach adopted by the GB Road Safety Advisory Panel. The indicative line starts at the baseline figure in 1996 because that is the middle year of the 'baseline' period. Other approaches could have been used: there are many ways of producing lines that indicate how casualty numbers might fall fairly steadily to the targets for 2010.

The method adopted to produce the indicative target lines shown in Figure 3 involves a constant percentage reduction in each year after 1996. The resulting indicative target lines represent the percentages of the baseline averages which are shown in the table below. They are not straight lines, because of the "compounding over the years" effect of constant annual percentage reductions (to two decimal places, the falls are: 3.58% p.a. for killed or seriously injured casualties; 4.83% p.a. for child killed or seriously injured casualties; and 0.75% p.a. for the slight casualty rate).

Killed or Seriously Children Killed Slight casualty rate Injured or Seriously Injured (per 100 million vkm)

% of baseline % reduction from baseline

% of baseline % reduction from baseline

% of baseline % reduction from baseline

1996 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 1997 96.4% 3.6% 95.2% 4.8% 99.3% 0.7%1998 93.0% 7.0% 90.6% 9.4% 98.5% 1.5%1999 89.6% 10.4% 86.2% 13.8% 97.8% 2.2%2000 86.4% 13.6% 82.0% 18.0% 97.0% 3.0%2001 83.3% 16.7% 78.1% 21.9% 96.3% 3.7%2002 80.3% 19.7% 74.3% 25.7% 95.6% 4.4%2003 77.5% 22.5% 70.7% 29.3% 94.9% 5.1%2004 74.7% 25.3% 67.3% 32.7% 94.2% 5.8%2005 72.0% 28.0% 64.0% 36.0% 93.5% 6.5%2006 69.4% 30.6% 61.0% 39.0% 92.8% 7.2%2007 66.9% 33.1% 58.0% 42.0% 92.1% 7.9%2008 64.5% 35.5% 55.2% 44.8% 91.4% 8.6%2009 62.2% 37.8% 52.5% 47.5% 90.7% 9.3%2010 60.0% 40.0% 50.0% 50.0% 90.0% 10.0%

Other statistics for monitoring progressTable 40 in the main section of this publication shows the "baseline" figures for each local authority area for the first two targets (separately for trunk roads, local authority roads and all roads), along with the corresponding figures for each year from 1994 and the latest five years' averages. Table 41 provides figures for each local authority area related to the third target, and Table 42 shows figures for each Police Force area related to all three targets.

In addition, many other tables include the 1994-98 baseline averages.

46

STATISTICAL TABLES

47

48

Table 1

Population, vehicles licensed, road lengths, traffic on all roads and on M & A roads, injury accidents, vehicles involved and casualties: Years: 1953 to 2002

Population (1) Vehicles Road Traffic on Traffic on Injury VehiclesYear licensed(2) lengths all roads(3) M & A roads(1) accidents involved Casualties

Million Million Thousand km million vehicle km million vehicle km Number Number Number

1953 5.100 .. .. .. .. .. 18,3431954 5.104 .. .. .. .. .. 18,9011955 5.111 .. 44.1 .. .. .. .. 20,8991956 5.120 .. 44.4 .. .. .. .. 21,4591957 5.125 .. 44.6 .. .. .. .. 21,4171958 5.141 .. 44.8 .. .. .. .. 22,8301959 5.163 .. 45.0 .. .. .. .. 25,0111960 5.178 .. 45.2 .. .. .. .. 26,3151961 5.184 .. 45.4 .. .. .. .. 27,3621962 5.198 0.775 45.6 .. .. .. .. 26,7031963 5.205 0.836 45.8 .. .. .. .. 27,7281964 5.209 0.900 45.9 .. .. .. .. 30,5271965 5.210 0.951 46.2 .. .. .. .. 31,8271966 5.201 0.991 46.4 .. .. 23,225 .. 32,2801967 5.198 1.035 46.4 .. .. 22,838 .. 31,7601968 5.200 1.065 46.4 .. .. 22,120 .. 30,6491969 5.208 1.106 47.0 .. .. 21,863 31,885 31,0561970 5.214 1.124 47.2 .. .. 22,133 33,430 31,2401971 5.236 1.135 47.5 .. .. 22,332 32,165 31,1941972 5.231 1.181 47.9 .. .. 22,703 32,832 31,7621973 5.234 1.252 48.0 .. .. 22,580 32,951 31,4041974 5.241 1.274 48.3 .. .. 20,581 30,073 28,7831975 5.232 1.304 48.3 .. .. 20,652 30,613 28,6211976 5.233 1.314 48.9 .. .. 21,751 32,547 29,9331977 5.226 .. 48.9 .. .. 21,678 32,893 29,7831978 5.212 1.308 48.9 .. .. 22,107 33,965 30,5061979 5.204 1.353 49.3 .. .. 23,064 35,512 31,3871980 5.193 1.398 49.4 .. .. 21,788 33,626 29,2861981 5.180 1.397 50.0 .. .. 21,485 33,311 28,7661982 5.165 1.416 50.2 .. .. 20,850 32,192 28,2731983 5.148 1.448 50.4 .. .. 19,434 29,918 25,2241984 5.139 1.489 50.6 .. .. 19,974 31,236 26,1581985 5.128 1.514 50.7 .. 17,219 20,644 32,446 27,2871986 5.112 1.546 50.8 .. 17,647 19,819 30,983 26,1171987 5.099 1.575 51.2 .. 18,767 18,657 29,454 24,7481988 5.077 1.657 51.3 .. 20,098 19,097 30,465 25,4251989 5.078 1.729 51.6 .. 21,404 20,605 33,221 27,5321990 5.081 1.788 51.7 .. 21,786 20,171 32,423 27,2281991 5.083 1.830 51.9 .. 21,947 19,004 30,897 25,3461992 5.086 1.884 52.0 .. 22,575 18,008 29,306 24,1731993 5.092 1.874 52.1 35,468 22,958 16,686 27,358 22,4151994 5.102 1.900 52.3 36,271 23,571 16,768 27,694 22,5731995 5.104 1.910 52.8 36,395 24,185 16,534 27,232 22,1941996 5.092 1.966 53.1 37,908 24,969 16,073 26,676 21,7161997 5.083 2.023 53.1 38,509 25,378 16,646 28,207 22,6291998 5.077 2.073 53.3 39,145 25,861 16,519 27,781 22,4671999 5.072 2.131 53.5 39,591 26,006 15,416 25,835 21,0032000 5.063 2.188 53.9 39,310 25,686 15,120 25,538 20,5082001 5.064 2.262 54.1 39,806 26,083 14,722 24,868 19,9062002 5.055 2.330 54.6 41,279 27,007 14,317 24,105 19,248

1994-98 average 5.092 1.974 52.9 37,646 24,793 16,508 27,518 22,3161998-2002 average 5.066 2.197 53.9 39,826 26,129 15,219 25,625 20,626

Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -0.2 3.0 1.0 3.7 3.5 -2.8 -3.1 -3.32002 on 1994-98 ave -0.7 18.0 3.2 9.7 8.9 -13.3 -12.4 -13.71. The population estimates have been revised, as is described in the Introduction.2. Figures from 1993 onwards are on a different basis from those for previous years, due to a change in the source of the data.3. The figures for 1993 to 2001 (inclusive) differ from those which were available previously, as DfT has revised its method of estimatingtraffic volumes for 1993 onwards. The figures for minor roads have been revised greatly from those published previously following DfT'sintroduction of a new and improved method of estimating the volume of traffic on minor roads - see the Introduction.

49

Table 2 AccidentsCasualties

(a) Accidents by severityYears: 1950 to 2002

(b) Casualties by severityYears: 1950 to 2002

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

24,000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

Fatal SeriousSlight &All Severities

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

24,000

28,000

32,000

36,000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

1,200

1,000

800

400

200

Fatal Serious Slight &All Severities

1,400

1,600

1,800

14,000

16,000

18,000

All Severities

SeriousFatal

Slight

All Severities

Killed

Serious

Slight

0 0

0 0

600

50

Table 2 AccidentsCasualties

Accidents and Casualties by severityYears: 1938 to 2002

Accidents CasualtiesFatal & All Serious Slight Killed & All

Year Fatal Serious Slight Serious Severities Killed injury injury Serious Severitiesnumbers

1938 .. .. .. .. .. 655 5,309 14,451 5,964 20,4151947 .. .. .. .. .. 554 .. .. .. 14,6551948 .. .. .. .. .. 534 .. .. .. 13,6351949 .. .. .. .. .. 535 .. .. .. 14,7061950 .. .. .. .. .. 529 4,553 10,774 5,082 15,8561951 .. .. .. .. .. 544 4,545 11,806 5,089 16,8951952 .. .. .. .. .. 485 4,424 11,638 4,909 16,5471953 .. .. .. .. .. 579 5,170 12,594 5,749 18,3431954 .. .. .. .. .. 545 4,875 13,481 5,420 18,9011955 .. .. .. .. .. 610 5,096 15,193 5,706 20,8991956 .. .. .. .. .. 540 5,049 15,870 5,589 21,4591957 .. .. .. .. .. 550 5,006 15,861 5,556 21,4171958 .. .. .. .. .. 605 5,302 16,923 5,907 22,8301959 .. .. .. .. .. 604 6,336 18,071 6,940 25,0111960 .. .. .. .. .. 648 6,632 19,035 7,280 26,3151961 .. .. .. .. .. 671 7,228 19,463 7,899 27,3621962 .. .. .. .. .. 664 7,052 18,987 7,716 26,7031963 .. .. .. .. .. 712 7,227 19,789 7,939 27,7281964 .. .. .. .. .. 754 8,136 21,637 8,890 30,5271965 .. .. .. .. .. 743 8,744 22,340 9,487 31,8271966 .. .. .. .. 23,225 790 9,253 22,237 10,043 32,2801967 .. .. .. .. 22,838 778 9,258 21,724 10,036 31,7601968 .. .. .. .. 22,120 769 9,493 20,387 10,262 30,6491969 .. .. .. .. 21,863 892 9,831 20,333 10,723 31,0561970 758 7,860 13,515 8,618 22,133 815 10,027 20,398 10,842 31,2401971 785 7,867 13,680 8,652 22,332 866 9,947 20,381 10,813 31,1941972 770 7,965 13,968 8,735 22,703 855 10,000 20,907 10,855 31,7621973 783 8,056 13,741 8,839 22,580 855 10,094 20,455 10,949 31,4041974 763 7,548 12,270 8,311 20,581 825 9,522 18,436 10,347 28,7831975 699 6,912 13,041 7,611 20,652 769 8,779 19,073 9,548 28,6211976 687 6,923 14,141 7,610 21,751 783 8,720 20,430 9,503 29,9331977 727 7,063 13,888 7,790 21,678 811 8,850 20,122 9,661 29,7831978 739 7,442 13,926 8,181 22,107 820 9,349 20,337 10,169 30,5061979 728 7,536 14,800 8,264 23,064 810 9,241 21,336 10,051 31,3871980 644 7,218 13,926 7,862 21,788 700 8,839 19,747 9,539 29,2861981 610 7,265 13,610 7,875 21,485 677 8,840 19,249 9,517 28,7661982 640 7,421 12,789 8,061 20,850 701 9,260 18,312 9,961 28,2731983 568 6,429 12,437 6,997 19,434 624 7,633 16,967 8,257 25,2241984 537 6,547 12,890 7,084 19,974 599 7,727 17,832 8,326 26,1581985 550 6,507 13,587 7,057 20,644 602 7,786 18,899 8,388 27,2871986 537 6,182 13,100 6,719 19,819 601 7,422 18,094 8,023 26,1171987 517 5,568 12,572 6,085 18,657 556 6,707 17,485 7,263 24,7481988 499 5,602 12,996 6,101 19,097 554 6,732 18,139 7,286 25,4251989 496 5,814 14,295 6,310 20,605 553 6,998 19,981 7,551 27,5321990 491 5,237 14,443 5,728 20,171 546 6,252 20,430 6,798 27,2281991 443 4,724 13,837 5,167 19,004 491 5,638 19,217 6,129 25,3461992 426 4,268 13,314 4,694 18,008 463 5,176 18,534 5,639 24,1731993 359 3,651 12,676 4,010 16,686 399 4,454 17,562 4,853 22,4151994 319 4,324 12,125 4,643 16,768 363 5,208 17,002 5,571 22,5731995 361 4,071 12,102 4,432 16,534 409 4,930 16,855 5,339 22,1941996 316 3,315 12,442 3,631 16,073 357 4,041 17,318 4,398 21,7161997 340 3,312 12,994 3,652 16,646 377 4,047 18,205 4,424 22,6291998 339 3,318 12,862 3,657 16,519 385 4,072 18,010 4,457 22,4671999 285 3,209 11,922 3,494 15,416 310 3,765 16,928 4,075 21,0032000 297 3,006 11,817 3,303 15,120 326 3,567 16,615 3,893 20,5082001 309 2,837 11,576 3,146 14,722 348 3,407 16,151 3,755 19,9062002 275 2,669 11,373 2,944 14,317 305 3,213 15,730 3,518 19,2481994-98 average 335 3,668 12,505 4,003 16,508 378 4,460 17,478 4,838 22,3161998-2002 average 301 3,008 11,910 3,309 15,219 335 3,605 16,687 3,940 20,626

Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -11.0 -5.9 -1.8 -6.4 -2.8 -12.4 -5.7 -2.6 -6.3 -3.32002 on 94-98 average -17.9 -27.2 -9.1 -26.5 -13.3 -19.4 -28.0 -10.0 -27.3 -13.7

51

Table 3 Accidents

Accidents by police force area and severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002Police force area Year Fatal Serious Slight Fatal & All

Serious Severities

Northern 1994-98 average 34 266 577 300 8771998 39 263 646 302 9481999 35 245 629 280 9092000 41 212 549 253 8022001 31 257 526 288 8142002 25 176 543 201 744

1998-2002 average 34 231 579 265 843

Grampian 1994-98 average 44 280 1,168 324 1,4931998 51 268 1,090 319 1,4091999 35 236 969 271 1,2402000 45 248 936 293 1,2292001 46 223 876 269 1,1452002 45 207 891 252 1,143

1998-2002 average 44 236 952 281 1,233

Tayside 1994-98 average 32 385 888 417 1,3041998 25 376 857 401 1,2581999 34 314 909 348 1,2572000 22 291 861 313 1,1742001 42 298 893 340 1,2332002 23 255 890 278 1,168

1998-2002 average 29 307 882 336 1,218

Fife 1994-98 average 18 191 556 209 7651998 18 151 562 169 7311999 14 160 538 174 7122000 11 195 578 206 7842001 19 178 537 197 7342002 26 187 527 213 740

1998-2002 average 18 174 548 192 740

Lothian & Borders 1994-98 average 53 485 2,904 538 3,4421998 61 377 3,114 438 3,5521999 48 430 2,753 478 3,2312000 49 483 2,770 532 3,3022001 36 449 2,715 485 3,2002002 33 425 2,592 458 3,050

1998-2002 average 45 433 2,789 478 3,267

Central 1994-98 average 18 226 548 244 7931998 23 186 591 209 8001999 9 198 528 207 7352000 18 171 483 189 6722001 16 178 442 194 6362002 21 193 528 214 742

1998-2002 average 17 185 514 203 717

Strathclyde 1994-98 average 119 1,695 5,588 1,814 7,4011998 106 1,559 5,698 1,665 7,3631999 98 1,521 5,325 1,619 6,9442000 99 1,289 5,348 1,388 6,7362001 106 1,159 5,259 1,265 6,5242002 88 1,146 5,070 1,234 6,304

1998-2002 average 99 1,335 5,340 1,434 6,774

Dumfries & Galloway 1994-98 average 18 139 276 157 4331998 16 138 304 154 4581999 12 105 271 117 3882000 12 117 292 129 4212001 13 95 328 108 4362002 14 80 332 94 426

1998-2002 average 13 107 305 120 426

52

Table 4 Accidents

Accidents by road type and severity (1)

1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002Severity/Year Trunk Local Authority All Trunk %

Major roads Minor roads Roads of totalNon Built Total Non Built Non Built Totalbuilt up built up built upup up up

(a) numbers

Fatal1998 94 3 97 81 41 48 72 242 339 291999 69 4 73 74 35 47 56 212 285 262000 96 7 103 69 31 39 55 194 297 352001 74 7 81 95 34 49 50 228 309 262002 87 4 91 71 25 46 42 184 275 33

Fatal & Serious1998 560 80 640 621 609 476 1,311 3,017 3,657 181999 496 83 579 594 560 468 1,293 2,915 3,494 172000 549 76 625 529 519 459 1,171 2,678 3,303 192001 500 75 575 585 453 415 1,118 2,571 3,146 182002 428 69 497 514 475 411 1,047 2,447 2,944 17

All Severities1998 1,950 415 2,365 2,103 3,359 1,723 6,969 14,154 16,519 141999 1,847 383 2,230 1,890 2,948 1,690 6,658 13,186 15,416 142000 1,869 345 2,214 1,829 2,872 1,656 6,549 12,906 15,120 152001 1,887 369 2,256 1,857 2,686 1,544 6,379 12,466 14,722 152002 1,780 333 2,113 1,825 2,739 1,546 6,094 12,204 14,317 15

(b) annual averages

Fatal 1994-98 average(1) 95 5 100 82 40 50 63 235 335 30 1998-2002 average 84 5 89 78 33 46 55 212 301 30

Fatal & Serious 1994-98 average(1) 586 90 676 626 705 505 1,491 3,327 4,003 17 1998-2002 average 507 77 583 569 523 446 1,188 2,726 3,309 18

All Severities 1994-98 average(1) 1,886 424 2,310 1,984 3,421 1,659 7,134 14,198 16,508 14 1998-2002 average 1,867 369 2,236 1,901 2,921 1,632 6,530 12,983 15,219 15

(c) Per cent changes

2002 on 2001Fatal 18 -43 12 -25 -26 -6 -16 -19 -11Fatal & Serious -14 -8 -14 -12 5 -1 -6 -5 -6All Severities -6 -10 -6 -2 2 0 -4 -2 -3

2002 on 1994-98 averageFatal -8 -26 -9 -13 -38 -8 -33 -22 -18Fatal & Serious -27 -24 -27 -18 -33 -19 -30 -26 -26All Severities -6 -22 -9 -8 -20 -7 -15 -14 -13

1998-2002 average on 1994-98 averageFatal -11 -7 -11 -5 -17 -8 -12 -10 -10Fatal & Serious -14 -15 -14 -9 -26 -12 -20 -18 -17All Severities -1 -13 -3 -4 -15 -2 -8 -9 -8

(1) based on the road network following the 1 April 1996 changes - see Annex E

53

Table 5 Accidents

(a) Accidents by severity and road class for built-up and non built-up roads (1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002Major roads Minor roads All

Motor- All All roadsways major minor

Non Non roads Non Non roadsbuilt Built built Built built Built built Built up up up up up up up up

Fatal1994-98 ave 10 85 5 82 40 222 34 19 16 44 113 335

1992 14 89 13 100 63 279 44 21 12 70 147 426 1993 18 79 5 87 53 242 31 16 15 55 117 359 1994 11 82 6 79 40 218 34 19 11 37 101 319 1995 10 92 7 85 43 237 38 22 12 52 124 361 1996 6 78 7 76 40 207 28 19 17 45 109 316 1997 15 86 4 88 37 230 43 13 19 35 110 340 1998 6 88 3 81 41 219 25 21 23 51 120 339 1999 8 61 4 74 35 182 34 10 13 46 103 285 2000 14 82 7 69 31 203 22 14 17 41 94 297 2001 11 63 7 95 34 210 34 8 15 42 99 309 2002 17 70 4 71 25 187 32 12 14 30 88 275

1998-2002 ave 11 73 5 78 33 200 29 13 16 42 101 301

Fatal & Serious1994-98 ave 83 503 90 626 705 2,007 304 294 200 1,197 1,996 4,003

1992 86 542 132 731 907 2,398 362 319 220 1,395 2,296 4,694 1993 75 496 100 650 717 2,038 283 284 236 1,169 1,972 4,010 1994 96 526 97 678 854 2,251 334 369 240 1,449 2,392 4,643 1995 91 544 102 653 842 2,232 301 329 210 1,360 2,200 4,432 1996 61 488 92 557 611 1,809 301 257 181 1,083 1,822 3,631 1997 92 472 81 619 610 1,874 291 249 190 1,048 1,778 3,652 1998 76 484 80 621 609 1,870 295 264 181 1,047 1,787 3,657 1999 76 420 83 594 560 1,733 288 214 180 1,079 1,761 3,494 2000 84 465 76 529 519 1,673 269 204 190 967 1,630 3,303 2001 73 427 75 585 453 1,613 263 186 152 932 1,533 3,146 2002 74 354 69 514 475 1,486 253 196 158 851 1,458 2,944

1998-2002 ave 77 430 77 569 523 1,675 274 213 172 975 1,634 3,309

All severities1994-98 ave 361 1,524 424 1,984 3,421 7,715 959 1,293 700 5,841 8,793 16,508

1992 359 1,534 508 2,151 4,019 8,571 1,037 1,379 762 6,259 9,437 18,008 1993 282 1,538 439 2,117 3,576 7,952 980 1,254 775 5,725 8,734 16,686 1994 334 1,512 386 1,939 3,622 7,793 892 1,398 689 5,996 8,975 16,768 1995 344 1,509 447 1,979 3,468 7,747 889 1,281 690 5,927 8,787 16,534 1996 310 1,533 428 1,844 3,282 7,397 971 1,245 705 5,755 8,676 16,073 1997 401 1,535 446 2,055 3,374 7,811 1,003 1,220 732 5,880 8,835 16,646 1998 418 1,532 415 2,103 3,359 7,827 1,038 1,322 685 5,647 8,692 16,519 1999 427 1,420 383 1,890 2,948 7,068 979 1,120 711 5,538 8,348 15,416 2000 448 1,421 345 1,829 2,872 6,915 953 1,006 703 5,543 8,205 15,120 2001 508 1,379 369 1,857 2,686 6,799 911 1,043 633 5,336 7,923 14,722 2002 467 1,313 333 1,825 2,739 6,677 868 1,035 678 5,059 7,640 14,317

1998-2002 ave 454 1,413 369 1,901 2,921 7,057 950 1,105 682 5,425 8,162 15,219

(1) The figures for the earlier years are based on the road network following the 1 April 1996 changes, rather than the road network at the time of the accident (see Annex E).

C & Unclassifiedroads (1)LA A Trunk A B roads

roads (1)

54

Table 5 Accidents

(b) Accident rates by severity and road class for built-up and non built-up roads rates per 100 million vehicle km Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1993 to 2002 (1)

Major roads Minor roads(2) AllMotor- All All roadsways roads major minor

Non Non roads Non Non roadsbuilt Built built Built built Built built Built up(3) up(3) up(3) up(3) up(3) up(3) up(3) up(3)

Fatal1994-98 ave 0.21 1.08 0.61 1.17 0.94 0.90 1.42 1.37 0.49 0.75 0.51 0.72

1993 0.46 1.09 0.59 1.35 1.32 1.07 1.36 1.18 0.47 0.96 0.55 0.821994 0.27 1.10 0.69 1.19 0.98 0.94 1.46 1.39 0.34 0.64 0.47 0.711995 0.23 1.20 0.79 1.24 1.02 0.99 1.63 1.61 0.37 0.90 0.57 0.791996 0.13 0.98 0.78 1.09 0.93 0.84 1.18 1.38 0.51 0.77 0.49 0.671997 0.31 1.05 0.45 1.24 0.85 0.91 1.78 0.94 0.56 0.59 0.49 0.711998 0.12 1.06 0.34 1.12 0.94 0.85 1.04 1.51 0.67 0.84 0.53 0.701999 0.16 0.73 0.47 1.02 0.80 0.70 1.39 0.72 0.37 0.74 0.44 0.582000 0.26 1.02 0.80 0.97 0.71 0.79 0.91 1.04 0.48 0.65 0.40 0.602001 0.20 0.77 0.80 1.32 0.79 0.81 1.41 0.61 0.42 0.65 0.42 0.622002 0.30 0.81 0.44 0.95 0.57 0.69 1.29 0.91 0.37 0.45 0.36 0.53

1998-2002 ave 0.21 0.87 0.57 1.07 0.76 0.77 1.21 0.96 0.46 0.66 0.43 0.61

Fatal & Serious1994-98 ave 1.83 6.35 10.25 8.98 16.56 8.17 12.83 21.37 6.00 20.38 9.00 8.56

1993 1.90 6.83 11.72 10.08 17.84 9.04 12.45 20.91 7.46 20.45 9.22 9.131994 2.34 7.04 11.19 10.19 20.93 9.71 14.32 27.07 7.38 25.18 11.02 10.341995 2.13 7.09 11.58 9.56 20.02 9.35 12.90 24.10 6.44 23.50 10.09 9.711996 1.35 6.12 10.30 7.96 14.18 7.32 12.68 18.72 5.43 18.48 8.23 7.751997 1.92 5.76 9.13 8.72 14.08 7.40 12.06 18.07 5.58 17.66 7.91 7.641998 1.50 5.85 9.07 8.59 13.96 7.25 12.22 18.99 5.27 17.32 7.85 7.531999 1.49 5.00 9.66 8.16 12.82 6.66 11.81 15.43 5.13 17.26 7.54 7.082000 1.58 5.80 8.72 7.42 11.90 6.51 11.07 15.14 5.37 15.33 6.94 6.722001 1.34 5.19 8.53 8.11 10.51 6.18 10.91 14.09 4.27 14.49 6.46 6.322002 1.32 4.07 7.67 6.91 10.88 5.50 10.16 14.84 4.21 12.68 5.89 5.69

1998-2002 ave 1.44 5.17 8.72 7.83 12.02 6.41 11.23 15.73 4.84 15.36 6.92 6.65

All severities1994-98 ave 7.94 19.25 48.12 28.49 80.35 31.40 40.39 94.13 20.98 99.40 39.65 35.31

1993 7.13 21.18 51.47 32.82 88.96 35.28 43.10 92.34 24.51 100.16 40.84 37.981994 8.14 20.23 44.52 29.13 88.77 33.62 38.23 102.57 21.20 104.21 41.35 37.361995 8.06 19.68 50.74 28.96 82.45 32.47 38.09 93.85 21.15 102.42 40.31 36.211996 6.84 19.23 47.93 26.36 76.17 29.94 40.92 90.68 21.16 98.19 39.20 34.321997 8.36 18.73 50.28 28.94 77.90 30.86 41.58 88.53 21.48 99.11 39.32 34.831998 8.27 18.51 47.05 29.08 76.99 30.33 43.00 95.11 19.94 93.42 38.18 34.011999 8.37 16.90 44.59 25.97 67.49 27.18 40.16 80.75 20.26 88.61 35.76 31.242000 8.44 17.73 39.56 25.66 65.86 26.92 39.22 74.68 19.85 87.90 34.96 30.762001 9.31 16.76 41.98 25.75 62.32 26.07 37.80 79.02 17.79 82.95 33.41 29.562002 8.32 15.11 37.00 24.53 62.73 24.72 34.87 78.35 18.08 75.35 30.89 27.67

1998-2002 ave 8.55 16.98 42.01 26.19 67.09 27.02 38.99 81.69 19.16 85.43 34.57 30.61

1. The figures for 1993 to 2001 (inclusive) differ from those which were available previously, as DfT has revised its method of estimating traffic volumes for 1993 onwards. As the traffic estimates for 1992 are on a different basis, that year is not shown in the table.2. The figures for minor roads have been revised greatly from those published previously following DfT's introduction of a new and improved method of estimating the volume of traffic on minor roads - see section 4.3 of the text.3. Traffic estimates are now based on an "urban/rural" split which differs slightly from the "built-up/non built-up" classification usedfor the number of accidents. Therefore, these rates are approximations: the "non-built up" rate is the number of accidents on "non-built up" roads divided by the estimated volume of traffic on "rural" roads, for example.

roadsC & UnclassifiedTrunk A LA A B roads

55

Table 5 Accidents

(c) Accident rates on major roads by police force area and severity Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averagesSeverity/ Trunk Local Authority All

Motorways A roads A roads(1) MajorPolice force area Roads

Accident rate per 100 million vehicle km - for 1994-98 average

FatalNorthern - 1.0 1.8 1.3Grampian - 1.0 1.2 1.1Tayside 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.9Fife - 0.9 0.8 0.7Lothian & Borders 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.8Central 0.3 1.6 1.0 0.9Strathclyde 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.8Dumfries & Galloway 0.2 1.3 1.4 1.1Scotland 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.9

Fatal & SeriousNorthern - 8.6 12.1 9.9Grampian - 4.3 8.9 6.6Tayside 1.8 6.0 13.4 8.2Fife 1.1 4.8 8.4 6.3Lothian & Borders 1.1 3.7 9.6 6.6Central 2.2 11.9 11.9 8.7Strathclyde 2.1 8.7 14.5 9.4Dumfries & Galloway 1.4 6.9 12.4 6.9Scotland 1.8 6.7 11.9 8.2

All severitiesNorthern - 23.3 32.1 26.6Grampian - 18.2 39.2 28.6Tayside 5.5 16.4 38.7 23.3Fife 5.4 15.3 30.8 22.6Lothian & Borders 5.9 20.3 58.4 39.3Central 6.7 29.9 37.1 26.0Strathclyde 10.0 29.7 57.9 36.8Dumfries & Galloway 3.6 17.2 36.2 18.5Scotland 7.9 22.1 48.2 31.4

Percentage above/below Scottish average - for 1994-98 average

Fatal & SeriousNorthern n/a 27 2 21Grampian n/a -36 -25 -20Tayside -3 -12 13 -Fife -39 -29 -29 -23Lothian & Borders -38 -46 -19 -20Central 18 77 1 7Strathclyde 14 29 22 15Dumfries & Galloway -24 3 4 -15

All severitiesNorthern n/a 5 -33 -15Grampian n/a -18 -19 -9Tayside -31 -26 -20 -26Fife -33 -31 -36 -28Lothian & Borders -26 -8 21 25Central -16 35 -23 -17Strathclyde 26 34 20 17Dumfries & Galloway -54 -22 -25 -41

1. DfT has changed the method of estimating traffic volumes, with the result that estimates of rates for"built-up" and "non built-up" roads may be unreliable for some areas - see the footnote in part (b) of Table 5.Therefore, this table does not provide the breakdown that appeared in previous editions.

56

Table 5 Accidents

(c) Accident rates on major roads by police force area and severity - continued Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averagesSeverity/ Trunk Local Authority All

Motorways A roads A roads(1) MajorPolice force area Roads

Accident rate per 100 million vehicle km - for 1998-2002 average

FatalNorthern - 1.1 1.6 1.3Grampian - 0.8 1.3 1.0Tayside 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.8Fife 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.7Lothian & Borders 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6Central 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.8Strathclyde 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.7Dumfries & Galloway 0.2 0.9 1.2 0.7Scotland 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.8

Fatal & SeriousNorthern - 7.5 10.1 8.5Grampian - 3.9 7.0 5.4Tayside 1.7 4.5 10.7 6.5Fife 1.2 3.5 7.1 5.1Lothian & Borders 0.9 3.1 7.7 5.2Central 1.4 10.8 9.9 7.0Strathclyde 1.6 6.8 11.2 7.2Dumfries & Galloway 1.3 5.7 9.0 5.0Scotland 1.4 5.5 9.4 6.4

All severitiesNorthern - 22.1 28.0 24.3Grampian - 14.3 28.7 21.4Tayside 5.7 14.1 36.1 21.2Fife 6.9 14.8 26.5 20.0Lothian & Borders 8.4 15.1 48.5 31.9Central 5.9 27.4 32.8 22.5Strathclyde 10.4 26.1 51.6 32.4Dumfries & Galloway 5.3 16.8 33.1 16.8Scotland 8.6 19.4 41.5 27.0

Percentage above/below Scottish average - for 1998-2002 average

Fatal & SeriousNorthern n/a 36 8 32Grampian n/a -30 -26 -16Tayside 17 -18 14 1Fife -14 -36 -25 -20Lothian & Borders -35 -44 -19 -20Central -6 96 5 9Strathclyde 13 23 19 12Dumfries & Galloway -10 4 -4 -21

All severitiesNorthern n/a 14 -33 -10Grampian n/a -26 -31 -21Tayside -33 -27 -13 -22Fife -19 -24 -36 -26Lothian & Borders -2 -22 17 18Central -31 41 -21 -17Strathclyde 21 35 24 20Dumfries & Galloway -38 -14 -20 -38

1. DfT has changed the method of estimating traffic volumes, with the result that estimates of rates for"built-up" and "non built-up" roads may be unreliable for some areas - see the footnote in part (b) of Table 5.Therefore, this table does not provide the breakdown that appeared in previous editions.

57

Table 6 Accidents

Fatal and serious accidents by month, separately for each road typeYears: 1998-2002 average(Months adjusted to 30 day standard)

Trunk roads LA non built-up major roads

LA non built-up minor roads LA built-up major roads

LA built-up minor roads All roads

0

5

10

15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

% of year total

0

5

10

15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

% of year total

0

5

10

15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

5

10

15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

% of year total % of year total

0

5

10

15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

5

10

15

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

% of year total % of year total

58

Table 6 Accidents

Accidents by severity, month and road typeYears: 1998-2002 average(figures adjusted to standard 30 day month)

Trunk Local Authority Total Trunk Local Authority TotalAll All

Major Minor Major Minor Roads Major Minor Major Minor Roads

Fatal numbers percentages

January 9 6 2 3 5 23 9.9 7.6 3.4 7.7 8.6 7.8February 8 6 2 4 3 24 9.0 8.3 5.2 13.0 5.9 8.1March 5 5 4 3 3 21 6.0 6.5 9.9 8.3 6.1 7.0April 7 6 4 2 3 22 7.5 7.5 8.9 7.3 5.9 7.4May 6 7 3 3 4 23 6.6 8.6 7.3 8.9 7.9 7.7June 5 6 4 2 4 21 6.2 7.5 9.3 4.9 7.4 7.1July 9 8 4 2 4 27 10.4 9.8 9.4 6.5 7.9 9.2August 8 9 7 3 4 31 8.8 11.6 15.0 9.4 8.2 10.4September 8 9 5 2 5 28 9.1 11.4 11.1 4.9 8.9 9.5October 8 7 3 2 5 24 8.8 8.8 6.4 5.9 9.3 8.2November 9 6 5 3 7 30 10.5 7.8 10.2 9.1 13.7 10.2December 6 3 2 5 6 22 7.3 4.5 3.9 14.2 10.4 7.4Year total 88 77 45 33 54 297 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fatal &Serious

January 45 34 28 37 87 231 7.8 6.1 6.3 7.2 7.4 7.1February 43 46 33 43 95 261 7.5 8.2 7.5 8.4 8.1 8.0March 38 38 29 44 91 240 6.6 6.7 6.6 8.5 7.8 7.3April 45 41 32 42 81 240 7.8 7.4 7.2 8.1 6.9 7.4May 44 51 39 39 108 281 7.7 9.1 8.8 7.6 9.2 8.6June 50 55 44 35 93 277 8.7 9.8 10.0 6.7 8.0 8.5July 59 59 46 35 93 292 10.3 10.5 10.4 6.9 7.9 8.9August 58 56 50 44 109 316 10.0 9.9 11.4 8.4 9.3 9.7September 51 48 40 41 101 281 9.0 8.5 9.1 8.0 8.6 8.6October 50 47 36 50 104 286 8.6 8.3 8.3 9.7 8.9 8.8November 44 45 36 50 113 288 7.7 8.1 8.2 9.7 9.7 8.8December 48 41 27 55 97 268 8.3 7.3 6.2 10.7 8.3 8.2Year total 574 561 439 516 1,171 3,261 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

All Severities

January 180 152 116 231 519 1,198 8.2 8.1 7.2 8.0 8.1 8.0February 182 164 133 263 535 1,277 8.3 8.7 8.2 9.1 8.3 8.5March 155 120 109 229 514 1,127 7.0 6.4 6.8 7.9 8.0 7.5April 156 138 115 220 495 1,123 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.6 7.7 7.5May 161 146 124 229 550 1,210 7.3 7.8 7.7 8.0 8.5 8.1June 178 161 147 232 522 1,241 8.1 8.6 9.1 8.1 8.1 8.3July 197 177 147 205 460 1,186 9.0 9.4 9.2 7.1 7.1 7.9August 225 171 161 240 552 1,349 10.2 9.1 10.0 8.3 8.6 9.0September 187 151 143 228 544 1,253 8.5 8.1 8.9 7.9 8.5 8.4October 192 160 139 258 571 1,321 8.7 8.6 8.7 9.0 8.9 8.8November 195 173 145 283 616 1,412 8.9 9.2 9.0 9.8 9.6 9.4December 194 164 129 263 559 1,308 8.8 8.7 8.0 9.1 8.7 8.7Year total 2,202 1,876 1,609 2,881 6,437 15,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Note: As figures in this table have been adjusted to be 30 day months, they may not be comparable with other tables in this publication.

Built-upNon Built-up Non Built-up Built-up

59

60

Table 7 Accidents

Accidents by light condition, road surface condition(1), severity Built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002

Built-up Non built-up TotalLight and Road Fatal Fatal & All Fatal Fatal & All Fatal Fatal & All Surface Condition Serious Severities Serious Severities Serious Severities

Light Condition

Daylight1994-98 average 60 1,471 7,857 138 1,140 3,869 198 2,611 11,726

1998 69 1,315 7,832 141 1,122 4,058 210 2,437 11,8901999 44 1,272 7,288 113 1,058 3,825 157 2,330 11,1132000 54 1,206 7,056 137 1,040 3,733 191 2,246 10,7892001 50 1,034 6,774 139 1,049 3,765 189 2,083 10,5392002 40 1,032 6,490 133 954 3,677 173 1,986 10,167

1998-2002 average 51 1,172 7,088 133 1,045 3,812 184 2,216 10,900

Darkness1994-98 average 49 816 3,122 89 576 1,660 137 1,392 4,782

1998 47 685 2,911 82 535 1,718 129 1,220 4,6291999 51 664 2,701 77 500 1,602 128 1,164 4,3032000 39 560 2,710 67 497 1,621 106 1,057 4,3312001 41 612 2,660 79 451 1,523 120 1,063 4,1832002 31 559 2,676 71 399 1,474 102 958 4,150

1998-2002 average 42 616 2,732 75 476 1,588 117 1,092 4,319

Road Surface Condition

Dry1994-98 average 60 1,397 6,760 124 872 2,592 184 2,269 9,352

1998 65 1,203 6,328 119 803 2,568 184 2,006 8,8961999 63 1,197 6,087 99 771 2,376 162 1,968 8,4632000 54 1,088 5,852 105 763 2,370 159 1,851 8,2222001 50 994 5,840 113 722 2,324 163 1,716 8,1642002 40 951 5,366 96 626 2,170 136 1,577 7,536

1998-2002 average 54 1,087 5,895 106 737 2,362 161 1,824 8,256

Wet/Damp/Flood1994-98 average 47 848 3,975 93 737 2,485 141 1,585 6,460

1998 49 771 4,225 96 777 2,790 145 1,548 7,0151999 31 696 3,645 83 686 2,503 114 1,382 6,1482000 39 651 3,677 91 680 2,541 130 1,331 6,2182001 39 605 3,286 96 648 2,407 135 1,253 5,6932002 30 623 3,634 104 647 2,651 134 1,270 6,285

1998-2002 average 38 669 3,693 94 688 2,578 132 1,357 6,272

Snow/Frost/Ice1994-98 average 1 41 245 9 108 451 10 149 696

1998 2 26 190 8 77 418 10 103 6081999 1 41 245 7 89 514 8 130 7592000 0 26 229 8 80 392 8 106 6212001 2 46 301 8 113 523 10 159 8242002 1 15 154 4 62 291 5 77 445

1998-2002 average 1 31 224 7 84 428 8 115 651

All conditions(1)

1994-98 average 108 2,287 10,980 227 1,716 5,528 335 4,003 16,5081998 116 2,000 10,743 223 1,657 5,776 339 3,657 16,5191999 95 1,936 9,989 190 1,558 5,427 285 3,494 15,4162000 93 1,766 9,766 204 1,537 5,354 297 3,303 15,1202001 91 1,646 9,434 218 1,500 5,288 309 3,146 14,7222002 71 1,591 9,166 204 1,353 5,151 275 2,944 14,317

1998-2002 average 93 1,788 9,820 208 1,521 5,399 301 3,309 15,219

1. Separate codes for the road surface conditions 'Oil or Diesel' and 'Mud' were used for the first time in 1999. The accidents for which these codes were used are included in the 'All conditions' figures, but not under any of the other categories "Dry", "Wet/Damp/Flood" or "Snow/Frost/Ice".

61

Table 8 Accidents

Accidents by junction detail and severityYear: 1998 to 2002 average

Built-up roads

Non built-up roads

0 20 40 60 80 100

Other junction

Private drive

Multiple junction

Cross roads

Slip road

T/Y/staggered junction

Mini-roundabout

Roundabout

More than 20m from junction

Fatal

Serious

Slight

0 20 40 60 80 100

Other junction

Private drive

Multiple junction

Cross roads

Slip road

T/Y/staggered junction

Mini-roundabout

Roundabout

More than 20m from junctionFatal

Serious

Slight

% of severity total for built-up roads

% of severity total for non built-up roads

62

Table 8 Accidents

Accidents by junction detail and severitySeparately for built-up and non built-up roadsYear: 1998 to 2002 average

Fatal Serious SlightAll

Severities Fatal Serious SlightAll

Severitiesnumbers percentage of total

Built-upMore than 20m from junction 45 772 2,995 3,812 48 46 37 39 Roundabout 3 60 521 583 3 4 6 6 Mini-roundabout - 6 42 48 - - 1 - T/Y/staggered junction 31 596 2,994 3,621 34 35 37 37 Slip road - 9 55 64 - 1 1 1 Cross roads 10 172 1,014 1,197 11 10 13 12 Multiple junction - 22 115 138 - 1 1 1 Private drive 1 18 93 112 1 1 1 1 Other junction 2 40 202 244 2 2 3 2 Total 93 1,695 8,032 9,820 100 100 100 100

Non built-upMore than 20m from junction 160 959 2,696 3,815 77 73 70 71 Roundabout 1 26 199 226 - 2 5 4 Mini-roundabout - 1 1 2 - - - - T/Y/staggered junction 31 203 571 805 15 15 15 15 Slip road 5 32 150 187 2 2 4 3 Cross roads 5 34 88 126 2 3 2 2 Multiple junction - 3 10 13 - - - - Private drive 4 30 88 121 2 2 2 2 Other junction 2 26 74 103 1 2 2 2 Total 208 1,313 3,878 5,399 100 100 100 100

TotalMore than 20m from junction 205 1,731 5,691 7,627 68 58 48 50 Roundabout 3 86 720 810 1 3 6 5 Mini-roundabout - 6 43 49 - - - - T/Y/staggered junction 63 799 3,564 4,426 21 27 30 29 Slip road 5 41 205 252 2 1 2 2 Cross roads 15 206 1,102 1,323 5 7 9 9 Multiple junction - 25 126 151 - 1 1 1 Private drive 5 47 181 234 2 2 2 2 Other junction 4 66 276 347 1 2 2 2 Total 301 3,008 11,910 15,219 100 100 100 100

63

Accident Costs

Accident Costs: Details of Calculations

Tables 9 and 10 opposite provide the Department for Transport’s estimates of the values assigned to the cost of road casualties and accidents in Great Britain in 2002, for use in cost-benefit analysis of the prevention of road casualties and accidents in road schemes.

The valuation of casualty costs calculated for Great Britain for all levels of severity are now based on a “willingness to pay human cost” approach. This is intended to encompass all aspects of the costs of casualties including both the human cost and the direct economic cost. The human cost covers an amount to reflect the pain, grief and suffering to the casualty, relatives and friends, and, for fatal casualties, the intrinsic loss of enjoyment of life over and above the consumption of goods and services. The economic cost covers loss of output due to injury and medical costs.

The cost of an accident also includes:

i. the cost of damage to vehicles and property; and

ii. the cost of police and insurance administration.

Further information about the methods used by DfT to produce the estimates shown in Tables 9 and 10 is available from:-

Road Safety Branch 4 Department for Transport Zone 2/09 Great Minster House 76 Marsham Street LONDON SW1P 4DR

(Tel: 020 7944 2040)

The cost per accident in Scotland and the total cost of all accidents in Scotland are given in Tables 11 and 12 opposite. These costs for Scotland are calculated using the casualty costs for Great Britain and the number of casualties by severity in accidents in Scotland. The costs per accident are higher in Scotland than in Great Britain because Scotland has more casualties per accident and has a higher proportion of fatal and serious casualties in an accident.

Also estimated are the number of “damage only” accidents and their average costs.

The estimated total costs at 2002 prices of accidents in 2001 and earlier years are calculated by applying the estimated “per accident” costs for 2002 to the number of accidents of each type in 2001 and earlier years.

64

Table 9 Accident Costs

Average cost per casualty by severity for Great Britain (£) at 2002 pricesKilled Seriously Slightly Average

Injured Injured all casualties

Average cost per casualty for Great Britain 1,249,890 140,450 10,830 40,290

Table 10

Costs per accident by element of cost and severity for Great Britain (£) at 2002 prices

Fatal Serious Slight Damage only

Casualty related costs for GB: Lost output 479,750 19,520 2,320 Medical/ambulance 5,400 11,700 980 Pain, grief, suffering 952,100 132,820 11,030Police and damage to property costs for GB: Police/administration 1,460 200 40 3 Damage to property - Motorways 12,890 11,000 5,570 1,940

- Non built-up roads 10,140 4,620 3,060 2,020- Built-up roads 5,980 3,200 1,890 1,350

Total costs per accident for GB 1,447,490 168,260 16,750 1,490

Table 11

Cost per accident by road type and severity in Scotland (£) for 2002 at 2002 pricesAverage Damage Average

Category of road Fatal Serious Slight for all only for allinjury accidents

accidents

Non built-up roads 1,493,976 188,371 18,240 116,819 2,023 15,068Built-up roads 1,334,648 156,260 15,206 48,818 1,353 3,891Motorways 1,858,353 172,140 20,822 106,182 1,943 14,064All roads 1,475,366 169,737 16,308 72,936 1,484 6,206

Trunk roads only 1,635,828 189,063 18,527 121,043 1,808 13,364

Table 12

Total estimated accident costs in Scotland (£ million) at 2002 prices, by severityYears: 1992 to 2002

Injury Road Accidents Damage AllNon All injury only accidents

Motorway built-up Built-up accidents Fatal Serious Slight1992 40.9 761.3 756.7 1,559.0 614.0 732.8 212.2 383.2 1,942.11993 42.2 683.4 637.1 1,362.7 526.6 633.1 203.0 352.8 1,715.51994 42.0 687.0 689.3 1,418.3 485.3 740.6 192.4 357.4 1,775.71995 37.1 712.9 684.7 1,434.7 546.6 695.0 193.0 351.4 1,786.11996 24.0 638.1 585.0 1,247.2 469.3 576.7 201.2 340.8 1,588.01997 41.2 695.9 547.6 1,284.7 501.4 572.1 211.2 351.5 1,636.21998 29.8 676.6 589.5 1,295.9 509.7 577.3 208.9 348.0 1,643.91999 31.8 575.7 536.8 1,144.2 406.4 541.8 196.0 324.4 1,468.62000 42.2 583.9 506.0 1,132.2 430.6 507.3 194.4 317.9 1,450.12001 34.4 614.4 482.5 1,131.4 459.0 483.1 189.2 308.9 1,440.22002 49.6 547.2 447.5 1,044.2 405.7 453.0 185.5 300.3 1,344.5

Accident Severity

Accident Severity

65

Table 13 Vehicles Involved

Vehicles involved by typeYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002

Year Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(2) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(2) Totalcycle cycle(1) Coach goods goods

numbers

1994-98average 1,320 940 20,975 527 153 1,156 1,201 891 356 27,518

1992 1,331 1,233 21,739 373 191 1,433 1,504 1,209 293 29,306 1993 1,225 1,119 20,420 384 186 1,253 1,356 1,089 326 27,358 1994 1,416 935 20,843 408 154 1,308 1,307 988 335 27,694 1995 1,361 975 20,576 508 181 1,096 1,227 961 347 27,232 1996 1,346 867 20,343 571 140 1,095 1,137 805 372 26,676 1997 1,309 951 21,785 555 145 1,098 1,143 853 368 28,207 1998 1,167 972 21,328 594 145 1,181 1,189 847 358 27,781

1999 1,062 1,032 19,623 552 125 1,040 1,073 944 384 25,835 2000 898 1,154 19,273 589 134 1,110 984 923 473 25,538 2001 942 1,206 18,605 548 101 1,086 933 1,013 434 24,868 2002 853 1,196 18,162 499 115 1,057 853 996 374 24,105

1998-2002 984 1,112 19,398 556 124 1,095 1,006 945 405 25,625 average

Per cent changes:2002 on 2001 -9 -1 -2 -9 14 -3 -9 -2 -14 -3

2002 on1994-98 average -35 27 -13 -5 -25 -9 -29 12 5 -12

1. Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles.2. Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.

66

Table 14 Vehicles Involved

(a) Vehicles involved by manoeuvre and type of vehicleSeparately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1998-2002 average

Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(2) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(2) Total(3)

cycle cycle(1) coach goods goods

Built-up

Reversing 5 2 278 14 5 8 34 14 10 370 Parked 2 2 568 15 6 84 44 27 14 762 Stopping 10 22 437 20 5 152 23 10 6 684 Starting 7 2 113 14 1 61 8 4 2 212 U turn 2 3 120 12 1 - 5 3 2 147 Turning/waiting turn left 24 15 406 15 1 35 19 17 9 541 Turning/waiting turn right 51 28 1,428 45 5 48 48 34 19 1,707 Changing lane 14 3 111 5 1 11 8 7 3 164 Overtaking 25 50 336 13 3 18 18 12 9 484 Going round bend 23 41 549 16 3 21 18 29 9 708 Waiting/going ahead 706 426 7,656 341 35 550 331 213 122 10,380 Total(3) 867 595 12,003 509 67 987 555 370 206 16,160

Non built-up

Reversing 1 - 24 1 - - 2 6 3 36 Parked - - 79 1 2 6 12 17 9 125 Stopping 1 10 289 2 2 6 18 14 5 346 Starting - 1 17 - - 1 1 1 1 23 U turn - 1 22 - - - 2 1 1 27 Turning/waiting turn left 2 8 94 - 1 2 5 6 4 123 Turning/waiting turn right 8 10 482 5 5 5 27 27 33 603 Changing lane 5 6 109 - 1 1 8 28 3 161 Overtaking 1 53 343 1 2 5 20 21 4 450 Going round bend 13 196 1,734 11 15 19 85 116 34 2,223 Waiting/going ahead 86 232 4,201 25 29 62 271 338 103 5,346 Total(3) 117 517 7,395 47 57 107 452 575 199 9,465

Total

Reversing 5 2 302 15 5 8 36 20 13 406 Parked 2 3 647 16 7 89 55 44 22 887 Stopping 11 32 726 22 6 158 41 24 12 1,031 Starting 8 3 131 14 2 62 9 5 2 235 U turn 2 3 142 12 1 - 7 3 3 174 Turning/waiting turn left 26 23 501 15 2 36 24 23 13 663 Turning/waiting turn right 60 38 1,910 50 10 54 75 61 52 2,310 Changing lane 19 9 220 5 2 13 16 35 6 325 Overtaking 25 102 679 14 5 24 38 33 13 934 Going round bend 36 238 2,283 27 19 40 102 145 43 2,931 Waiting/going ahead 791 659 11,856 366 64 611 603 550 225 15,726 Total(3) 984 1,112 19,398 556 124 1,095 1,006 945 405 25,625

1. Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles. 2. Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.3. Totals include a small number of cases where the manoeuvre is unknown

67

Table 14 Vehicles Involved

(b) Vehicles involved by junction detail and type of vehicleSeparately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1998-2002 average

Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(2) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(2) Totalcycle cycle(1) coach goods goods

Built-up

Over 20m from junction 264 194 4,265 165 26 415 212 146 82 5,769 Roundabout 71 49 778 18 5 48 32 33 12 1,047 Mini roundabout 7 3 61 2 - 5 2 2 1 83 T/Y or staggered junction 390 252 4,539 189 25 337 213 118 68 6,131 Slip road 5 3 89 3 - 5 4 4 2 114 Crossroads 87 66 1,631 101 7 131 65 42 25 2,156 Multiple junction 9 5 177 12 - 17 6 7 4 238 Private drive 17 10 151 4 1 7 11 7 3 211 Other junction 16 14 311 16 2 23 10 10 8 411 Total 867 595 12,003 509 67 987 555 370 206 16,160

Non built-up

Over 20m from junction 76 355 4,955 28 42 68 315 419 129 6,387 Roundabout 8 26 312 3 1 6 13 25 5 400 Mini roundabout - - 2 - - - - - - 3 T/Y or staggered junction 22 83 1,255 9 9 20 77 79 35 1,589 Slip road 3 10 294 2 1 4 13 21 4 352 Crossroads 3 9 209 2 1 3 11 9 7 254 Multiple junction - 1 22 - - - 1 2 - 26 Private drive 2 18 179 2 3 4 15 12 12 247 Other junction 3 13 165 1 1 2 7 8 6 207 Total 117 517 7,395 47 57 107 452 575 199 9,465

Total

Over 20m from junction 340 549 9,220 193 68 483 527 565 211 12,156 Roundabout 79 75 1,090 22 6 54 45 59 17 1,446 Mini roundabout 7 4 63 2 - 5 2 2 1 86 T/Y or staggered junction 412 335 5,794 198 33 357 289 197 104 7,720 Slip road 8 13 384 5 1 9 17 24 6 467 Crossroads 90 75 1,840 103 9 134 76 51 32 2,410 Multiple junction 9 6 200 12 - 17 7 9 4 263 Private drive 19 28 331 6 3 10 26 19 15 458 Other junction 19 27 476 17 3 25 18 19 14 618 Total 984 1,112 19,398 556 124 1,095 1,006 945 405 25,625

1. Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles. 2. Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.

68

Table 15 Cars Involved

Cars involved in accidents by manoeuvre and type of accident(1)

Separately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1998-2002 average

Type of Accident Type of AccidentSingle Single Two Three/ Total Single Single Two Three/ Totalvehicle vehicle & vehicles more vehicle vehicle & vehicles more

pedestrian vehicles pedestrian vehiclesnumbers percentages

Built-up

Reversing 5 151 113 9 278 1.0 5.9 1.6 0.5 2.3 Parked 1 5 271 291 568 0.2 0.2 3.8 15.6 4.7 Stopping 9 53 269 106 437 1.8 2.0 3.8 5.7 3.6 Starting 4 31 67 11 113 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.9 U Turn 1 6 102 10 120 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.5 1.0 Turning/wtg turn left 16 67 291 31 406 3.1 2.6 4.1 1.7 3.4 Turning/wtg turn right 22 91 1,178 137 1,428 4.2 3.5 16.7 7.3 11.9 Changing lane 1 5 94 11 111 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.6 0.9 Overtaking 7 118 179 33 336 1.2 4.6 2.5 1.8 2.8 Going round bend 168 55 286 40 549 31.5 2.2 4.1 2.1 4.6 Going/waiting go ahead 297 1,985 4,184 1,190 7,656 55.8 77.3 59.5 63.6 63.8 Total 532 2,567 7,035 1,869 12,003 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Non built-up

Reversing 2 1 17 4 24 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3 Parked 1 - 44 34 79 - 0.4 1.1 1.9 1.1 Stopping 8 2 139 140 289 0.5 1.5 3.6 8.0 3.9 Starting - - 14 2 17 - 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 U Turn - - 20 2 22 - - 0.5 0.1 0.3 Turning/wtg turn left 12 - 70 12 94 0.7 0.2 1.8 0.7 1.3 Turning/wtg turn right 9 1 387 85 482 0.6 0.7 10.0 4.8 6.5 Changing lane 15 - 66 27 109 0.9 - 1.7 1.5 1.5 Overtaking 30 5 212 96 343 1.8 4.2 5.5 5.5 4.6 Going round bend 830 9 758 137 1,734 50.2 8.2 19.6 7.8 23.4 Going/waiting go ahead 745 91 2,144 1,221 4,201 45.1 83.4 55.4 69.3 56.8 Total 1,654 110 3,871 1,760 7,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total

Reversing 7 152 130 13 302 0.3 5.7 1.2 0.4 1.6 Parked 2 5 315 325 647 0.1 0.2 2.9 9.0 3.3 Stopping 18 54 408 246 726 0.8 2.0 3.7 6.8 3.7 Starting 5 31 82 13 131 0.2 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 U Turn 2 6 122 12 142 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.7 Turning/wtg turn left 29 67 361 43 501 1.3 2.5 3.3 1.2 2.6 Turning/wtg turn right 32 91 1,565 222 1,910 1.5 3.4 14.3 6.1 9.8 Changing lane 16 5 160 38 220 0.7 0.2 1.5 1.1 1.1 Overtaking 37 123 391 129 679 1.7 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 Going round bend 998 64 1,044 177 2,283 45.6 2.4 9.6 4.9 11.8 Going/waiting go ahead 1,042 2,076 6,328 2,410 11,856 47.7 77.6 58.0 66.4 61.1 Total 2,186 2,677 10,906 3,630 19,398 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1. Totals include a small number of cases where the manoeuvre is unknown.

69

Table 16 Drivers and riders

Estimated distance between the home of the driver or rider and the location ofthe accident by type of vehicle: Scottish residents onlyexcluding cases for which the distance cannot be estimatedYear: 2002

All vehicles

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50Distance from home (km)

Number of drivers

Cars

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50

Distance from home (km)

Motor cycles

0

50

100

150

200

250

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50Distance from home (km)

Pedal cycles

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50Distance from home (km)

Other vehicles

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50Distance from home (km)

Number of drivers

Number of riders

Number of riders

Number of drivers

70

Table 16 Drivers and riders

Estimated distance between the home of the driver or rider and the location ofthe accident by type of vehicle and police force area in which the accident occurred(1)

Year: 2002Lothian & Dumfries &

Northern Grampian Tayside Fife Borders Central Strathclyde Galloway TotalPedal cycle rider

Postcode, invalid or not known 16 4 4 3 25 7 43 8 110 Driver from elsewhere in the UK 3 - - - - - 4 - 7 Scottish driver, distance not known - - - - - - 9 - 9 Vehicle parked and unattended - - - - - - - - - Non - UK driver - 1 - - - - - - 1 Up to 2 km 14 52 45 19 145 20 153 12 460 Over 2 up to 5 km 5 12 9 5 64 7 45 1 148 Over 5 up to 10 km 2 5 3 2 20 2 19 - 53 Over 10 up to 20 km 2 5 - 2 9 1 15 - 34 Over 20 up to 50 km 1 2 2 - 4 - 3 2 14 Over 50 km 11 - 1 - 3 - 1 1 17 Total 54 81 64 31 270 37 292 24 853

Motor cycle riderPostcode, invalid or not known 28 6 4 13 15 11 71 9 157 Driver from elsewhere in the UK 12 3 - - 16 - 4 2 37 Scottish driver, distance not known 2 - 1 - - - 19 - 22 Vehicle parked and unattended - - - - - - 2 - 2 Non - UK driver 10 1 1 - - 2 3 - 17 Up to 2 km 10 36 19 20 57 11 76 9 238 Over 2 up to 5 km 8 25 15 18 47 14 67 1 195 Over 5 up to 10 km 5 27 11 14 49 10 44 2 162 Over 10 up to 20 km 7 19 11 10 42 9 45 3 146 Over 20 up to 50 km 10 18 22 10 19 13 23 3 118 Over 50 km 28 8 21 2 11 9 18 5 102 Total 120 143 105 87 256 79 372 34 1,196

Car driverPostcode, invalid or not known 189 95 98 92 445 132 1,658 113 2,822 Driver from elsewhere in the UK 45 41 24 13 118 19 146 41 447 Scottish driver, distance not known 6 2 2 11 8 17 253 12 311 Vehicle parked and unattended 5 6 - - - 1 143 - 155 Non - UK driver 31 4 8 - - 7 14 - 64 Up to 2 km 94 325 364 267 880 239 2,061 91 4,321 Over 2 up to 5 km 72 247 270 206 657 198 1,329 63 3,042 Over 5 up to 10 km 73 227 193 160 528 129 1,140 50 2,500 Over 10 up to 20 km 84 209 209 164 429 92 850 54 2,091 Over 20 up to 50 km 73 192 161 92 334 88 563 40 1,543 Over 50 km 190 92 111 29 153 42 204 45 866 Total 862 1,440 1,440 1,034 3,552 964 8,361 509 18,162

Other driver or rider(2)

Postcode, invalid or not known 40 27 66 18 139 36 386 34 746 Driver from elsewhere in the UK 10 8 5 6 36 5 37 29 136 Scottish driver, distance not known - 1 - 2 3 4 53 1 64 Vehicle parked and unattended 1 2 - - - - 20 - 23 Non - UK driver 8 1 - - - 2 13 - 24 Up to 2 km 9 35 30 19 89 14 181 13 390 Over 2 up to 5 km 7 33 40 29 151 19 227 8 514 Over 5 up to 10 km 10 33 23 24 198 28 310 9 635 Over 10 up to 20 km 16 30 40 30 213 23 237 6 595 Over 20 up to 50 km 15 45 55 24 144 31 155 17 486 Over 50 km 38 34 59 12 55 12 61 10 281 Total 154 249 318 164 1,028 174 1,680 127 3,894

All drivers and ridersPostcode, invalid or not known 273 132 172 126 624 186 2,158 164 3,835 Driver from elsewhere in the UK 70 52 29 19 170 24 191 72 627 Scottish driver, distance not known 8 3 3 13 11 21 334 13 406 Vehicle parked and unattended 6 8 - - - 1 165 - 180 Non - UK driver 49 7 9 - - 11 30 - 106 Up to 2 km 127 448 458 325 1,171 284 2,471 125 5,409 Over 2 up to 5 km 92 317 334 258 919 238 1,668 73 3,899 Over 5 up to 10 km 90 292 230 200 795 169 1,513 61 3,350 Over 10 up to 20 km 109 263 260 206 693 125 1,147 63 2,866 Over 20 up to 50 km 99 257 240 126 501 132 744 62 2,161 Over 50 km 267 134 192 43 222 63 284 61 1,266 Total 1,190 1,913 1,927 1,316 5,106 1,254 10,705 694 24,105

1. The distance is estimated using the postcode of the house of the driver or rider, if this is available - please see Annex B.2. 'Other' includes taxis, minibus, bus or coach, ridden horse, agricultural vehicles and goods vehicles.

71

72

Table 17 Car Drivers

Cars drivers involved in accidents by manoeuvre and age of driverSeparately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1998-2002 average

not notknown known

or orunder under

17-22 23-29 30-59 60 and over

17 Total 17-22 23-29 30-59 60 and over

17 Total

numbers percentages

Built-up

Reversing 36 45 149 28 20 278 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.1 2.3Parked 24 38 207 27 272 568 1.3 1.9 3.2 2.4 41.9 4.7Stopping 61 76 255 31 14 437 3.4 3.8 3.9 2.8 2.2 3.6Starting 13 16 61 15 9 113 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.9U Turn 17 20 63 16 4 120 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.0Turning/wtg turn left 59 61 219 46 21 406 3.3 3.1 3.4 4.1 3.2 3.4Turning/wtg turn right 220 232 784 158 34 1,428 12.3 11.7 12.1 14.0 5.2 11.9Changing lane 12 20 56 10 13 111 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 2.0 0.9Overtaking 55 57 183 28 13 336 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.8Going round bend 143 104 257 33 12 549 8.0 5.2 4.0 2.9 1.9 4.6Going/wtg go ahead 1,146 1,317 4,223 734 235 7,656 64.2 66.3 65.4 65.1 36.2 63.8Total(1) 1,785 1,985 6,457 1,128 648 12,003 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Non built-up

Reversing 4 2 14 4 0 24 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3Parked 5 8 42 5 18 79 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.7 14.3 1.1Stopping 29 51 178 28 3 289 2.2 4.0 4.5 3.9 2.5 3.9Starting 1 3 9 3 0 17 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2U Turn 3 4 12 3 0 22 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3Turning/wtg turn left 15 12 53 13 2 94 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.3Turning/wtg turn right 60 61 262 94 6 482 4.6 4.8 6.6 12.9 4.6 6.5Changing lane 16 20 55 10 7 109 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 5.3 1.5Overtaking 75 67 166 24 12 343 5.7 5.3 4.2 3.2 9.3 4.6Going round bend 461 315 813 127 18 1,734 35.2 24.9 20.5 17.3 14.3 23.4Going/wtg go ahead 640 724 2,356 422 60 4,201 48.9 57.1 59.5 57.6 47.0 56.8Total(1) 1,308 1,268 3,959 733 127 7,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total

Reversing 39 47 163 32 21 302 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.7 1.6Parked 29 47 249 32 290 647 0.9 1.4 2.4 1.7 37.4 3.3Stopping 90 126 432 60 17 726 2.9 3.9 4.1 3.2 2.2 3.7Starting 14 19 70 18 9 131 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.7U Turn 19 24 75 19 4 142 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7Turning/wtg turn left 74 73 272 59 23 501 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.6Turning/wtg turn right 279 293 1,045 253 40 1,910 9.0 9.0 10.0 13.6 5.1 9.8Changing lane 28 40 112 20 20 220 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 2.6 1.1Overtaking 130 124 349 52 25 679 4.2 3.8 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.5Going round bend 604 419 1,069 159 31 2,283 19.5 12.9 10.3 8.6 3.9 11.8Going/wtg go ahead 1,786 2,040 6,579 1,157 295 11,856 57.7 62.7 63.2 62.1 38.0 61.1Total(1) 3,093 3,253 10,416 1,861 775 19,398 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1. Totals include a small number of cases where the manoeuvre is unknown

Age of DriverAge of Driver

73

Table 18 Car drivers

Car drivers involved in accidents by age and sexYears: 1992 to 2002

0

5

10

15

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

MaleFemale

Rate per thousand population(a) 17-22

0

5

10

15

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

MaleFemale

Rate per thousand population(b) 23-29

0

5

10

15

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

MaleFemale

Rate per thousand population(c) 30-59

0

5

10

15

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

MaleFemale

Rate per thousand population(d) 60+

0

5

10

15

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

17-22

23-29

30-59

60+

Rate per thousand population

(e) Male

0

5

10

15

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

17-22

23-29

30-59

60+

Rate per thousand population

(f) Female

74

Table 18 Car Drivers

Car drivers involved in accidents by age and sex(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002

Year Numbers Rates per thousand population17-22 23-29 30-59 60+ Total(2) 17-22 23-29 30-59 60+ Total(3)

Male 1994-98 average 2,600 2,660 6,616 1,375 13,514 13.5 10.2 6.6 3.2 7.01992 3,175 3,000 7,125 1,413 14,875 14.5 10.5 7.4 3.3 7.81993 2,672 2,853 6,351 1,376 13,415 12.6 10.1 6.5 3.2 7.01994 2,674 2,808 6,531 1,297 13,578 13.3 10.1 6.6 3.0 7.01995 2,635 2,764 6,404 1,332 13,415 13.6 10.1 6.4 3.1 6.91996 2,574 2,541 6,334 1,354 13,060 13.6 9.6 6.3 3.1 6.81997 2,641 2,657 6,901 1,482 13,993 14.1 10.5 6.8 3.4 7.21998 2,476 2,531 6,911 1,410 13,523 13.1 10.5 6.7 3.2 7.01999 2,157 2,190 6,491 1,342 12,287 11.4 9.5 6.3 3.0 6.42000 2,118 1,940 6,340 1,385 11,869 11.0 8.9 6.1 3.1 6.22001 2,039 1,787 6,077 1,331 11,304 10.4 8.5 5.8 2.9 5.92002 2,036 1,612 6,013 1,366 11,111 10.3 7.8 5.7 3.0 5.8

1998-2002 average 2,165 2,012 6,366 1,367 12,019 11.2 9.1 6.1 3.1 6.3

Female 1994-98 average 1,072 1,475 3,610 417 6,643 5.6 5.5 3.5 0.7 3.11992 1,213 1,438 3,113 369 6,160 5.6 5.0 3.1 0.6 2.91993 1,065 1,364 3,156 391 6,010 5.1 4.8 3.1 0.6 2.81994 1,120 1,430 3,318 352 6,269 5.6 5.0 3.2 0.6 2.91995 1,008 1,503 3,287 389 6,257 5.3 5.4 3.2 0.6 2.91996 1,080 1,427 3,547 429 6,557 5.7 5.3 3.4 0.7 3.11997 1,114 1,520 3,857 454 7,020 5.9 5.9 3.7 0.7 3.31998 1,040 1,497 4,040 459 7,112 5.5 6.0 3.8 0.7 3.31999 971 1,344 3,850 472 6,652 5.1 5.6 3.6 0.8 3.12000 841 1,178 3,951 509 6,501 4.4 5.1 3.6 0.8 3.12001 897 1,095 3,920 504 6,437 4.7 5.0 3.6 0.8 3.02002 827 1,037 3,880 509 6,270 4.3 4.9 3.5 0.8 2.9

1998-2002 average 915 1,230 3,928 491 6,594 4.8 5.4 3.6 0.8 3.1

Total(4) 1994-98 average 3,687 4,153 10,287 1,794 20,975 9.6 7.8 5.0 1.7 5.01992 4,390 4,440 10,408 1,783 21,739 10.1 7.7 5.3 1.7 5.31993 3,738 4,218 9,925 1,770 20,420 8.9 7.4 5.0 1.7 4.91994 3,834 4,261 9,889 1,649 20,843 9.6 7.6 4.9 1.6 4.91995 3,646 4,269 9,694 1,722 20,576 9.5 7.8 4.8 1.7 4.81996 3,661 3,973 9,921 1,786 20,343 9.7 7.4 4.8 1.7 4.81997 3,774 4,230 10,923 1,942 21,785 10.1 8.3 5.3 1.9 5.21998 3,519 4,031 11,006 1,871 21,328 9.3 8.2 5.3 1.8 5.11999 3,139 3,547 10,461 1,819 19,623 8.3 7.6 5.0 1.7 4.72000 2,973 3,129 10,414 1,900 19,273 7.8 7.0 4.9 1.8 4.62001 2,952 2,895 10,136 1,837 18,605 7.6 6.7 4.7 1.7 4.42002 2,883 2,661 10,063 1,878 18,162 7.4 6.4 4.7 1.7 4.3

1998-2002 average 3,093 3,253 10,416 1,861 19,398 8.1 7.2 4.9 1.8 4.6

Male 1994-98 average 2.4 1.8 1.8 3.3 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.9 4.7 2.3to 1992 2.6 2.1 2.3 3.8 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.4 5.5 2.7Female 1993 2.5 2.1 2.0 3.5 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.1 5.1 2.5Ratio 1994 2.4 2.0 2.0 3.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 5.3 2.4

1995 2.6 1.8 1.9 3.4 2.1 2.6 1.9 2.0 4.9 2.41996 2.4 1.8 1.8 3.2 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.9 4.5 2.21997 2.4 1.7 1.8 3.3 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.9 4.6 2.21998 2.4 1.7 1.7 3.1 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.8 4.3 2.11999 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.8 3.9 2.12000 2.5 1.6 1.6 2.7 1.8 2.5 1.7 1.7 3.7 2.02001 2.3 1.6 1.6 2.6 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 3.6 2.02002 2.5 1.6 1.5 2.7 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.6 3.6 2.0

1998-2002 average 2.4 1.6 1.6 2.8 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.7 3.8 2.0

(1) In some cases, a driver's age and/or sex was not known. Such drivers are counted in the table on the basis of whatever details are known - i.e. in the appropriate age-groupsif their ages are known, and in the appropriate sex category if their sex is known. The 'all ages' totals include those whose ages were not traced, and the 'both sexes' totals includethose of unknown sex. The grand totals include those for whom neither the age nor the sex was known, most of whom will be the drivers of cars which were parked at the time of the accident.(2) Including drivers whose age is not known.(3) Excludes drivers under 17 and those where ages and sex are not known.(4) Including drivers whose age is not known.

75

Table 19 Drivers Breath Tested

Motorists involved in accidents with positive or refused breath testYears: 1994-98 average and 2002

Police Force

0 1 2 3 4 5

Percent of motorists involved

Northern

Grampian

Tayside

Fife

Lothian & Borders

Central

Strathclyde

Dumfries & Galloway

Scotland

1994-98 ave

2000

76

Table 19 Drivers Breath Tested

Motorists involved in accidents, breath tested and breath test results, by police forceYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002

Lothian Dumfries Year Northern Grampian Tayside Fife & Central Strathclyde & Scotland

Borders Galloway(a) Numbers

Motorists involved 1994-98 average 1,328 2,329 2,085 1,272 5,344 1,239 11,894 685 26,1761998 1,459 2,214 2,018 1,213 5,644 1,264 12,057 724 26,5931999 1,377 1,941 1,994 1,174 5,137 1,202 11,323 599 24,7472000 1,243 1,959 1,893 1,337 5,231 1,085 11,173 693 24,6142001 1,254 1,859 2,001 1,205 5,089 1,036 10,764 690 23,8982002 1,134 1,828 1,861 1,285 4,834 1,217 10,402 670 23,231

1998-2002 average 1,293 1,960 1,953 1,243 5,187 1,161 11,144 675 24,617

Breath test 1994-98 average 1,017 1,749 1,689 966 3,249 757 7,859 516 17,802requested 1998 1,100 1,623 1,688 915 3,578 738 7,940 553 18,135

1999 1,052 1,433 1,651 884 3,200 684 7,273 457 16,6342000 866 1,433 1,678 933 3,166 581 6,817 503 15,9772001 867 1,306 1,702 844 3,115 542 6,334 489 15,1992002 846 1,251 1,536 892 3,053 559 6,020 471 14,628

1998-2002 average 946 1,409 1,651 894 3,222 621 6,877 495 16,115

Positive/ refused 1994-98 average 62 65 45 26 81 29 238 21 5661998 56 63 50 26 80 25 219 29 5481999 69 54 54 23 75 14 209 14 5122000 50 55 45 21 90 30 208 30 5292001 39 51 33 33 81 29 213 29 5082002 36 58 53 25 80 28 204 22 506

1998-2002 average 50 56 47 26 81 25 211 25 521

(b) Percentages

Breath test 1994-98 average 76.5 75.1 81.0 76.0 60.8 61.1 66.1 75.3 68.0requested as 1998 75.4 73.3 83.6 75.4 63.4 58.4 65.9 76.4 68.2percent of 1999 76.4 73.8 82.8 75.3 62.3 56.9 64.2 76.3 67.2motorists involved 2000 69.7 73.1 88.6 69.8 60.5 53.5 61.0 72.6 64.9

2001 69.1 70.3 85.1 70.0 61.2 52.3 58.8 70.9 63.62002 74.6 68.4 82.5 69.4 63.2 45.9 57.9 70.3 63.0

1998-2002 average 73.2 71.9 84.5 71.9 62.1 53.5 61.7 73.3 65.5

Positive/refused 1994-98 average 4.6 2.8 2.1 2.1 1.5 2.3 2.0 3.1 2.2as percent of 1998 3.8 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.8 4.0 2.1motorists involved 1999 5.0 2.8 2.7 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.1

2000 4.0 2.8 2.4 1.6 1.7 2.8 1.9 4.3 2.12001 3.1 2.7 1.6 2.7 1.6 2.8 2.0 4.2 2.12002 3.2 3.2 2.8 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.0 3.3 2.2

1998-2002 average 3.9 2.9 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.2 1.9 3.7 2.1

Positive/refused 1994-98 average 6.1 3.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 3.8 3.0 4.1 3.2as percent of 1998 5.1 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.2 3.4 2.8 5.2 3.0those where 1999 6.6 3.8 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.9 3.1 3.1breath test 2000 5.8 3.8 2.7 2.3 2.8 5.2 3.1 6.0 3.3requested 2001 4.5 3.9 1.9 3.9 2.6 5.4 3.4 5.9 3.3

2002 4.3 4.6 3.5 2.8 2.6 5.0 3.4 4.7 3.51998-2002 average 5.3 4.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 4.1 3.1 5.0 3.2

77

78

Table 20 Drivers Breath Tested

Motorists involved in accidents, breath tested and breath test results,by day and time, 1998-2002 average

Time Monday- Friday Saturday Sunday Total(1)

Thursday(average per day)

(a) NumbersMotorists involved 00-03 63 83 234 268 838

03-06 42 56 109 114 447 06-09 508 493 186 106 2,816 09-12 548 543 499 283 3,516 12-15 637 796 845 686 4,875 15-18 941 1,180 755 681 6,381 18-21 552 679 542 449 3,878 21-24 241 366 308 228 1,867 Total 3,532 4,197 3,478 2,815 24,617

Breath test requested 00-03 42 58 157 190 574 03-06 27 36 74 74 290 06-09 331 308 129 73 1,835 09-12 350 328 330 184 2,242 12-15 401 506 557 466 3,131 15-18 606 769 496 462 4,153 18-21 366 460 369 312 2,605 21-24 166 256 206 159 1,285 Total 2,288 2,721 2,319 1,921 16,115

Positive/refused 00-03 10 14 37 40 13103-06 4 8 21 24 6906-09 2 5 9 7 2909-12 2 4 6 5 2412-15 3 4 7 4 2615-18 7 10 11 9 5818-21 9 16 19 14 8421-24 10 22 24 15 100Total 46 83 134 119 521

(b) PercentagesBreath test requested 00-03 67.0 70.2 67.0 70.8 68.5as a percentage of 03-06 63.2 63.3 68.1 64.9 64.9motorists involved 06-09 65.2 62.5 69.5 69.5 65.1

09-12 63.9 60.3 66.2 65.2 63.812-15 62.9 63.5 65.9 67.9 64.215-18 64.4 65.2 65.7 67.9 65.118-21 66.3 67.8 68.0 69.4 67.221-24 68.8 70.1 67.1 69.4 68.8Total 64.8 64.8 66.7 68.2 65.5

Positive/refused 00-03 15.8 16.9 15.8 14.9 15.6as a percentage of 03-06 9.2 14.2 19.6 21.4 15.5motorists involved 06-09 0.4 1.0 4.7 6.4 1.0

09-12 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.7 0.712-15 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.515-18 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.918-21 1.6 2.3 3.6 3.1 2.221-24 4.1 6.1 7.7 6.7 5.4Total 1.3 2.0 3.9 4.2 2.1

Positive/refused as a 00-03 23.5 24.1 23.6 21.0 22.8percentage of those where 03-06 14.5 22.5 28.8 33.0 23.9breath test requested 06-09 0.6 1.6 6.8 9.3 1.6

09-12 0.7 1.2 1.8 2.6 1.112-15 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.815-18 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.418-21 2.4 3.4 5.3 4.5 3.221-24 5.9 8.7 11.4 9.6 7.8Total 2.0 3.0 5.8 6.2 3.2

(1) Includes four times the daily average for Monday - Thursday.

79

Table 21 Drivers Breath Tested

Motorists involved in accidents with positive or refused breath testYears: 1992 to 2002

(a) Late afternoon/evening to night time (3pm-3am)

0

50

100

150

200

250

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Midnight-3am3pm-6pm6pm-9pm9pm-Midnight

(b) Early morning to early afternoon (3am-3pm)

0

50

100

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

3am-6am6am-9am9am-MiddayMidday-3pm

80

Table 21 Drivers Breath Tested

Motorists involved in accidents and breath tested, by time of dayYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002Motorists breath test results, by time of day, 1998 to 2002

Time of day

Year

00.00 to

02.59

03.00to

05.59

06.00to

08.59

09.00to

11.59

12.00to

14.59

15.00to

17.59

18.00to

20.59

21.00to

23.59 Total(a) NumbersMotorists involved 1994-98 average 961 398 2,943 3,619 5,096 6,794 4,296 2,068 26,176

1998 842 444 3,143 3,660 5,350 6,958 4,167 2,029 26,5931999 819 486 2,904 3,609 4,807 6,258 4,021 1,843 24,7472000 875 409 2,717 3,632 4,901 6,340 3,932 1,808 24,6142001 837 445 2,847 3,335 4,706 6,232 3,683 1,813 23,8982002 815 451 2,469 3,343 4,609 6,117 3,585 1,842 23,231

1998-2002 average 838 447 2,816 3,516 4,875 6,381 3,878 1,867 24,617Breath tests requested 1994-98 average 680 264 1,901 2,417 3,406 4,601 3,056 1,478 17,802

1998 611 306 2,064 2,466 3,607 4,665 2,940 1,476 18,1351999 569 341 1,970 2,393 3,142 4,185 2,759 1,275 16,6342000 587 247 1,762 2,270 3,094 4,174 2,611 1,232 15,9772001 550 271 1,847 2,059 2,962 3,872 2,394 1,244 15,1992002 553 285 1,530 2,021 2,848 3,871 2,321 1,199 14,628

1998-2002 average 574 290 1,835 2,242 3,131 4,153 2,605 1,285 16,115

Positive/refused 1994-98 average 149 54 32 20 27 63 99 122 5661992 190 61 26 16 25 56 110 149 6331993 186 44 18 18 44 61 104 140 6151994 162 40 23 18 24 79 102 116 5641995 150 50 26 26 24 57 117 127 5771996 160 49 31 11 19 66 89 131 5561997 146 62 39 23 37 57 101 122 5871998 128 69 40 24 30 57 87 113 5481999 128 68 24 32 28 50 82 100 5122000 135 66 27 19 26 62 88 106 5292001 133 68 33 22 18 64 71 99 5082002 129 75 21 23 28 55 92 83 506

1998-2002 average 131 69 29 24 26 58 84 100 521(b) PercentagesBreath test requested 1994-98 average 70.7 66.3 64.6 66.8 66.8 67.7 71.1 71.4 68.0as percent of motorists 1998 72.6 68.9 65.7 67.4 67.4 67.0 70.6 72.7 68.2involved 1999 69.5 70.2 67.8 66.3 65.4 66.9 68.6 69.2 67.2

2000 67.1 60.4 64.9 62.5 63.1 65.8 66.4 68.1 64.92001 65.7 60.9 64.9 61.7 62.9 62.1 65.0 68.6 63.62002 67.9 63.2 62.0 60.5 61.8 63.3 64.7 65.1 63.0

1998-2002 average 68.5 64.9 65.1 63.8 64.2 65.1 67.2 68.8 65.5Positive/refused as 1994-98 average 15.5 13.6 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.9 2.3 5.9 2.2percent of motorists 1998 15.2 15.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.1 5.6 2.1involved 1999 15.6 14.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 2.0 5.4 2.1

2000 15.4 16.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.2 5.9 2.12001 15.9 15.3 1.2 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.9 5.5 2.12002 15.8 16.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.6 4.5 2.2

1998-2002 average 15.6 15.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 2.2 5.4 2.1

Positive/refused as 1994-98 average 22.0 20.4 1.7 0.8 0.8 1.4 3.2 8.2 3.2percent of those where 1998 20.9 22.5 1.9 1.0 0.8 1.2 3.0 7.7 3.0breath test requested 1999 22.5 19.9 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.2 3.0 7.8 3.1

2000 23.0 26.7 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.5 3.4 8.6 3.32001 24.2 25.1 1.8 1.1 0.6 1.7 3.0 8.0 3.32002 23.3 26.3 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 4.0 6.9 3.5

1998-2002 average 22.8 23.9 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.4 3.2 7.8 3.2

81

Table 22 Drink-drive accidents and casualties

(a) Accidents which involved motor vehicle drivers or riders with illegal alcohol levelsYears: 1991 to 2001

(b) Casualties in accidents which involved motor vehicle drivers or riders with illegal alcohol levelsYears: 1991 to 2001

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

All severities

Slight

Serious

Fatal

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Serious

Killed

All severities

Slight

82

Drink-drive accidents and casualties Drink-drive estimates: background

1. Each year, the Department for Transport, estimates the numbers of injury road accidents involving illegal alcohol levels (i.e. above the current drink-drive limit of 80 milligrams (mg) of alcohol per 100 millilitres (ml) of blood). DfT publishes its estimates for Great Britain as a whole in an article in its “Road Casualties Great Britain” statistical volume (which was formerly called “Road Accidents Great Britain”). Although that article does not provide separate figures for Scotland (or for other parts of Great Britain), DfT produces them as part of its calculations, and these appear in the table below. Because of the uncertainty involved, each estimate is rounded to the nearest ten. The totals, and the annual averages for the five-year periods, have been calculated from the unrounded estimates, and then rounded to the nearest ten.

2. The basis of the estimates is described in the DfT publication. Briefly, they use information from the Road Accidents statistical returns about the numbers of injury road accidents in which one (or more) motor vehicle drivers or riders refused to give a breath test specimen or failed the breath test (by registering over 35 micrograms per 100 millilitres of breath) and information from Procurators Fiscal (and Coroners in England and Wales) about the blood alcohol levels of road users who died within 12 hours of being injured in a road accident. These two sets of information must be used because, for example, some drivers are too seriously injured to be breath tested. The calculations are intended to produce estimates which include allowances for the numbers of cases (e.g.) where drivers or riders were not breath tested because they left the scene of the accident, or where their blood alcohol levels were not reported, for example because they died more than 12 hours after the accident.

3. Estimates for 2002 are not yet available because of the timing of the provision of the results of the blood alcohol tests to DfT.

4. There are no estimates for Scotland of the number of alcohol-related injury road accidents which involve legalalcohol levels (i.e. alcohol levels up to the current drink-drive limit of 80mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood), nor are there any estimates for Scotland of the numbers of non-injury (“damage only”) road accidents involving illegal alcohol levels.

5. The figures given here differ from the numbers of drivers with positive (or refused) breath tests. While the Police aim to breath test all drivers involved in an accident, wherever possible, they cannot do so in some cases (for example, hit and run drivers, or where they cannot administer a breath test due to the nature of the injury). In recent years, around two-thirds of motorists involved in injury road accidents in Scotland have been breath tested.

Table 22

Accidents which involved motor vehicle drivers or riders with illegal alcohol levels(1), by severity of accident; and casualties in such accidents, by severityYears: 1991 to 2001, 1994-98 average and 1997-2001 averageEstimated numbers, adjusted for under-reporting(2)

Number of accidents Number of casualties Fatal Serious Slight Total Killed Serious Slight Total

1994-98 average 50 210 520 770 50 290 830 1,1701991 60 270 650 990 80 400 1,040 1,5101992 40 240 580 860 60 310 860 1,2301993 50 190 600 840 60 280 940 1,2801994 60 260 470 790 80 340 760 1,1701995 40 210 530 790 50 310 850 1,2101996 30 200 520 750 50 280 840 1,1701997 40 200 550 790 40 290 890 1,2201998 50 170 520 740 50 250 790 1,0901999 50 190 520 750 60 250 800 1,1102000 40 190 550 780 40 240 860 1,1502001 60 180 560 800 70 250 870 1,190

1997-2001 average 50 190 540 770 50 260 840 1,150(1) above the current drink-drive limit of 80mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood. (2) see the explanatory note 2 above.

83

Table 23 Casualties

Casualties: Pedestrians, car users and other road users, on built-up and non built-up roadsSeparate charts for each severityYears: 1992 to 2002

(a) Killed

0

100

200

300

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Pedestrians

0

100

200

300

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Car Users

0

100

200

300

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Built-up

Non Built-up

Total

Other road users

(b) Killed and Serious

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Pedestrians

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Car Users

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Built-up

Non built-up

Total

Other road users

(c) All Severities

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Pedestrians

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Car Users

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Built-up

Non built-up

Total

Other road users

84

Table 23 Casualties

Casualties by mode of transport and severity Separately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002Mode of Year Built-up Non built-up Totaltransport Killed & All Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

(a) NumbersPedestrian 1994-98 average 72 1,256 4,165 32 120 219 104 1,376 4,385

1992 121 1,592 5,067 40 152 283 161 1,744 5,350 1993 90 1,309 4,462 37 141 254 127 1,450 4,716 1994 78 1,503 4,483 33 144 247 111 1,647 4,730 1995 83 1,442 4,392 38 145 243 121 1,587 4,635 1996 72 1,156 4,106 34 123 220 106 1,279 4,326 1997 57 1,109 3,962 30 102 193 87 1,211 4,155 1998 71 1,068 3,883 25 88 194 96 1,156 4,077 1999 61 1,030 3,571 28 113 192 89 1,143 3,763 2000 49 910 3,434 23 86 168 72 996 3,602 2001 51 834 3,247 25 83 159 76 917 3,406 2002 49 808 3,136 24 78 173 73 886 3,309 1998-2002 average 56 930 3,454 25 90 177 81 1,020 3,631

Pedal cycle 1994-98 average 4 196 1,130 6 53 153 11 249 1,283 1992 5 165 1,121 7 57 172 12 222 1,293 1993 9 161 1,019 9 71 173 18 232 1,192 1994 3 248 1,219 2 68 165 5 316 1,384 1995 4 223 1,150 7 69 173 11 292 1,323 1996 4 171 1,156 11 45 141 15 216 1,297 1997 4 168 1,117 5 42 155 9 210 1,272 1998 7 169 1,009 6 41 131 13 210 1,140 1999 5 163 916 3 26 101 8 189 1,017 2000 6 138 788 6 38 94 12 176 882 2001 4 127 792 6 44 124 10 171 916 2002 - 123 727 8 27 101 8 150 828 1998-2002 average 4 144 846 6 35 110 10 179 957

Motor cycle(1) 1994-98 average 5 148 509 26 207 426 31 355 935 1992 6 232 750 32 259 487 38 491 1,237 1993 6 178 645 27 222 460 33 400 1,105 1994 5 178 569 19 175 361 24 353 930 1995 6 179 530 27 216 441 33 395 971 1996 6 120 477 23 180 373 29 300 850 1997 3 130 493 34 228 455 37 358 948 1998 6 133 475 27 238 501 33 371 976 1999 5 161 518 25 270 507 30 431 1,025 2000 7 187 585 32 287 543 39 474 1,128 2001 7 160 612 42 294 565 49 454 1,177 2002 8 183 629 38 274 535 46 457 1,164 1998-2002 average 7 165 564 33 273 530 39 437 1,094

Car 1994-98 average 28 718 6,236 181 1,783 7,125 209 2,501 13,360 1992 30 784 6,207 191 1,965 7,348 221 2,749 13,555 1993 20 657 5,697 178 1,731 7,202 198 2,388 12,899 1994 18 858 6,095 179 1,946 6,832 197 2,804 12,927 1995 31 818 6,108 190 1,835 6,866 221 2,653 12,974 1996 32 621 6,015 153 1,672 7,018 185 2,293 13,033 1997 22 632 6,521 197 1,733 7,513 219 2,365 14,034 1998 36 663 6,440 187 1,727 7,394 223 2,390 13,834 1999 27 576 6,053 142 1,428 6,853 169 2,004 12,906 2000 31 522 5,971 152 1,457 6,680 183 1,979 12,651 2001 32 538 5,727 162 1,412 6,561 194 1,950 12,288 2002 14 495 5,542 141 1,280 6,280 155 1,775 11,822 1998-2002 average 28 559 5,947 157 1,461 6,754 185 2,020 12,700

85

Table 23 (continued) Casualties

Casualties: selected other road user categoriesSeparate charts for each severityYears: 1992 to 2002

(a) Killed

0

25

50

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Motor cycle

Light goods

Pedal cycle

Bus/coach

(b) Killed and Serious

0

250

500

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Motor cycleLight goodsPedal cycleBus/coach

(c) All Severities

0

500

1000

1500

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Motor cycleLight goodsPedal cycleBus/coach

86

Table 23 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by mode of transport and severity Separately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002Mode of Year Built-up Non built-up Totaltransport Killed & All Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Taxi 1994-98 average 1 25 261 1 10 38 2 34 2991992 - 15 173 - 3 9 - 18 1821993 - 14 188 - 3 28 - 17 2161994 - 20 201 1 9 19 1 29 2201995 - 29 243 1 11 43 1 40 2861996 1 25 266 1 8 41 2 33 3071997 3 21 269 3 14 53 6 35 3221998 - 29 328 - 6 32 - 35 3601999 - 21 278 1 12 44 1 33 3222000 1 21 279 1 4 51 2 25 3302001 1 15 254 - 8 53 1 23 3072002 1 17 215 - 2 33 1 19 2481998-2002 average 1 21 271 0 6 43 1 27 313

Minibus(2) 1994-98 average 0 5 46 1 22 110 2 27 1561992 - 3 51 - 37 186 - 40 2371993 2 8 61 1 27 124 3 35 1851994 - 6 33 1 19 97 1 25 1301995 1 7 42 1 17 132 2 24 1741996 - 4 40 1 14 94 1 18 1341997 - 5 61 - 31 118 - 36 1791998 1 3 52 4 27 110 5 30 1621999 - 6 43 1 19 86 1 25 1292000 1 7 43 1 7 76 2 14 1192001 - 7 37 4 14 57 4 21 942002 - 2 37 - 9 77 - 11 1141998-2002 average 0 5 42 2 15 81 2 20 124

Bus/coach 1994-98 average 2 75 835 1 21 174 3 96 1,0091992 1 99 981 3 16 153 4 115 1,1341993 3 76 950 2 31 128 5 107 1,0781994 6 125 1,048 3 25 186 9 150 1,2341995 1 80 761 - 25 146 1 105 9071996 3 72 792 - 24 206 3 96 9981997 - 42 749 2 13 192 2 55 9411998 1 57 824 - 19 139 1 76 9631999 1 66 726 - 17 198 1 83 9242000 1 68 810 - 12 124 1 80 9342001 - 51 707 - 11 116 - 62 8232002 - 53 782 - 6 77 - 59 8591998-2002 average 1 59 770 0 13 131 1 72 901

Light goods 1994-98 average 1 27 180 8 84 335 9 111 5141992 3 43 294 12 110 451 15 153 7451993 2 30 219 4 94 410 6 124 6291994 - 32 192 10 108 401 10 140 5931995 1 41 180 12 90 334 13 131 5141996 - 18 150 5 65 282 5 83 4321997 - 20 167 11 70 306 11 90 4731998 4 25 209 4 85 351 8 110 5601999 - 19 162 6 67 310 6 86 4722000 1 11 143 7 55 244 8 66 3872001 - 9 147 8 58 265 8 67 4122002 2 15 138 9 65 252 11 80 3901998-2002 average 1 16 160 7 66 284 8 82 444

87

Table 23 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by mode of transport and severity Separately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002Mode of Year Built-up Non built-up Totaltransport Killed & All Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Heavy goods 1994-98 average 1 13 59 5 48 181 6 61 240 1992 - 16 76 6 63 258 6 79 334 1993 1 18 67 5 58 213 6 76 280 1994 1 10 59 3 61 228 4 71 287 1995 1 22 73 5 58 203 6 80 276 1996 2 12 59 7 42 145 9 54 204 1997 1 9 45 4 37 143 5 46 188 1998 - 12 60 5 41 186 5 53 246 1999 2 13 84 3 45 197 5 58 281 2000 - 11 87 7 44 188 7 55 275 2001 1 11 82 5 51 231 6 62 313 2002 - 9 115 10 52 254 10 61 369 1998-2002 average 1 11 86 6 47 211 7 58 297

Other(2) 1994-98 average - 11 61 1 17 74 1 28 135 1992 1 8 50 5 20 56 6 28 106 1993 1 8 48 2 16 67 3 24 115 1994 - 16 73 1 20 65 1 36 138 1995 - 15 63 - 17 71 - 32 134 1996 - 6 49 2 20 86 2 26 135 1997 - 8 54 1 10 63 1 18 117 1998 - 9 65 1 17 84 1 26 149 1999 - 10 75 - 13 89 - 23 164 2000 - 8 98 - 20 102 - 28 200 2001 - 10 87 - 18 83 - 28 170 2002 - 5 73 1 15 72 1 20 145 1998-2002 average 0 8 80 0 17 86 0 25 166

Total 1994-98 average 115 2,474 13,481 263 2,364 8,834 378 4,838 22,316 1992 167 2,957 14,770 296 2,682 9,403 463 5,639 24,173 1993 134 2,459 13,356 265 2,394 9,059 399 4,853 22,415 1994 111 2,996 13,972 252 2,575 8,601 363 5,571 22,573 1995 128 2,856 13,542 281 2,483 8,652 409 5,339 22,194 1996 120 2,205 13,110 237 2,193 8,606 357 4,398 21,716 1997 90 2,144 13,438 287 2,280 9,191 377 4,424 22,629 1998 126 2,168 13,345 259 2,289 9,122 385 4,457 22,467 1999 101 2,065 12,426 209 2,010 8,577 310 4,075 21,003 2000 97 1,883 12,238 229 2,010 8,270 326 3,893 20,508 2001 96 1,762 11,692 252 1,993 8,214 348 3,755 19,906 2002 74 1,710 11,394 231 1,808 7,854 305 3,518 19,248 1998-2002 average 99 1,918 12,219 236 2,022 8,407 335 3,940 20,626

(1) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(2) Comparisons of the figures for 1999 and earlier years are affected by a change in the way in which motor caravans are counted: for years up to 1998 they are included under 'minibus'; from 1999 they were counted in 'other' (see Annex C).

88

Table 23 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by mode of transport and severity Separately for built-up and non built-up roadsYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1992 to 2002Mode of Built-up Non built-up TotalTransport Killed & All Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

(b) Change in numbers: 2002 on 2001

Pedestrian -2 -26 -111 -1 -5 14 -3 -31 -97Pedal cycle -4 -4 -65 2 -17 -23 -2 -21 -88Motor cycle(1) 1 23 17 -4 -20 -30 -3 3 -13Car -18 -43 -185 -21 -132 -281 -39 -175 -466Taxi - 2 -39 - -6 -20 - -4 -59Minibus(2) - -5 - -4 -5 20 -4 -10 20Bus/coach - 2 75 - -5 -39 - -3 36Light goods 2 6 -9 1 7 -13 3 13 -22Heavy goods -1 -2 33 5 1 23 4 -1 56Other(2) - -5 -14 1 -3 -11 1 -8 -25Total -22 -52 -298 -21 -185 -360 -43 -237 -658

(c) Per cent changes:2002 on 2001

Pedestrian -4 -3 -3 -4 -6 9 -4 -3 -3Pedal cycle -100 -3 -8 33 -39 -19 -20 -12 -10Motor cycle(1) 14 14 3 -10 -7 -5 -6 1 -1Car -56 -8 -3 -13 -9 -4 -20 -9 -4Taxi - 13 -15 n/a -75 -38 - -17 -19Minibus(2) n/a -71 - -100 -36 35 -100 -48 21Bus/coach n/a 4 11 n/a -45 -34 n/a -5 4Light goods n/a 67 -6 13 12 -5 38 19 -5Heavy goods -100 -18 40 100 2 10 67 -2 18Other(2) n/a -50 -16 n/a -17 -13 n/a -29 -15Total -23 -3 -3 -8 -9 -4 -12 -6 -3

2002 on 1994-98 averagePedestrian -32 -36 -25 -25 -35 -21 -30 -36 -25Pedal cycle -100 -37 -36 29 -49 -34 -25 -40 -35Motor cycle(1) 54 24 24 46 32 26 47 29 24Car -50 -31 -11 -22 -28 -12 -26 -29 -12Taxi 25 -31 -18 -100 -79 -12 -50 -45 -17Minibus(2) -100 -60 -19 -100 -58 -30 -100 -59 -27Bus/coach -100 -30 -6 -100 -72 -56 -100 -39 -15Light goods 100 -45 -23 7 -22 -25 17 -28 -24Heavy goods -100 -31 94 108 9 40 72 0 54Other(2) n/a -54 20 - -11 -2 - -28 8Total -36 -31 -15 -12 -24 -11 -19 -27 -14(1) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(2) Comparisons of the figures for 1999 and earlier years are affected by a change in the way in which motor caravans are counted: for years up to 1998 they are included under 'minibus'; from 1999 they were counted in 'other' (see Annex C).

89

Table 24 Casualties

Casualties by mode of transport, age-group, severity and sexYears:1994-98 average, 2002

1994-98 average 2002Killed & All severities Killed & All severities

Mode of Transport Age Killed Serious Male Female All(1) Killed Serious Male Female All(1)

Pedestrian 0-4 4 83 167 96 262 3 41 92 45 1395-7 3 131 319 143 462 2 56 164 72 2368-11 5 167 384 211 595 1 108 293 148 44112-15 5 181 355 264 619 6 133 290 188 47816-19 7 86 193 121 313 6 66 183 106 29020-24 5 79 195 114 309 5 57 185 100 28625-29 6 65 170 84 254 5 35 110 50 16030-39 7 106 257 121 378 12 81 239 113 35240-49 6 88 179 98 277 1 70 162 100 26250-59 10 92 147 97 243 7 52 121 78 19960-69 11 94 132 118 250 5 50 80 71 15170-79 18 120 103 150 253 10 81 79 92 17180+ 19 83 68 101 168 10 56 41 87 128All ages(2) 104 1,376 2,668 1,717 4,385 73 886 2,045 1,256 3,309Child 0-15 17 562 1,225 714 1,938 12 338 839 453 1,294Adult 16+ 88 814 1,443 1,003 2,446 61 548 1,200 797 1,999

Pedal cycle 0-4 - 2 11 2 14 - - 2 - 25-7 1 21 93 20 114 - 10 36 11 478-11 1 36 161 42 202 - 23 88 22 11112-15 1 41 180 27 207 - 13 104 13 11716-19 1 19 89 20 108 - 8 39 5 4420-24 1 21 105 30 135 1 12 52 16 6825-29 1 21 100 24 124 - 16 65 9 7430-39 2 35 159 27 187 2 24 136 29 16640-49 1 24 83 16 98 1 22 94 18 11250-59 1 16 42 12 54 1 10 34 18 5260-69 1 8 22 4 26 2 8 20 3 2370-79 1 4 11 1 11 1 4 6 3 980+ - 1 2 - 3 - - - - -All ages(2) 11 249 1,058 225 1,283 8 150 679 147 828Child 0-15 3 100 445 91 537 - 46 230 46 277Adult 16+ 7 149 612 134 747 8 104 446 101 548

Motor cycle(3) 0-4 - - - - - - - - 1 15-7 - - 1 - 1 - - - - -8-11 - 1 2 2 4 - 2 3 - 312-15 - 4 10 2 13 - 5 13 4 1716-19 2 37 105 12 118 1 43 136 21 15720-24 6 57 134 26 160 6 46 114 21 13525-29 9 84 178 29 207 10 57 121 20 14130-39 9 102 239 29 268 15 171 344 37 38140-49 3 46 96 13 108 9 88 184 24 20850-59 1 16 30 6 36 2 34 77 16 9360-69 - 6 12 2 14 2 9 19 3 2270-79 - 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 - 380+ - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 - 1All ages(2) 31 355 813 122 935 46 457 1,016 147 1,164Child 0-15 - 6 13 5 18 - 7 16 5 21Adult 16+ 31 350 800 117 917 46 450 999 142 1,141

Car/taxi driver 0-4 - - - - - - - - - -5-7 - - - - - - 1 - 1 18-11 - - - - - - - - - -12-15 - 6 13 - 13 - 2 9 1 1016-19 16 180 595 266 861 13 111 495 210 70520-24 19 243 777 543 1,320 13 163 638 448 1,08625-29 17 208 689 532 1,222 13 130 472 384 85630-39 27 310 1,051 871 1,923 17 233 1,007 909 1,91640-49 18 227 686 535 1,220 11 182 714 645 1,35950-59 12 149 432 307 739 13 124 460 389 84960-69 11 97 290 126 416 11 82 276 165 44170-79 9 67 162 75 236 6 63 171 89 26080+ 5 29 57 22 78 6 34 69 34 103All ages(2) 134 1,516 4,752 3,278 8,030 103 1,125 4,314 3,277 7,591Child 0-15 - 6 13 - 14 - 3 9 2 11Adult 16+ 134 1,511 4,739 3,277 8,016 103 1,122 4,302 3,273 7,575

(1) Includes those whose sex was 'not known'.(2) Includes those whose age was 'not known'.(3) Motorcycles includes all two wheeled motor vehicles.

90

Table 24 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by mode of transport, age-group, severity and sexYears:1994-98 average, 2002

1994-98 average 2002Killed & All severities Killed & All severities

Mode of Transport Age Killed Serious Male Female All(1) Killed Serious Male Female All(1)

Car/taxi passenger 0-4 2 26 117 125 242 1 22 98 83 181 5-7 1 19 95 94 189 - 15 99 79 178 8-11 2 29 128 153 280 - 27 137 133 270 12-15 3 66 167 216 383 1 45 127 173 300 16-19 14 213 538 472 1,010 11 120 404 386 790 20-24 12 149 368 405 773 10 87 269 289 558 25-29 7 95 219 319 538 4 47 154 175 329 30-39 7 115 265 429 694 2 65 201 326 527 40-49 6 77 150 337 487 5 58 138 273 411 50-59 5 74 99 313 412 4 70 86 288 374 60-69 9 72 65 254 319 4 46 53 196 249 70-79 7 59 38 180 218 6 46 44 176 220 80+ 4 24 18 66 84 5 19 13 74 87 All ages(2) 77 1,019 2,267 3,363 5,630 53 669 1,826 2,653 4,479 Child 0-15 8 140 507 588 1,095 2 109 461 468 929 Adult 16+ 69 879 1,760 2,775 4,535 51 558 1,362 2,183 3,545

Bus/coach/minibus 0-4 - 2 23 28 51 - - 15 12 27 5-7 - 1 13 15 28 - 1 10 8 18 8-11 1 6 21 27 47 - 6 29 31 60 12-15 1 8 38 43 81 - 8 30 48 78 16-19 - 4 22 28 50 - 2 14 18 32 20-24 - 4 24 36 60 - 3 19 23 42 25-29 1 8 41 37 78 - 2 23 22 45 30-39 - 15 69 77 146 - 4 60 56 116 40-49 1 10 50 59 109 - 2 49 58 107 50-59 - 12 36 82 118 - 7 47 76 123 60-69 1 19 40 124 164 - 11 37 77 114 70-79 1 20 34 122 156 - 9 28 90 118 80+ - 15 12 65 77 - 15 19 56 76 All ages(2) 5 123 423 741 1,164 - 70 385 586 973 Child 0-15 1 17 95 112 207 - 15 84 99 183 Adult 16+ 4 106 328 629 958 - 55 296 476 773

Goods vehicles 0-4 - 1 3 1 4 - 2 3 1 4 5-7 - 1 3 1 4 - 2 2 - 2 8-11 - 2 6 3 9 - 2 5 4 9 12-15 - 4 10 3 13 - 1 4 2 6 16-19 1 8 38 8 46 1 4 22 7 29 20-24 1 20 84 12 96 - 7 48 10 58 25-29 2 26 117 10 127 1 14 76 10 86 30-39 3 46 193 14 207 6 35 234 11 245 40-49 3 31 121 8 129 5 47 168 12 180 50-59 2 24 83 6 88 4 17 97 6 103 60-69 1 8 25 2 28 4 10 29 4 33 70-79 - 2 3 1 4 - - 1 1 2 80+ - - - - 1 - - - - - All ages(2) 15 172 686 69 755 21 141 690 69 759 Child 0-15 - 8 22 8 30 - 7 14 7 21 Adult 16+ 15 163 664 61 725 21 134 675 61 736

All users(4) 0-4 6 114 321 254 575 4 65 210 142 354 5-7 5 174 527 273 800 2 85 311 172 483 8-11 9 242 704 439 1,143 1 168 558 338 897 12-15 11 312 778 557 1,334 7 207 580 431 1,011 16-19 41 549 1,588 930 2,517 32 356 1,301 755 2,057 20-24 44 576 1,699 1,170 2,869 35 376 1,335 913 2,249 25-29 42 510 1,530 1,038 2,568 33 304 1,035 673 1,708 30-39 55 735 2,259 1,576 3,835 55 616 2,248 1,490 3,739 40-49 38 506 1,380 1,066 2,446 32 475 1,533 1,132 2,665 50-59 30 387 878 826 1,704 31 316 941 874 1,815 60-69 33 307 594 631 1,225 28 218 519 520 1,039 70-79 36 274 355 530 885 24 204 334 451 785 80+ 28 152 159 255 413 21 126 144 251 396 All ages(2) 378 4,838 12,772 9,544 22,316 305 3,518 11,071 8,164 19,248 Child 0-15 30 842 2,330 1,522 3,852 14 525 1,659 1,083 2,745 Adult 16+ 348 3,995 10,442 8,023 18,464 291 2,991 9,390 7,059 16,453

(1) Includes those whose sex was 'not known'.(2) Includes those whose age was 'not known'.(3) Motorcycles includes all two wheeled motor vehicles.(4) Includes other types of road user not shown separately

91

Table 25 Casualties

Child and adult killed and seriously injured casualties by mode of transportYears: 1998 to 2002

(a) Child killed and seriously injured casualties

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Pedestrian

Pedal Cycle

Cars

All modes

Other

(b) Adult killed and seriously injured casualties

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Pedestrian

Pedal Cycle

Cars

All Modes

Other

92

Table 25 Casualties

Child and adult pedestrian, pedal cycle, car and other casualties(1) by severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002

Mode of Child(2) Adulttransport Year Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

(a) Numbers

Pedestrian 1994-98 average 17 562 1,938 88 814 2,4461998 18 455 1,762 78 701 2,3151999 17 430 1,617 72 713 2,1232000 13 378 1,486 59 617 2,0862001 14 353 1,475 62 564 1,9132002 12 338 1,294 61 548 1,9991998-2002 average 15 391 1,527 66 629 2,087

Pedal cycle 1994-98 average 3 100 537 7 149 7471998 3 64 415 10 146 7251999 1 69 374 7 120 6422000 4 65 330 8 111 5472001 4 56 307 6 115 6002002 - 46 277 8 104 5481998-2002 average 2 60 341 8 119 612

Car 1994-98 average 8 145 1,094 201 2,356 12,2671998 9 153 1,117 214 2,237 12,7171999 6 108 981 163 1,895 11,9172000 4 94 965 179 1,881 11,6662001 2 109 947 192 1,840 11,3272002 2 111 928 153 1,662 10,8841998-2002 average 5 115 988 180 1,903 11,702

Other(3) 1994-98 average 2 36 283 52 676 3,0051998 2 26 241 51 675 3,1751999 1 18 224 43 721 3,0812000 - 24 219 59 717 3,1282001 - 25 191 68 692 3,0772002 - 30 246 69 677 3,0221998-2002 average 1 25 224 58 696 3,097

All road users 1994-98 average 30 842 3,852 348 3,995 18,4641998 32 698 3,535 353 3,759 18,9321999 25 625 3,196 285 3,449 17,7632000 21 561 3,000 305 3,326 17,4272001 20 543 2,920 328 3,211 16,9172002 14 525 2,745 291 2,991 16,4531998-2002 average 22 590 3,079 312 3,347 17,498

(b) Percent changes:

2002 on 2001Pedestrian -14 -4 -12 -2 -3 4Pedal cycle -100 -18 -10 33 -10 -9Car 0 2 -2 -20 -10 -4Other - 20 29 1 -2 -2All road users -30 -3 -6 -11 -7 -3

2002 on 1994-98 averagePedestrian -28 -40 -33 -30 -33 -18Pedal cycle -100 -54 -48 11 -30 -27Car -76 -23 -15 -24 -29 -11Other -100 -16 -13 32 0 1All road users -54 -38 -29 -16 -25 -11

(1) This table does not include any casualties whose ages were unknown.(2) Child 0-15 years.(3) Other includes all road users excluding pedestrians, pedal cyclists and car users.

93

Table 26 Casualties

Casualties by mode of motor transport, casualty class and severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002

Driver or RiderMode of Transport Year Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

(a) NumbersMotor cycle(1) 1994-98 average 27 319 832 4 36 103

1998 29 336 878 4 35 981999 29 391 932 1 40 932000 37 447 1,055 2 27 732001 48 424 1,085 1 30 922002 46 422 1,076 - 35 881998-2002 average 38 404 1,005 2 33 89

Car 1994-98 average 132 1,501 7,918 77 1,000 5,4431998 138 1,403 8,394 85 987 5,4401999 118 1,272 7,866 51 732 5,0402000 128 1,244 7,830 55 735 4,8212001 131 1,194 7,612 63 756 4,6762002 103 1,117 7,477 52 658 4,3451998-2002 average 124 1,246 7,836 61 774 4,864

Taxi 1994-98 average 1 15 112 1 19 1871998 - 19 137 - 16 2231999 1 16 123 - 17 1992000 2 8 132 - 17 1982001 - 10 129 1 13 1782002 - 8 114 1 11 1341998-2002 average 1 12 127 0 15 186

Minibus(2) 1994-98 average 1 8 39 1 19 1171998 2 11 47 3 19 1151999 - 8 36 1 17 932000 - 2 33 2 12 862001 1 4 23 3 17 712002 - - 28 - 11 861998-2002 average 1 5 33 2 15 90

Bus/Coach 1994-98 average 0 8 73 3 88 9361998 - 9 88 1 67 8751999 - 8 54 1 75 8702000 - 4 58 1 76 8762001 - 3 68 - 59 7552002 - 3 76 - 56 7831998-2002 average - 5 69 1 67 832

Passenger Vehicle/pillion

94

Table 26 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by mode of motor transport, casualty class and severity - continuedYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002

Driver or RiderMode of Transport Year Killed & All Killed & All

Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Light goods 1994-98 average 6 75 347 3 36 168 1998 3 64 379 5 46 181 1999 4 64 322 2 22 150 2000 6 42 278 2 24 109 2001 4 41 297 4 26 115 2002 7 56 277 4 24 113 1998-2002 average 5 53 311 3 28 134

Heavy goods 1994-98 average 5 51 195 1 10 45 1998 3 43 201 2 10 45 1999 5 50 233 - 8 48 2000 7 45 221 - 10 54 2001 6 51 252 - 11 61 2002 9 48 288 1 13 81 1998-2002 average 6 47 239 1 10 58

Other(2) 1994-98 average 1 17 86 - 11 49 1998 1 18 107 - 8 42 1999 - 14 107 - 9 57 2000 - 18 127 - 10 73 2001 - 21 106 - 7 64 2002 - 15 96 1 5 49 1998-2002 average 0 17 109 0 8 57

All modes of 1994-98 average 174 1,994 9,601 89 1,219 7,047 motor transport 1998 176 1,903 10,231 100 1,188 7,019

1999 157 1,823 9,673 56 920 6,550 2000 180 1,810 9,734 62 911 6,290 2001 190 1,748 9,572 72 919 6,012 2002 165 1,669 9,432 59 813 5,679 1998-2002 average 174 1,791 9,728 70 950 6,310

(b) Percent changes:2002 on 1994-98 average

Motor cycle 68 32 29 -100 -3 -14Car -22 -26 -6 -32 -34 -20Taxi -100 -47 2 25 -43 -28Minibus(2) -100 -100 -28 -100 -42 -26Bus/Coach -100 -63 5 -100 -37 -16Light goods 9 -25 -20 33 -33 -33Heavy goods 96 -6 47 -17 33 81Other(2) -100 -10 12 - -55 -All modes -5 -16 -2 -34 -33 -19

(1) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(2) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.Includes a small number of casualties who were using a "non-motor" mode of transport (other than pedestrian and pedal cyclists, who are excluded from this table).

Passenger Vehicle/pillion

95

Table 27 Casualties

Child casualties by time of dayYears: 1998-2002 average

Total for Weekdays

0

100

200

300

400

500

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Time (hours)

Killed and Seriouslyinjured

All Severities

Total for Weekends

0

100

200

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Time (hours)

96

Table 27 Casualties

Child(1) casualties by time of day and mode of transportSeparately for weekdays/weekendsYears: 1998-2002 averageDay/hour Pedes- Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(3) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(3) Total

trian cycle cycle(2) coach goods goods

Total for Weekdays

00.00 to 00.59 - - - 6 - - - - - - 6 01.00 to 01.59 - - - 3 - - - - - - 3 02.00 to 02.59 - - - 1 - 1 - - - - 3 03.00 to 03.59 - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 04.00 to 04.59 - - - 3 - - - - - - 3 05.00 to 05.59 - - - 1 - - - - - - 2 06.00 to 06.59 - 2 - 1 - - - - - - 5 07.00 to 07.59 7 5 - 6 - - 1 1 - - 21 08.00 to 08.59 125 10 - 40 1 2 25 - - - 204 09.00 to 09.59 30 2 - 25 1 1 5 - - - 66 10.00 to 10.59 13 4 - 20 - - 4 - - 1 42 11.00 to 11.59 19 6 1 26 - - 9 - - - 62 12.00 to 12.59 51 11 - 33 - 1 9 - - - 106 13.00 to 13.59 83 12 1 44 - - 6 - 1 1 147 14.00 to 14.59 39 11 1 34 1 1 8 - 1 - 96 15.00 to 15.59 224 24 1 64 1 3 24 - - 1 343 16.00 to 16.59 167 38 1 63 1 2 16 1 1 1 290 17.00 to 17.59 133 37 1 58 1 - 5 2 - - 238 18.00 to 18.59 124 33 1 56 1 - 3 1 - 1 220 19.00 to 19.59 93 23 1 54 - - 2 1 - - 175 20.00 to 20.59 58 21 1 35 - - 3 1 - 1 120 21.00 to 21.59 28 8 1 31 - 1 2 - - - 71 22.00 to 22.59 11 3 - 16 - - - - - - 31 23.00 to 23.59 4 - - 10 1 - 1 - - - 16 Total 1,211 252 11 631 10 13 123 9 6 6 2,271

Total for Weekends

00.00 to 00.59 1 - - 4 - - - - - - 5 01.00 to 01.59 1 - - 5 - - - - - - 7 02.00 to 02.59 - - - 3 - - - - - - 3 03.00 to 03.59 - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 04.00 to 04.59 - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 05.00 to 05.59 - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 06.00 to 06.59 - - - 2 - - - - - - 3 07.00 to 07.59 - 1 - 4 - - - 1 - - 6 08.00 to 08.59 1 1 - 5 - - - - - - 8 09.00 to 09.59 1 1 - 7 - - - - - - 10 10.00 to 10.59 6 2 - 19 - - - - - - 29 11.00 to 11.59 13 5 - 23 - - 1 1 - 1 44 12.00 to 12.59 29 6 1 29 1 - 1 - 1 - 69 13.00 to 13.59 37 8 1 35 - - 2 - - 1 84 14.00 to 14.59 34 10 1 36 - 1 2 - - 1 84 15.00 to 15.59 35 10 1 29 - 2 2 - - - 80 16.00 to 16.59 32 9 1 35 - 1 2 - - - 80 17.00 to 17.59 28 11 1 27 1 1 3 1 - 1 72 18.00 to 18.59 33 9 1 25 - 1 1 1 - - 73 19.00 to 19.59 32 7 - 22 - - - - - 1 62 20.00 to 20.59 16 6 1 11 - - 1 - - - 35 21.00 to 21.59 8 2 - 14 - - - - - - 25 22.00 to 22.59 5 - - 12 - - - - - - 18 23.00 to 23.59 1 - - 5 - - - - - - 7 Total 316 89 9 357 4 5 16 5 2 5 808

(1) Child 0-15 years(2) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(3) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.

97

Table 28 Casualties

Adult casualties by time of dayYears: 1998-2002 average

Total for Weekdays

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Time (hours)

Killed and Seriously injured

All Severities

Total for Weekends

0

100

200

300

400

500

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Time (hours)

98

Table 28 Casualties

Adult casualties by time of day and mode of transportSeparately for weekdays/weekendsYears: 1998-2002 averageDay/hour Pedes- Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(2) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(2) Total

trian cycle cycle(1) coach goods goods

Total for Weekdays

00.00 to 00.59 21 2 3 118 7 - - 3 4 2 160 01.00 to 01.59 10 1 2 75 5 - - 1 3 - 99 02.00 to 02.59 10 1 1 56 3 1 2 4 4 - 83 03.00 to 03.59 8 - 1 54 3 - - 2 4 1 75 04.00 to 04.59 3 1 1 32 2 2 - 2 5 1 50 05.00 to 05.59 3 3 4 54 3 1 1 7 7 1 83 06.00 to 06.59 8 11 11 123 3 2 3 12 14 3 190 07.00 to 07.59 32 42 40 381 5 8 9 40 16 5 578 08.00 to 08.59 77 51 51 605 9 4 39 36 18 8 898 09.00 to 09.59 84 26 23 436 10 6 36 24 17 9 672 10.00 to 10.59 77 25 23 355 6 7 34 23 20 8 579 11.00 to 11.59 89 18 29 404 8 5 49 26 23 9 661 12.00 to 12.59 99 24 36 458 11 4 56 16 18 9 732 13.00 to 13.59 99 21 47 490 7 2 56 22 17 10 772 14.00 to 14.59 104 25 43 478 11 3 68 19 19 9 779 15.00 to 15.59 113 31 51 544 12 7 79 21 16 8 881 16.00 to 16.59 141 46 76 676 11 8 64 30 14 5 1,070 17.00 to 17.59 144 62 78 739 12 7 40 27 11 10 1,130 18.00 to 18.59 97 39 52 534 11 2 19 10 7 5 776 19.00 to 19.59 84 29 44 475 10 2 15 9 5 4 678 20.00 to 20.59 60 17 36 350 7 4 11 6 3 2 497 21.00 to 21.59 59 17 30 339 9 1 11 5 3 2 475 22.00 to 22.59 51 9 23 276 9 1 6 3 4 2 383 23.00 to 23.59 48 5 12 206 9 1 11 6 3 1 302 Total 1,521 507 718 8,257 185 79 609 357 255 115 12,601

Total for Weekends

00.00 to 00.59 53 2 4 115 12 1 - 3 2 1 192 01.00 to 01.59 48 1 2 118 11 1 2 1 - 2 188 02.00 to 02.59 28 1 4 95 13 - 1 1 - 1 144 03.00 to 03.59 27 - 2 87 8 2 1 3 1 1 132 04.00 to 04.59 6 - 1 51 4 3 1 3 - 1 70 05.00 to 05.59 4 1 1 42 1 1 - 2 1 1 54 06.00 to 06.59 2 1 2 40 1 - - 4 2 - 51 07.00 to 07.59 3 3 3 69 2 - 1 8 2 1 91 08.00 to 08.59 3 3 3 83 1 2 3 6 3 3 111 09.00 to 09.59 8 4 11 94 1 - 4 3 2 2 130 10.00 to 10.59 13 8 13 139 2 - 9 4 2 2 192 11.00 to 11.59 25 7 26 176 3 2 11 3 2 1 256 12.00 to 12.59 22 10 33 222 3 - 15 6 3 3 318 13.00 to 13.59 27 8 29 269 4 1 14 4 3 2 360 14.00 to 14.59 30 9 38 257 3 1 15 3 2 2 359 15.00 to 15.59 27 9 39 240 4 3 15 4 2 3 345 16.00 to 16.59 29 6 38 236 3 - 11 3 1 3 330 17.00 to 17.59 40 10 36 233 3 2 11 3 - 1 340 18.00 to 18.59 29 6 22 208 3 1 8 5 1 3 285 19.00 to 19.59 32 6 15 184 5 - 7 3 1 1 255 20.00 to 20.59 28 4 13 141 5 1 2 1 1 2 199 21.00 to 21.59 29 3 8 129 5 1 3 1 1 2 182 22.00 to 22.59 26 1 7 112 7 - 3 1 - 1 158 23.00 to 23.59 29 1 5 104 8 2 2 1 1 1 154 Total 567 105 356 3,446 114 26 138 73 33 40 4,897

(1) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(2) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.

99

Table 29 Casualties

Child and adult casualties by month and mode of transportYears: 1998-2002 average(figures adjusted to standard 30 day months)

Pedal Cycle

0

100

200

300

J F M A M J J A S O N DMonth

ChildAdult

Pedestrian

0

100

200

300

J F M A M J J A S O N DMonth

All other modes

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

J F M A M J J A S O N DMonth

Car

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

J F M A M J J A S O N DMonth

100

Table 29 Casualties

Child(1) and adult casualties by month and mode of transportYears: 1998-2002 average(figures adjusted to standard 30 day months)Child/ Pedes- Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(3) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(3) TotalAdult/ trian cycle cycle(2) coach goods goods Month

Child

January 100 9 1 70 1 1 11 - 1 1 194 February 131 13 1 92 - 1 15 1 1 - 256 March 139 17 1 73 1 1 14 1 - - 245 April 124 30 2 87 1 2 8 2 1 - 257 May 147 45 1 67 1 2 12 2 1 2 279 June 126 43 2 72 2 - 18 1 - 3 267 July 99 47 3 99 2 4 8 2 1 2 265 August 131 56 4 101 2 2 7 1 2 2 307 September 149 39 1 64 1 - 12 1 1 1 269 October 124 19 2 91 2 3 14 - - - 255 November 135 9 2 77 1 2 10 1 1 1 238 December 103 8 1 81 2 1 8 1 - - 204 Year Total 1,507 335 19 974 14 18 137 14 8 11 3,036

Adult

January 192 48 40 973 27 7 47 34 34 10 1,412 February 193 44 42 1,013 24 11 79 44 32 15 1,498 March 165 43 61 829 21 8 61 37 22 11 1,258 April 144 41 86 842 27 12 57 32 20 10 1,271 May 146 55 126 862 21 6 54 36 15 13 1,334 June 137 50 119 948 23 6 81 34 22 14 1,436 July 126 54 132 934 21 6 58 34 18 13 1,396 August 150 68 141 1,010 19 13 63 34 26 15 1,540 September 148 56 118 927 20 5 60 32 23 12 1,401 October 184 52 79 1,056 28 11 69 32 21 15 1,548 November 234 53 68 1,090 28 12 57 37 25 11 1,614 December 240 39 42 1,054 35 6 53 37 25 13 1,544 Year Total 2,059 603 1,055 11,538 294 103 738 424 285 152 17,253

Total(4)

January 293 57 41 1,044 28 8 58 35 35 11 1,610 February 326 57 43 1,106 24 13 96 46 33 15 1,758 March 305 61 61 903 21 9 75 38 22 11 1,506 April 269 72 88 929 28 14 66 34 21 10 1,531 May 293 100 127 929 22 8 66 38 16 15 1,616 June 265 93 121 1,021 25 6 101 35 22 17 1,707 July 225 101 135 1,033 23 10 66 36 19 15 1,664 August 282 124 145 1,112 21 15 71 35 28 17 1,851 September 298 95 119 992 21 5 74 33 24 13 1,674 October 310 71 81 1,149 29 14 85 32 21 16 1,809 November 371 62 70 1,169 29 14 68 37 26 12 1,858 December 345 47 43 1,136 37 7 64 38 25 13 1,754 Year Total 3,583 941 1,075 12,522 309 122 890 438 293 163 20,337

(1) Child 0-15 years.(2) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles.(3) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.(4) Includes those ages 'not known'.

Note: As the figures in this table have been adjusted to be for "30 day months", they may not be comparable with other tables in this publication.

101

Table 30 Casualties

Child and adult casualties by day of week and mode of transportYears: 1998-2002 average

Pedal Cycle

0

100

200

300

400

M T W T F S SDay

ChildAdult

Pedestrian

0

100

200

300

400

M T W T F S SDay

All other modes

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

M T W T F S SDay

Car

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

M T W T F S SDay

102

Table 30 Casualties

Child(1) and adult casualties by day of week and mode of transportYears: 1998-2002 averageDay of Pedes- Pedal Motor Car Taxi Minibus(3) Bus/ Light Heavy Other(3) TotalWeek trian cycle cycle(2) coach goods goods

Child

Monday 211 49 2 121 3 5 20 1 2 2 417 Tuesday 235 48 2 113 2 1 20 2 1 1 425 Wednesday 232 47 2 122 2 1 25 2 1 1 435 Thursday 256 56 2 115 1 3 29 1 - 1 463 Friday 277 51 3 160 3 4 29 2 2 1 531 Saturday 195 47 3 195 3 2 10 2 2 3 461 Sunday 121 42 6 162 2 3 6 3 - 1 347 Total 1,527 341 19 988 14 19 139 14 8 11 3,079

Adult

Monday 283 97 141 1,577 33 12 113 78 62 28 2,424 Tuesday 283 107 134 1,547 38 13 125 68 51 23 2,390 Wednesday 277 111 140 1,590 34 25 118 67 48 19 2,429 Thursday 313 103 145 1,595 35 11 110 69 49 23 2,452 Friday 364 90 157 1,948 45 18 143 75 45 22 2,906 Saturday 342 54 175 1,833 57 13 106 43 20 22 2,664 Sunday 225 51 181 1,612 57 13 32 31 13 18 2,233 Total 2,087 612 1,073 11,702 299 105 747 430 288 155 17,498

Total(4)

Monday 497 146 143 1,699 36 18 133 79 63 30 2,846 Tuesday 521 157 137 1,661 40 14 149 71 53 24 2,825 Wednesday 511 159 142 1,713 35 26 145 69 49 21 2,871 Thursday 572 160 147 1,710 36 14 141 70 49 23 2,921 Friday 643 141 160 2,110 48 22 174 77 47 23 3,445 Saturday 539 101 178 2,029 60 15 119 45 22 25 3,132 Sunday 348 93 187 1,777 59 17 40 33 14 19 2,587 Total 3,631 957 1,094 12,700 313 124 901 444 297 166 20,626

(1) Child 0-15 years.(2) Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles.(3) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.(4) Includes those whose ages were 'not known'.

103

Table 31 Casualties

Casualty rates per thousand population, by age and sexYear: 2002

Males

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70+Age

Rates perthousand population

Females

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70+Age

Rates perthousand population

104

Table 31 PopulationCasualties

Population estimates, number of casualties and casualty rates per thousand population by age groupsYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002

Year 0-4 5-11 12-15 16-22 23-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+ All Ages(1)

Population (2)thousands

1994-98 average 309.9 452.6 256.0 445.9 529.7 786.5 687.1 579.2 499.5 545.3 5,091.7

1998 296.4 451.4 254.7 439.6 489.3 796.6 689.3 606.5 500.3 552.8 5,077.11999 290.3 447.5 257.6 439.9 469.1 795.6 695.7 618.8 501.1 556.4 5,072.02000 283.2 440.3 261.3 444.9 447.2 789.8 704.7 628.9 501.9 560.8 5,062.92001 276.3 434.8 259.4 453.1 429.4 784.5 717.1 641.0 501.0 567.7 5,064.22002 268.5 429.4 257.3 454.4 418.9 772.8 730.9 647.9 501.3 573.4 5,054.8

1998-2002 average 282.9 440.7 258.1 446.4 450.8 787.9 707.5 628.6 501.1 562.2 5,066.2

Casualties number

1994-98 average 575 1,942 1,334 4,306 3,648 3,835 2,446 1,704 1,225 1,299 22,316

1998 514 1,832 1,189 4,170 3,501 4,242 2,615 1,910 1,246 1,248 22,4671999 477 1,652 1,067 3,968 3,186 4,015 2,553 1,750 1,119 1,172 21,0032000 437 1,484 1,079 3,592 2,918 4,059 2,679 1,840 1,103 1,236 20,5082001 384 1,435 1,101 3,703 2,639 3,890 2,601 1,796 1,119 1,169 19,9062002 354 1,380 1,011 3,582 2,432 3,739 2,665 1,815 1,039 1,181 19,248

1998-2002 average 433 1,557 1,089 3,803 2,935 3,989 2,623 1,822 1,125 1,201 20,626

2002 Male 210 869 580 2,237 1,434 2,248 1,533 941 519 478 11,0712002 Female 142 510 431 1,343 998 1,490 1,132 874 520 702 8,164

Casualty rates rates per thousand population

1994-98 average 1.9 4.3 5.2 9.7 6.9 4.9 3.6 2.9 2.5 2.4 4.4

1998 1.7 4.1 4.7 9.5 7.2 5.3 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.3 4.41999 1.6 3.7 4.1 9.0 6.8 5.0 3.7 2.8 2.2 2.1 4.12000 1.5 3.4 4.1 8.1 6.5 5.1 3.8 2.9 2.2 2.2 4.12001 1.4 3.3 4.2 8.2 6.1 5.0 3.6 2.8 2.2 2.1 3.92002 1.3 3.2 3.9 7.9 5.8 4.8 3.6 2.8 2.1 2.1 3.8

1998-2002 average 1.5 3.5 4.2 8.5 6.5 5.1 3.7 2.9 2.2 2.1 4.1

Male1994-98 average 2.0 5.3 6.0 11.8 8.3 5.9 4.1 3.1 2.6 2.6 5.21998 1.8 5.0 5.2 11.4 8.5 6.5 4.2 3.3 2.6 2.4 5.21999 1.8 4.5 4.6 10.8 8.0 6.1 4.1 3.0 2.5 2.4 4.92000 1.7 4.0 4.5 9.8 7.9 6.2 4.2 3.2 2.3 2.2 4.72001 1.7 3.8 4.7 9.7 7.3 6.0 4.3 3.0 2.3 2.3 4.62002 1.5 4.0 4.4 9.7 6.9 6.0 4.3 2.9 2.2 2.2 4.61998-2002 average 1.7 4.3 4.7 10.3 7.7 6.2 4.2 3.1 2.4 2.3 4.8

Female1994-98 average 1.7 3.2 4.4 7.5 5.5 3.9 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 3.61998 1.6 3.1 4.1 7.6 5.8 4.2 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.1 3.71999 1.5 2.9 3.6 7.2 5.7 4.1 3.2 2.7 2.0 1.9 3.52000 1.3 2.7 3.8 6.3 5.3 4.1 3.4 2.7 2.1 2.2 3.42001 1.0 2.7 3.8 6.6 5.0 3.9 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.9 3.32002 1.1 2.4 3.4 6.0 4.7 3.7 3.0 2.7 2.0 2.0 3.11998-2002 average 1.3 2.8 3.8 6.7 5.3 4.0 3.2 2.7 2.1 2.0 3.4(1) Includes those whose ages were 'not known'.(2) The basis of the population estimates is described in the Introduction.

105

Table 32 Casualties

Casualty rates per thousand population by mode of transport, age group and severityYears: 1998-2002 average

Pedestrian

0

1

2

3

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates perthousand population Killed

Killed & Seriously injured

All Severities

Car

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates perthousand population

KilledKilled & Seriously injuredAll Severities

106

Table 32 Casualties

Casualties by age and severity, separately for each mode of transport Numbers and rates per thousand populationYears: 1998-2002 average

Killed & All Killed & AllMode of Transport Age group Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

numbers rates per thousand population (4)

Pedestrian 0 - 4 2 54 175 .01 .19 .625 - 11 6 204 831 .01 .46 1.8912 - 15 6 133 520 .02 .51 2.0216 - 22 8 105 456 .02 .23 1.0223 - 29 6 72 285 .01 .16 .6330 - 39 9 90 352 .01 .11 .4540 - 49 5 70 249 .01 .10 .3550 - 59 8 68 209 .01 .11 .3360 - 69 7 68 192 .01 .13 .3870 & over 23 156 344 .04 .28 .61Total(1) 81 1,020 3,631 .02 .20 .72Child 0-15 15 391 1,527 .02 .40 1.56Adult 16+ 66 629 2,087 .02 .15 .51

Pedal Cycle 0 - 4 - 2 8 - .01 .035 - 11 1 34 200 .00 .08 .4512 - 15 1 24 133 .00 .09 .5216 - 22 - 18 115 - .04 .2623 - 29 - 18 124 - .04 .2830 - 39 2 31 175 .00 .04 .2240 - 49 1 24 108 .00 .03 .1550 - 59 2 18 53 .00 .03 .0860 - 69 1 7 26 .00 .01 .0570 & over 1 3 11 .00 .01 .02Total(1) 10 179 957 .00 .04 .19Child 0-15 2 60 341 .00 .06 .35Adult 16+ 8 119 612 .00 .03 .15

Motorcycle(2) 0 - 4 - - 1 - - .005 - 11 - 1 4 - - .0112 - 15 - 6 15 - .02 .0616 - 22 5 69 219 .01 .15 .4923 - 29 9 89 218 .02 .20 .4830 - 39 16 162 379 .02 .21 .4840 - 49 7 75 173 .01 .11 .2450 - 59 1 26 63 .00 .04 .1060 - 69 1 8 17 .00 .02 .0370 & over 1 2 5 .00 .00 .01Total(1) 39 437 1,094 .01 .09 .22Child 0-15 - 7 19 - .01 .02Adult 16+ 39 431 1,073 .01 .11 .26

Car 0 - 4 1 23 208 .00 .08 .735 - 11 1 38 439 .00 .09 1.0012 - 15 2 54 341 .01 .21 1.3216 - 22 48 498 2,800 .11 1.12 6.2723 - 29 28 297 2,039 .06 .66 4.5230 - 39 27 350 2,588 .03 .44 3.2940 - 49 24 249 1,744 .03 .35 2.4650 - 59 19 209 1,217 .03 .33 1.9460 - 69 13 137 705 .03 .27 1.4170 & over 21 162 609 .04 .29 1.08Total(1) 185 2,020 12,700 .04 .40 2.51Child 0-15 5 115 988 .00 .12 1.01Adult 16+ 180 1,903 11,702 .04 .47 2.87

(1) Includes those whose age was 'not known' (2) Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(3) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way motor caravans were counted -see Annex C.(4) The basis of the population estimates is described in the Introduction.

107

Table 32 Casualties

Casualty rates per thousand population by mode of transport, age group and severityYears: 1998-2002 average

Pedal Cycle

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates per thousand population

KilledKilled & Seriously injuredAll Severities

Motor Cycle

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates per thousand population

Bus/Coach

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates per thousand population

Light Goods

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates per thousand population

Heavy Goods

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates per thousand population

108

Table 32 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by age and severity, separately for each mode of transportNumbers and rates per thousand populationYears: 1998-2002 average

Killed & All Killed & AllRoad User Age group Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

numbers rates per thousand population (4)

Taxi 0 - 4 - - 4 - - .015 - 11 - - 5 - - .0112 - 15 - 1 6 - .00 .0216 - 22 - 3 31 - .01 .0723 - 29 - 2 42 - .01 .0930 - 39 - 4 78 - .01 .1040 - 49 - 6 66 - .01 .0950 - 59 - 5 48 - .01 .0860 - 69 - 3 22 - .01 .0470 & over - 3 13 - .00 .02Total(1) 1 27 313 - .01 .06Child 0-15 - 1 14 - .00 .01Adult 16+ 1 26 299 - .01 .07

Minibus(3) 0 - 4 - - 1 - - .005 - 11 - 2 9 - .00 .0212 - 15 - 1 8 - .01 .0316 - 22 - 3 18 - .01 .0423 - 29 - 2 15 - .01 .0330 - 39 - 3 27 - .00 .0340 - 49 - 1 18 - .00 .0350 - 59 - 2 12 - .00 .0260 - 69 - 2 7 - .00 .0170 & over 1 3 6 - .00 .01Total(1) 2 20 124 - .00 .02Child 0-15 - 3 19 - .00 .02Adult 16+ 2 17 105 .00 .00 .03

Bus/Coach 0 - 4 - - 33 - - .125 - 11 - 2 54 - .00 .1212 - 15 - 3 51 - .01 .2016 - 22 - 4 66 - .01 .1523 - 29 - 3 50 - .01 .1130 - 39 - 6 112 - .01 .1440 - 49 - 4 91 - .01 .1350 - 59 - 9 101 - .01 .1660 - 69 - 13 122 - .03 .2470 & over - 27 205 - .05 .36Total(1) 1 72 901 .00 .01 .18Child 0-15 - 6 139 - .01 .14Adult 16+ - 66 747 - .02 .18

Light goods 0 - 4 - 1 2 - .00 .015 - 11 - 1 6 - .00 .0112 - 15 - 2 6 - .01 .0216 - 22 1 13 60 .00 .03 .1323 - 29 1 13 86 .00 .03 .1930 - 39 3 21 134 .00 .03 .1740 - 49 1 15 78 .00 .02 .1150 - 59 1 12 52 .00 .02 .0860 - 69 1 4 16 .00 .01 .0370 & over - 1 4 - - .01Total(1) 8 82 444 .00 .02 .09Child 0-15 - 4 14 - .00 .01Adult 16+ 8 78 430 .00 .02 .11

(1) Includes those whose age was 'not known' (2) Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(3) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way motor caravans were counted -see Annex C.(4) The basis of the population estimates is described in the Introduction.

109

Table 32 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by age and severity, separately for each mode of transportNumbers and rates per thousand populationYears: 1998-2002 average

Killed & All Killed & AllRoad User Age group Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

numbers rates per thousand population (4)

Heavy goods 0 - 4 - - 1 - - - 5 - 11 - - 4 - - .0112 - 15 - 1 3 - .00 .0116 - 22 - 3 17 - .01 .0423 - 29 1 8 48 .00 .02 .1130 - 39 1 16 98 .00 .02 .1240 - 49 3 16 66 .00 .02 .0950 - 59 1 10 47 .00 .02 .0760 - 69 1 3 11 .00 .01 .0270 & over - - 1 - - .00Total(1) 7 58 297 .00 .01 .06Child 0-15 - 1 8 - .00 .01Adult 16+ 7 56 288 .00 .01 .07

Other(3) 0 - 4 - - 1 - - .005 - 11 - 1 4 - .00 .0112 - 15 - 1 5 - .00 .0216 - 22 - 4 20 - .01 .0423 - 29 - 3 28 - .01 .0630 - 39 - 7 45 - .01 .0640 - 49 - 3 30 - .00 .0450 - 59 - 4 21 - .01 .0360 - 69 - 1 7 - .00 .0170 & over - 1 4 - .00 .01Total(1) - 25 166 - .00 .03Child 0-15 - 3 11 - .00 .01Adult 16+ - 22 155 - .01 .04

Total 0 - 4 4 80 433 .01 .28 1.535 - 11 9 284 1,557 .02 .64 3.5312 - 15 9 226 1,089 .04 .88 4.2216 - 22 62 720 3,803 .14 1.61 8.5223 - 29 45 508 2,935 .10 1.13 6.5130 - 39 58 690 3,989 .07 .88 5.0640 - 49 43 462 2,623 .06 .65 3.7150 - 59 33 362 1,822 .05 .58 2.9060 - 69 25 246 1,125 .05 .49 2.2570 & over 47 358 1,201 .08 .64 2.14Total(1) 335 3,940 20,626 .07 .78 4.07Child 0-15 22 590 3,079 .02 .60 3.14Adult 16+ 312 3,347 17,498 .08 .82 4.28

(1) Includes those whose age was 'not known' (2) Motorcycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(3) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way motor caravans were counted -see Annex C.(4) The basis of the population estimates is described in the Introduction.

110

Table 33 Casualties

Casualties by speed limit, mode of transport and severityYears: 1998-2002 averageSeverity/Mode of 30 mph 40 mph 50 mph 60 mph 70 mph Other TotalTransport

KilledPedestrian 51 6 2 14 9 - 81 Pedal cycle 4 1 - 4 1 - 10 Motor cycle(1) 7 - - 31 2 - 39 Car 21 7 1 134 22 - 185 Bus/coach - - - - - - 1 Other(2) 2 1 - 12 3 - 19

Total 84 15 4 194 38 - 335

Killed & SeriousPedestrian 886 42 10 59 21 2 1,020 Pedal cycle 136 7 2 29 4 1 179 Motor cycle(1) 145 19 8 244 20 1 437 Car 474 82 27 1,258 176 3 2,020 Bus/coach 56 3 - 12 1 - 72 Other(2) 51 10 6 116 29 - 212

Total 1,747 163 54 1,718 251 8 3,940

All SeveritiesPedestrian 3,344 97 18 124 35 13 3,631 Pedal cycle 808 34 7 94 10 4 957 Motor cycle(1) 506 56 19 463 47 2 1,094 Car 5,228 697 230 5,325 1,199 22 12,700 Bus/coach 726 39 18 95 18 4 901 Other(2) 572 64 26 528 152 2 1,344

Total 11,185 987 318 6,628 1,461 47 20,626

(1) Motor cycle includes all two wheeled motor vehicles(2) Affected by the change in 1999 in the way that motor caravans were counted - see Annex C.

Speed Limit

111

Table 34 Casualties

Killed and seriously injured casualties by age group and casualty classYears: 1998-2002 average

Pedestrian

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates perthousand population

MaleFemale

Driver or rider

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates perthousand population

Passenger in vehicle or on pillion

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 - 4 5 - 11 12 - 15 16 - 22 23 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70+Age

Rates perthousand population

112

Table 34 Casualties

Casualties by age, severity and sex, separately for each casualty class Numbers and rates per thousand populationYears: 1998-2002 average

Male Female Total(1)

Casualty Killed and All Killed and All Killed and Allclass/age Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

(a) Numbers

Pedestrian

0 - 4 2 36 113 1 17 61 2 54 1765 - 11 4 139 548 3 65 282 6 204 83212 - 15 3 83 302 3 49 219 6 133 52016 - 22 7 72 282 1 33 174 8 105 45723 - 29 4 51 187 1 21 98 6 72 28530 - 39 8 70 233 1 20 120 9 90 35340 - 49 3 47 151 2 22 98 5 70 24950 - 59 6 44 128 3 24 81 8 68 20960 - 69 4 39 109 3 29 83 7 68 19270 & over 12 67 146 12 90 197 23 156 345Total(1) 51 648 2,208 30 371 1,418 81 1,020 3,631 Child 0-15 8 259 963 6 132 562 15 391 1,529 Adult 16+ 43 389 1,235 23 239 850 66 629 2,089

Driver or rider

0 - 4 - 2 7 - - 1 - 2 85 - 11 1 27 155 - 7 43 1 34 19812 - 15 1 28 131 - 3 16 1 31 14616 - 22 29 279 1,282 5 68 566 34 347 1,84923 - 29 26 258 1,191 4 69 717 30 328 1,90830 - 39 36 385 1,787 5 109 1,026 41 494 2,81340 - 49 26 239 1,132 6 75 672 31 315 1,80450 - 59 15 152 688 5 61 388 19 213 1,07660 - 69 9 75 353 3 31 152 11 107 50670 & over 10 64 245 4 34 115 14 98 361Total(1) 151 1,510 6,974 32 459 3,698 184 1,969 10,675 Child 0-15 2 56 292 - 11 59 2 67 352 Adult 16+ 149 1,454 6,678 32 448 3,637 181 1,902 10,317

Passengervehicle/pillion

0 - 4 1 12 130 - 12 121 1 25 2505 - 11 1 26 256 - 19 271 2 45 52812 - 15 1 34 184 1 29 238 2 63 42316 - 22 13 161 746 7 107 752 20 268 1,49823 - 29 6 61 336 3 47 407 9 108 74330 - 39 4 49 337 3 58 486 7 107 82340 - 49 3 29 189 3 49 380 6 78 56950 - 59 2 22 140 4 58 397 6 81 53760 - 69 2 16 93 4 55 335 6 72 42870 & over 2 18 98 8 86 397 10 104 498Total(1) 36 430 2,518 34 521 3,798 70 951 6,320Child 0-15 4 73 571 2 60 629 5 133 1,201 Adult 16+ 32 358 1,939 32 459 3,155 65 817 5,097

(1). Includes those whose sex and/or age was not known. (2) The basis of the population estimates is described in the Introduction.

113

Table 34 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by age, severity and sex, separately for each casualty class(1)

Numbers and rates per thousand populationYears: 1998-2002 average

Male Female Total(2)

Casualty Killed and All Killed and All Killed and Allclass/age Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

(b) Rates per thousand population (3)

Pedestrian

0 - 4 .01 .25 .78 .00 .13 .44 .01 .19 .625 - 11 .02 .62 2.43 .01 .30 1.31 .01 .46 1.8912 - 15 .02 .63 2.28 .02 .39 1.74 .02 .51 2.0216 - 22 .03 .32 1.26 .01 .15 .78 .02 .23 1.0223 - 29 .02 .23 .84 .01 .09 .43 .01 .16 .6330 - 39 .02 .18 .61 .00 .05 .29 .01 .11 .4540 - 49 .01 .14 .44 .01 .06 .27 .01 .10 .3550 - 59 .02 .14 .41 .01 .08 .25 .01 .11 .3360 - 69 .02 .17 .46 .01 .11 .31 .01 .13 .3870 & over .05 .31 .69 .03 .26 .57 .04 .28 .61Total(2) .02 .27 .91 .01 .14 .54 .02 .20 .72Child 0-15 .02 .51 1.92 .01 .28 1.17 .02 .40 1.56Adult 16+ .02 .20 .64 .01 .11 .39 .02 .15 .51

Driver or rider

0 - 4 .00 .01 .05 .00 .00 .01 .00 .01 .035 - 11 .00 .12 .69 .00 .03 .20 .00 .08 .4512 - 15 .01 .21 .99 - .02 .12 .00 .12 .5716 - 22 .13 1.24 5.71 .02 .31 2.55 .08 .78 4.1423 - 29 .12 1.17 5.39 .02 .30 3.12 .07 .73 4.2330 - 39 .09 1.01 4.68 .01 .27 2.53 .05 .63 3.5740 - 49 .07 .69 3.25 .02 .21 1.87 .04 .44 2.5550 - 59 .05 .49 2.22 .01 .19 1.22 .03 .34 1.7160 - 69 .04 .32 1.51 .01 .12 .57 .02 .21 1.0170 & over .05 .30 1.15 .01 .10 .33 .02 .17 .64Total(2) .06 .62 2.86 .01 .17 1.41 .04 .39 2.11Child 0-15 .00 .11 .58 .00 .02 .12 .00 .07 .36Adult 16+ .08 .75 3.46 .01 .21 1.69 .04 .47 2.53

Passengervehicle/pillion

0 - 4 .01 .09 .89 .00 .09 .87 .00 .09 .895 - 11 .01 .12 1.14 .00 .09 1.26 .00 .10 1.2012 - 15 .01 .26 1.40 .01 .23 1.89 .01 .24 1.6416 - 22 .06 .72 3.32 .03 .48 3.39 .04 .60 3.3623 - 29 .03 .28 1.52 .01 .20 1.77 .02 .24 1.6530 - 39 .01 .13 .88 .01 .14 1.20 .01 .14 1.0540 - 49 .01 .08 .54 .01 .14 1.06 .01 .11 .8050 - 59 .01 .07 .45 .01 .18 1.24 .01 .13 .8560 - 69 .01 .07 .40 .02 .21 1.26 .01 .14 .8570 & over .01 .08 .46 .02 .25 1.14 .02 .18 .89Total(2) .01 .18 1.03 .01 .20 1.44 .01 .19 1.25Child 0-15 .01 .14 1.14 .00 .13 1.31 .01 .14 1.22Adult 16+ .02 .19 1.00 .01 .21 1.47 .02 .20 1.25

(1) Due to a small problem with a few records, some of the figures in this table will not match exactly those of other tables.(2) Includes those whose sex and/or age was not known. (3) The basis of the population estimates is described in the Introduction.

114

115

Table 35 Casualties

Child and adult pedestrian casualties in single vehicle accidents by pedestrian action,and pedestrian crossing details (1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002On Within zig Within Crossing Other/ Total

Pedestrian zag of 50 metres of Road UnknownCrossing Pedestrian Pedestrian Elsewhere

Crossing Crossing

(a) Child Pedestrian(2)

Crossing road not concealed by vehicle1994-98 average 76 16 72 939 94 1,198 1998 68 16 65 863 84 1,096 1999 79 3 55 746 87 970 2000 63 7 48 784 53 955 2001 71 7 54 703 88 923 2002 52 7 53 580 74 766 1998-2002 average 67 8 55 735 77 942

Crossing road concealed by vehicle1994-98 average 11 2 30 443 37 522 1998 12 - 31 412 37 492 1999 5 4 18 389 34 450 2000 7 1 14 309 27 358 2001 9 - 20 275 29 333 2002 8 1 26 291 22 348 1998-2002 average 8 1 22 335 30 396

Standing/walking1994-98 average - - - - 111 111 1998 - - - - 89 89 1999 - - - - 92 92 2000 - - - - 77 77 2001 - - - 1 102 103 2002 - - - - 82 82 1998-2002 average - - - - 88 89

Other/unknown1994-98 average - - - 5 43 48 1998 - - - 3 33 36 1999 1 - - 10 47 58 2000 - - - 6 39 45 2001 2 - 1 6 73 82 2002 1 - 3 6 53 63 1998-2002 average 1 - 1 6 49 57

Total1994-98 average 87 18 102 1,387 284 1,879 1998 80 16 96 1,278 243 1,713 1999 85 7 73 1,145 260 1,570 2000 70 8 62 1,099 196 1,435 2001 82 7 75 985 292 1,441 2002 61 8 82 877 231 1,259 1998-2002 average 76 9 78 1,077 244 1,484

(1) Excludes those persons whose age was unknown.(2) Child 0-15 years.

116

Table 35 (continued) Casualties

Child and adult pedestrian casualties in single vehicle accidents by pedestrian action,and pedestrian crossing details(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998 to 2002On Within zig Within Crossing Other/ Total

Pedestrian zag of 50 metres of Road UnknownCrossing Pedestrian Pedestrian Elsewhere

Crossing Crossing

(b) Adult Pedestrian

Crossing road not concealed by vehicle1994-98 average 191 26 199 1,045 129 1,591 1998 217 20 191 986 99 1,513 1999 200 19 133 824 106 1,282 2000 123 18 100 946 117 1,304 2001 138 6 123 740 129 1,136 2002 161 16 148 747 121 1,193 1998-2002 average 168 16 139 849 114 1,286

Crossing road concealed by vehicle1994-98 average 19 5 46 179 14 263 1998 18 5 53 178 11 265 1999 19 2 36 148 13 218 2000 9 1 18 154 22 204 2001 9 2 35 108 22 176 2002 17 2 42 127 24 212 1998-2002 average 14 2 37 143 18 215

Standing/walking1994-98 average - - - - 330 330 1998 - - - - 325 325 1999 - - - - 326 326 2000 - - - - 289 289 2001 - - - - 249 249 2002 - - - - 272 272 1998-2002 average - - - - 292 292

Other/unknown1994-98 average 2 - 1 12 105 120 1998 - - - 8 75 83 1999 2 - 1 31 138 172 2000 1 - 2 23 146 172 2001 5 - 5 30 186 226 2002 2 - 4 36 164 206 1998-2002 average 2 - 2 26 142 172

Total1994-98 average 212 32 246 1,236 578 2,304 1998 235 25 244 1,172 510 2,186 1999 221 21 170 1,003 583 1,998 2000 133 19 120 1,123 574 1,969 2001 152 8 163 878 586 1,787 2002 180 18 194 910 581 1,883 1998-2002 average 184 18 178 1,017 567 1,965

(1) Excludes those persons whose age was unknown.(2) Child 0-15 years.

117

Table 36 Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

NorthernHighland

1994-98 average 16 12 1 13 29 169 69 50 12 42 172 3421998 21 15 1 16 37 158 82 51 12 41 186 3441999 19 7 3 10 29 145 47 52 13 28 140 2852000 21 10 6 16 37 135 63 41 7 36 147 2822001 12 17 2 19 31 175 71 45 11 41 168 3432002 10 9 4 13 23 114 38 23 11 27 99 2131998-2002 average 17 12 3 15 31 145 60 42 11 35 148 293

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -38 -24 186 -2 -22 -33 -45 -54 -5 -36 -43 -381998-2002 average 2 -2 129 12 7 -14 -13 -15 -7 -18 -14 -14

Orkney Islands1994-98 average 0 2 0 2 2 0 9 4 2 2 17 171998 0 3 0 3 3 0 12 2 3 0 17 171999 0 4 1 5 5 0 15 11 5 1 32 322000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 1 7 72001 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 0 1 10 102002 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 1 2 9 91998-2002 average 0 1 0 2 2 0 7 5 2 1 15 15

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. -100 -100 -100 -100 .. -66 -21 -55 -9 -47 -471998-2002 average .. -36 0 -33 -33 .. -20 37 -18 -55 -12 -12

Shetland Islands1994-98 average 0 3 0 3 3 0 14 5 2 2 24 241998 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 3 1 1 21 211999 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 4 0 2 18 182000 0 3 1 4 4 0 5 3 2 0 10 102001 0 3 0 3 3 0 14 0 1 1 16 162002 0 2 0 2 2 0 11 0 3 1 15 151998-2002 average 0 2 0 2 2 0 12 2 1 1 16 16

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. -33 .. -33 -33 .. -23 -100 25 -44 -36 -361998-2002 average .. -47 .. -40 -40 .. -18 -62 -42 -44 -32 -32

Eilean Siar1994-98 average 0 2 1 3 3 0 16 5 6 2 29 291998 0 1 2 3 3 0 19 4 8 3 34 341999 0 2 0 2 2 0 14 6 6 5 31 312000 0 2 0 2 2 0 3 5 3 3 14 142001 0 4 1 5 5 0 9 4 8 2 23 232002 0 1 1 2 2 0 7 4 5 5 21 211998-2002 average 0 2 1 3 3 0 10 5 6 4 25 25

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. -58 0 -41 -41 .. -56 -20 -19 127 -28 -281998-2002 average .. -17 -20 -18 -18 .. -34 -8 -3 64 -16 -16

GrampianAberdeen City

1994-98 average 1 2 7 8 9 9 6 8 35 54 103 1121998 2 2 9 11 13 12 6 10 33 46 95 1071999 0 0 6 6 6 4 4 9 23 47 83 872000 1 1 2 3 4 8 1 13 20 42 76 842001 2 4 4 8 10 11 0 10 9 37 56 672002 2 0 4 4 6 10 0 3 25 32 60 701998-2002 average 1 1 5 6 8 9 2 9 22 41 74 83

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 100 -100 -39 -52 -36 16 -100 -63 -29 -41 -42 -371998-2002 average 40 -22 -24 -24 -17 5 -61 13 -38 -24 -28 -26

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

118

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

NorthernHighland

1994-98 average 522 184 180 41 197 603 1,1251998 520 220 227 33 211 691 1,2111999 537 179 202 36 192 609 1,1462000 470 206 167 39 148 560 1,0302001 550 168 154 30 169 521 1,0712002 444 151 136 33 163 483 9271998-2002 average 504 185 177 34 177 573 1,077

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -15 -18 -25 -20 -17 -20 -181998-2002 average -3 0 -2 -17 -10 -5 -4

Orkney Islands1994-98 average 0 24 13 8 7 52 521998 0 24 16 12 4 56 561999 0 35 19 15 7 76 762000 0 17 9 3 4 33 332001 0 24 9 7 5 45 452002 0 28 20 3 12 63 631998-2002 average 0 26 15 8 6 55 55

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. 15 56 -62 62 20 201998-2002 average .. 5 14 3 -14 4 4

Shetland Islands1994-98 average 0 47 18 10 8 82 821998 0 47 19 16 4 86 861999 0 41 11 7 8 67 672000 0 23 8 13 4 48 482001 0 37 6 4 3 50 502002 0 20 5 6 9 40 401998-2002 average 0 34 10 9 6 58 58

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. -57 -72 -38 13 -51 -511998-2002 average .. -28 -44 -4 -30 -29 -29

Eilean Siar1994-98 average 0 43 22 20 9 94 941998 0 52 19 24 7 102 1021999 0 35 28 16 18 97 972000 0 35 15 15 17 82 822001 0 27 19 21 11 78 782002 0 21 18 17 22 78 781998-2002 average 0 34 20 19 15 87 87

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. -51 -17 -16 139 -17 -171998-2002 average .. -21 -8 -8 63 -7 -7

GrampianAberdeen City

1994-98 average 58 21 47 225 365 658 7161998 58 18 59 191 327 595 6531999 59 18 47 131 303 499 5582000 56 11 61 123 315 510 5662001 48 7 47 102 298 454 5022002 44 16 38 111 270 435 4791998-2002 average 53 14 50 132 303 499 552

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -24 -25 -19 -51 -26 -34 -331998-2002 average -9 -34 7 -42 -17 -24 -23

Non built-up Built-up

119

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

Aberdeenshire1994-98 average 9 19 2 21 30 44 66 70 11 24 171 2151998 8 21 1 22 30 41 75 73 7 29 184 2251999 2 18 4 22 24 44 60 59 14 16 149 1932000 12 20 2 22 34 45 68 76 7 25 176 2212001 7 21 4 25 32 39 74 52 3 20 149 1882002 4 23 5 28 32 25 60 68 6 23 157 1821998-2002 average 7 21 3 24 30 39 67 66 7 23 163 202

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -56 24 127 35 7 -43 -9 -3 -45 -3 -8 -151998-2002 average -27 11 45 14 2 -12 2 -6 -33 -5 -5 -6

Moray1994-98 average 5 5 0 5 11 22 16 18 4 9 47 691998 5 9 1 10 15 22 17 25 2 8 52 741999 1 3 1 4 5 11 7 7 1 8 23 342000 5 10 0 10 15 26 17 15 1 7 40 662001 1 6 1 7 8 19 16 18 3 10 47 662002 6 6 0 6 12 20 11 21 1 8 41 611998-2002 average 4 7 1 7 11 20 14 17 2 8 41 60

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 11 25 -100 15 13 -9 -30 14 -74 -9 -12 -111998-2002 average -33 42 50 42 4 -11 -14 -7 -58 -7 -13 -13

TaysideDundee City

1994-98 average 1 1 4 4 5 9 8 2 18 87 115 1241998 4 1 3 4 8 9 9 0 9 78 96 1051999 0 4 2 6 6 14 10 2 14 61 87 1012000 0 0 6 6 6 10 0 4 12 52 68 782001 1 1 3 4 5 17 2 8 20 51 81 982002 0 0 3 3 3 2 4 0 21 47 72 741998-2002 average 1 1 3 5 6 10 5 3 15 58 81 91

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -100 -100 -17 -32 -44 -77 -47 -100 14 -46 -38 -401998-2002 average 0 50 -6 5 4 18 -34 27 -17 -34 -30 -26

Angus1994-98 average 3 6 1 7 9 21 48 41 9 30 128 1491998 1 1 1 2 3 18 48 44 9 28 129 1471999 4 8 3 11 15 15 42 39 10 26 117 1322000 1 5 0 5 6 11 31 44 9 21 105 1162001 3 9 2 11 14 22 36 24 11 25 96 1182002 2 5 0 5 7 11 26 33 8 18 85 961998-2002 average 2 6 1 7 9 15 37 37 9 24 106 122

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -23 -17 -100 -24 -24 -47 -46 -20 -7 -39 -33 -351998-2002 average -15 -7 100 3 -2 -26 -24 -11 9 -20 -17 -18

Perth & Kinross1994-98 average 11 9 2 10 21 82 68 39 23 24 154 2361998 7 6 4 10 17 83 77 35 26 30 168 2511999 10 7 2 9 19 74 49 22 7 39 117 1912000 7 4 0 4 11 64 49 32 9 24 114 1782001 20 10 1 11 31 87 64 39 13 21 137 2242002 10 6 1 7 17 35 63 42 18 13 136 1711998-2002 average 11 7 2 8 19 69 60 34 15 25 134 203

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -7 -30 -38 -31 -19 -57 -8 9 -21 -47 -12 -271998-2002 average 0 -23 0 -20 -10 -16 -12 -12 -36 4 -13 -14

120

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Non built-up Built-up

Aberdeenshire1994-98 average 192 254 301 72 140 766 9591998 167 287 314 53 140 794 9611999 156 239 240 51 135 665 8212000 117 231 290 43 125 689 8062001 167 258 222 39 132 651 8182002 137 253 262 38 129 682 8191998-2002 average 149 254 266 45 132 696 845

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -29 0 -13 -47 -8 -11 -151998-2002 average -23 0 -12 -38 -6 -9 -12

Moray1994-98 average 81 64 75 21 55 215 2961998 71 68 87 10 54 219 2901999 54 57 50 9 46 162 2162000 91 60 57 8 64 189 2802001 74 62 74 17 54 207 2812002 63 43 67 15 46 171 2341998-2002 average 71 58 67 12 53 190 260

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -22 -33 -10 -27 -16 -20 -211998-2002 average -13 -10 -10 -43 -4 -12 -12

TaysideDundee City

1994-98 average 54 21 7 79 354 461 5151998 72 20 1 75 308 404 4761999 64 19 7 75 332 433 4972000 54 3 10 62 324 399 4532001 66 6 16 90 308 420 4862002 43 18 3 124 285 430 4731998-2002 average 60 13 7 85 311 417 477

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -20 -15 -57 57 -19 -7 -81998-2002 average 11 -38 6 8 -12 -10 -7

Angus1994-98 average 63 148 123 38 135 445 5081998 61 157 121 40 128 446 5071999 44 142 123 45 131 441 4852000 39 115 134 59 112 420 4592001 58 107 89 50 108 354 4122002 52 136 138 62 114 450 5021998-2002 average 51 131 121 51 119 422 473

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -18 -8 12 61 -16 1 -11998-2002 average -20 -11 -2 33 -12 -5 -7

Perth & Kinross1994-98 average 246 180 124 94 106 503 7491998 236 191 110 92 100 493 7291999 254 199 118 48 147 512 7662000 176 156 128 57 125 466 6422001 293 193 130 75 101 499 7922002 135 169 140 75 89 473 6081998-2002 average 219 182 125 69 112 489 707

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -45 -6 13 -20 -16 -6 -191998-2002 average -11 1 1 -26 6 -3 -6

121

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

Fife1994-98 average 6 9 5 15 21 36 59 58 38 76 231 2661998 7 10 7 17 24 29 51 49 20 70 190 2191999 2 11 2 13 15 11 41 42 28 70 181 1922000 4 2 6 8 12 42 39 55 26 87 207 2492001 4 11 6 17 21 28 56 50 18 80 204 2322002 6 19 4 23 29 45 76 60 32 65 233 2781998-2002 average 5 11 5 16 20 31 53 51 25 74 203 234

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 0 102 -23 58 41 26 29 3 -15 -14 1 41998-2002 average -23 13 -4 7 -2 -13 -11 -12 -34 -2 -12 -12

Lothian & BordersEdinburgh, City of

1994-98 average 1 3 13 16 18 8 17 8 108 148 281 2901998 3 3 18 21 24 9 9 9 72 115 205 2141999 0 1 14 15 15 6 9 4 83 136 232 2382000 0 6 15 21 21 7 16 10 96 145 267 2742001 0 1 15 16 16 7 4 7 100 150 261 2682002 0 1 11 12 12 4 7 9 84 117 217 2211998-2002 average 1 2 15 17 18 7 9 8 87 133 236 243

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -100 -69 -17 -27 -33 -52 -59 13 -22 -21 -23 -241998-2002 average -57 -25 11 4 -1 -21 -47 -3 -19 -11 -16 -16

West Lothian1994-98 average 2 10 2 12 14 9 38 20 16 38 113 1221998 2 16 5 21 23 10 50 15 16 36 117 1271999 0 4 3 7 7 3 34 13 3 24 74 772000 0 10 0 10 10 7 43 6 7 31 87 942001 1 6 4 10 11 10 18 23 5 42 88 982002 1 3 1 4 5 2 17 8 6 34 65 671998-2002 average 1 8 3 10 11 6 32 13 7 33 86 93

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -44 -70 -58 -68 -65 -77 -56 -60 -63 -11 -42 -451998-2002 average -56 -22 8 -16 -21 -26 -16 -34 -55 -13 -24 -24

Midlothian1994-98 average 1 1 2 3 4 12 13 8 7 14 42 551998 3 3 2 5 8 20 11 7 10 9 37 571999 1 3 1 4 5 8 14 10 4 7 35 432000 2 1 0 1 3 15 14 9 7 18 48 632001 1 1 0 1 2 10 7 6 1 17 31 412002 1 1 1 2 3 18 17 7 1 18 43 611998-2002 average 2 2 1 3 4 14 13 8 5 14 39 53

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -17 -17 -38 -29 -25 45 33 -10 -86 25 2 121998-2002 average 33 50 -50 -7 5 15 -2 0 -36 -4 -8 -3

East Lothian1994-98 average 2 3 1 4 7 10 9 15 7 12 44 551998 0 3 0 3 3 2 6 16 4 6 32 341999 5 2 1 3 8 14 13 14 3 16 46 602000 3 1 4 5 8 14 11 17 4 24 56 702001 1 3 0 3 4 9 19 7 1 10 37 462002 7 0 2 2 9 24 11 8 4 14 37 611998-2002 average 3 2 1 3 6 13 12 12 3 14 42 54

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 192 -100 100 -52 36 131 22 -48 -46 13 -16 121998-2002 average 33 -44 40 -24 -3 21 33 -19 -57 13 -6 -1

122

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Non built-up Built-up

Fife1994-98 average 136 214 205 169 340 928 1,0641998 153 213 189 147 311 860 1,0131999 103 212 244 115 339 910 1,0132000 185 184 195 136 376 891 1,0762001 129 185 201 108 389 883 1,0122002 173 228 187 144 348 907 1,0801998-2002 average 149 204 203 130 353 890 1,039

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 27 6 -9 -15 2 -2 11998-2002 average 9 -5 -1 -23 4 -4 -2

Lothian & BordersEdinburgh, City of

1994-98 average 81 127 38 903 1,243 2,311 2,3921998 126 105 42 893 1,283 2,323 2,4491999 93 59 50 774 1,237 2,120 2,2132000 118 119 59 739 1,334 2,251 2,3692001 126 76 57 704 1,167 2,004 2,1302002 78 64 78 709 1,047 1,898 1,9761998-2002 average 108 85 57 764 1,214 2,119 2,227

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -4 -50 104 -21 -16 -18 -171998-2002 average 33 -33 50 -15 -2 -8 -7

West Lothian1994-98 average 54 194 112 120 283 709 7631998 75 210 79 156 297 742 8171999 58 178 104 73 284 639 6972000 54 177 68 69 295 609 6632001 75 163 100 53 348 664 7392002 41 148 79 53 342 622 6631998-2002 average 61 175 86 81 313 655 716

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -25 -24 -29 -56 21 -12 -131998-2002 average 11 -10 -23 -33 11 -8 -6

Midlothian1994-98 average 63 80 43 49 120 292 3541998 59 85 51 58 109 303 3621999 65 68 46 50 103 267 3322000 61 80 58 59 128 325 3862001 40 66 28 43 132 269 3092002 66 65 27 22 139 253 3191998-2002 average 58 73 42 46 122 283 342

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 5 -18 -37 -55 16 -13 -101998-2002 average -7 -9 -2 -6 2 -3 -4

East Lothian1994-98 average 54 46 57 53 105 262 3161998 35 53 53 63 103 272 3071999 74 73 61 28 122 284 3582000 47 57 69 22 168 316 3632001 66 77 75 18 108 278 3442002 80 52 56 18 127 253 3331998-2002 average 60 62 63 30 126 281 341

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 47 13 -2 -66 20 -3 51998-2002 average 11 36 9 -44 19 7 8

123

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

Scottish Borders1994-98 average 7 10 2 11 18 27 48 25 4 11 88 1151998 6 8 1 9 15 23 35 14 2 12 63 861999 1 16 0 16 17 20 38 46 2 22 108 1282000 6 9 0 9 15 29 38 27 4 16 85 1142001 0 7 1 8 8 10 52 29 0 12 93 1032002 1 5 3 8 9 23 49 34 3 17 103 1261998-2002 average 3 9 1 10 13 21 42 30 2 16 90 111

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -85 -49 88 -30 -51 -15 3 36 -25 55 18 101998-2002 average -59 -8 -38 -12 -30 -22 -11 20 -45 44 3 -3

CentralClackmannanshire

1994-98 average 0 1 1 2 2 0 11 5 8 17 42 421998 0 0 2 2 2 0 6 6 9 9 30 301999 0 1 2 3 3 0 6 2 8 15 31 312000 0 2 3 5 5 2 16 4 7 13 40 422001 0 2 0 2 2 0 15 9 5 6 35 352002 0 4 0 4 4 0 22 2 9 11 44 441998-2002 average 0 2 1 3 3 0 13 5 8 11 36 36

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. 400 -100 100 100 -100 96 -63 10 -37 4 41998-2002 average .. 125 17 60 60 100 16 -15 -7 -38 -15 -14

Stirling1994-98 average 4 4 2 6 10 42 46 16 18 19 100 1421998 9 5 1 6 15 61 48 10 9 16 83 1441999 2 1 0 1 3 29 57 16 12 17 102 1312000 4 6 1 7 11 39 41 9 10 11 71 1102001 5 2 0 2 7 39 35 16 4 14 69 1082002 3 5 0 5 8 23 51 7 5 21 84 1071998-2002 average 5 4 0 4 9 38 46 12 8 16 82 120

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -17 25 -100 -17 -17 -45 10 -56 -72 8 -16 -251998-2002 average 28 -5 -80 -30 -8 -9 0 -28 -56 -19 -18 -15

Falkirk1994-98 average 2 3 3 6 8 13 16 10 22 45 93 1061998 2 2 5 7 9 5 13 4 16 36 69 741999 0 2 2 4 4 3 15 3 22 32 72 752000 0 1 1 2 2 3 27 6 12 31 76 792001 3 2 3 5 8 13 23 7 14 33 77 902002 5 4 3 7 12 15 21 14 14 39 88 1031998-2002 average 2 2 3 5 7 8 20 7 16 34 76 84

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 150 18 0 9 43 19 33 40 -36 -14 -5 -21998-2002 average 0 -35 -7 -22 -17 -38 25 -32 -28 -25 -18 -20

StrathclydeGlasgow City

1994-98 average 2 0 25 25 27 24 8 3 171 364 547 5701998 1 0 27 27 28 13 14 6 156 337 513 5261999 1 0 17 17 18 21 10 4 127 317 458 4792000 10 0 15 15 25 34 4 3 121 224 352 3862001 3 0 18 18 21 15 11 5 122 246 384 3992002 0 1 12 13 13 20 7 3 121 241 372 3921998-2002 average 3 0 18 18 21 21 9 4 129 273 416 436

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -100 150 -52 -49 -52 -15 -15 -12 -29 -34 -32 -311998-2002 average 67 -50 -29 -29 -23 -13 12 24 -25 -25 -24 -23

124

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Non built-up Built-up

Scottish Borders1994-98 average 147 211 148 35 86 480 6271998 137 247 151 28 80 506 6431999 91 182 207 18 132 539 6302000 119 198 153 20 124 495 6142001 83 225 150 13 107 495 5782002 100 202 182 21 127 532 6321998-2002 average 106 211 169 20 114 513 619

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -32 -4 23 -40 48 11 11998-2002 average -28 0 14 -43 33 7 -1

CentralClackmannanshire

1994-98 average 1 35 18 25 59 137 1381998 2 38 22 33 51 144 1461999 0 27 15 25 60 127 1272000 2 33 15 35 39 122 1242001 0 33 21 18 28 100 1002002 0 47 9 32 46 134 1341998-2002 average 1 36 16 29 45 125 126

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -100 35 -51 29 -22 -2 -31998-2002 average 0 2 -10 15 -24 -8 -8

Stirling1994-98 average 120 140 50 67 77 334 4541998 154 155 51 54 75 335 4891999 98 131 50 67 61 309 4072000 94 125 43 51 63 282 3762001 119 97 43 26 67 233 3522002 99 139 34 46 86 305 4041998-2002 average 113 129 44 49 70 293 406

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -18 -1 -31 -32 12 -9 -111998-2002 average -6 -7 -11 -28 -8 -12 -11

Falkirk1994-98 average 50 65 46 110 210 432 4821998 42 68 47 97 211 423 4651999 36 58 37 131 189 415 4512000 37 91 41 103 166 401 4382001 73 74 29 71 160 334 4072002 53 89 43 95 170 397 4501998-2002 average 48 76 39 99 179 394 442

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 7 36 -7 -14 -19 -8 -71998-2002 average -3 16 -15 -10 -15 -9 -8

StrathclydeGlasgow City

1994-98 average 172 42 21 915 1,960 2,938 3,1101998 163 52 22 935 1,971 2,980 3,1431999 194 43 28 831 1,727 2,629 2,8232000 206 35 9 834 1,649 2,527 2,7332001 211 46 22 850 1,603 2,521 2,7322002 230 31 25 777 1,606 2,439 2,6691998-2002 average 201 41 21 845 1,711 2,619 2,820

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 34 -26 20 -15 -18 -17 -141998-2002 average 17 -1 2 -8 -13 -11 -9

125

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

Argyll & Bute1994-98 average 8 4 1 6 13 80 44 21 13 17 95 1751998 7 4 1 5 12 77 50 19 9 11 89 1661999 5 3 2 5 10 57 50 14 22 28 114 1712000 14 2 1 3 17 68 26 12 13 19 70 1382001 11 6 3 9 20 54 31 15 7 12 65 1192002 5 2 1 3 8 69 34 5 11 13 63 1321998-2002 average 8 3 2 5 13 65 38 13 12 17 80 145

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -34 -55 -29 -48 -40 -14 -22 -76 -18 -24 -34 -251998-2002 average 11 -23 14 -14 0 -19 -13 -38 -7 -3 -16 -17

West Dunbartonshire1994-98 average 2 2 3 4 7 18 14 0 23 30 67 851998 4 2 4 6 10 25 13 0 27 25 65 901999 3 1 2 3 6 19 13 0 14 17 44 632000 1 0 1 1 2 14 5 0 15 22 42 562001 1 5 2 7 8 11 15 2 6 19 42 532002 0 0 1 1 1 2 8 1 11 27 47 491998-2002 average 2 2 2 4 5 14 11 1 15 22 48 62

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -100 -100 -62 -77 -85 -89 -42 400 -51 -10 -29 -421998-2002 average -18 -11 -23 -18 -18 -21 -22 200 -35 -27 -28 -26

East Dunbartonshire1994-98 average 0 1 1 2 2 0 13 9 18 27 67 681998 0 2 0 2 2 1 14 9 17 18 58 591999 0 0 1 1 1 0 14 8 20 23 65 652000 0 2 4 6 6 0 7 5 12 20 44 442001 0 1 1 2 2 0 10 6 12 15 43 432002 0 0 1 1 1 0 6 12 9 13 40 401998-2002 average 0 1 1 2 2 0 10 8 14 18 50 50

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 .. -100 -17 -58 -58 -100 -53 28 -49 -52 -40 -411998-2002 average .. -17 17 0 0 -50 -20 -15 -21 -35 -26 -26

Inverclyde1994-98 average 2 0 0 1 2 19 5 3 10 34 51 701998 2 0 0 0 2 16 7 8 14 22 51 671999 2 0 1 1 3 12 3 9 6 25 43 552000 0 0 2 2 2 8 0 2 3 27 32 402001 2 0 2 2 4 14 4 1 1 23 29 432002 2 0 1 1 3 19 3 0 2 14 19 381998-2002 average 2 0 1 1 3 14 3 4 5 22 35 49

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 11 -100 150 67 25 2 -35 -100 -80 -58 -63 -461998-2002 average -11 -100 200 100 17 -26 -26 25 -48 -34 -32 -31

Renfrewshire1994-98 average 3 2 5 7 11 18 14 22 32 71 139 1571998 0 2 4 6 6 6 7 18 22 68 115 1211999 0 3 6 9 9 15 12 15 20 58 105 1202000 3 2 8 10 13 31 5 8 23 56 92 1232001 0 1 2 3 3 17 20 12 22 51 105 1222002 2 1 3 4 6 15 11 8 18 45 82 971998-2002 average 1 2 5 6 7 17 11 12 21 56 100 117

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -41 -58 -38 -44 -43 -17 -21 -64 -43 -37 -41 -381998-2002 average -71 -25 -4 -11 -30 -7 -21 -46 -34 -22 -28 -26

126

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Non built-up Built-up

Argyll & Bute1994-98 average 232 125 69 51 79 324 5561998 226 130 58 42 72 302 5281999 184 136 76 74 93 379 5632000 153 108 66 41 64 279 4322001 163 108 46 58 69 281 4442002 181 118 39 45 74 276 4571998-2002 average 181 120 57 52 74 303 485

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -22 -5 -44 -12 -6 -15 -181998-2002 average -22 -4 -18 1 -5 -6 -13

West Dumbartonshire1994-98 average 72 45 1 109 176 330 4021998 83 49 0 109 189 347 4301999 57 39 1 100 117 257 3142000 105 29 0 103 129 261 3662001 83 45 3 68 130 246 3292002 47 34 5 91 121 251 2981998-2002 average 75 39 2 94 137 272 347

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -34 -24 525 -16 -31 -24 -261998-2002 average 5 -13 125 -13 -22 -18 -14

East Dumbartonshire1994-98 average 2 51 47 116 141 354 3561998 1 44 39 111 142 336 3371999 0 48 36 111 140 335 3352000 0 37 51 99 143 330 3302001 0 29 48 94 152 323 3232002 0 21 42 110 122 295 2951998-2002 average 0 36 43 105 140 324 324

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -100 -59 -10 -5 -13 -17 -171998-2002 average -91 -30 -8 -9 -1 -8 -9

Inverclyde1994-98 average 113 18 15 55 204 292 4051998 111 26 19 64 178 287 3981999 86 8 25 29 176 238 3242000 109 13 9 35 187 244 3532001 88 18 5 35 166 224 3122002 92 9 20 27 136 192 2841998-2002 average 97 15 16 38 169 237 334

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -19 -51 30 -51 -33 -34 -301998-2002 average -14 -19 1 -31 -17 -19 -18

Renfrewshire1994-98 average 85 75 74 152 371 672 7581998 76 72 64 146 346 628 7041999 107 45 67 130 344 586 6932000 142 33 47 134 289 503 6452001 93 61 51 150 248 510 6032002 120 45 55 132 286 518 6381998-2002 average 108 51 57 138 303 549 657

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 41 -40 -26 -13 -23 -23 -161998-2002 average 26 -32 -23 -9 -19 -18 -13

127

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

East Renfrewshire1994-98 average 2 3 1 4 6 10 8 9 6 25 48 581998 0 2 2 4 4 4 7 14 7 20 48 521999 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 11 8 21 43 452000 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 11 3 25 41 442001 0 1 2 3 3 3 1 8 7 20 36 392002 1 1 0 1 2 6 3 12 7 14 36 421998-2002 average 0 1 1 2 2 4 3 11 6 20 41 44

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -50 -62 -100 -72 -64 -39 -63 36 9 -44 -26 -281998-2002 average -90 -62 0 -44 -61 -63 -60 27 0 -21 -16 -24

North Lanarkshire1994-98 average 5 6 8 15 19 38 32 25 52 129 238 2761998 2 5 7 12 14 31 30 29 51 106 216 2471999 1 6 9 15 16 26 30 25 30 106 191 2172000 3 4 5 9 12 30 22 37 50 108 217 2472001 5 3 4 7 12 25 28 13 34 80 155 1802002 6 3 6 9 15 20 23 21 32 59 135 1551998-2002 average 3 4 6 10 14 26 27 25 39 92 183 209

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 25 -53 -27 -38 -23 -47 -28 -15 -38 -54 -43 -441998-2002 average -29 -34 -24 -29 -29 -31 -17 1 -24 -29 -23 -24

South Lanarkshire1994-98 average 4 8 8 16 20 45 54 31 38 96 219 2641998 2 8 11 19 21 56 37 31 39 99 206 2621999 5 11 7 18 23 48 56 27 41 86 210 2582000 7 2 4 6 13 55 46 31 31 74 182 2372001 1 5 3 8 9 24 47 26 19 72 164 1882002 10 7 1 8 18 36 40 30 19 64 153 1891998-2002 average 5 7 5 12 17 44 45 29 30 79 183 227

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 150 -8 -88 -49 -9 -21 -26 -2 -51 -33 -30 -291998-2002 average 25 -13 -37 -25 -15 -4 -16 -5 -22 -18 -16 -14

North Ayrshire1994-98 average 1 2 2 4 6 32 19 29 12 41 101 1331998 1 1 0 1 2 27 29 25 11 36 101 1281999 4 3 2 5 9 36 13 19 11 30 73 1092000 3 2 0 2 5 21 10 17 9 17 53 742001 3 6 1 7 10 20 13 20 12 21 66 862002 2 1 1 2 4 12 2 21 12 31 66 781998-2002 average 3 3 1 3 6 23 13 20 11 27 72 95

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 67 -58 -50 -55 -29 -63 -89 -28 2 -25 -35 -421998-2002 average 117 8 -60 -23 7 -28 -29 -30 -7 -35 -29 -29

East Ayrshire1994-98 average 4 6 3 8 12 27 29 27 14 44 114 1401998 2 5 0 5 7 22 27 21 7 43 98 1201999 3 5 0 5 8 30 25 26 14 32 97 1272000 2 3 1 4 6 14 16 27 10 19 72 862001 4 11 0 11 15 18 33 20 10 24 87 1052002 4 7 0 7 11 19 22 20 7 24 73 921998-2002 average 3 6 0 6 9 21 25 23 10 28 85 106

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 11 25 -100 -17 -8 -29 -24 -25 -51 -45 -36 -341998-2002 average -17 11 -93 -24 -22 -23 -15 -14 -32 -35 -25 -25

128

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Non built-up Built-up

East Renfrewshire1994-98 average 37 21 42 43 128 235 2721998 14 10 44 53 140 247 2611999 18 23 32 56 147 258 2762000 23 11 47 52 112 222 2452001 10 14 37 56 86 193 2032002 19 11 36 37 85 169 1881998-2002 average 17 14 39 51 114 218 235

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -49 -49 -15 -14 -33 -28 -311998-2002 average -55 -36 -8 18 -11 -7 -14

North Lanarkshire1994-98 average 193 133 121 270 594 1,118 1,3111998 228 172 151 283 600 1,206 1,4341999 197 129 104 274 573 1,080 1,2772000 201 118 127 289 643 1,177 1,3782001 172 136 122 289 587 1,134 1,3062002 168 117 105 238 493 953 1,1211998-2002 average 193 134 122 275 579 1,110 1,303

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -13 -12 -14 -12 -17 -15 -141998-2002 average 0 1 0 2 -3 -1 -1

South Lanarkshire1994-98 average 234 225 149 226 494 1,093 1,3271998 299 191 150 263 513 1,117 1,4161999 283 205 172 211 479 1,067 1,3502000 282 201 126 214 434 975 1,2572001 209 191 121 182 475 969 1,1782002 221 202 138 162 462 964 1,1851998-2002 average 259 198 141 206 473 1,018 1,277

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -6 -10 -7 -28 -7 -12 -111998-2002 average 11 -12 -5 -9 -4 -7 -4

North Ayrshire1994-98 average 145 71 98 49 177 395 5401998 120 78 100 48 173 399 5191999 128 60 99 46 159 364 4922000 110 68 86 48 131 333 4432001 118 56 94 58 135 343 4612002 116 41 79 44 143 307 4231998-2002 average 118 61 92 49 148 349 468

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -20 -42 -19 -10 -19 -22 -221998-2002 average -18 -14 -7 0 -16 -12 -13

East Ayrshire1994-98 average 98 99 89 59 154 402 5001998 95 101 67 47 145 360 4551999 105 102 100 50 126 378 4832000 66 82 100 46 123 351 4172001 67 120 106 42 135 403 4702002 71 97 73 52 142 364 4351998-2002 average 81 100 89 47 134 371 452

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -28 -2 -18 -12 -8 -9 -131998-2002 average -18 1 0 -20 -13 -8 -10

129

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002

Trunk Local Authority Total Total Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Non Built-up Local All Local AllCouncil built-up Authority Roads Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Killed

Non built-up Built-up

Killed & Serious

South Ayrshire1994-98 average 3 2 1 3 6 37 15 20 18 30 83 1201998 3 5 0 5 8 34 15 24 17 30 86 1201999 2 0 2 2 4 27 14 28 27 38 107 1342000 3 1 1 2 5 29 14 16 18 26 74 1032001 3 4 3 7 10 22 12 23 6 12 53 752002 6 4 0 4 10 40 13 15 11 27 66 1061998-2002 average 3 3 1 4 7 30 14 21 16 27 77 108

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 131 100 -100 25 72 8 -13 -25 -40 -9 -20 -121998-2002 31 40 0 25 28 -18 -9 6 -13 -11 -7 -10

Dumfries & Galloway1994-98 average 14 7 1 8 22 89 38 45 16 26 125 2141998 11 5 1 6 17 71 37 44 15 22 118 1891999 8 5 0 5 13 63 23 46 11 10 90 1532000 6 7 1 8 14 58 34 45 11 16 106 1642001 3 10 0 10 13 50 30 23 4 22 79 1292002 14 4 0 4 18 62 21 20 8 17 66 1281998-2002 average 8 6 0 7 15 61 29 36 10 17 92 153

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 0 -44 -100 -52 -20 -30 -45 -56 -50 -34 -47 -401998-2002 average -40 -14 -67 -21 -33 -32 -24 -21 -39 -33 -27 -29

Scotland1994-98 average 120 149 109 258 378 949 868 652 775 1,593 3,889 4,8381998 115 150 120 270 385 885 877 625 660 1,410 3,572 4,4571999 81 132 97 229 310 757 753 593 609 1,363 3,318 4,0752000 118 118 90 208 326 822 674 595 562 1,240 3,071 3,8932001 97 163 88 251 348 769 774 533 489 1,190 2,986 3,7552002 110 125 70 195 305 691 687 514 525 1,101 2,827 3,5181998-2002 average 104 138 93 231 335 785 753 572 569 1,261 3,155 3,940

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -8 -16 -36 -24 -19 -27 -21 -21 -32 -31 -27 -271998-2002 average -13 -8 -15 -11 -11 -17 -13 -12 -27 -21 -19 -19

130

Table 36 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force, council, severity and road type

Years: 1994-1998 and 1998-2002 averages, 1998-2002All Severities

Trunk Local Authority Total TotalPolice force/ Local AllCouncil Major Minor Major Minor Authority Roads

Non built-up Built-up

South Ayrshire1994-98 average 136 62 75 83 114 334 4691998 106 52 93 69 119 333 4391999 129 75 96 91 128 390 5192000 112 59 89 84 136 368 4802001 101 68 98 90 104 360 4612002 131 32 93 80 117 322 4531998-2002 average 116 57 94 83 121 355 470

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -3 -48 25 -4 3 -4 -31998-2002 average -15 -8 26 0 6 6 0

Dumfries & Galloway1994-98 average 234 107 129 61 93 389 6231998 244 102 143 62 90 397 6411999 197 100 155 57 88 400 5972000 200 104 154 72 91 421 6212001 200 112 111 54 101 378 5782002 221 75 117 54 121 367 5881998-2002 average 212 99 136 60 98 393 605

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -6 -30 -9 -11 31 -6 -61998-2002 average -9 -8 5 -1 6 1 -3

Scotland1994-98 average 3,676 3,171 2,557 4,328 8,585 18,640 22,3161998 3,734 3,337 2,608 4,307 8,481 18,733 22,4671999 3,471 2,965 2,650 3,774 8,143 17,532 21,0032000 3,429 2,819 2,491 3,707 8,062 17,079 20,5082001 3,482 2,889 2,334 3,515 7,686 16,424 19,9062002 3,225 2,722 2,349 3,473 7,479 16,023 19,2481998-2002 average 3,468 2,946 2,486 3,755 7,970 17,158 20,626

% change on 1994-1998 average2002 -12 -14 -8 -20 -13 -14 -141998-2002 average -6 -7 -3 -13 -7 -8 -8

131

Table 37 Casualties

Casualties by police force area, council and severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 2002

1994-98 average Numbers in 2002 1998-2002 averagePolice force Killed & All Killed & All Killed & AllCouncil Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Northern 38 412 1,353 27 258 1,108 38 349 1,277Highland 29 342 1,125 23 213 927 31 293 1,077Orkney Islands 2 17 52 - 9 63 2 15 55Shetland Islands 3 24 82 2 15 40 2 16 58Eilean Siar 3 29 94 2 21 78 3 25 87

Grampian 50 395 1,971 50 313 1,532 49 345 1,657Aberdeen City 9 112 716 6 70 479 8 83 552Aberdeenshire 30 215 959 32 182 819 30 202 845Moray 11 69 296 12 61 234 11 60 260

Tayside 36 508 1,772 27 341 1,583 34 416 1,657Dundee City 5 124 515 3 74 473 6 91 477Angus 9 149 508 7 96 502 9 122 473Perth & Kinross 21 236 749 17 171 608 19 203 707

Fife 21 266 1,064 29 278 1,080 20 234 1,039

Lothian & Borders 61 635 4,453 38 536 3,923 52 554 4,245Edinburgh, City of 18 290 2,392 12 221 1,976 18 243 2,227West Lothian 14 122 763 5 67 663 11 93 716Midlothian 4 55 354 3 61 319 4 53 342East Lothian 7 55 316 9 61 333 6 54 341Scottish Borders 18 115 627 9 126 632 13 111 619

Central 20 290 1,073 24 254 988 19 241 974Clackmannanshire 2 42 138 4 44 134 3 36 126Stirling 10 142 454 8 107 404 9 120 406Falkirk 8 106 482 12 103 450 7 84 442

Strathclyde 131 2,117 10,006 92 1,410 8,446 108 1,648 9,172Glasgow, City of 27 570 3,110 13 392 2,669 21 436 2,820Argyll & Bute 13 175 556 8 132 457 13 145 485West Dunbartonshire 7 85 402 1 49 298 5 62 347East Dunbartonshire 2 68 356 1 40 295 2 50 324Inverclyde 2 70 405 3 38 284 3 49 334Renfrewshire 11 157 758 6 97 638 7 117 657East Renfrewshire 6 58 272 2 42 188 2 44 235North Lanarkshire 19 276 1,311 15 155 1,121 14 209 1,303South Lanarkshire 20 264 1,327 18 189 1,185 17 227 1,277North Ayrshire 6 133 540 4 78 423 6 95 468East Ayrshire 12 140 500 11 92 435 9 106 452South Ayrshire 6 120 469 10 106 453 7 108 470

Dumfries & Galloway 22 214 623 18 128 588 15 153 605

Scotland 378 4,838 22,316 305 3,518 19,248 335 3,940 20,626

132

Table 37 (continued) Casualties

Casualties by police force area, council and severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 2002

2002 % change 2002on 1994-98 average

Police force Killed & All Killed & All Killed & AllCouncil Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Northern -29 -37 -18 -2 -15 -6 0.10 0.94 4.02Highland -22 -38 -18 7 -14 -4 0.11 1.02 4.45Orkney Islands -100 -47 20 -33 -12 4 - 0.47 3.28Shetland Islands -33 -36 -51 -40 -32 -29 0.09 0.68 1.82Eilean Siar -41 -28 -17 -18 -16 -7 0.08 0.80 2.98

Grampian - -21 -22 -1 -13 -16 0.10 0.60 2.93Aberdeen City -36 -37 -33 -17 -26 -23 0.03 0.33 2.29Aberdeenshire 7 -15 -15 2 -6 -12 0.14 0.80 3.60Moray 13 -11 -21 4 -12 -12 0.14 0.70 2.70

Tayside -24 -33 -11 -6 -18 -6 0.07 0.88 4.09Dundee City -44 -40 -8 4 -26 -7 0.02 0.51 3.28Angus -24 -35 -1 -2 -18 -7 0.06 0.89 4.64Perth & Kinross -19 -27 -19 -10 -14 -6 0.13 1.27 4.50

Fife 41 4 1 -2 -12 -2 0.08 0.79 3.08

Lothian & Borders -38 -16 -12 -14 -13 -5 0.04 0.60 4.42Edinburgh, City of -33 -24 -17 -1 -16 -7 0.03 0.49 4.41West Lothian -65 -45 -13 -21 -24 -6 0.03 0.42 4.14Midlothian -25 12 -10 5 -3 -4 0.04 0.76 3.96East Lothian 36 12 5 -3 -1 8 0.10 0.67 3.67Scottish Borders -51 10 1 -30 -3 -1 0.08 1.17 5.88

Central 20 -12 -8 -5 -17 -9 0.09 0.91 3.53Clackmannanshire 100 4 -3 60 -14 -8 0.08 0.92 2.80Stirling -17 -25 -11 -8 -15 -11 0.09 1.24 4.69Falkirk 43 -2 -7 -17 -20 -8 0.08 0.71 3.09

Strathclyde -30 -33 -16 -17 -22 -8 0.04 0.64 3.83Glasgow, City of -52 -31 -14 -23 -23 -9 0.02 0.68 4.62Argyll & Bute -40 -25 -18 0 -17 -13 0.09 1.45 5.02West Dunbartonshire -85 -42 -26 -18 -26 -14 0.01 0.53 3.21East Dunbartonshire -58 -41 -17 0 -26 -9 0.01 0.37 2.75Inverclyde 25 -46 -30 17 -31 -18 0.04 0.45 3.40Renfrewshire -43 -38 -16 -30 -26 -13 0.03 0.56 3.71East Renfrewshire -64 -28 -31 -61 -24 -14 0.02 0.47 2.10North Lanarkshire -23 -44 -14 -29 -24 -1 0.05 0.48 3.49South Lanarkshire -9 -29 -11 -15 -14 -4 0.06 0.63 3.92North Ayrshire -29 -42 -22 7 -29 -13 0.03 0.58 3.12East Ayrshire -8 -34 -13 -22 -25 -10 0.09 0.77 3.63South Ayrshire 72 -12 -3 28 -10 0 0.09 0.95 4.06

Dumfries & Galloway -20 -40 -6 -33 -29 -3 0.12 0.87 3.99

Scotland -19 -27 -14 -11 -19 -8 0.06 0.70 3.81

on 1994-98 ave1998-2002 ave % change

Rates per thousand population

133

Table 38 Casualties

Pedestrian casualties by police force area, council and severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 2002

1994-98 average Numbers in 2002 1998-2002 averagePolice force Killed & All Killed & All Killed & AllCouncil Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Northern 5 49 132 4 29 87 5 36 108 Highland 2 38 102 4 21 73 4 29 90 Orkney Islands 1 3 8 - 1 3 - 2 5 Shetland Islands 1 4 9 - 4 5 - 3 5 Eilean Siar 1 4 13 - 3 6 - 3 8

Grampian 10 83 345 6 40 202 8 61 259 Aberdeen City 4 49 214 4 20 118 4 34 151 Aberdeenshire 5 24 92 1 12 58 3 21 81 Moray 1 10 39 1 8 26 1 7 27

Tayside 8 112 311 5 63 229 6 77 256 Dundee City 3 62 166 3 26 108 2 37 126 Angus 1 22 72 1 17 64 2 17 64 Perth & Kinross 3 27 73 1 20 57 2 23 66

Fife 4 64 188 6 50 148 4 52 167

Lothian & Borders 20 204 934 13 144 764 15 158 803 Edinburgh, City of 10 136 634 8 98 529 10 112 563 West Lothian 4 28 112 1 16 76 2 19 87 Midlothian 1 16 67 1 8 56 1 8 52 East Lothian 2 13 58 1 12 55 1 9 52 Scottish Borders 3 11 63 2 10 48 1 9 49

Central 7 73 175 6 52 139 5 51 140 Clackmannanshire 1 16 38 - 9 24 1 9 26 Stirling 2 22 51 2 13 44 1 16 41 Falkirk 4 34 87 4 30 71 3 26 72

Strathclyde 50 765 2,229 30 490 1,654 36 566 1,833 Glasgow, City of 18 312 965 10 221 766 13 238 805 Argyll & Bute 2 16 45 - 10 31 - 13 39 West Dunbartonshire 3 31 89 - 16 59 2 23 71 East Dunbartonshire 1 20 56 - 14 51 1 14 52 Inverclyde 1 30 106 3 16 50 2 20 78 Renfrewshire 5 58 164 2 32 104 3 39 121 East Renfrewshire 1 19 50 - 10 29 - 13 41 North Lanarkshire 8 104 283 8 59 214 7 75 242 South Lanarkshire 6 74 222 1 46 171 3 56 179 North Ayrshire 1 37 101 2 25 68 2 25 76 East Ayrshire 2 37 81 1 21 63 1 25 69 South Ayrshire 2 26 66 3 20 48 1 23 60

Dumfries & Galloway 1 28 71 3 18 86 2 18 66

Scotland 104 1,376 4,385 73 886 3,309 81 1,020 3,631

134

Table 38 (continued) Casualties

Pedestrian casualties by police force area, council and severityYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 2002

2002 % change 2002on 1994-98 average

Police force Killed & All Killed & All Killed & AllCouncil Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities Killed Serious Severities

Northern -13 -41 -34 4 -26 -18 .01 .11 .32Highland 67 -44 -29 67 -23 -12 .02 .10 .35Orkney Islands - -69 -62 -33 -38 -33 - .05 .16Shetland Islands - -5 -44 - -38 -42 - .18 .23Eilean Siar - -25 -55 -50 -30 -42 - .11 .23

Grampian -41 -52 -41 -22 -26 -25 .01 .08 .39Aberdeen City -9 -59 -45 - -31 -29 .02 .10 .56Aberdeenshire -79 -50 -37 -42 -13 -12 .00 .05 .26Moray - -22 -33 -20 -33 -31 .01 .09 .30

Tayside -34 -44 -26 -21 -31 -18 .01 .16 .59Dundee City -6 -58 -35 -31 -41 -24 .02 .18 .75Angus - -24 -11 80 -24 -11 .01 .16 .59Perth & Kinross -71 -25 -22 -41 -14 -10 .01 .15 .42

Fife 50 -22 -21 -5 -19 -11 .02 .14 .42

Lothian & Borders -34 -29 -18 -24 -22 -14 .01 .16 .86Edinburgh, City of -23 -28 -17 -4 -18 -11 .02 .22 1.18West Lothian -72 -43 -32 -39 -31 -23 .01 .10 .48Midlothian 25 -51 -17 - -48 -23 .01 .10 .70East Lothian -55 -8 -5 -64 -29 -10 .01 .13 .61Scottish Borders -29 -7 -23 -57 -15 -22 .02 .09 .45

Central -12 -28 -21 -21 -29 -20 .02 .19 .50Clackmannanshire - -44 -36 25 -44 -30 - .19 .50Stirling 0 -42 -13 -40 -29 -19 .02 .15 .51Falkirk 0 -12 -18 -20 -22 -17 .03 .21 .49

Strathclyde -40 -36 -26 -28 -26 -18 .01 .22 .75Glasgow, City of -45 -29 -21 -26 -24 -17 .02 .38 1.33Argyll & Bute - -39 -32 -75 -21 -15 - .11 .34West Dunbartonshire - -49 -34 -8 -27 -20 - .17 .64East Dunbartonshire - -31 -10 75 -29 -7 - .13 .48Inverclyde 150 -46 -53 67 -31 -26 .04 .19 .60Renfrewshire -57 -45 -37 -39 -32 -27 .01 .19 .60East Renfrewshire - -47 -42 -75 -32 -19 - .11 .32North Lanarkshire -5 -43 -24 -17 -28 -14 .02 .18 .67South Lanarkshire -84 -38 -23 -56 -25 -19 .00 .15 .57North Ayrshire 43 -32 -33 43 -31 -25 .01 .18 .50East Ayrshire -58 -44 -22 -75 -33 -15 .01 .18 .53South Ayrshire 50 -22 -27 -30 -9 -9 .03 .18 .43

Dumfries & Galloway 275 -35 21 125 -37 -7 .02 .12 .58

Scotland -30 -36 -25 -22 -26 -17 .01 .18 .65

on 1994-98 ave Rates per thousand population1998-2002 ave % change

135

Table 39 Casualties

Estimated distance between the home of the casualty and the location of theaccident, by road user typeexcluding cases for which the distance cannot be estimated: Scottish residents onlyYear: 2002

All casualties

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50

Distance from home (km)

Number of casualties

Car users

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50

Distance from home (km)

Motor cycle users

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50

Distance from home (km)

Pedal cycle users

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50

Di stance from home (km)

Pedestrians

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

0-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-20 >20-50 >50Distance from home (km )

Number of casualties

Number of casualties

Number of casualties

Number of casualties

136

Table 39 Casualties

Estimated distance(1) between the home of the casualty and the location of theaccident, by road user type and police force area in which the accident occurredYear: 2002

Lothian DumfriesNorthern Grampian Tayside Fife & Borders Central Strathclyde & Galloway Total

PedestrianPostcode blank, invalid or not known 24 20 7 17 129 23 317 18 555 Casualty from elsewhere in the UK 6 2 - 3 14 - 3 7 35 Scottish casualty, distance not known 1 - 1 2 1 2 58 - 65 Non - UK casualty 1 4 - - - 1 4 - 10 Up to 2 km 35 125 150 88 418 87 882 33 1,818 Over 2 up to 5 km 4 25 32 18 81 12 172 9 353 Over 5 up to 10 km 3 12 13 13 51 7 102 9 210 Over 10 up to 20 km 2 5 5 3 36 3 74 5 133 Over 20 up to 50 km 2 4 15 4 21 3 33 4 86 Over 50 km 9 5 6 - 13 1 9 1 44 Total 87 202 229 148 764 139 1,654 86 3,309

Pedal cycle userPostcode blank, invalid or not known 16 2 2 1 22 1 40 8 92 Casualty from elsewhere in the UK 3 - - - - - 3 - 6 Scottish casualty, distance not known 1 - - - - - 9 - 10 Non - UK casualty - 2 - - - - - - 2 Up to 2 km 14 48 46 18 151 22 151 10 460 Over 2 up to 5 km 5 10 9 6 62 8 44 1 145 Over 5 up to 10 km 2 7 3 3 19 3 18 - 55 Over 10 up to 20 km 1 5 - - 9 - 15 - 30 Over 20 up to 50 km 1 2 2 - 4 - 3 2 14 Over 50 km 8 - 1 - 3 - 1 1 14 Total 51 76 63 28 270 34 284 22 828

Motor cycle userPostcode blank, invalid or not known 29 10 3 7 10 10 64 10 143 Casualty from elsewhere in the UK 12 2 - - 15 - 5 3 37 Scottish casualty, distance not known 2 - 1 1 - - 9 - 13 Non - UK casualty 12 1 1 - - 2 1 - 17 Up to 2 km 8 36 19 18 61 11 79 9 241 Over 2 up to 5 km 8 26 15 21 44 14 68 1 197 Over 5 up to 10 km 5 29 11 13 44 10 39 1 152 Over 10 up to 20 km 6 21 12 11 37 8 47 4 146 Over 20 up to 50 km 12 17 21 10 19 13 25 3 120 Over 50 km 26 5 20 1 11 9 21 5 98 Total 120 147 103 82 241 77 358 36 1,164

Car userPostcode blank, invalid or not known 185 52 49 55 143 90 814 75 1,463 Casualty from elsewhere in the UK 46 27 19 15 76 18 128 36 365 Scottish casualty, distance not known 4 1 2 8 3 5 191 7 221 Non - UK casualty 41 3 4 - - 5 18 - 71 Up to 2 km 59 188 200 148 423 146 1,206 48 2,418 Over 2 up to 5 km 65 176 209 143 423 127 954 44 2,141 Over 5 up to 10 km 65 167 151 138 373 91 762 56 1,803 Over 10 up to 20 km 76 154 157 121 311 70 577 41 1,507 Over 20 up to 50 km 66 159 116 73 235 69 412 29 1,159 Over 50 km 162 69 93 23 105 27 148 47 674 Total 769 996 1,000 724 2,092 648 5,210 383 11,822

Other (2)

Postcode blank, invalid or not known 22 13 24 17 62 24 195 9 366 Casualty from elsewhere in the UK 6 8 2 3 21 2 31 31 104 Scottish casualty, distance not known - 1 - - 2 2 34 1 40 Non - UK casualty 4 1 - - - 1 2 - 8 Up to 2 km 8 17 24 16 133 19 183 5 405 Over 2 up to 5 km 5 14 15 21 108 17 175 3 358 Over 5 up to 10 km 3 10 16 17 76 8 148 3 281 Over 10 up to 20 km 3 17 53 10 67 7 89 2 248 Over 20 up to 50 km 4 14 20 12 54 5 56 3 168 Over 50 km 26 16 34 2 33 5 27 4 147 Total 81 111 188 98 556 90 940 61 2,125

All casualtiesPostcode blank, invalid or not known 276 97 85 97 366 148 1,430 120 2,619 Casualty from elsewhere in the UK 73 39 21 21 126 20 170 77 547 Scottish casualty, distance not known 8 2 4 11 6 9 301 8 349 Non - UK casualty 58 11 5 - - 9 25 - 108 Up to 2 km 124 414 439 288 1,186 285 2,501 105 5,342 Over 2 up to 5 km 87 251 280 209 718 178 1,413 58 3,194 Over 5 up to 10 km 78 225 194 184 563 119 1,069 69 2,501 Over 10 up to 20 km 88 202 227 145 460 88 802 52 2,064 Over 20 up to 50 km 85 196 174 99 333 90 529 41 1,547 Over 50 km 231 95 154 26 165 42 206 58 977 Total 1,108 1,532 1,583 1,080 3,923 988 8,446 588 19,248

1. Estimated using the postcode of the casualty's home, if available - please see Annex B.2. 'Other' includes taxis, minibus, bus or coach, etc.

137

Table 40 CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualtiesand all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

NorthernHighland

1994-98 average 12 24 35 169 172 342 1994 13 22 35 168 141 309 1995 15 24 39 180 169 349 1996 15 27 42 195 196 391 1997 9 18 27 146 170 316 1998 6 27 33 158 186 344 1999 10 15 25 145 140 285 2000 4 17 21 135 147 282 2001 10 20 30 175 168 343 2002 11 17 28 114 99 213 1998-2002 average 8 19 27 145 148 293

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -5 -28 -20 -33 -43 -38 1998-2002 average -29 -19 -22 -14 -14 -14

Orkney Islands1994-98 average - 3 3 - 17 17 1994 - 5 5 - 19 19 1995 - 4 4 - 20 20 1996 - 1 1 - 10 10 1997 - 2 2 - 19 19 1998 - 1 1 - 17 17 1999 - 3 3 - 32 32 2000 - - - - 7 7 2001 - - - - 10 10 2002 - - - - 9 9 1998-2002 average - 1 1 - 15 15

% change on 1994-98 average2002 .. -100 -100 .. -47 -47 1998-2002 average .. -69 -69 .. -12 -12

Shetland Islands1994-98 average - 4 4 - 24 24 1994 - 1 1 - 25 25 1995 - 8 8 - 24 24 1996 - 6 6 - 22 22 1997 - 1 1 - 26 26 1998 - 2 2 - 21 21 1999 - 3 3 - 18 18 2000 - - - - 10 10 2001 - 2 2 - 16 16 2002 - 5 5 - 15 15 1998-2002 average - 2 2 - 16 16

% change on 1994-98 average2002 .. 39 39 .. -36 -36 1998-2002 average .. -33 -33 .. -32 -32

Eilean Siar1994-98 average - 5 5 - 29 29 1994 - 5 5 - 32 32 1995 - 3 3 - 15 15 1996 - 7 7 - 38 38 1997 - 2 2 - 27 27 1998 - 6 6 - 34 34 1999 - 2 2 - 31 31 2000 - 2 2 - 14 14 2001 - 3 3 - 23 23 2002 - 1 1 - 21 21 1998-2002 average - 3 3 - 25 25

% change on 1994-98 average2002 .. -78 -78 .. -28 -28 1998-2002 average .. -39 -39 .. -16 -16

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

138

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council and road type (1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

GrampianAberdeen City

1994-98 average 1 15 16 9 103 1121994 - 19 19 5 123 1281995 - 12 12 9 110 1191996 3 16 19 6 102 1081997 2 12 14 11 85 961998 1 17 18 12 95 1071999 1 12 13 4 83 872000 - 9 9 8 76 842001 - 8 8 11 56 672002 1 2 3 10 60 701998-2002 average 1 10 10 9 74 83

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -17 -87 -82 16 -42 -37 1998-2002 average -50 -37 -38 5 -28 -26

Aberdeenshire1994-98 average 2 17 19 44 171 2151994 1 17 18 41 158 1991995 3 13 16 46 159 2051996 2 15 17 37 184 2211997 3 17 20 55 170 2251998 2 22 24 41 184 2251999 2 15 17 44 149 1932000 2 16 18 45 176 2212001 1 11 12 39 149 1882002 - 13 13 25 157 1821998-2002 average 1 15 17 39 163 202

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -23 -32 -43 -8 -15 1998-2002 average -36 -8 -12 -12 -5 -6

Moray1994-98 average 2 7 9 22 47 691994 5 6 11 25 45 701995 1 4 5 23 43 661996 1 14 15 13 42 551997 1 6 7 27 52 791998 1 6 7 22 52 741999 - 5 5 11 23 342000 1 4 5 26 40 662001 1 7 8 19 47 662002 5 5 10 20 41 611998-2002 average 2 5 7 20 41 60

% change on 1994-98 average2002 178 -31 11 -9 -12 -11 1998-2002 average -11 -25 -22 -11 -13 -13

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

139

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council and road type (1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

TaysideDundee City

1994-98 average 1 34 35 9 115 1241994 2 40 42 6 145 1511995 - 33 33 9 125 1341996 3 39 42 9 106 1151997 2 33 35 11 104 1151998 - 25 25 9 96 1051999 2 20 22 14 87 1012000 1 15 16 10 68 782001 1 18 19 17 81 982002 - 20 20 2 72 741998-2002 average 1 20 20 10 81 91

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -41 -44 -77 -38 -40 1998-2002 average -43 -42 -42 18 -30 -26

Angus1994-98 average 1 20 21 21 128 1491994 1 25 26 17 124 1411995 - 21 21 20 134 1541996 1 19 20 28 123 1511997 1 15 16 21 129 1501998 1 20 21 18 129 1471999 2 12 14 15 117 1322000 1 16 17 11 105 1162001 1 17 18 22 96 1182002 - 12 12 11 85 961998-2002 average 1 15 16 15 106 122

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -40 -42 -47 -33 -35 1998-2002 average 25 -23 -21 -26 -17 -18

Perth & Kinross1994-98 average 4 17 21 82 154 2361994 4 19 23 110 171 2811995 6 18 24 73 138 2111996 5 15 20 71 154 2251997 4 20 24 71 140 2111998 2 13 15 83 168 2511999 3 17 20 74 117 1912000 2 18 20 64 114 1782001 7 17 24 87 137 2242002 1 17 18 35 136 1711998-2002 average 3 16 19 69 134 203

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -76 0 -15 -57 -12 -27 1998-2002 average -29 -4 -8 -16 -13 -14

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

140

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council and road type (1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

Fife1994-98 average 3 41 44 36 231 2661994 1 47 48 28 250 2781995 7 48 55 39 268 3071996 5 40 45 41 217 2581997 - 37 37 41 229 2701998 3 34 37 29 190 2191999 - 36 36 11 181 1922000 3 35 38 42 207 2492001 - 31 31 28 204 2322002 2 26 28 45 233 2781998-2002 average 2 32 34 31 203 234

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -38 -37 -37 26 1 41998-2002 average -50 -21 -23 -13 -12 -12

Lothian & BordersEdinburgh, City of

1994-98 average 0 45 45 8 281 2901994 - 71 71 7 437 4441995 1 69 70 9 339 3481996 - 35 35 14 225 2391997 - 27 27 3 201 2041998 1 21 22 9 205 2141999 - 41 41 6 232 2382000 - 52 52 7 267 2742001 - 38 38 7 261 2682002 - 32 32 4 217 2211998-2002 average 0 37 37 7 236 243

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -28 -29 -52 -23 -24 1998-2002 average -50 -17 -18 -21 -16 -16

West Lothian1994-98 average 1 20 21 9 113 1221994 4 30 34 10 133 1431995 3 26 29 17 142 1591996 - 11 11 5 62 671997 - 12 12 1 111 1121998 - 20 20 10 117 1271999 - 12 12 3 74 772000 - 13 13 7 87 942001 - 22 22 10 88 982002 - 10 10 2 65 671998-2002 average - 15 15 6 86 93

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -49 -53 -77 -42 -45 1998-2002 average -100 -22 -27 -26 -24 -24

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).

(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

141

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualtiesand all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

Midlothian1994-98 average 2 9 11 12 42 551994 3 15 18 18 47 651995 - 12 12 4 50 541996 3 9 12 12 41 531997 2 6 8 8 36 441998 - 3 3 20 37 571999 - 2 2 8 35 432000 1 5 6 15 48 632001 1 4 5 10 31 412002 - 5 5 18 43 611998-2002 average 0 4 4 14 39 53

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -44 -53 45 2 121998-2002 average -75 -58 -60 15 -8 -3

East Lothian1994-98 average 0 8 8 10 44 551994 - 11 11 14 44 581995 - 11 11 18 58 761996 - 5 5 4 47 511997 2 6 8 14 40 541998 - 6 6 2 32 341999 - 7 7 14 46 602000 - 9 9 14 56 702001 - 4 4 9 37 462002 1 8 9 24 37 611998-2002 average 0 7 7 13 42 54

% change on 1994-98 average2002 150 3 10 131 -16 121998-2002 average -50 -13 -15 21 -6 -1

Scottish Borders1994-98 average 1 7 9 27 88 1151994 2 15 17 40 113 1531995 2 9 11 30 95 1251996 - 3 3 23 76 991997 2 4 6 19 91 1101998 1 6 7 23 63 861999 2 10 12 20 108 1282000 - 13 13 29 85 1142001 - 4 4 10 93 1032002 3 8 11 23 103 1261998-2002 average 1 8 9 21 90 111

% change on 1994-98 average2002 114 8 25 -15 18 101998-2002 average -14 11 7 -22 3 -3

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

142

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualtiesand all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

CentralClackmannanshire

1994-98 average - 13 13 0 42 421994 - 17 17 - 52 521995 - 15 15 - 47 471996 - 10 10 1 35 361997 - 13 13 - 47 471998 - 9 9 - 30 301999 - 6 6 - 31 312000 - 6 6 2 40 422001 - 3 3 - 35 352002 - 8 8 - 44 441998-2002 average - 6 6 0 36 36

% change on 1994-98 average2002 .. -38 -38 -100 4 41998-2002 average .. -50 -50 100 -15 -14

Stirling1994-98 average 3 13 16 42 100 1421994 3 17 20 39 122 1611995 3 16 19 31 113 1441996 3 13 16 44 89 1331997 2 11 13 35 92 1271998 3 10 13 61 83 1441999 2 11 13 29 102 1312000 3 10 13 39 71 1102001 2 10 12 39 69 1082002 - 7 7 23 84 1071998-2002 average 2 10 12 38 82 120

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -48 -57 -45 -16 -25 1998-2002 average -29 -28 -28 -9 -18 -15

Falkirk1994-98 average 1 23 23 13 93 1061994 1 27 28 19 116 1351995 - 19 19 11 80 911996 - 28 28 10 114 1241997 1 18 19 18 86 1041998 2 21 23 5 69 741999 - 9 9 3 72 752000 - 15 15 3 76 792001 - 17 17 13 77 902002 - 17 17 15 88 1031998-2002 average 0 16 16 8 76 84

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -25 -27 19 -5 -2 1998-2002 average -50 -30 -31 -38 -18 -20

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

143

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

StrathclydeGlasgow City

1994-98 average 2 143 145 24 547 570 1994 4 165 169 48 635 683 1995 1 165 166 22 647 669 1996 3 138 141 10 449 459 1997 3 127 130 25 490 515 1998 1 119 120 13 513 526 1999 1 125 126 21 458 479 2000 - 82 82 34 352 386 2001 1 92 93 15 384 399 2002 1 79 80 20 372 392 1998-2002 average 1 99 100 21 416 436

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -58 -45 -45 -15 -32 -31 1998-2002 average -67 -30 -31 -13 -24 -23

Argyll & Bute1994-98 average 4 12 16 80 95 175 1994 2 11 13 85 114 199 1995 5 13 18 79 104 183 1996 4 9 13 90 85 175 1997 9 16 25 68 84 152 1998 - 11 11 77 89 166 1999 3 8 11 57 114 171 2000 6 13 19 68 70 138 2001 3 4 7 54 65 119 2002 9 13 22 69 63 132 1998-2002 average 4 10 14 65 80 145

% change on 1994-98 average2002 125 8 38 -14 -34 -25 1998-2002 average 5 -18 -13 -19 -16 -17

West Dunbartonshire1994-98 average 1 18 19 18 67 85 1994 - 18 18 16 87 103 1995 2 23 25 17 79 96 1996 2 21 23 15 52 67 1997 - 16 16 17 50 67 1998 - 14 14 25 65 90 1999 1 11 12 19 44 63 2000 - 16 16 14 42 56 2001 2 14 16 11 42 53 2002 - 9 9 2 47 49 1998-2002 average 1 13 13 14 48 62

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -51 -53 -89 -29 -42 1998-2002 average -25 -30 -30 -21 -28 -26

East Dunbartonshire1994-98 average - 16 16 0 67 68 1994 - 26 26 - 79 79 1995 - 21 21 - 88 88 1996 - 8 8 - 50 50 1997 - 16 16 1 61 62 1998 - 11 11 1 58 59 1999 - 14 14 - 65 65 2000 - 9 9 - 44 44 2001 - 8 8 - 43 43 2002 - 9 9 - 40 40 1998-2002 average - 10 10 0 50 50

% change on 1994-98 average2002 .. -45 -45 -100 -40 -41 1998-2002 average .. -38 -38 -50 -26 -26

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

144

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

Inverclyde1994-98 average 1 15 16 19 51 70 1994 1 15 16 15 60 75 1995 1 20 21 24 72 96 1996 2 9 11 21 34 55 1997 - 19 19 17 40 57 1998 1 10 11 16 51 67 1999 - 8 8 12 43 55 2000 2 8 10 8 32 40 2001 2 8 10 14 29 43 2002 3 3 6 19 19 38 1998-2002 average 2 7 9 14 35 49

% change on 1994-98 average2002 200 -79 -62 2 -63 -46 1998-2002 average 60 -49 -42 -26 -32 -31

Renfrewshire1994-98 average 1 34 35 18 139 157 1994 1 47 48 16 167 183 1995 - 42 42 34 181 215 1996 - 21 21 18 108 126 1997 1 34 35 16 125 141 1998 1 27 28 6 115 121 1999 - 19 19 15 105 120 2000 5 17 22 31 92 123 2001 - 18 18 17 105 122 2002 - 20 20 15 82 97 1998-2002 average 1 20 21 17 100 117

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -42 -43 -17 -41 -38 1998-2002 average 100 -41 -39 -7 -28 -26

East Renfrewshire1994-98 average 1 11 11 10 48 58 1994 - 11 11 13 52 65 1995 2 14 16 13 65 78 1996 - 8 8 11 36 47 1997 1 13 14 8 41 49 1998 - 8 8 4 48 52 1999 - 6 6 2 43 45 2000 - 9 9 3 41 44 2001 - 7 7 3 36 39 2002 1 6 7 6 36 42 1998-2002 average 0 7 7 4 41 44

% change on 1994-98 average2002 67 -44 -39 -39 -26 -28 1998-2002 average -67 -33 -35 -63 -16 -24

North Lanarkshire1994-98 average 1 66 67 38 238 276 1994 - 87 87 50 280 330 1995 2 73 75 42 268 310 1996 - 57 57 30 214 244 1997 2 63 65 37 210 247 1998 1 52 53 31 216 247 1999 2 46 48 26 191 217 2000 - 48 48 30 217 247 2001 4 46 50 25 155 180 2002 - 41 41 20 135 155 1998-2002 average 1 47 48 26 183 209

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -100 -38 -39 -47 -43 -44 1998-2002 average 40 -30 -29 -31 -23 -24

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

145

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualtiesand all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

South Lanarkshire1994-98 average 3 51 54 45 219 264 1994 4 63 67 46 252 298 1995 3 58 61 48 238 286 1996 3 53 56 34 194 228 1997 2 30 32 43 205 248 1998 4 49 53 56 206 262 1999 3 41 44 48 210 258 2000 3 26 29 55 182 237 2001 3 31 34 24 164 188 2002 2 25 27 36 153 189 1998-2002 average 3 34 37 44 183 227

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -38 -51 -50 -21 -30 -29 1998-2002 average -6 -32 -30 -4 -16 -14

North Ayrshire1994-98 average 5 26 31 32 101 133 1994 4 39 43 40 118 158 1995 5 20 25 29 107 136 1996 5 27 32 26 94 120 1997 6 21 27 39 86 125 1998 4 22 26 27 101 128 1999 5 20 25 36 73 109 2000 1 5 6 21 53 74 2001 - 9 9 20 66 86 2002 1 17 18 12 66 78 1998-2002 average 2 15 17 23 72 95

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -79 -34 -41 -63 -35 -42 1998-2002 average -54 -43 -45 -28 -29 -29

East Ayrshire1994-98 average 3 25 28 27 114 140 1994 1 30 31 18 137 155 1995 3 22 25 46 113 159 1996 8 20 28 34 104 138 1997 - 31 31 14 116 130 1998 1 23 24 22 98 120 1999 2 20 22 30 97 127 2000 1 9 10 14 72 86 2001 - 11 11 18 87 105 2002 3 15 18 19 73 92 1998-2002 average 1 16 17 21 85 106

% change on 1994-98 average2002 15 -40 -35 -29 -36 -34 1998-2002 average -46 -38 -39 -23 -25 -25

South Ayrshire1994-98 average 2 18 21 37 83 120 1994 2 25 27 50 102 152 1995 3 22 25 49 90 139 1996 2 13 15 24 67 91 1997 2 16 18 29 70 99 1998 3 15 18 34 86 120 1999 1 18 19 27 107 134 2000 - 12 12 29 74 103 2001 2 8 10 22 53 75 2002 4 9 13 40 66 106 1998-2002 average 2 12 14 30 77 108

% change on 1994-98 average2002 67 -51 -37 8 -20 -12 1998-2002 average -17 -32 -30 -18 -7 -10

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

146

Table 40 (continued) CasualtiesKilled & Seriously injured casualties: child casualties and all ages, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads

Dumfries & Galloway1994-98 average 6 19 25 89 125 214 1994 2 22 24 105 142 247 1995 7 17 24 114 122 236 1996 6 17 23 67 135 202 1997 10 16 26 87 109 196 1998 6 23 29 71 118 189 1999 1 8 9 63 90 153 2000 1 15 16 58 106 164 2001 - 10 10 50 79 129 2002 5 13 18 62 66 128 1998-2002 average 3 14 16 61 92 153

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -19 -32 -29 -30 -47 -40 1998-2002 average -58 -27 -35 -32 -27 -29

Scotland1994-98 average 65 778 842 949 3,889 4,838 1994 61 968 1,029 1,049 4,522 5,571 1995 75 875 950 1,036 4,303 5,339 1996 76 714 790 893 3,505 4,398 1997 67 678 745 882 3,542 4,424 1998 45 653 698 885 3,572 4,457 1999 43 582 625 757 3,318 4,075 2000 37 524 561 822 3,071 3,893 2001 41 502 543 769 2,986 3,755 2002 53 472 525 691 2,827 3,518 1998-2002 average 44 547 590 785 3,155 3,940

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -18 -39 -38 -27 -27 -27 1998-2002 average -32 -30 -30 -17 -19 -19

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) Child: 0-15 years.

Child(2) All ages

147

Table 41 CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

NorthernHighland

1994-98 average 352 431 783 1,301 908 2,209 27 47 35 1994 287 362 649 1,241 878 2,118 23 41 31 1995 373 385 758 1,275 891 2,165 29 43 35 1996 368 417 785 1,312 913 2,225 28 46 35 1997 371 485 856 1,332 927 2,258 28 52 38 1998 362 505 867 1,347 930 2,277 27 54 38 1999 392 469 861 1,369 944 2,313 29 50 37 2000 335 413 748 1,340 938 2,279 25 44 33 2001 375 353 728 1,386 947 2,333 27 37 31 2002 330 384 714 1,460 982 2,443 23 39 29 1998-2002 average 359 425 784 1,380 948 2,329 26 45 34

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -6 -11 -9 12 8 11 -16 -18 -18 1998-2002 average 2 -1 0 6 4 5 -4 -6 -5

Orkney Islands1994-98 average - 35 35 - 119 119 - 29 29 1994 - 26 26 - 115 115 - 23 23 1995 - 37 37 - 117 117 - 32 32 1996 - 36 36 - 120 120 - 30 30 1997 - 39 39 - 122 122 - 32 32 1998 - 39 39 - 122 122 - 32 32 1999 - 44 44 - 124 124 - 35 35 2000 - 26 26 - 123 123 - 21 21 2001 - 35 35 - 124 124 - 28 28 2002 - 54 54 - 129 129 - 42 42 1998-2002 average - 40 40 - 124 124 - 32 32

% change on 1994-98 average2002 - 54 54 - 8 8 - 43 431998-2002 average - 14 14 - 4 4 - 10 10

Shetland Islands1994-98 average - 58 58 - 166 166 - 35 35 1994 - 45 45 - 159 159 - 28 28 1995 - 80 80 - 162 162 - 49 49 1996 - 49 49 - 167 167 - 29 29 1997 - 53 53 - 170 170 - 31 31 1998 - 65 65 - 171 171 - 38 38 1999 - 49 49 - 175 175 - 28 28 2000 - 38 38 - 174 174 - 22 22 2001 - 34 34 - 177 177 - 19 19 2002 - 25 25 - 186 186 - 13 13 1998-2002 average - 42 42 - 177 177 - 24 24

% change on 1994-98 average2002 - -57 -57 - 12 12 - -62 -62 1998-2002 average - -28 -28 - 7 7 - -32 -32

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

148

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Northern (continued)Eilean Siar

1994-98 average - 65 65 - 172 172 - 38 38 1994 - 46 46 - 165 165 - 28 28 1995 - 73 73 - 168 168 - 43 43 1996 - 76 76 - 173 173 - 44 44 1997 - 62 62 - 176 176 - 35 35 1998 - 68 68 - 177 177 - 38 38 1999 - 66 66 - 175 175 - 38 38 2000 - 68 68 - 175 175 - 39 39 2001 - 55 55 - 177 177 - 31 31 2002 - 57 57 - 179 179 - 32 32 1998-2002 average - 63 63 - 177 177 - 36 36

% change on 1994-98 average2002 - -12 -12 - 4 4 - -16 -16 1998-2002 average - -3 -3 - 3 3 - -6 -6

GrampianAberdeen City

1994-98 average 50 555 605 236 1,006 1,242 21 55 49 1994 28 604 632 220 967 1,187 13 62 53 1995 46 603 649 228 983 1,211 20 61 54 1996 73 506 579 240 1,014 1,255 30 50 46 1997 55 562 617 244 1,028 1,272 23 55 49 1998 46 500 546 246 1,039 1,285 19 48 42 1999 55 416 471 251 1,056 1,307 22 39 36 2000 48 434 482 260 1,063 1,323 18 41 36 2001 37 398 435 256 1,055 1,312 14 38 33 2002 34 375 409 269 1,089 1,358 13 34 30 1998-2002 average 44 425 469 257 1,061 1,317 17 40 36

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -32 -32 -32 14 8 9 -40 -38 -38 1998-2002 average -12 -23 -22 9 5 6 -19 -27 -27

Aberdeenshire1994-98 average 148 595 744 784 1,689 2,473 19 35 30 1994 150 582 732 746 1,636 2,382 20 36 31 1995 165 625 790 767 1,656 2,423 22 38 33 1996 151 563 714 788 1,695 2,483 19 33 29 1997 150 597 747 801 1,723 2,525 19 35 30 1998 126 610 736 819 1,734 2,553 15 35 29 1999 112 516 628 823 1,751 2,574 14 29 24 2000 72 513 585 747 1,716 2,463 10 30 24 2001 128 502 630 755 1,730 2,485 17 29 25 2002 112 525 637 826 1,805 2,631 14 29 24 1998-2002 average 110 533 643 794 1,747 2,541 14 31 25

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -24 -12 -14 5 7 6 -28 -17 -20 1998-2002 average -26 -10 -14 1 3 3 -27 -13 -16

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

149

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Grampian (continued)Moray

1994-98 average 59 168 227 233 380 613 25 44 37 1994 51 172 223 221 368 589 23 47 38 1995 54 161 215 228 373 600 24 43 36 1996 57 147 204 235 382 616 24 39 33 1997 85 193 278 239 388 627 36 50 44 1998 49 167 216 244 391 635 20 43 34 1999 43 139 182 247 397 644 17 35 28 2000 65 149 214 240 396 636 27 38 34 2001 55 160 215 250 400 650 22 40 33 2002 43 130 173 259 415 674 17 31 26 1998-2002 average 51 149 200 248 400 648 21 37 31

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -27 -23 -24 11 9 10 -34 -29 -31 1998-2002 average -14 -11 -12 6 5 6 -19 -16 -17

TaysideDundee

1994-98 average 45 346 391 161 617 778 28 56 50 1994 33 366 399 157 602 759 21 61 53 1995 59 369 428 160 609 769 37 61 56 1996 34 357 391 162 618 780 21 58 50 1997 37 329 366 162 623 785 23 53 47 1998 63 308 371 163 632 795 39 49 47 1999 50 346 396 161 645 806 31 54 49 2000 44 331 375 163 648 811 27 51 46 2001 49 339 388 169 642 812 29 53 48 2002 41 358 399 169 664 833 24 54 48 1998-2002 average 49 336 386 165 646 811 30 52 48

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -9 3 2 5 8 7 -13 -4 -5 1998-2002 average 9 -3 -1 3 5 4 6 -7 -5

Angus1994-98 average 43 317 359 282 611 894 15 52 40 1994 36 321 357 268 589 858 13 54 42 1995 45 319 364 276 599 874 16 53 42 1996 46 291 337 284 615 899 16 47 37 1997 43 336 379 289 624 913 15 54 42 1998 43 317 360 295 629 924 15 50 39 1999 29 324 353 298 640 938 10 51 38 2000 28 315 343 297 650 948 9 48 36 2001 36 258 294 269 649 918 13 40 32 2002 41 365 406 275 677 952 15 54 43 1998-2002 average 35 316 351 287 649 936 12 49 38

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -5 15 13 -3 11 7 -2 4 61998-2002 average -19 -0 -2 2 6 5 -20 -6 -7

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

150

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Tayside (continued)Perth & Kinross

1994-98 average 164 349 513 1,217 848 2,065 13 41 25 1994 215 335 550 1,149 819 1,968 19 41 28 1995 143 365 508 1,182 834 2,015 12 44 25 1996 162 364 526 1,220 854 2,075 13 43 25 1997 148 356 504 1,254 865 2,119 12 41 24 1998 153 325 478 1,278 869 2,147 12 37 22 1999 180 395 575 1,244 884 2,128 14 45 27 2000 112 352 464 1,232 848 2,080 9 42 22 2001 206 362 568 1,308 844 2,152 16 43 26 2002 100 337 437 1,389 895 2,284 7 38 19 1998-2002 average 150 354 504 1,290 868 2,158 12 41 23

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -39 -3 -15 14 6 11 -47 -8 -23 1998-2002 average -9 1 -2 6 2 5 -14 -1 -6

Fife1994-98 average 101 697 798 691 1,771 2,463 15 39 32 1994 74 706 780 655 1,722 2,377 11 41 33 1995 91 686 777 670 1,740 2,409 14 39 32 1996 105 679 784 694 1,777 2,471 15 38 32 1997 110 744 854 714 1,799 2,513 15 41 34 1998 124 670 794 726 1,819 2,544 17 37 31 1999 92 729 821 743 1,806 2,549 12 40 32 2000 143 684 827 726 1,801 2,527 20 38 33 2001 101 679 780 751 1,828 2,579 13 37 30 2002 128 674 802 837 1,883 2,720 15 36 29 1998-2002 average 118 687 805 757 1,827 2,584 16 38 31

% change on 1994-98 average2002 27 -3 1 21 6 10 5 -9 -9 1998-2002 average 17 -1 1 9 3 5 7 -4 -4

Lothian & BordersEdinburgh

1994-98 average 73 2,030 2,103 553 2,124 2,676 13 96 79 1994 46 1,975 2,021 518 2,060 2,578 9 96 78 1995 35 1,795 1,830 531 2,092 2,623 7 86 70 1996 88 2,130 2,218 554 2,131 2,685 16 100 83 1997 78 2,131 2,209 571 2,153 2,724 14 99 81 1998 117 2,118 2,235 589 2,184 2,773 20 97 81 1999 87 1,888 1,975 602 2,205 2,807 14 86 70 2000 111 1,984 2,095 599 2,181 2,780 19 91 75 2001 119 1,743 1,862 624 2,216 2,840 19 79 66 2002 74 1,681 1,755 651 2,261 2,912 11 74 60 1998-2002 average 102 1,883 1,984 613 2,209 2,822 17 85 70

% change on 1994-98 average2002 1 -17 -17 18 6 9 -14 -22 -23 1998-2002 average 40 -7 -6 11 4 5 26 -11 -11

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

151

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Lothian & Borders (continued)West Lothian

1994-98 average 46 596 641 521 900 1,421 9 66 45 1994 40 543 583 485 875 1,360 8 62 43 1995 67 587 654 500 885 1,385 13 66 47 1996 28 571 599 523 904 1,427 5 63 42 1997 29 652 681 538 915 1,453 5 71 47 1998 65 625 690 560 920 1,480 12 68 47 1999 55 565 620 584 937 1,521 9 60 41 2000 47 522 569 617 935 1,552 8 56 37 2001 65 576 641 623 940 1,563 10 61 41 2002 39 557 596 632 969 1,601 6 57 37 1998-2002 average 54 569 623 603 940 1,544 9 61 40

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -15 -7 -7 21 8 13 -30 -13 -18 1998-2002 average 17 -5 -3 16 4 9 1 -9 -11

Midlothian1994-98 average 50 249 300 131 420 551 38 59 54 1994 47 239 286 126 407 533 37 59 54 1995 35 212 247 128 412 539 27 52 46 1996 57 258 315 132 421 553 43 61 57 1997 74 272 346 134 427 561 55 64 62 1998 39 266 305 136 433 569 29 61 54 1999 57 232 289 154 438 592 37 53 49 2000 46 277 323 153 440 593 30 63 54 2001 30 238 268 154 445 600 19 53 45 2002 48 210 258 142 461 603 34 46 43 1998-2002 average 44 245 289 148 444 591 30 55 49

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -4 -16 -14 8 10 9 -11 -23 -21 1998-2002 average -12 -2 -4 13 6 7 -22 -7 -10

East Lothian1994-98 average 44 218 262 282 437 718 16 50 36 1994 32 204 236 265 420 685 12 49 34 1995 35 180 215 271 424 695 13 42 31 1996 56 246 302 282 433 715 20 57 42 1997 64 219 283 289 440 729 22 50 39 1998 33 240 273 302 466 767 11 52 36 1999 60 238 298 303 456 759 20 52 39 2000 33 260 293 307 457 764 11 57 38 2001 57 241 298 321 458 779 18 53 38 2002 56 216 272 329 475 804 17 45 34 1998-2002 average 48 239 287 312 462 775 15 52 37

% change on 1994-98 average2002 27 -1 4 17 9 12 9 -9 -7 1998-2002 average 9 10 10 11 6 8 -2 4 2

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

152

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Lothian & Borders (continued)Scottish Borders

1994-98 average 120 392 512 334 712 1,046 36 55 49 1994 135 362 497 319 688 1,007 42 53 49 1995 115 386 501 327 699 1,026 35 55 49 1996 146 404 550 336 717 1,053 43 56 52 1997 89 366 455 340 727 1,068 26 50 43 1998 114 443 557 348 731 1,078 33 61 52 1999 71 431 502 354 738 1,092 20 58 46 2000 90 410 500 354 727 1,081 25 56 46 2001 73 402 475 351 724 1,076 21 55 44 2002 77 429 506 377 752 1,129 20 57 45 1998-2002 average 85 423 508 357 734 1,091 24 58 47

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -36 9 -1 13 6 8 -43 4 -8 1998-2002 average -29 8 -1 7 3 4 -34 5 -5

CentralClackmannanshire

1994-98 average 1 95 95 - 270 270 - 35 35 1994 1 85 86 - 262 262 - 32 33 1995 - 77 77 - 265 265 - 29 29 1996 - 83 83 - 271 271 - 31 31 1997 - 115 115 - 275 275 - 42 42 1998 2 114 116 - 279 279 - 41 42 1999 - 96 96 - 286 286 - 34 34 2000 - 82 82 - 286 286 - 29 29 2001 - 65 65 - 288 288 - 23 23 2002 - 90 90 - 293 293 - 31 31 1998-2002 average - 89 90 - 286 286 - 31 31

% change on 1994-98 average2002 - -5 -5 - 8 8 - -13 -13 1998-2002 average -100 -6 -5 - 6 6 - -12 -11

Stirling1994-98 average 78 234 312 360 628 988 22 37 32 1994 68 215 283 340 609 949 20 35 30 1995 81 218 299 349 616 965 23 35 31 1996 90 184 274 361 631 993 25 29 28 1997 58 300 358 373 639 1,012 16 47 35 1998 93 252 345 379 646 1,024 25 39 34 1999 69 207 276 386 652 1,038 18 32 27 2000 55 211 266 395 657 1,052 14 32 25 2001 80 164 244 411 658 1,069 19 25 23 2002 76 221 297 421 678 1,099 18 33 27 1998-2002 average 75 211 286 398 658 1,056 19 32 27

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -3 -6 -5 17 8 11 -17 -12 -14 1998-2002 average -4 -10 -8 11 5 7 -13 -14 -14

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

153

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Central (continued)Falkirk

1994-98 average 37 339 376 433 787 1,220 9 43 31 1994 23 341 364 397 767 1,163 6 44 31 1995 33 281 314 409 776 1,184 8 36 27 1996 24 341 365 427 789 1,217 6 43 30 1997 68 380 448 441 797 1,238 15 48 36 1998 37 354 391 492 806 1,298 8 44 30 1999 33 343 376 479 820 1,299 7 42 29 2000 34 325 359 480 824 1,304 7 39 28 2001 60 257 317 499 828 1,327 12 31 24 2002 38 309 347 498 874 1,371 8 35 25 1998-2002 average 40 318 358 489 830 1,320 8 38 27

% change on 1994-98 average2002 3 -9 -8 15 11 12 -11 -18 -18 1998-2002 average 8 -6 -5 13 6 8 -4 -11 -12

StrathclydeGlasgow

1994-98 average 148 2,391 2,539 1,090 1,913 3,003 14 125 85 1994 135 2,449 2,584 1,014 1,866 2,880 13 131 90 1995 164 2,347 2,511 1,046 1,892 2,938 16 124 85 1996 131 2,257 2,388 1,094 1,920 3,014 12 118 79 1997 161 2,435 2,596 1,125 1,932 3,057 14 126 85 1998 150 2,467 2,617 1,172 1,956 3,128 13 126 84 1999 173 2,171 2,344 1,180 1,991 3,171 15 109 74 2000 172 2,175 2,347 1,144 2,001 3,145 15 109 75 2001 196 2,137 2,333 1,182 2,006 3,188 17 107 73 2002 210 2,067 2,277 1,211 2,054 3,265 17 101 70 1998-2002 average 180 2,203 2,384 1,178 2,002 3,179 15 110 75

% change on 1994-98 average2002 42 -14 -10 11 7 9 28 -19 -18 1998-2002 average 22 -8 -6 8 5 6 13 -12 -11

Argyll & Bute1994-98 average 153 229 381 328 451 779 47 51 49 1994 132 228 360 314 435 748 42 52 48 1995 127 210 337 322 442 764 39 47 44 1996 191 275 466 331 454 786 58 61 59 1997 164 218 382 335 461 796 49 47 48 1998 149 213 362 337 462 799 44 46 45 1999 127 265 392 336 472 808 38 56 49 2000 85 209 294 321 467 788 26 45 37 2001 109 216 325 322 471 794 34 46 41 2002 112 213 325 339 508 847 33 42 38 1998-2002 average 116 223 340 331 476 807 35 47 42

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -27 -7 -15 4 13 9 -29 -17 -22 1998-2002 average -24 -3 -11 1 6 4 -25 -8 -14

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

154

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Strathclyde (continued)West Dunbartonshire

1994-98 average 54 264 317 165 377 542 33 70 58 1994 46 298 344 156 367 523 29 81 66 1995 51 277 328 160 372 532 32 74 62 1996 51 227 278 166 378 544 31 60 51 1997 62 234 296 170 381 551 36 61 54 1998 58 282 340 174 386 560 33 73 61 1999 38 213 251 176 391 567 22 55 44 2000 91 219 310 182 389 571 50 56 54 2001 72 204 276 183 391 574 39 52 48 2002 45 204 249 187 403 590 24 51 42 1998-2002 average 61 224 285 181 392 572 34 57 50

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -17 -23 -21 13 7 9 -26 -28 -28 1998-2002 average 13 -15 -10 9 4 6 3 -18 -15

East Dunbartonshire1994-98 average 2 287 288 - 504 504 - 57 57 1994 - 263 263 - 491 491 - 54 54 1995 - 294 294 - 497 497 - 59 59 1996 9 303 312 - 506 506 - 60 62 1997 - 295 295 - 511 511 - 58 58 1998 - 278 278 - 517 517 - 54 54 1999 - 270 270 - 524 524 - 52 52 2000 - 286 286 - 523 523 - 55 55 2001 - 280 280 - 526 526 - 53 53 2002 - 255 255 - 542 542 - 47 47 1998-2002 average - 274 274 - 526 526 - 52 52

% change on 1994-98 average2002 - -11 -11 - 7 7 - -17 -18 1998-2002 average - -5 -5 - 4 4 - -9 -9

Inverclyde1994-98 average 95 241 335 65 419 484 146 58 69 1994 93 261 354 63 408 470 149 64 75 1995 81 218 299 64 413 477 127 53 63 1996 67 239 306 65 420 486 102 57 63 1997 137 250 387 66 424 490 208 59 79 1998 95 236 331 67 429 496 142 55 67 1999 74 195 269 68 436 503 110 45 53 2000 101 212 313 70 435 504 144 49 62 2001 74 195 269 72 442 514 102 44 52 2002 73 173 246 73 454 527 99 38 47 1998-2002 average 83 202 286 70 439 509 119 46 56

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -23 -28 -27 13 8 9 -32 -34 -33 1998-2002 average -13 -16 -15 8 5 5 -19 -20 -19

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

155

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Strathclyde (continued)Renfrewshire

1994-98 average 67 533 600 469 672 1,141 14 79 53 1994 56 525 581 438 656 1,093 13 80 53 1995 62 525 587 449 663 1,112 14 79 53 1996 89 572 661 469 674 1,143 19 85 58 1997 59 531 590 482 680 1,162 12 78 51 1998 70 513 583 506 688 1,194 14 75 49 1999 92 481 573 497 706 1,203 18 68 48 2000 111 411 522 476 685 1,161 23 60 45 2001 76 405 481 494 690 1,184 15 59 41 2002 105 436 541 506 712 1,218 21 61 44 1998-2002 average 91 449 540 496 696 1,192 18 64 45

% change on 1994-98 average2002 57 -18 -10 8 6 7 45 -23 -16 1998-2002 average 36 -16 -10 6 4 4 28 -19 -14

East Renfrewshire1994-98 average 27 186 213 82 446 528 33 42 40 1994 21 172 193 77 435 512 27 40 38 1995 35 189 224 79 440 519 44 43 43 1996 37 190 227 83 446 529 45 43 43 1997 33 181 214 85 451 536 39 40 40 1998 10 199 209 88 456 544 11 44 38 1999 16 215 231 89 464 553 18 46 42 2000 20 181 201 110 467 577 18 39 35 2001 7 157 164 113 470 583 6 33 28 2002 13 133 146 116 482 599 11 28 24 1998-2002 average 13 177 190 103 468 571 13 38 33

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -52 -28 -31 41 8 13 -66 -34 -40 1998-2002 average -52 -5 -11 25 5 8 -62 -9 -18

North Lanarkshire1994-98 average 155 881 1,035 965 1,685 2,650 16 52 39 1994 133 819 952 911 1,642 2,554 15 50 37 1995 96 843 939 936 1,660 2,597 10 51 36 1996 164 837 1,001 970 1,689 2,658 17 50 38 1997 183 915 1,098 990 1,706 2,696 18 54 41 1998 197 990 1,187 1,019 1,727 2,746 19 57 43 1999 171 889 1,060 1,027 1,750 2,777 17 51 38 2000 171 960 1,131 1,036 1,766 2,802 17 54 40 2001 147 979 1,126 1,068 1,760 2,829 14 56 40 2002 148 818 966 1,064 1,805 2,869 14 45 34 1998-2002 average 167 927 1,094 1,043 1,762 2,804 16 53 39

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -5 -7 -7 10 7 8 -13 -13 -14 1998-2002 average 8 5 6 8 5 6 -0 1 -0

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

156

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Strathclyde (continued)South Lanarkshire

1994-98 average 189 874 1,063 855 1,133 1,988 22 77 53 1994 199 842 1,041 800 1,101 1,900 25 77 55 1995 159 837 996 827 1,113 1,941 19 75 51 1996 195 858 1,053 858 1,137 1,995 23 75 53 1997 147 924 1,071 887 1,149 2,037 17 80 53 1998 243 911 1,154 900 1,165 2,066 27 78 56 1999 235 857 1,092 923 1,202 2,124 25 71 51 2000 227 793 1,020 900 1,177 2,077 25 67 49 2001 185 805 990 915 1,178 2,093 20 68 47 2002 185 811 996 964 1,208 2,173 19 67 46 1998-2002 average 215 835 1,050 920 1,186 2,106 23 70 50

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -2 -7 -6 13 7 9 -13 -13 -14 1998-2002 average 14 -4 -1 8 5 6 6 -9 -7

North Ayrshire1994-98 average 113 294 406 283 388 671 40 76 61 1994 86 271 357 271 376 647 32 72 55 1995 139 315 454 276 381 657 50 83 69 1996 113 273 386 285 389 674 40 70 57 1997 133 311 444 289 394 683 46 79 65 1998 93 298 391 293 398 691 32 75 57 1999 92 291 383 281 402 683 33 72 56 2000 89 280 369 281 401 683 32 70 54 2001 98 277 375 274 398 673 36 70 56 2002 104 241 345 289 408 697 36 59 49 1998-2002 average 95 277 373 284 402 685 33 69 54

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -8 -18 -15 2 5 4 -10 -22 -18 1998-2002 average -16 -6 -8 0 4 2 -16 -9 -10

East Ayrshire1994-98 average 72 288 360 266 570 835 27 51 43 1994 65 300 365 252 553 805 26 54 45 1995 84 290 374 257 558 815 33 52 46 1996 74 283 357 267 571 838 28 50 43 1997 62 305 367 273 580 853 23 53 43 1998 73 262 335 279 587 866 26 45 39 1999 75 281 356 283 604 888 26 47 40 2000 52 279 331 303 606 909 17 46 36 2001 49 316 365 324 611 935 15 52 39 2002 52 291 343 339 623 962 15 47 36 1998-2002 average 60 286 346 306 606 912 20 47 38

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -28 1 -5 28 9 15 -43 -8 -17 1998-2002 average -17 -1 -4 15 6 9 -28 -7 -12

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualties

Slight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-

kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

157

Table 41 (continued) CasualtiesSlight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate, by council and road type(1)

Years: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994 to 2002

Local All Local All Local All Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roads Trunk Authority roadsroads roads roads roads(2) roads roads

Strathclyde (continued)South Ayrshire

1994-98 average 98 251 349 323 496 818 30 51 43 1994 118 238 356 308 481 789 38 49 45 1995 104 245 349 316 488 803 33 50 43 1996 89 257 346 324 497 821 27 52 42 1997 109 267 376 329 504 833 33 53 45 1998 72 247 319 336 509 845 21 49 38 1999 102 283 385 344 516 859 30 55 45 2000 83 294 377 338 515 854 25 57 44 2001 79 307 386 351 528 880 22 58 44 2002 91 256 347 376 549 926 24 47 37 1998-2002 average 85 277 363 349 523 873 24 53 42

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -7 2 -1 17 11 13 -20 -8 -12 1998-2002 average -13 10 4 8 6 7 -20 5 -2

Dumfries & Galloway1994-98 average 145 264 409 1,110 616 1,725 13 43 24 1994 173 284 457 1,053 592 1,644 16 48 28 1995 141 206 347 1,083 602 1,685 13 34 21 1996 105 245 350 1,117 620 1,737 9 40 20 1997 134 305 439 1,134 630 1,765 12 48 25 1998 173 279 452 1,162 634 1,796 15 44 25 1999 134 310 444 1,159 644 1,804 12 48 25 2000 142 315 457 1,123 640 1,763 13 49 26 2001 150 299 449 1,136 639 1,775 13 47 25 2002 159 301 460 1,201 663 1,864 13 45 25 1998-2002 average 152 301 452 1,156 644 1,800 13 47 25

% change on 1994-98 average2002 10 14 12 8 8 8 1 6 41998-2002 average 5 14 11 4 5 4 1 9 6

Scotland1994-98 average 2,727 14,751 17,478 13,519 24,234 37,754 20.17 60.87 46.30 1994 2,523 14,479 17,002 12,761 23,510 36,271 19.77 61.59 46.87 1995 2,620 14,235 16,855 13,115 23,820 36,935 19.98 59.76 45.63 1996 2,800 14,518 17,318 13,579 24,329 37,908 20.62 59.67 45.68 1997 2,843 15,362 18,205 13,887 24,622 38,509 20.47 62.39 47.28 1998 2,849 15,161 18,010 14,255 24,891 39,145 19.99 60.91 46.01 1999 2,714 14,214 16,928 14,360 25,231 39,591 18.90 56.34 42.76 2000 2,607 14,008 16,615 14,197 25,113 39,310 18.36 55.78 42.27 2001 2,713 13,438 16,151 14,563 25,243 39,806 18.63 53.23 40.57 2002 2,534 13,196 15,730 15,201 26,078 41,279 16.67 50.60 38.11 1998-2002 average 2,683 14,003 16,687 14,515 25,311 39,826 18.48 55.32 41.90

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -7 -11 -10 12 8 9 -17 -17 -18 1998-2002 average -2 -5 -5 7 4 5 -8 -9 -9

(1) Based on the road network following the 1st April 1996 changes (see Annex E).(2) These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

Slight casualtiesSlight casualty rate (per 100 million vehicle-kilometres)

Estimated total volume of traffic (million vehicle-

kilometres)

158

Table 42 Casualties

Casualties killed or seriously injured, child killed or seriously injured, slight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate by police force areaYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994-2002

Police force Killed or Child killed or Slight Estimated total(1) SlightSeriously injured Seriously injured Casualties volume of traffic casualty rate

numbers (million veh-km) (per 100 million veh-km)Northern

1994-98 average 412 46 942 2,666 35 1994 385 46 766 2,557 30 1995 408 54 948 2,613 36 1996 461 56 946 2,686 35 1997 388 32 1,010 2,726 37 1998 416 42 1,039 2,747 38 1999 366 33 1,020 2,787 37 2000 313 23 880 2,751 32 2001 392 35 852 2,811 30 2002 258 34 850 2,937 29 1998-2002 average 349 33 928 2,807 33

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -37 -26 -10 10 -18 1998-2002 average -15 -28 -1 5 -6

Grampian1994-98 average 395 44 1,576 4,328 36 1994 397 48 1,587 4,158 38 1995 390 33 1,654 4,233 39 1996 384 51 1,497 4,354 34 1997 400 41 1,642 4,423 37 1998 406 49 1,498 4,473 33 1999 314 35 1,281 4,525 28 2000 371 32 1,281 4,422 29 2001 321 28 1,280 4,447 29 2002 313 26 1,219 4,663 26 1998-2002 average 345 34 1,312 4,506 29

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -21 -41 -23 8 -28 1998-2002 average -13 -23 -17 4 -20

Tayside1994-98 average 508 77 1,264 3,736 34 1994 573 91 1,306 3,584 36 1995 499 78 1,300 3,659 36 1996 491 82 1,254 3,754 33 1997 476 75 1,249 3,817 33 1998 503 61 1,209 3,866 31 1999 424 56 1,324 3,872 34 2000 372 53 1,182 3,839 31 2001 440 61 1,250 3,881 32 2002 341 50 1,242 4,068 31 1998-2002 average 416 56 1,241 3,905 32

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -33 -35 -2 9 -10 1998-2002 average -18 -27 -2 5 -6

1. These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

159

Table 42 (continued) Casualties

Casualties killed or seriously injured, child killed or seriously injured, slight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate by police force areaYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994-2002

Police force Killed or Child killed or Slight Estimated total(1) SlightSeriously injured Seriously injured Casualties volume of traffic casualty rate

numbers (million veh-km) (per 100 million veh-km)Fife

1994-98 average 266 44 798 2,463 32 1994 278 48 780 2,377 33 1995 307 55 777 2,409 32 1996 258 45 784 2,471 32 1997 270 37 854 2,513 34 1998 219 37 794 2,544 31 1999 192 36 821 2,549 32 2000 249 38 827 2,527 33 2001 232 31 780 2,579 30 2002 278 28 802 2,720 29 1998-2002 average 234 34 805 2,584 31

% change on 1994-98 average2002 5 -36 1 10 -9 1998-2002 average -12 -23 1 5 -4

Lothian & Borders1994-98 average 635 94 3,818 6,413 60 1994 863 151 3,623 6,162 59 1995 762 133 3,447 6,268 55 1996 509 66 3,984 6,432 62 1997 524 61 3,974 6,535 61 1998 518 58 4,060 6,667 61 1999 546 74 3,684 6,772 54 2000 615 93 3,780 6,771 56 2001 556 73 3,544 6,857 52 2002 536 67 3,387 7,049 48 1998-2002 average 554 73 3,691 6,823 54

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -16 -29 -11 10 -19 1998-2002 average -13 -22 -3 6 -9

Central1994-98 average 290 52 784 2,479 32 1994 348 65 733 2,375 31 1995 282 53 690 2,414 29 1996 293 54 722 2,480 29 1997 278 45 921 2,525 36 1998 248 45 852 2,601 33 1999 237 28 748 2,623 29 2000 231 34 707 2,642 27 2001 233 32 626 2,684 23 2002 254 32 734 2,763 27 1998-2002 average 241 34 733 2,663 28

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -12 -38 -6 11 -16 1998-2002 average -17 -35 -7 7 -13

1. These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

160

Table 42 (continued) Casualties

Casualties killed or seriously injured, child killed or seriously injured, slight casualties, estimated total volume of traffic, and slight casualty rate by police force areaYears: 1994-98 and 1998-2002 averages and 1994-2002

Police force Killed or Child killed or Slight Estimated total(1) SlightSeriously injured Seriously injured Casualties volume of traffic casualty rate

numbers (million veh-km) (100 million veh-km)Strathclyde

1994-98 average 2,117 459 7,889 13,944 57 1994 2,480 556 7,750 13,414 58 1995 2,455 520 7,692 13,653 56 1996 1,800 413 7,781 13,994 56 1997 1,892 428 8,116 14,205 57 1998 1,958 377 8,106 14,452 56 1999 1,843 354 7,606 14,660 52 2000 1,578 272 7,501 14,594 51 2001 1,452 273 7,370 14,771 50 2002 1,410 270 7,036 15,214 46 1998-2002 average 1,648 309 7,524 14,738 51

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -33 -41 -11 9 -18 1998-2002 average -22 -33 -5 6 -10

Dumfries & Galloway1994-98 average 214 25 409 1,725 24 1994 247 24 457 1,644 28 1995 236 24 347 1,685 21 1996 202 23 350 1,737 20 1997 196 26 439 1,765 25 1998 189 29 452 1,796 25 1999 153 9 444 1,804 25 2000 164 16 457 1,763 26 2001 129 10 449 1,775 25 2002 128 18 460 1,864 25 1998-2002 average 153 16 452 1,800 25

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -40 -28 12 8 41998-2002 average -29 -36 11 4 6

Scotland1994-98 average 4,838 842 17,478 37,754 46 1994 5,571 1,029 17,002 36,271 47 1995 5,339 950 16,855 36,935 46 1996 4,398 790 17,318 37,908 46 1997 4,424 745 18,205 38,509 47 1998 4,457 698 18,010 39,145 46 1999 4,075 625 16,928 39,591 43 2000 3,893 561 16,615 39,310 42 2001 3,755 543 16,151 39,806 41 2002 3,518 525 15,730 41,279 38 1998-2002 average 3,940 590 16,687 39,826 42

% change on 1994-98 average2002 -27 -38 -10 9 -18 1998-2002 average -19 -30 -5 5 -9

1. These estimates are not National Statistics. They provide only a rough indication of the likely total volume of traffic on local authority roads in each area. For further information, please see the note on the Traffic Estimates, which is in the Introduction.

161

162

Annex A

Calendar of events affecting road traffic

1964-65: Road Traffic Act 1964 - Wider powers for speed limits. Trial 70 mph speed limit on motorway and other previously de-restricted roads. 50 mph speed limit on selected roads during summer.

1967: Seat belts compulsory on new cars - Permanent 70 mph speed limit on all roads. An offence to drink and attempt to drive with over 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood.

1968-69: Transport Act 1968 allowed regulations on length of drivers’ working hours - 3 year old vehicles need test certificate.

1970: New regulations on lorry and PSV drivers’ hours of work.

1973-74: Safety helmets compulsory for 2-wheeled motor vehicle users - 50 mph national maximum speed limit, later motorway 70 mph, dual carriageway 60 mph - Vehicle lighting regulations.

1975: Temporary 50 and 60 mph limits extended.

1976: Licensing Scotland Act 1976 - extension of licensing hours until 11 pm - effective from 13 December 1976.

1977: 50 and 60 mph limits raised to 60 and 70 mph.

1977: Licensing Scotland Act 1976 - extension of Sunday opening - effective from October 1977.

1978: 60 and 70 mph limits permanent - New rules on maximum hours which may be worked by goods vehicle drivers.

1982: New 2-part motorcycle test from 29 March - Application of 2 year limit on provisional motorcycle licence took effect from 1 October.

1983: Transport Act 1981 introduced evidential breath testing and made seat belt wearing law for drivers and front seat passengers of most cars and light vans. Learner motor cyclists now only allowed to ride machines of up to 125 cc.

1984: Regulations introduced requiring spray reducing devices to be fitted to lorries and trailers.

1985: In December, Scottish Police Authorities introduced a policy of breath testing all drivers in an accident wherever possible.

1986: All new cars manufactured from 1 October to be fitted with rear seat belts. Seat belt legislation made permanent. European Road Safety Year.

1987: Legal requirement introduced requiring all newly registered cars to be fitted with rear seat belts or child restraints from 1 April. Government sets a target to achieve a one-third reduction in road accident casualties by the year 2000.

1988: All coaches first used from 1 April 1974 using a motorway must have 70 mph limiters fitted by 1 April 1991.

163

1989: Penalty points increased for careless driving, driving without insurance and failing to stop after or to report an accident. Seat belt wearing by rear child passengers became law in cars where appropriate restraints have been fitted and are available. Accompanied motorcycle testing became mandatory.

1990: Compulsory basic training for motorcyclists introduced and learner drivers banned from carrying pillion passengers. High Risk Offenders Scheme for problem drink-drivers extended. New regulations requiring those accompanying learner drivers to be at least 21 years old and to have held a licence for 3 years. Scottish Road Safety Year.

1991: Seat belt wearing by rear adult passengers became law in cars where belts are fitted and available. New road hump regulations introduced to reduce traffic speed.

1992: Subsequent to the Road Traffic Act 1991, new road traffic offences and penalties came into force, including retesting of dangerous drivers. The Traffic Calming Act 1992 came into force enabling roads authorities to introduce a wide range of traffic calming measures. Requirement for minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm introduced for cars and light vans. All new goods vehicles over 7.5 tonnes fitted with 60 mph speed limiters.

1993: First speed enforcement cameras introduced in Scotland. The MOT test extended, including new checks on mirrors, windscreen condition, fuel tanks, seat and door security and number plates.

1994: First 20 mph zones introduced in Scotland. Traffic Calming (Scotland) Regulations came into force.

1995: Pass Plus scheme introduced for new drivers which encourages new drivers to take more lessons by offering discount on motor insurance.

1996: Driving theory test introduced from 1 July for car and motorcycle learners. Road Traffic (New Drivers) Act 1996 - requires newly qualified drivers to retake the driving test if they acquire 6 or more penalty points within 2 years of passing their test - effective from 1 June 1997. Requirement for coaches and minibuses to be fitted with seat belts when carrying children on organised trips, including journeys between home and school - effective from February, 1997. End of concession, where seat belts are fitted, whereby 3 children could share a double seat.

1997: New Zebra, Pelican and Puffin crossing regulations introduced, with Puffin crossings prescribed for the first time.

1998: New Road Humps regulations came into force giving local authorities wider powers to establish road humps.

1999: Amendment to the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 gave local authorities power to introduce traffic calmed 20 mph zones and 20 mph speed limits, with or without traffic calming measures, at suitable locations. Revised Highway Code published.

2000: The Government announced a new road safety strategy and casualty reduction targets for the period to 2010 in "Tomorrow's Roads - Safer for Everyone". A review of speed policy was conducted and reported in 'New Directions in Speed Management'.

2001: Amendment to the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 made it clear that school crossing patrols can stop traffic for children of all ages and adults and gave local authorities greater flexibility in the

164

times that school crossing patrols can operate. Scottish Executive awarded nearly £15 million to local authorities for cycling, walking and safer streets projects, including safer routes to school schemes.

2002: New Home Zones (Scotland) Regulations came into force. These set out the procedures local authorities must follow when designating home zones.

165

166

Annex B

The Collection of Road Accident Statistics,and examples of forms that could be used to collect the data

1. Introduction

This Annex describes briefly the arrangements for collecting road accident statistics. It then provides examples of paper forms that could be used for collecting the data.

2. The collection of road accident statistics

The Road Accident statistics are compiled from returns made by police forces. For each injury road accident known to have occurred in their areas, the police authorities complete a statistical return (which is called a “Stats 19” return), which provides details of the accident circumstances, separate information for each vehicle which was involved in the accident, and separate information for each person who was injured in the accident. Examples of the kinds of forms that could be used for this purpose appear later. The information shown in the current version of the "Stats 19" form has been collected since 1999, following the implementation of the changes to the Road Accident Statistics system that were recommended in the 1997 Quinquennial Review (see Annex C).

The statistical returns cover all accidents in which a vehicle is involved that occur on roads (including footways) and result in death or personal injury, if they become known to the police. It should be noted that the vehicle need not be moving, and need not be in collision - for example, the returns include accidents involving people alighting from buses. Road accidents in which no-one is injured (“damage only” accidents) are not included in this definition, so the Scottish Executive does not receive any statistics of such accidents, and this publication cannot give any figures for them.

Full guidance on the completion of the “Stats 19” statistical returns, including detailed notes and definitions of the coverage of the returns and of the information to be provided in each field, is given in a document produced by the Department for Transport (DfT), called “Instructions for the Completion of Road Accident Reports” (which is also referred to as the “Stats 20”).

The returns for accidents in Scotland are submitted every month by the police authorities, either directly or with the assistance of a local Council, to the Scottish Executive. All the returns should first be subject to the validity and consistency checks specified in a document called “Procedures for Submitting Road Accident Data to The Scottish Office” (as the Scottish Executive was formerly known). This document is also referred to as the Scottish Edition of “Stats 21”. The Scottish Executive also applies these checks, and clears any errors that it finds with the police. The returns are added to the Scottish Executive Transport Statistics branch’s database, which contains statistical information about all injury road accidents in Scotland since 1979.

The Transport Statistics branch’s records for accidents which occurred on Motorways and A roads are copied to the Road Network Management and Maintenance Division of the Scottish Executive, which maintains a database of information about trunk roads. From all the Motorway and A road accidents, the ones which occurred on trunk roads are identified using their road numbers and their grid co-ordinates, and the information about them is put onto the Road Network Management and Maintenance Division database. The Transport Statistics branch is subsequently informed which of these accidents occurred on trunk roads, and its database is updated accordingly.

Similar returns are made throughout Great Britain. The Scottish Executive sends a copy of the Scottish data to DfT, which holds a database of accident records for the whole of Great Britain.

167

3. Examples of forms that could be used to collect the data

This Annex provides examples of paper forms that could be used to collect the data for the road accident statistics. Two types of form are shown: a. the illustrative "Stats 19" form - this shows only the information which is collected for national statistical purposes; b. an example of a more sophisticated form, which was developed by Middlesex University - this shows both the information needed for national statistical purposes and examples of the kinds of other details which may be obtained for local use.

In both cases, separate pages are used for information about the Attendant Circumstances, the Vehicles involved and the Casualties. For example, the illustrative "Stats 19" form has a separate page for each Vehicle and a separate page for each Casualty. The "Middlesex University" form can hold details of two Casualties on one page, and details of two Vehicles (side by side) spread over two pages. What is sometimes referred to as an "accident book" would contain a number of such pages (when an accident involves more vehicles or more casualties than the book allows for, the officer can attach extra pages for the other vehicles and casualties). The "Middlesex University" form's pages differ in size, so that one can turn quickly to a particular page of the accident book.

In practice, each Police Force uses its own system, which often involves the information being keyed into a computer by the officer, or by the clerical staff whom the officer telephones to report the accident, rather than the use of paper forms. However, some police forces have recorded the information required for statistical purposes using forms which were, for example: a. based on the illustrative "Stats 19", with slight modifications to include boxes to collect additional information for local use, such as codes for the reporting officer, the Police beat on which the accident occurred, and the school attended (if a casualty was a school pupil en route to or from school); or b. in effect, a data preparation coding form with (e.g.) boxes for all the statistical information about the Attendant Circumstances, up to three Vehicles and up to four Casualties, and some information for local use, all on one double-sided A4 sheet. Anyone completing such a form would have to refer to a separate document for details of the codes for variables such as "Road Class", "Type of Vehicle" and "Pedestrian Location". As well as such forms, the Police Force would, of course, hold other information about the accident (for example, in the officer's notebook, reports and administrative records).

4. The illustrative "Stats 19" form

The first three pages of forms in this Annex together make up the illustrative "Stats 19" form. As mentioned above, this shows only the information that is collected for the national road accident statistics - i.e. just those details which are included in the statistical returns made to the Scottish Executive's Transport Statistics branch. Each variable has a reference number (e.g. 1.7 for the "Date" on the Attendant Circumstance form; 2.5 for the "Type of Vehicle" on the Vehicle form), which identifies the relevant section in the "Stats 20" Instructions for the Completion of the Road Accident Reports. There are some gaps in the sequence of numbers, which correspond to variables which are no longer part of the statistical returns - for example, "1.8" was used for "Day of Week", until this was dropped from the returns with effect from the start of 1994. The form is updated once the recommendations of each Quality Review (or, formerly, Quinquennial Review) have been finalised, to show the information that will be required for the national statistics once the changes take effect. The version shown here is labelled "STATS19 (1999)" because it came into effect at the start of 1999 ("DETR", "SO" and "WO" are the departmental names of that time).

168

5. The "Middlesex University" form

The form shown on the remaining pages of this Annex was developed by Middlesex University, as part of a research project “The Development of Improved Methods for Representing Road Accident Data”, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Two of the three objectives of the research were: a. to define the accident attributes required for the more effective diagnosis and design of accident remedial schemes and to integrate these with the data required for the compilation of national accident statistics; and b. to investigate methods of data collection and to design a police accident report form which includes the required attributes and reflects an intuitive perception of the causes of particular accidents.

The researchers surveyed Police Forces, found out about their methods of data collection, assessed the kinds of forms used, identified a number of deficiencies in their design, and developed the form which appears here. This was used on a small-scale trial basis by some officers in eight Police Forces: many found the form easy to complete once they were familiar with it. The researchers concluded that it would be difficult to produce a single form that satisfied the requirements of each police force, but forms based on sound principles of graphic design would be easier to complete and less prone to errors.

The researchers also considered an electronic version of the form, for use on a secure Intranet using World Wide Web technology, which was designed to be "independent of platform", relatively easy to produce, and to include data validation and "help" menus.

The "Middlesex University" form shows the kinds of information that may be collected for local use - for example, on the first of the "Vehicle" pages, there are boxes for the officer to tick to indicate whether the driving licence, insurance certificate, etc are in order; there is a page for witness statements; and so forth.

We are grateful to the researchers for permission to reproduce the form. For further information about the research project, the paper form, the electronic version, or subsequent Middlesex University work on this and related matters, please contact: Professor Chris Wright Transport Management Research Centre Middlesex University The Burroughs London NW4 4BT

Tel (direct line): 020 8411 5259 e-mail: c.wright@mdx.ac.uk

Information about other related work by Middlesex University is available at: http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/roadtraffic/welcome.htm

169

DET

R/S

O/W

O

Acc

iden

t Rec

ord

Atte

ndan

t Circ

umst

ance

s

STA

TS19

(199

9)

1.1

Rec

ord

Type

1.

14 R

oad

Type

1.

20a

Ped

estri

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ing

1.23

Roa

d S

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- H

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11

New

acc

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1

Rou

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out

1

Dry

15 A

men

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acci

dent

reco

rd

2

One

way

stre

et

0

No

cros

sing

faci

lity

with

in 5

0 m

etre

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2 W

et /

Dam

p

3 D

ual c

arria

gew

ay -

2 la

nes

ph

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al c

ross

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faci

lity

not c

ontro

lled

3

Sno

w

1.2

Pol

ice

Forc

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4 D

ual c

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3 or

mor

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nes

by

aut

horis

ed p

erso

n

4 F

rost

/ Ic

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5 S

ingl

e ca

rria

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ay -

sing

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ack

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1 C

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patro

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5 F

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(sur

face

wat

er o

ver 3

cm d

eep)

1.

3 A

ccid

ent R

ef N

o

6 S

ingl

e ca

rria

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ay -

2 la

nes

(one

in

2

Con

trol b

y ot

her a

utho

rised

per

son

6

Oil

or d

iese

l

eac

h di

rect

ion)

7 M

ud

7

Sin

gle

carr

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way

- 3

lane

s (tw

o w

ay

1.5

Num

ber o

f Veh

icle

cap

acity

) 1.

20b

Ped

estri

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ross

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R

ecor

ds

8

Sin

gle

carr

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way

- 4

or m

ore

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s

- P

hysi

cal F

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(t

wo

way

cap

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24 S

peci

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at S

ite

9

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0 N

o ph

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with

in

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Num

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f Cas

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50 m

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0 N

one

R

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1.15

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(mph

)

1 Z

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1 A

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traf

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4 P

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2 A

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def

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16 J

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Det

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3 P

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7 D

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20

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of ju

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junc

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4

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01

Rou

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8

Cen

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5

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02 M

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9 F

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1.9

Tim

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Day

03 T

or s

tagg

ered

junc

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05

Slip

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06 C

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s 1.

21 L

ight

Con

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ns

1.25

Car

riage

way

Haz

ards

07 M

ultip

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10 L

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Aut

horit

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08 U

sing

priv

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driv

e or

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1 D

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treet

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nt

0

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09 O

ther

junc

tion

2

Day

light

: no

stre

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ghtin

g

1 D

islo

dged

veh

icle

load

in c

arria

gew

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3

Day

light

: stre

et li

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know

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2 O

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obj

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1.11

Loc

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n Ju

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4 D

arkn

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stre

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and

lit

3

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acci

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10 d

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Grid

Ref

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5 D

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4 D

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1.17

Jun

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6 D

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no

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5 O

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ani

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or p

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in c

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1 A

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Per

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3

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22 W

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1.12

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5

Unc

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1 F

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with

out h

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1

At s

cene

1 M

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1.18

2nd

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2 A

(M)

1 M

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3 S

now

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with

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3

A

2 A

(M)

4

Fin

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4

B

3 A

5 R

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5

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6 S

now

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with

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27 D

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Spe

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Pro

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6 U

ncla

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5 C

7 F

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nkno

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19 2

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Num

ber

Day

M

onth

Ye

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rs

Min

s

24 h

our

0

0

1

Injury road accident reporting form - STATS 19

170

Year

s

DET

R/S

O/W

OVe

hicl

e R

ecor

d

S

TATS

19 (1

999)

2.1

Rec

ord

Type

2.8

Veh

icle

Mov

emen

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11Sk

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vertu

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rst P

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of I

mpa

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ss P

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2

1 N

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le re

cord

0 N

o sk

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0

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not

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3 O

ffsid

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25

Am

ende

d ve

hicl

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cord

1 N

5

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Park

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1

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2 N

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6

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n

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2 S

kidd

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7 W

3 J

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8

NW

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2.3

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5

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18P

art(s

) Dam

aged

2.9a

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icle

Loc

atio

n at

Tim

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Acc

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t -R

oad

0

0 N

one

06

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side

0 N

one

3 O

ffsid

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Und

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2.5

Type

of V

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01

Pre

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07

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/ re

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All

four

sid

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1

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ving

the

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ad

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2 R

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08

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f veh

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1 P

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15 O

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2 E

nter

ing

the

mai

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3 P

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9 C

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and

of

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oped

16

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3 O

n th

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04

Par

ked

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cle

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03

Mot

or c

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125

cc

17

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4 O

n th

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1

0 K

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a

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(i

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des

digg

ers

etc.

)

05

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1

1 O

ther

obj

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2

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3 N

ot tr

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04

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cc

18 T

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/ Li

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Tim

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0

8 T

axi

19

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t -R

estri

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Lan

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13V

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ng C

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f Driv

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09

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es m

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way

from

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n C

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ay

Estim

ated

if n

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10

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ibus

(8 -

16

20

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ds v

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le o

ver 3

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0

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not

leav

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ay

p

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ts)

to

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and

und

er 7

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0

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mai

n ca

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not i

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1

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t car

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way

nea

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23B

reat

h Te

st

11

Bus

or c

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(17

or

tonn

es m

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la

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2

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way

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d re

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m

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ts)

21 G

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veh

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7.5

1 T

ram

/ Li

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3 L

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traig

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head

at j

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0

Not

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5 D

river

not

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4 O

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and

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2 B

us la

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4

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t car

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1

Pos

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2 N

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6

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pro

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6 To

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d A

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4 C

ycle

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(on

mai

n ca

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5

Lef

t car

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3

Not

requ

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d

(m

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al re

ason

s)

5 C

ycle

way

(sep

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ed fr

om m

ain

re

serv

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n an

d re

boun

ded

4

Ref

used

to p

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de

0 N

o to

w o

r arti

cula

tion

3 C

arav

an

ca

rria

gew

ay)

6

Lef

t car

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way

offs

ide

and

cros

sed

1

Arti

cula

ted

vehi

cle

4

Sin

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traile

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6 O

n la

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or h

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shou

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cent

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vatio

n 2.

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it an

d R

un

2 D

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mul

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5 O

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tow

7 E

nter

ing

lay-

by o

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d sh

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er

7

Lef

t car

riage

way

offs

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8

Lea

ving

lay-

by o

r har

d sh

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er

8

Lef

t car

riage

way

offs

ide

and

rebo

unde

d

0 O

ther

2

Non

-sto

p ve

hicl

e,

2.7

Man

oeuv

res

9

Foo

tway

(pav

emen

t)

1 H

it an

d R

un

no

t hit

2.14

Hit

Obj

ect O

ff C

arria

gew

ay

01

Rev

ersi

ng

12 C

hang

ing

lane

to ri

ght

2.25

DE

TR S

peci

al P

roje

cts

0

2 P

arke

d

13

Ove

rtaki

ng m

ovin

g 2.

10Ju

nctio

n Lo

catio

n of

Veh

icle

0

0 N

one

0

3 W

aitin

g to

go

ahea

d

v

ehic

le o

n its

offs

ide

at F

irst I

mpa

ct

01

Roa

d si

gn /

Traf

fic s

igna

l 2.

26Ve

hicl

e R

egis

tratio

n

but

hel

d up

14 O

verta

king

sta

tiona

ry

0

2 L

amp

post

M

ark

(VR

M)

0

4 S

topp

ing

veh

icle

on

its o

ffsid

e

0 N

ot a

t jun

ctio

n (o

r with

in 2

0 m

etre

s)

0

3 T

eleg

raph

pol

e / E

lect

ricity

pol

e

Spe

cial

cod

es:

0

5 S

tarti

ng

15 O

verta

king

on

near

side

1 V

ehic

le a

ppro

achi

ng ju

nctio

n or

par

ked

at

0

4 T

ree

2

For

eign

/ D

iplo

mat

ic

4 T

rade

pla

tes

0

6 U

turn

16

Goi

ng a

head

left

hand

junc

tion

appr

oach

05

Bus

sto

p / B

us s

helte

r

3 M

ilita

ry

9 U

nkno

wn

0

7 T

urni

ng le

ft

bend

2 V

ehic

le in

mid

dle

of ju

nctio

n

06

Cen

tral c

rash

bar

rier

0

8 W

aitin

g to

turn

left

17

Goi

ng a

head

righ

t

3 V

ehic

le c

lear

ed ju

nctio

n or

par

ked

at

0

7 N

ears

ide

or o

ffsid

e cr

ash

barr

ier

2.27

Driv

er

09

Tur

ning

righ

t

ha

nd b

end

ju

nctio

n ex

it

08

Sub

mer

ged

in w

ater

(com

plet

ely)

P

ostc

ode

1

0 W

aitin

g to

turn

righ

t

18 G

oing

ahe

ad

4

Did

not

impa

ct

0

9 E

nter

ed d

itch

S

peci

al c

odes

:

2 N

on-U

K re

side

nt

1

1 C

hang

ing

lane

to le

ft

1

0 O

ther

per

man

ent o

bjec

t

1 U

nkno

wn

3

Par

ked

and

unat

tend

ed

From

To

2

00

* co

de 1

-8

*0

171

DET

R/S

O/W

OC

asua

lty R

ecor

d

STA

TS19

(199

9)

3.1

Rec

ord

Type

3.

7 Se

x of

Cas

ualty

3.

11 P

edes

trian

Mov

emen

t3.

13 S

choo

l Pup

il C

asua

lty

3

1 N

ew c

asua

lty re

cord

1 M

ale

0

Not

a p

edes

trian

1 S

choo

l pup

il on

jour

ney

to o

r fro

m

3

5 A

men

ded

casu

alty

reco

rd

2

Fem

ale

1

Cro

ssin

g fro

m d

river

’s n

ears

ide

s

choo

l

2 C

ross

ing

from

driv

er’s

nea

rsid

e - m

aske

d

0 O

ther

b

y pa

rked

or s

tatio

nary

veh

icle

3 C

ross

ing

from

driv

er’s

offs

ide

4

Cro

ssin

g fro

m d

river

’s o

ffsid

e - m

aske

d

by

park

ed o

r sta

tiona

ry v

ehic

le

3.2

Pol

ice

Forc

e 3.

8 A

ge o

f Cas

ualty

5 In

car

riage

way

, sta

tiona

ry -

not c

ross

ing

3.15

Car

Pas

seng

er

Es

timat

ed if

nec

essa

ry

(sta

ndin

g or

pla

ying

)

6 In

car

riage

way

, sta

tiona

ry -

not c

ross

ing

0

Not

a c

ar p

asse

nger

(s

tand

ing

or p

layi

ng),

mas

ked

by

1

Fro

nt s

eat p

asse

nger

p

arke

d or

sta

tiona

ry v

ehic

le

2

Rea

r sea

t pas

seng

er

7

Wal

king

alo

ng in

car

riage

way

- fa

cing

3.

3 A

ccid

ent R

ef N

o 3.

9 S

ever

ity o

f Cas

ualty

tra

ffic

8

Wal

king

alo

ng in

car

riage

way

- ba

ck to

1 F

atal

tra

ffic

2

Ser

ious

9 U

nkno

wn

or o

ther

3 S

light

3.

16 B

us o

r Coa

ch P

asse

nger

3.4

Vehi

cle

Ref

No

0

Not

a b

us o

r coa

ch p

asse

nger

1 B

oard

ing

2

Alig

htin

g

3 S

tand

ing

pass

enge

r 3.

10 P

edes

trian

Loc

atio

n 3.

12 P

edes

trian

Dire

ctio

n

4 S

eate

d pa

ssen

ger

3.5

Cas

ualty

Ref

No

00

Not

a p

edes

trian

Com

pass

poi

nt b

ound

01 I

n ca

rria

gew

ay, c

ross

ing

on p

edes

trian

cro

ssin

g fa

cilit

y

1 N

02 I

n ca

rria

gew

ay, c

ross

ing

with

in z

ig-z

ag

2

NE

lines

at c

ross

ing

appr

oach

3 E

3.

17 D

ETR

Spe

cial

Pro

ject

s

03 I

n ca

rria

gew

ay, c

ross

ing

with

in z

ig-z

ag

4

SE

lines

at c

ross

ing

exit

5

S

3.6

Cas

ualty

Cla

ss

04

In

carr

iage

way

, cro

ssin

g el

sew

here

6 S

W

with

in 5

0 m

etre

s of

ped

estri

an c

ross

ing

7

W

1

Driv

er o

r rid

er

05

In

carr

iage

way

, cro

ssin

g el

sew

here

8 N

W

2

Veh

icle

or p

illio

n pa

ssen

ger

06

On

foot

way

or v

erge

9 U

nkno

wn

3.18

Cas

ualty

3 P

edes

trian

07 O

n re

fuge

, cen

tral i

slan

d or

cen

tral

0

Sta

ndin

g st

ill

Pos

tcod

e

r

eser

vatio

n

08 I

n ce

ntre

of c

arria

gew

ay, n

ot o

n re

fuge

,

Spe

cial

cod

es:

cen

tral i

slan

d or

cen

tral r

eser

vatio

n

1 U

nkno

wn

09

In

carr

iage

way

, not

cro

ssin

g

2 N

on-U

K re

side

nt

10

Unk

now

n or

oth

er

Year

s

3

172

Acci

dent

Rep

ort

Tim

e hr

sD

ate

/

/

No.

of v

ehic

les

No.

of c

asua

ltie

s

Boo

k no

.of

Boo

ks

DoT

Spe

cial

Pro

ject

s:

Acc

iden

t R

epor

ted

athr

s on

/

/

b

y....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

If r

epor

ted

“ove

r th

e co

unte

r”:

Offi

cer

reco

rdin

g ....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Sta

tion

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.. O

IS R

ef: .

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Type

of A

ccid

ent

■■■

Fata

l■■■

Se

riou

s■■■

Sl

ight

■■■

Dam

age

Onl

y■■■

Po

lice

Vehi

cle

■■■

Non

-sto

p

Map

Ref

eren

ce

■■■A

t sc

ene

(1)

■■■El

sew

here

(2)

Pla

ce A

ccid

ent

Rep

orte

d

Polic

e Fo

rce

num

ber

Stat

ion

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Loca

l Aut

hori

ty...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Acc

iden

t R

ef. N

umbe

r

:

173

174

Cas

ualt

yR

ef. N

o.Sl

ight

(3)

Seri

ous(

2)Fa

tal(1

)

■■■

■■

Cro

ssin

g fr

om D

river

’s n

ears

ide

(1)

■■■

■■

Cro

ssin

g fr

om d

river

’s o

ffsid

e (2

)

■■■

■■

In c

arria

gew

ay s

tatio

nary

–not

cro

ssin

g (3

)

■■■

■■

Wal

king

alo

ng in

c’w

ay–f

acin

g tr

affic

(4)

■■■

■■

Wal

king

alo

ng in

c’w

ay–b

ack

to t

raffi

c (5

)

■■■

■■

Unk

now

n or

oth

er (6

)

Mas

ked

by p

arke

d/st

atio

nary

veh

icle

s?■■■

■■

Ye

s (1

)

■■■

■■

No

(2)

Mov

emen

tLo

cati

on

Cas

ualty

ref

. no.

Bus

/coa

ch p

asse

nger

Car

pas

seng

er

Posi

tion

in

Vehi

cle

■■

■■

On

foot

way

or

verg

e (6

)

■■■

■■

On

refu

ge, c

entr

al is

land

or

rese

rvat

ion

(7)

■■■

■■

In c

entr

e of

c’w

ay n

ot o

n re

fuge

, etc

. (8)

■■■

■■

In c

arria

gew

ay

■ ■■

■■

Unk

now

n or

oth

er (1

0)■■■

■■

on

ped

estr

ian

cros

sing

faci

lity

(1)

■■■

■■

cros

sing

with

in z

ig-z

ag li

nes

at c

ross

ing

appr

oach

(2)

■■■

■■

cros

sing

with

in z

ig-z

ag li

nes

at c

ross

ing

exit

(3)

■■■

■■

with

in 5

0m o

f cro

ssin

g (4

)

■■■

■■

cros

sing

else

whe

re (5

)

■■■

■■

not

cros

sing

(9)

N

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

Nam

e....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Post

code

Tel.

......

......

......

......

......

.A

geSe

x ■■■

Mal

e(1)

■■■Fe

mal

e(2)

Cas

ualt

y in

/on

or fi

rst

hit

by V

ehic

le R

ef n

o.

Inju

ries

. .....

......

......

......

......

..

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Unk

now

n(1)

Non

UK

res

iden

t(2)

Dir

ecti

on■■

■■

St

andi

ng S

till (

0)

■■■

■■

Wal

king

■ ■■

■■

Unk

now

n(9

)

Sta

tem

ent

Take

n?

Yes

No

Ho

spit

al t

aken

to

:D

etai

ned

?

Yes

N

o

Rel

ativ

es A

war

e?Ye

s

N

o

If p

up

il, s

cho

ol n

ame:

Tr

avel

ling

to

/fro

m s

cho

ol?

Y

es (

1)N

o(0

)

Casu

alty

Rec

ords

Posi

tion

in

Vehi

cle

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

S

12

3

45

67

8

N S

12

3

45

67

8

Cas

ualt

yR

ef. N

o.Sl

ight

(3)

Seri

ous(

2)Fa

tal(1

)

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

Nam

e....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Post

code

Tel.

......

......

......

......

......

.A

geSe

x ■■■

Mal

e(1)

■■■Fe

mal

e(2)

Cas

ualt

y in

/on

or fi

rst

hit

by V

ehic

le R

ef n

o.

Inju

ries

. .....

......

......

......

......

..

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Unk

now

n(1)

Non

UK

res

iden

t(2)

Sta

tem

ent

Take

n?

Yes

No

Ho

spit

al t

aken

to

:D

etai

ned

?

Yes

N

o

Rel

ativ

es A

war

e?Ye

s

N

o

If p

up

il, s

cho

ol n

ame:

Tr

avel

ling

to

/fro

m s

cho

ol?

Y

es (

1)N

o(0

)

■■■

■■

Boar

ding

(1)

■■■

■■

Alig

htin

g(2

)

■■■

■■

Stan

ding

(3)

■■■

■■

Seat

ed(4

)C

asua

lty

clas

s

■■■

■■

Dri

ver/

ride

r(1

)

■■■

■■

Vehi

cle/

pilli

on P

asse

nger

(2)

■■■

■■

Pede

stri

an (3

)

175

Vehi

cle

Ref

. No.

Ref N

o. o

f O

ther

Veh

icle

Hit

Reg

. No.

Insu

ran

ce C

o. .

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Cer

t. N

o. .

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Dri

ver

No

. ....

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Tick

if in

ord

er

■ ■■D

L

■■■C

OI

■■■M

OT

■■■V.

E.L

■■■O

ther

HO

RT

/1 is

sued

?■■■

Yes

■■■N

o

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

Nam

e....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

Post

code

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

Te

l....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

Nam

e....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Post

code

Age

Sex

Mal

e(1

)

Fem

ale

(2)

Not

tra

ced

(3)

Unk

now

n(1

)N

on U

K r

esid

ent

(2)

Vehi

cle

park

ed a

nd u

natt

ende

d(3)

DR

IVER

Tel .

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Stat

emen

t Ta

ken?

Yes

N

o

Vehi

cle

fail

to s

top?

Yes

(0)

No

(1)

Yes

- no

t hi

t (2

)

Part

s D

amag

ed

Vehi

cle

Col

our

Mak

e/M

odel

(if

M/C

incl

ude

cc)

Vehi

cle

rem

oved

by

Vehi

cle

Reco

rds

(4)

(3)

(1)

(2)

none

(0)

roof

(5)

unde

rsid

e(6

)

all f

our

sides

(7)

Vehi

cle

Ref

. No.

Ref N

o. o

f O

ther

Veh

icle

Hit

Reg

. No.

Insu

ran

ce C

o. .

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Cer

t. N

o. .

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Dri

ver

No

. ....

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Tick

if in

ord

er

■ ■■D

L

■ ■■C

OI

■ ■■M

OT

■ ■■V.

E.L

■ ■■O

ther

HO

RT

/1 is

sued

?■■■

Yes

■ ■■N

o

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

Nam

e....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

Post

code

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

Te

l....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

Nam

e....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Post

code

Age

Sex

Mal

e(1

)

Fem

ale

(2)

Not

tra

ced

(3)

Unk

now

n(1

)N

on U

K r

esid

ent

(2)

Vehi

cle

park

ed a

nd u

natt

ende

d(3)

DR

IVER

Tel .

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Stat

emen

t Ta

ken?

Yes

N

o

Vehi

cle

fail

to s

top?

Yes

(0)

No

(1)

Yes

- no

t hi

t (2

)

Part

s D

amag

ed

Vehi

cle

Col

our

Mak

e/M

odel

(if

M/C

incl

ude

cc)

Vehi

cle

rem

oved

by

(1)

(2)

none

(0)

roof

(5)

unde

rsid

e(6

)

all f

our

sides

(7)

OW

NER

OW

NER

(4)

(3)

176

Vehi

cle

Reco

rds

Vehi

cle

ref.

no:

Type

of V

ehic

le■■■

■■ P

edal

cyc

le (1

)

■■■ ■■

Mop

ed(2

)

■■■ ■■

Mot

orcy

cle

■■■ ■■

Tax

i (8)

■■■ ■■

Car

(9)

■■■ ■■

Min

ibus

(8-1

6 se

ats)

(10)

■■■ ■■

Bus

or

Coa

ch (o

ver

17 s

eats

) (11

)

■■■ ■■

Oth

er m

otor

veh

icle

(14)

■■■ ■■

Oth

er n

on-m

otor

veh

icle

(15)

■■■ ■■

Rid

den

hors

e (1

6)

■■■ ■■

Agr

icul

tura

l veh

icle

s (in

c. d

igge

rs, e

tc.)(

17)

■■■ ■■

Tra

m/L

ight

rai

l (18

)

■■■ ■■

Goo

ds V

ehic

le

Tow

ing

and

Art

icul

atio

n■■■

■■N

o to

w o

r ar

ticul

atio

n (0

)

■■■ ■■

Art

icul

ated

veh

icle

(1)

■■■ ■■

Dou

ble

or m

ultip

le t

raile

r (2

)

■■■ ■■

Car

avan

(3)

■■■ ■■

Sing

le t

raile

r (4

)

■■■ ■■

Oth

er t

ow (5

)

Junc

tion

Loc

atio

n of

Veh

icle

at

Fir

st I

mpa

ct■■■

■■ N

ot a

t ju

nctio

n (o

r w

ithin

20

met

res)

(0)

■■■ ■■

Veh

icle

app

roac

hing

junc

tion

or

park

ed a

t ju

nctio

n ap

proa

ch (1

)

■■■ ■■

Veh

icle

in m

iddl

e of

junc

tion

(2)

■■■ ■■

Veh

icle

cle

ared

junc

tion

or

park

ed a

t ju

nctio

n ex

it (3

)

■■■ ■■

Did

not

impa

ct (4

)

Vehi

cle

Ori

enta

tion

Skid

ding

and

Jac

k-kn

ifing

■■■ ■■

No

skid

ding

, jac

k-kn

ifing

(0)

■■■ ■■

Ski

dded

(1)

■■■ ■■

Jac

k-kn

ifed

(3)

Did

the

veh

icle

Ove

rtur

n?■■■

■■ Y

es (1

)

■■■ ■■

No

(2) Bre

ath

Test

■■■ ■■

Not

app

licab

le (0

)

■■■ ■■

Pos

itive

(1)

■■■ ■■

Neg

ativ

e(2

)

■■■ ■■

Not

req

uest

ed (3

)

■■■ ■■

Ref

used

to

prov

ide

(4)

■■■ ■■

Driv

er n

ot c

onta

cted

at

tim

e (5

)

■■■ ■■

Doc

tor

refu

sed

perm

issio

n (6

)

■■■ ■■

unde

r 3.

5T (1

9)

■■■ ■■

over

3.5

T (2

0)

■■■ ■■

over

7.5

T (2

1)

■■■ ■■

left

(7)

■■■ ■■

rig

ht(9

)■■■

■■ t

o le

ft (1

1)

■■■ ■■

to

right

(12)

■■■ ■■

mov

ing

vehi

cle

on it

s of

fsid

e (1

3)

■■■ ■■

sta

tiona

ry v

ehic

le o

n its

offs

ide

(14)

■■■ ■■

on

near

side

(15)

Man

oeuv

res

■■■ ■■

Rev

ersin

g (1

)

■■■ ■■

Par

ked

(2)

■■■ ■■

Sto

ppin

g(4

)

■■■ ■■

Sta

rtin

g(5

)

■■■ ■■

Wai

ting

■■■ ■■

Tur

ning

■■■ ■■

Cha

ngin

g La

ne

■■■ ■■

Ove

rtak

ing

■■■ ■■

Goi

ng a

head

■■■ ■■

left

hand

ben

d(1

6)

■■■ ■■

rig

ht h

and

bend

(17)

■■■ ■■

oth

er(1

8)

Hit

Obj

ect

Off

Car

riag

eway

■■■ ■■

Non

e(0

)

■■■ ■■

Roa

d sig

n / T

raffi

c sig

nal (

1)

■■■ ■■

Lam

p po

st (2

)

■■■ ■■

Tel

egra

ph p

ole

/ Ele

ctric

ity p

ole

(3)

■■■ ■■

Tre

e (4

)

■■■ ■■

Bus

sto

p / B

us s

helte

r (5

)

■■■ ■■

Cen

tral

cra

sh b

arrie

r (6

)

■■■ ■■

Nea

rsid

e or

offs

ide

cras

h ba

rrie

r (7

)

■■■ ■■

Sub

mer

ged

in w

ater

(com

plet

ely)

(8)

■■■ ■■

Ent

ered

ditc

h (9

)

■■■ ■■

Oth

er p

erm

anen

t ob

ject

(10)

■■■ ■■

ont

o ce

ntra

l res

erva

tion

(4)

■■■ ■■

cro

ssed

cen

tral

res

erva

tion

(6)

■■■ ■■

non

e of

the

abo

ve (7

)

Vehi

cle

Leav

ing

Car

riag

eway

■■■ ■■

Did

not

leav

e c’

way

(0)

■■■ ■■

Lef

t c’

way

nea

rsid

e (1

)

■■■ ■■

Lef

t c’

way

str

aigh

t ah

ead

at ju

nctio

n (3

)

■■■ ■■

Lef

t c’

way

offs

ide

Did

the

veh

icle

reb

ound

?

■■■ ■■

Yes

(1)

■■■ ■■

No

(2)

indi

cate

From

and

To

Firs

t Po

int

of I

mpa

ct■■■

■■ D

id n

ot im

pact

(0)

■■■ ■■

Fro

nt (1

)

■■■ ■■

Bac

k(2

)

■■■ ■■

Offs

ide

(3)

■■■ ■■

Nea

rsid

e(4

)

■■■ ■■

und

er 1

25cc

(3)

■■■ ■■

ove

r 12

5cc

(4)

■■■ ■■

to

go a

head

(3)

■■■ ■■

to

turn

left

(8)

■■■ ■■

to

turn

rig

ht (1

0)

Vehi

cle

Mov

emen

t■■■

■■ M

ovin

g

■■■ ■■

Par

ked

■■■ ■■

at

kerb

(0)

■■■ ■■

not

at

kerb

N1

2

3

45

67

8

N1

2

3

45

67

8

Hit

Obj

ect

In C

arri

agew

ay■■■

■■ N

one

(0)

■■■ ■■

Pre

viou

s A

ccid

ent

(1)

■■■ ■■

Roa

d w

orks

(2)

■■■ ■■

Par

ked

vehi

cle

■ ■■ ■■

Brid

ge

■ ■■ ■■

Bol

lard

/ Re

fuge

(7)

■■■ ■■

Ope

n do

or o

f veh

icle

(8)

■■■ ■■

Cen

tral

isla

nd o

f rou

ndab

out (

9)

■■■ ■■

Ker

b (1

0)

■■■ ■■

Oth

er o

bjec

t (1

1)

■■■ ■■

lit

(3)

■■■ ■■

unl

it(4

)

■■■ ■■

sid

e(6

)

■■■ ■■

roo

f(5)

SS

On

Roa

d■■■

■■ L

eavi

ng t

he m

ain

road

(1)

■■■ ■■

Ent

erin

g th

e m

ain

road

(2)

■■■ ■■

On

the

mai

n ro

ad (3

)

■■■ ■■

On

the

min

or r

oad

(4)

■■■ ■■

Tra

m/li

ght

rail

trac

k (6

)

■■■ ■■

Bus

lane

(7)

■■■ ■■

Bus

way

(inc

ludi

ng g

uide

d bu

s w

ay) (

8)

■■■ ■■

Cyc

le la

ne (o

n m

ain

c’w

ay)(

9)

■■■ ■■

Cyc

lew

ay (s

epar

ated

from

mai

n c’

way

)(10

)

■■■ ■■

On

lay-

by o

r ha

rd s

houl

der

(11)

■■■ ■■

Ent

erin

g la

y-by

or

hard

sho

ulde

r (1

2)

■■■ ■■

Lea

ving

lay-

by o

r ha

rd s

houl

der

(13)

■■■ ■■

Foo

tway

(pav

emen

t) (1

4)

On

Res

tric

ted

lane

– a

way

from

mai

n c’

way

Vehi

cle

Loca

tion

at

Fir

st I

mpa

ct

177

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

N

ame

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Age

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Pos

tcod

e

Tel.

Hom

e ...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

W

ork

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Loca

tion

of W

itne

ss...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Expl

anat

ion

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Dri

ver

ref.

no.

..

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

..

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Dri

ver

r

ef. n

o.

..

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Cas

ualt

yre

f. no

.

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Cas

ualt

yre

f. no

.

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Stat

emen

ts

Oth

er E

xpla

nati

ons

(if O

.I.C

. not

obt

aini

ng s

tate

men

ts) :

Wit

ness

es

1

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

N

ame

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Age

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Pos

tcod

e

Tel.

Hom

e ...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

W

ork

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Loca

tion

of W

itne

ss...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Expl

anat

ion

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

2

Mr

/ Mrs

/ M

iss

N

ame

.....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

Age

Add

ress

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Pos

tcod

e

Tel.

Hom

e ...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

W

ork

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....

Loca

tion

of W

itne

ss...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

Expl

anat

ion

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.

3

178

1st

Roa

d C

lass

■■■

Mot

orw

ay(1

)

■■■

A (M

) (2)

■■■

A(3

)

■■■

B(4

)

■■■

C(5

)

■■■

Unc

lass

ified

(6)

Wea

ther

Con

diti

ons

■■■

Fine

(1)

■■■

Rain

ing

(2)

■■■

Snow

ing

(3)

■■■

Fog

or m

ist–i

f haz

ard

(4)

■■■

Oth

er(5

)

■■■

Unk

now

n(6

)

Wer

e th

ere

high

win

ds?

■■■ Y

es(1

)■■■

No

(2)

Roa

d Su

rfac

e■■■

D

ry(1

)

■■■

Wet

/Dam

p(2

)

■■■

Snow

(3)

■■■

Fros

t/Ic

e(4

)

■■■

Floo

d(5

)(s

urfa

ce o

ver

3cm

)

■■■

Oil

or d

iese

l(6)

■■■

Mud

(7)

Spee

d Li

mit

of 1

st R

oad:

1st

Roa

d N

o.:

Exac

t lo

cati

on t

o ne

ares

t ju

ncti

on

Car

riag

eway

Haz

ards

■■■

Non

e(0

)

■■■

Disl

odge

d ve

hicl

e lo

ad in

c’w

ay(1

)

■■■

Oth

er o

bjec

t in

c’w

ay(2

)

■■■

Invo

lvem

ent

with

pre

viou

s ac

cide

nt(3

)

■■■

Dog

in c

’way

(4)

■■■

Oth

er a

nim

al o

r pe

dest

rian

in c

’way

(5)

Spec

ial C

ondi

tion

s at

Sit

e■■■

N

one

(0)

■■■

Aut

omat

ic t

raffi

c sig

nal o

ut(1

)

■■■

Aut

omat

ic t

raffi

c sig

nal p

artia

lly d

efec

tive

(2)

■■■

Perm

anen

t ro

ad s

igni

ng d

efec

tive

or o

bscu

red

(3)

■■■

Road

wor

ks p

rese

nt(4

)

■■■

Road

sur

face

def

ectiv

e(5

)

Roa

d Ty

pe■■■

Ro

unda

bout

(1)

■■■

One

way

str

eet

(2)

■■■

Dua

l Car

riage

way

■ ■■

Sing

le c

arria

gew

ay

■■■

Unk

now

n(9

)

■■■

2la

nes

(3)

■■■

3or

mor

e la

nes

(4)

■■■

sing

letr

ack

road

(5)

■■■

2la

nes–

two

way

cap

acity

(6)

■■■

3la

nes–

two

way

cap

acity

(7)

■■■

4or

mor

e la

nes–

two

way

cap

acity

(8)

App

aren

t C

ircu

mst

ance

s of

Acc

iden

t...

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Pro

pert

y D

amag

ed/A

nim

al I

njur

ed .

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

...

Ow

ners

:....

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

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...

Ow

ners

info

rmed

at

tim

e?■■■

Yes

■■■N

o

Pari

sh/T

own

Atte

ndan

t Ci

rcum

stan

ces■■■

C

ontr

olle

d by

sch

ool c

ross

ing

patr

ol (1

)

■■■

Con

trol

led

by o

ther

aut

horis

ed p

erso

n (2

)

■■■

Zeb

ra C

ross

ing

(3)

■■■

Pelic

an, p

uffin

, tou

can

or s

imila

r no

n-ju

nctio

n pe

dest

rian

light

cro

ssin

g (4

)

■■■

Pede

stria

n ph

ase

at t

raffi

c sig

nal j

unct

ion

(5)

■■■

Cen

tral

Ref

uge–

no o

ther

con

trol

s(6

)

■■■

Foot

brid

ge o

r su

bway

(7)

Pede

stri

an C

ross

ing

■■■

No

cros

sing

faci

lity

with

in 5

0 m

etre

s (0

)

■■■

Cro

ssin

g fa

cilit

y av

aila

ble

Phy

sica

l Fac

iliti

es

Hum

an C

ontr

ol

■■■

Roun

dabo

ut (

1)

■■■

Min

i rou

ndab

out

(2)

■■■

T o

r st

agge

red

junc

tion

(3)

■■■

Slip

roa

d (5

)

■■■

Cro

ssro

ads

(6)

■■■

Mul

tiple

junc

tion

(7)

■■■

Usin

g pr

ivat

e dr

ive

or e

ntra

nce

(8)

■■■

Oth

er ju

nctio

n (9

)

■■■

Mot

orw

ay(1

)

■■■

A (M

)(2)

■■■

A(3

)

■■■

B(4

)

■■■

C(5

)

■■■

Unc

lass

ified

(6)

2nd

Roa

d C

lass

Junc

tion

Con

trol

■■■

Aut

horis

ed p

erso

n (1

)

■■■

Aut

omat

ic t

raffi

c sig

nal (

2)

■■■

Stop

sig

n(3

)

■■■

Giv

e w

ay s

ign

or m

arki

ngs

(4)

■■■

Unc

ontr

olle

d(5

)

2nd

Roa

d N

umbe

r

■■■

Not

at o

r w

ithin

20m

of j

unct

ion

(0)

Junc

tion

Det

ail

Ligh

t C

ondi

tion

s

■■■

Day

light

(1)

■■■

Dar

knes

s(2

)

■■■

lit(6

)

■■■

unlit

(7)

■■■

pres

ent(

3)

■■■

not

pres

ent(

4)

■■■

unkn

own

(5)

Stre

et li

ghti

ng

179

Fo

rm X

YZ

cf4

C

rim

inal

Ju

stic

e C

J 00

/00

Rep

orti

ng O

ffice

rs S

ubm

issi

ons

The

O.I.

C. m

ust

indi

cate

the

act

ions

tha

t

C.J.

O. s

houl

d co

mpl

ete:

Send

N.I.

P.Ve

hicl

e N

o.:

Send

121

6Ve

hicl

e N

o.:

DQ

1D

river

s:

VQ1

Vehi

cle

No.

:

Obt

ain

Stat

emen

ts/ S

end

Que

stio

nnai

res

Oth

er (s

peci

fy):

Tic

k if

incl

uded

:Pr

ofor

ma

Stat

emen

t

Witn

ess

Stat

emen

ts

Sket

ch P

lan

Cop

y of

PN

B

Con

tem

p N

otes

Oth

er (s

peci

fy):

Rep

orti

ng O

ffice

rN

ame:

Sign

atur

e:

Forc

e N

o.:

Are

a Su

perv

isor

’s D

ecis

ion

Com

men

ts:

Tic

k if

incl

uded

:R

egis

trat

ion

& R

etur

n to

O.I.

C

To C

.J.O

. for

:Pr

osec

utio

n

Cau

tion

- Le

tter

NFA

- L

ette

r

Obt

ain

furt

her

evid

ence

Supe

rvis

orN

ame:

Sign

atur

e:

Forc

e N

o.:

What

went

wron

g?■■■

Sw

erve

d to

avo

id o

bjec

t in

c’w

ay(9

)

■■■

Sudd

en b

raki

ng (1

0)

■■■

Poor

tur

n / m

anoe

uvre

(11)

■■■

Poor

ove

rtak

ing

(12)

■■■

Dro

ve w

rong

way

(e.g

. one

–way

str

eet)

(13)

■■■

Ope

ning

doo

r ca

rele

ssly

(14)

■■■

Oth

er (p

leas

e su

pply

det

ails)

(15)

Mano

euvr

esFa

ilure

of Dr

iver /

Ride

r■■■

Fa

iled

to s

top

(man

dato

ry s

ign)

(1)

■■■

Faile

d to

giv

e w

ay (2

)

■■■

Faile

d to

avo

id p

edes

tria

n (p

edes

tria

n no

t to

bla

me)

(3)

■■■

Faile

d to

avo

id v

ehic

le /

obje

ct in

c’w

ay(4

)

■■■

Failu

re t

o sig

nal /

misl

eadi

ng s

igna

l (5)

■■■

Loss

of c

ontr

ol o

f veh

icle

(6)

Perc

eptio

nO

R

Why?Acci

dent

Cau

satio

n Fa

ctor

s

■■■

Pede

stria

n en

tere

d c’

way

with

out

due

care

(driv

er/r

ider

not

to

blam

e) (7

)

■■■

Pass

enge

r fe

ll in

or

near

PSV

(8)

Failu

re of

Pede

strian

/Pass

enge

r

Tic

k (✓

) onl

yon

e.

Vehi

cle

Cas

ualt

yR

ef. N

o.

Cho

ose

up t

o fo

urC

ausa

tion

Fact

ors

and

indi

cate

the

m in

ord

erof

impo

rtan

ce(1

,2,3

, or

4).

Show

conf

iden

cein

the

cod

es b

yde

letin

g as

app

ropr

iate

:A

=D

efin

ite,

B=

Pro

babl

eor

C=

Poss

ible

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

impa

ired

by a

lcoh

ol(1

)

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

impa

ired

by d

rugs

(2)

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

impa

ired

by fa

tigue

(3)

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

impa

ired

by il

lnes

s(4

)

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

dist

ract

ed d

ue t

o st

ress

/em

otio

nal s

tate

of m

ind

(5)

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

dist

ract

ed b

y ph

ysic

al d

istra

ctio

n in

/on

vehi

cle

(6)

……

A/B

/CPe

rson

dist

ract

ed b

y ph

ysic

al d

istra

ctio

n ou

tsid

e ve

hicl

e(7

)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on w

as p

anic

king

(8)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on w

as c

arel

ess/

thou

ghtle

ss/r

eckl

ess

(9)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on w

as n

ervo

us/u

ncer

tain

(10)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on w

as in

a h

urry

(11)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on fa

iled

to ju

dge

othe

r pe

rson

’s p

ath/

spee

d (1

2)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on’s

Disa

bilit

y (1

3)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on fa

iled

to lo

ok (1

4)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on lo

oked

but

did

not

see

(15)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on d

id n

ot p

ay a

tten

tion

(16)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on h

it w

ore

dark

/inco

nspi

cuou

s cl

othi

ng (1

7)

……

A/B

/C

Pers

on o

ther

(ple

ase

supp

ly d

etai

ls) (1

8)

……

A/B

/C

Pede

stri

ancr

osse

d fr

om b

ehin

d pa

rked

veh

icle

, etc

. (19

)

……

A/B

/C

Pede

stria

n ig

nore

d lig

hts

at c

ross

¡ing

(20)

……

A/B

/C

Dri

ver

driv

ing

at e

xces

sive

spee

d (2

1)

……

A/B

/C

Driv

er fo

llow

ing

too

clos

e(22

)

……

A/B

/C

Driv

er’s

ine

xper

ienc

e of

driv

ing

(23)

……

A/B

/C

Driv

er’s

ine

xper

ienc

e of

veh

icle

(24)

……

A/B

/C

Driv

er in

tera

cted

or

com

pete

d w

ith o

ther

roa

d us

ers

(25)

……

A/B

/C

Driv

er w

as d

rivin

g ag

gres

sivel

y (2

6)

……

A/B

/C

Driv

er la

cked

judg

emen

t of

ow

n pa

th (2

7)

……

A/B

/CVe

hicl

e’s

tyre

s ha

d th

e w

rong

pre

ssur

e(2

8)

……

A/B

/CVe

hicl

e’s

tyre

s w

ere

defla

ted

befo

re im

pact

(29)

……

A/B

/CVe

hicl

e’s

tyre

s w

ere

wor

n/in

suffi

cien

t tr

ead

(30)

……

A/B

/C

Vehi

cle

had

defe

ctiv

e lig

hts

or s

igna

ls (3

1)

……

A/B

/C

Vehi

cle

had

defe

ctiv

e br

akes

(32)

……

A/B

/C

Vehi

cle

othe

r (p

leas

e su

pply

det

ails)

(33)

Det

ails

of a

ny O

TH

ERfa

ctor

s:

……

A/B

/C

Site

had

poor

roa

d su

rfac

e (3

4)

……

A/B

/CSi

teha

d po

or/n

o st

reet

ligh

ting

(35)

……

A/B

/CSi

teha

d in

adeq

uate

sig

ning

(36)

……

A/B

/CSi

teha

d st

eep

hill

(37)

……

A/B

/CSi

teha

d na

rrow

roa

d (3

8)

……

A/B

/CSi

teha

d be

ndin

g/w

indi

ng r

oad

(39)

……

A/B

/CSi

teha

d ro

adw

orks

(40)

……

A/B

/C

Slip

pery

roa

d at

site

(41)

……

A/B

/C

Hig

h w

inds

at

site

(42)

……

A/B

/C

Earli

er a

ccid

ent

at s

ite (4

3)

……

A/B

/C

Oth

er a

t sit

e (p

leas

e su

pply

det

ails)

(44)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

rati

onof

vie

w d

ue t

o ob

scur

ed w

indo

ws

(45)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

ratio

nof

vie

w d

ue t

o gl

are

from

sun

(46)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

ratio

nof

vie

w d

ue t

o gl

are

from

hea

dlig

hts

(47)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

ratio

n du

e to

ben

d/w

indi

ng r

oad

(48)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

ratio

n du

e to

sta

tiona

ry/p

arke

d ve

hicl

e(4

9)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

ratio

n du

e to

mov

ing

vehi

cle

(50)

……

A/B

/CO

bscu

ratio

n du

e to

bui

ldin

gs, f

ence

s, v

eget

atio

n, e

tc.(

51)

……

A/B

/C

Obs

cura

tion

due

to W

eath

er (e

.g. m

ist o

r sle

et) (

52)

……

A/B

/C

Faile

d to

see

ped

estr

ian

or v

ehic

le in

blin

dspo

t (5

3)

……

A/B

/C

Ani

mal

out

of c

ontr

ol (5

4)

180

Annex C

Consultation with Users and Providers of Road Accident Statistics, andReviews of the "Stats 19" specification and the statistical publications

1. Introduction

This Annex describes briefly the arrangements for consulting the users and providers of the road accident statistics. It then gives some information about the reviews of the "Stats 19" road accident statistics specification and of the road accident statistics publications. Finally, it refers to some points on the changes to the "Stats 19" specification that were implemented in 1999.

2. The Liaison Group on Road Accident Statistics (LGRAS)

The Scottish Executive consults the Liaison Group on Road Accident Statistics (LGRAS), whose members include representatives of each Police Force and of the Association of Chief Police Officers (Scotland), of some individual local authorities and of the Society of Chief Officers of Transportation in Scotland, and of other types of user of the statistics, including the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, the Institute of Road Safety Officers in Scotland, a transport consultant, and an academic researcher. LGRAS meets, on average, once a year. It discusses matters such as the arrangements for the supply of the road accident statistics data, the quality of the information that is collected and the implications for the use of the data for certain purposes, the likely availability of other information, proposals for changes to the "Stats 19" road accident statistics specification, and improvements to the range of road accidents statistics which the Scottish Executive publishes or otherwise makes available.

Copies of the LGRAS papers are also sent to some other interested parties, including a contact in every local authority not represented on the Group and to the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities. In addition, the LGRAS papers and minutes (for 2000 onwards) are available on the Scottish Executive Web site, at the following address: www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/scotstats/committees/transport/groups/lgras/default.asp

Further information about LGRAS can be obtained from its Secretary, Scott Brand, whose contact details appear on page 2 of this publication.

3. The Standing Committee on Road Accident Statistics (SCRAS)

Users and providers of road accident statistics across Great Britain are consulted via the Standing Committee on Road Accident Statistics (SCRAS), which is chaired by the Department for Transport (DfT). Its members include representatives of the Association of Chief Police Officers (Scotland), the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities, the Scottish Executive, and other interested parties from across Great Britain. SCRAS is responsible for reviewing the GB-wide "Stats 19" road accident statistics specification (see below), discusses other aspects of the collection and use of the road accident statistics, and produces occasional newsletters on road accident statistics matters.

Further information about SCRAS is available from Anil Bhagat of the DfT Road Accident Statistics branch (direct line: 0207 944 6595) and from the DfT Transport Statistics Web site - go to:

www.dft.gov.uk/transtat/scras

181

4. Reviews of the “Stats 19” road accident statistics specification

Government statistical surveys are reviewed regularly to ensure that the information that they provide meets users' needs, and reduce the costs of data provision, if possible. The collection of road accident statistics is reviewed by the Standing Committee on Road Accident Statistics (SCRAS).

In 1997, SCRAS consulted many organisations about their ideas for improving the road accident statistics, and prepared proposals which responded to changes in the needs for data and which could be adopted without increasing costs significantly. The report of the 1997 Quinquennial Review was published by the then Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions as DETR Statistics Bulletin number (98) 14. The changes were implemented in 1999 - a note on them appears later.

The 2002 Quality Review of road accident statistics started in July 2001, when a "scoping paper" and questionnaires were sent to users and providers of road accident statistics across Great Britain. Those consulted were asked for their views on the matters that SCRAS felt that the review should address, and to suggest other possible improvements. The Scottish Executive distributed the paper and questionnaires to LGRAS members and to recipients of LGRAS papers. In October 2001, LGRAS discussed Scottish views, having seen the (anonymised) Scottish responses and a summary of the main points raised by respondents elsewhere. SCRAS and its working groups then considered all the suggestions for changes, and produced interim recommendations, which were discussed by LGRAS in June 2002. Subsequently, SCRAS and its working groups revised and developed further the proposals for changes. In Spring 2003, these were discussed by LGRAS and at a series of meetings in Wales and the regions of England. In the light of the comments made then, further work was required to finalise the details of the changes. At the time of writing, it is expected that the final report of the Review will be produced shortly, and that the final version of the “Stats 19”, together with the detailed “Stats 20” and “Stats 21” specifications (see Annex B), will be sent to police forces and local authorities before the end of 2003. The changes arising from the Review will be implemented at the start of 2005.

5. Reviews of road accident statistics publications

"Road Accidents Scotland 2000" was the last edition to compare the latest figures with the 1981-85 average levels (the "baseline" for the casualty reduction target for 2000). "Road Accidents Scotland 2001" was the first edition to include instead the 1994-98 average levels (the "baseline" for the casualty reduction targets for 2010). Because many of the tables and charts had to be changed, the Scottish Executive reviewed the content of the publication before setting what could become the pattern for the next ten years' editions. In October 2001, the Scottish Executive consulted LGRAS about some possibilities. Readers of "Road Accidents Scotland 2000" were then asked, by means of a questionnaire enclosed with every copy, for their views on possible changes for the "2001" edition. The Scottish Executive revised its proposals to take account of the results of the survey. These revised proposals were discussed by LGRAS in June 2002. The Scottish Executive then finalised "Road Accidents Scotland 2001" in the light of the views expressed by LGRAS members.

In May 2002, as part of the Quality Review, DfT conducted a GB-wide survey of users of road accident statistics, to obtain views on, and suggestions for improvements to, the dissemination of, and access to, road accident statistics. Users were asked to comment on both the range of printed publications and the information which is (or could become) available electronically from Web sites and elsewhere. A number of points were made by Scottish respondents, and by Professor Richard Allsop (the external Assessor to the Review) in his report on this part of the Review. The Scottish Executive considered these points and, in May 2003, consulted LGRAS about the changes that it proposed to make in the light of them. LGRAS members were also asked if there were other changes that they would like made to the Scottish Executive’s road accident statistics publications and to the

182

information (such as the spreadsheet versions of the publications’ tables) that would be made available on its Web site. The Scottish Executive then finalised the list of changes for "RoadAccidents Scotland 2002" (and its plans for developing the information to be made available on its Web site) in the light of the views of the members of LGRAS.

6. The changes to the “Stats 19” road accident statistics specification in 1999

The changes which were implemented in 1999 are described in "Road Accidents Scotland 1999", pages 146-151. Some new variables and codes were added, some of the existing variables and codes were modified, and some were deleted. The frequency of use of each code of each of the new and modified variables was shown on pages 152-153 of "Road Accidents Scotland 1999".

Two particular points should be noted about the changes made in 1999, because they have an effect on some of the figures published in this edition (the other changes are thought not to have any such implications).

Vehicle type: coding of motor caravans

The vehicle type code formerly used for 'Minibus/motor caravan' (code 10) was changed: Minibus: the "code 10" category now covers only minibuses; Motor caravans are not identified as a separate category - they are now included with 'Other motor vehicles' (code 14).

As a result, the figures for the categories described in the tables as "minibus" and "other" are on different bases for (a) 1998 and earlier years and (b) 1999 and later years. The scale of the discontinuity is not known, because motor caravans have not been identified separately in the statistical returns. However, it is likely that the change in the way in which motor caravans are recorded in "Stats 19" has contributed to the fall in the "minibus" figures between 1998 and 1999, and the rise in the "other" figures.

Driver and casualty postcodes, and estimated distances between homes and the locations of accidents

Postcodes were added to the "Stats 19" returns in 1999. It was accepted that their collection would have to be phased in, as they became readily available from police administrative systems. Indeed, the "Stats 20" instructions state "if the postcode is not immediately available, leave blank". As a result, blank (or the "not known" code) is used more often than should be the case in future. There are also codes for non-UK residents and for parked and unattended vehicles.

The "straight line" (or "as the crow flies") distance between the location of the accident and the home of a driver, rider or casualty was estimated using the postcode of the person's home. The grid co-ordinates of the "centre" of the postcode were obtained from the General Register Office for Scotland's "postcode directory" file. These were taken as an approximation to the grid co-ordinates of the person's home, and used in conjunction with the grid co-ordinates of the location of the accident (as reported by the police) to estimate the distance. A similar approach was used in the small proportion of cases where there was only the start of a postcode (eg the police might record "EH10" if they knew that someone lived in Edinburgh 10, but they could not provide the full postcode) or where only the postal district or postcode sector could be matched with the postcode directory. A distance could not be estimated if the postcode were blank, coded "not known" or "non-UK resident", did not contain a valid postal district, or were for a place outwith Scotland.

183

Annex D

Definitions Used In Road Accident Statistics

1. The definition of “severity” used in the Road Accident statistics

The classification of the severity of an accident (as “fatal”, “serious” or “slight”) is determined by the severity of the injury to the most severely injured casualty. The police usually record this information soon after the accident occurs. However, if further information becomes available which would alter the classification (for example, if a person dies within 30 days of the accident, as a result of the injuries sustained in the accident) the police change the initial classification of the severity.

For the purposes of the Road Accidents statistical returns:

a fatal injury is one which causes death less than 30 days after the accident;

a fatal accident is an accident in which at least one person is fatally injured;

a serious injury is one which does not cause death less than 30 days after the accident, andwhich is in one (or more) of the following categories: (a) an injury for which a person is detained in hospital as an in-patient or (b) any of the following injuries (whether or not the person is detained in hospital): fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushings, severe cuts and lacerations, severe general shock requiring treatment or (c) any injury causing death 30 or more days after the accident;

a serious accident is one in which at least one person is seriously injured, but no-one suffers a fatal injury;

a “slight” injury is any injury which is neither “fatal” nor “serious” - for example, a sprain, bruise or cut which is not judged to be severe, or slight shock requiring roadside attention;

a “slight” accident is one in which at least one person suffers “slight” injuries, but no-one is seriously injured, or fatally injured.

Over the years, improvements in vehicle design, and the provision and use of additional safety features, together with changes in the law (eg on the fitting and wearing of seat belts), will all have helped to reduce the severity of the injuries suffered in some accidents. Road safety measures should also have reduced the levels of injuries sustained. For example, if traffic calming schemes reduce average speeds, people may suffer only “slight injury” in collisions that previously would have taken place at higher speeds and so might previously have resulted in “serious injury”.

However, it is also possible that some of the changes shown in the statistics of “serious injuries” and “slight injuries” may be due to changes in administrative practices, which may have altered the proportion of accidents which is categorised as “serious”. For example, the distinction between “serious” and “slight” injuries could be affected by factors such as changes in hospitals’ admission policies. All else being equal, the number of “serious injury” cases would rise, and the number of “slight injury” cases would fall, if it became standard procedure for a hospital to keep in overnight, for precautionary reasons, casualties with a particular type of injury. The increase in the number of “serious” injury accidents in 1994 was partly attributed to a change in the health boards’ policies in admitting more child casualties for overnight observation, which in turn changed the classification of many injuries from “slight” to “serious”. The number of child casualties recorded as having serious

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injuries in 1994 was 35% higher than in the previous year. There could also be changes in hospitals’ procedures that would reduce the numbers of “serious injury” cases. In addition, there is anecdotal evidence that changes in procedures for assigning severity codes may affect the categorisation of injuries. For example, different severity codes might be assigned by a police officer who was at the scene of an accident and by a clerk who bases the code on a police officer’s written description of the accident.

2. Other definitions

Accident: The statistical returns include only those accidents which result in personal injury, which occur on roads (including footways), in which a vehicle is concerned, and which become known to the police. The vehicle need not be moving and it need not be in collision. The statistics are therefore of “injury road accidents” only: “damage-only accidents” are not included in the figures.

Adults: People aged 16 and over.

Built-up roads: accidents which occur on “built-up” roads are those which occur on roads which have speed limits of up to 40 miles per hour (ignoring temporary speed limits on roads for which the normal speed limit is over 40mph). Therefore, an accident on a motorway in an urban area would not be counted as occurring on a “built-up” road, because the speed limit on the motorway is 70mph. An accident on a stretch of motorway with a temporary speed limit of 30mph would not be counted as occurring on a “built-up” road, because the normal speed limit is 70mph.

Buses and coaches: Include works’ buses and (in past years) trams and trolley buses. Vehicles are coded according to their construction, irrespective of their use at the time of the accident. Thus, vehicles of bus construction which are privately licensed are included under ‘buses and coaches’, while Public Service Vehicle licensed minibuses are included under minibuses.

Cars: Include estate cars and three-wheeled cars.

Casualty: A person killed or injured in an accident. One accident may give rise to several casualties.

Children: People under 16 years old.

Darkness: From half an hour after sunset to half an hour before sunrise, ie ‘lighting-up time’.

Drivers: Persons in control of vehicles other than pedal cycles and two-wheeled motor vehicles.

Goods vehicles: Vans, lorries, tankers, milk floats, tractor units travelling without their trailer units.

Heavy goods vehicles: From 1994, "heavy goods vehicles" have been defined as goods vehicles with a maximum permissible gross vehicle weight of more than 3.5 tonnes. Prior to 1994, they were defined as those with an unladen weight of more than 1.5 tons (1.52 tonnes).

Junction: A place at which two or more roads meet, whatever the angle of the axes of the roads (including roundabouts), or within 20 metres of such a place.

Killed: Sustained injuries which caused death less than 30 days after the accident.

Light goods vehicles: From 1994, "light goods vehicles" have been defined as goods vehicles with a maximum permissible gross vehicle weight of up to 3.5 tonnes. Prior to 1994, they were defined as those with an unladen weight of 1.5 tons (1.52 tonnes) or less.

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Major roads: Motorways and A roads.

Minor roads: B roads, C roads and unclassified roads.

Motor cycles: Includes all two wheeled motor vehicles.

Motorists: The drivers or riders of motor vehicles (including, for example, motorcyclists).

Motorways: Include A(M) roads.

Non built-up roads: Roads for which the normal speed limit (ignoring any temporary speed limits) is more than 40mph.

Other vehicles: Include ambulances, fire engines, pedestrian-controlled vehicles with motors, railway trains or engines, refuse vehicles, road rollers, tractors, excavators, mobile cranes, tower wagons, army tanks, etc - and from 1999, motor caravans. Other non-motor vehicles include those drawn by an animal, ridden horses, invalid carriages without motor, street barrows, etc.

Passengers: Occupants of vehicles, other than the person in control, including pillion passengers.

Pedal cycles: Including toy cycles ridden on the carriageway, tandems and tricycles. Pedal cyclists includes any passengers of pedal cycles.

Pedestrians: Includes people riding toy cycles on the footway, people pushing bicycles, people pushing or pulling other vehicles or operating pedestrian-controlled vehicles, those leading or herding animals, occupants of prams or wheelchairs, and people who alight safely from vehicles and are subsequently injured.

Riders: People in control of pedal cycles or two-wheeled motor vehicles.

Road users: Pedestrians and vehicle riders, drivers and passengers.

Trunk roads: Roads for whose upkeep Scottish Executive Ministers are responsible.

Users of a vehicle: All occupants, ie driver (or rider) and passengers, including persons injured while boarding or alighting from the vehicle.

Vehicles involved in accidents: Any vehicle directly involved in an accident where at least one injury is sustained by a pedestrian or vehicle driver, rider or passenger. Vehicles which collide after the initial accident which caused injury are not included, unless they aggravate the degree of injury or lead to further casualties.

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Annex E

Local Government Reorganisation and the Trunk Road Network

1. Introduction

This Annex explains how statistics for the areas of the new Councils were produced for the period prior to local government reorganisation on 1 April 1996. It then describes the trunk road network the changes made to it then, and their effect on the statistics. The next section is about identifying accidents which occurred prior to 1 April 1996 on the roads which formed the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network, so that figures could be produced on a consistent basis pre- and post-1996. Subsequent sections explain how the effect of the change for individual Council areas can be assessed, how the 1994-98 averages for trunk roads and local authority roads were calculated, and how accident and casualty rates for 1995 and earlier years were calculated. The final section mentions how the statistics for some types of road in some areas may be affected by the opening of new roads.

2. Local Government re-organisation

The reorganisation of local government established new Councils with effect from 1st April 1996, to replace the former Regions, Districts and Island Areas. Statistics for the areas covered by the new Councils for earlier years (back to 1981) were derived in three ways: a. in the case of the former Island Areas, by allocating all the accidents which occurred in each Island Area to the relevant Council. b. in those cases where a whole District fell in a new Council’s area, by allocating all the accidents which occurred in that District to the area of the new Council. c. in the case of accidents occurring in the five Districts which had major parts falling in several new Councils’ areas, by a special exercise, which used the grid co-ordinates recorded for each individual accident to allocate it to the area of one of the new Councils, using a computer mapping system. This was successful for 99% of accidents for these five Districts, consistently over all years from 1981. The remaining 1% of the accidents in the five Districts were assigned to the new Council in which the majority of the District’s accidents fell. This should cause only a very small error (considerably less than 1%) for any of the new Councils, in any year.

3. The Trunk Road Network

Trunk roads are those roads for whose upkeep Scottish Ministers are responsible. The Government’s view, when it reviewed the trunk road network in 1994, was that the trunk road network should: a. provide the road user with a coherent and continuous system of routes which serve destinations of importance to industry, commerce, agriculture and tourism; b. define nationally important routes which will be developed in line with strategic national transport demands; and c. ensure that those roads which are of predominantly local importance are managed locally.

Currently, the trunk road network in Scotland consists of all the Motorways plus some (but not all) of the A roads. In some cases, the trunk road network may include the whole of a particular road; in other cases, only certain stretches of a road may be part of the trunk road network. For example, only that part of the A7 which runs south of the junction with the A6091 near Galashiels is part of the current trunk road network: the northern part is not a trunk road.

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4. Changes to the trunk road network in April 1996, and their effect on the statistics

Following the review of the trunk road network, several changes were made with effect from 1st April 1996 (coinciding with the reorganisation of local government). Some roads (or stretches of road) which had previously been part of the trunk road network were transferred to local authority control: examples include the A7 from near Edinburgh to near Galashiels, and the A91 from the M90 to St Andrews. Some roads which had previously been the responsibility of local authorities became part of the new trunk road network: examples include the A720 Edinburgh City bypass east of the M8 extension and the A95 from Aviemore to Keith. The overall result was that, on 1st April 1996, about 214 miles of road ceased to be trunk road, and about 361 miles of road became trunk road.

Because of these changes to the trunk road network, the original figures for the numbers of accidents which occurred on trunk roads before and after 1st April 1996 were on different bases, and a comparison could be misleading. Comparisons of the figures for local authority roads could also be misleading, particularly when one looked at the figures for the areas covered by certain Councils, because they may relate to significantly different road networks before and after 1 April 1996.

5. Identifying accidents which occurred before April 1996 on the roads which formed the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network, to enable comparison of the numbers before and after 1996

In order to get figures for some of the years before 1996 which were on the basis of the "post- 1 April 1996" road network, a special exercise was undertaken. This identified, from among the accidents which took place between 1st January 1992 and 31st March 1996, those which occurred on the stretches of road which form the new trunk road network (i.e. the trunk road network that took effect from 1st April 1996). As a result, the information that is available in the Transport Statistics branch database enables figures to be produced for the numbers of road accidents on trunk roads, and on local authority roads, using the following definitions of the status of the road: a. status at the time of the accident - these figures are available for all years b. status in terms of the “old” network - available up to 31 March 1996 only c. status in terms of the “new” network - available for all years from 1992

It should be noted that the definitions under (b) and (c) above should, strictly speaking, be expanded: i. For accidents which occurred before 31st March 1996, (b) is actually the status at the time ofthe accident (rather than the status at 31 March 1996): the two will differ in the case of any roads whose status changed before 31 March 1996. For example, if a road ceased to be a trunk road on (say) 15 May 1994, then definition (b) would show it as a trunk road for accidents before that date, and would show it as a local authority road thereafter. ii. For accidents which occurred after 1st April 1996, (c) is actually the status at the time of the accident (rather than the status at 1 April 1996): the two will differ in the case of any roads whose status changed after 1 April 1996. For example, if a road ceased to be a trunk road on (say) 8 July 1996, then definition (c) would show it as a trunk road for accidents before that date, and would show it as a local authority road thereafter.

6. Assessing the effect of the "April 1996" changes on the figures for trunk roads and for local authority roads, for individual local authority areas

Because data for 1992 to 1995 are available both on the basis of the old trunk road network and on the basis of the new trunk road network, one can see the extent of the change in the number of accidents on the trunk road network that was caused by the transfer of roads (or stretches of roads) between the trunk road network and the local authority road network. Similarly, one can compare

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the figures on the two bases for the local authority road network to see the extent of the change in the total number of accidents on that network that was caused by the transfers.

1992-95 averages on both bases were included in, for example, Tables 4 and 40(c) of "RoadAccidents Scotland 2000". The figures in the first of these tables showed that the "April 1996" changes had little effect on the trunk road network's overall share of the total number of accidents in Scotland as a whole. However, the figures in the second table showed that the changes did have a noticeable effect on the trunk road network's share in some parts of Scotland. For example, the 1992-95 annual average number of casualties, on all types of road, in the area which is now covered by Highland Council was 1,079. Of these, an average of 423 (39%) occurred on the roads which formed the "pre- 1 April 1996" trunk road network, and 495 (46%) occurred on the roads which formed the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network. Therefore, the "April 1996" changes could have a noticeable effect on the 1994-98 averages for trunk roads and local authority major roads for some local authority areas.

7. Calculating 1994-98 averages for trunk roads and for local authority roads

For the purpose of calculating the 1994-98 averages for trunk roads and for local authority roads for each local authority area, accidents which occurred before April 1996 have been counted on the basis of whether they occurred on roads which were part of the “post- 1 April 1996” trunk road network. For consistency, the same approach has been used to calculate the 1994-98 averages for each type of road for Scotland as a whole.

8. Calculation of accident rates for 1995 and earlier years, and the 1994-98 average accident rate, for trunk roads and for local authority roads, for Table 5 – in the previousedition

In the previous edition, the accident rates for 1995 and earlier years, and the 1994-98 average accident rates, which were shown in Table 5, were affected by an inconsistency between the basis of the numbers of accidents on trunk roads and local authority roads, and the basis of the estimated volumes of road traffic on such roads. As in other tables, accidents which occurred before April 1996 were counted on the basis of whether the road was part of the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network. However, the Department for Transport's traffic estimates for 1995 and earlier years that were available at that time were produced on the basis of the road network as it stood in each year, and so were not estimates of traffic on the roads that make up the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network. In the previous edition, the trunk road accident rates for 1995 and earlier years were calculated by dividing the numbers of accidents in each year on the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network by the traffic estimates for the trunk road network as it stood in that year. Therefore, the numerator and denominator were on different bases. A similar inconsistency affected the calculation of the accident rates for local authority roads for 1995 and earlier years.

The 1994-98 averages for trunk roads and for local authority roads were also affected by an inconsistency, because the accident numbers for 1994 and 1995 which were used in their calculation were on a different basis from the traffic figures for those years. As a result, the estimated 1994-98 average accident rates for trunk roads and local authority roads could be less reliable for those areas where the "April 1996" changes had the largest effect (in terms of the proportion of the total amount of traffic on major roads that was accounted for by the roads concerned). It follows that the 1994-98 averages shown in the previous edition’s Table 5(c) for different Police Force areas were only a broad guide to the relative levels of accident rates in different parts of Scotland in that period.

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9. Calculation of accident and casualty rates for 1995 and earlier years, and the 1994-98 average accident and casualty rates, for trunk roads and for local authority roads, for Tables 5 and 41 – in this edition

In this edition, Table 5 provides accident rates for 1995 and earlier years and the 1994-98 average accident rates, and Table 41 provides casualty rates for 1994, 1995 and the 1994-98 average casualty rates, for trunk roads and local authority roads. These figures are not affected by the inconsistency described in section 8: the numbers of accidents and casualties on such roads are on more-or-less the same basis as the estimated volumes of road traffic.

As in other tables which provide figures for “trunk roads” and “local authority roads”, accidents (and casualties) which occurred before April 1996 are counted on the basis of whether the road was part of the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network. As was explained in section 4 of the Introduction, the Department for Transport's traffic estimates for trunk roads for 1995 and earlier years now classify roads on the basis of their “trunk road status” at a recent date, and so the DfT estimates of the volume of traffic on trunk roads now relate more-or-less to the roads that make up the "post- 1 April 1996" trunk road network (there may be differences in cases where the “trunk road status” of a stretch of road has changed since April 1996, but the effect of these will not be great as there have been no major “transfers”). Therefore, the numerator and denominator are on more-or-less the same basis, so the calculated rates for individual years, and the 1994-98 averages, for trunk roads and for local authority roads, are not affected by the inconsistency described in section 8.

However, please note that (as was explained in section 4 of the Introduction) the DfT traffic estimates provide only a rough indication of the likely volume of traffic on local authority roads in each Council area – so the casualty rates in Table 41, which were calculated using these estimates, provide only broad indications of the likely level of casualty rates in each area.

10. How the statistics for some types of road in some areas may be affected by the opening of new roads

Finally, it should be noted that analysis by type of road does not take account of changes in the numbers of accidents which result from traffic transferring from one kind of road to another when a new road opens. For example, when a new road is built, the majority of the traffic which uses it may be traffic that previously used another road. In some cases (eg when a motorway is constructed to replace an existing trunk road) the original road which carried the traffic may cease to be a trunk road when the new road opens, because the new road replaces it as a trunk road. However, the records of the accidents which occurred on the original road will continue to show that they occurred on the original road: they will not be amended to be counted against the new road. In such a case, when the statistics are analysed on the basis of the new networks, those accidents which occurred on the original road will be counted as occurring on what is now part of the new local authority road network, and those accidents which occurred on the new road will be counted as occurring on the new trunk road network. When one looks at series of figures for the new networks for a number of years, which span the year of the change, the figures for the new local authority network would fall, and the figures for the new trunk road network might rise, in the year in which the new road was opened, because of the transfer of traffic from the original road (which was a trunk road then, but is now part of the local authority road network) to the new road (which is part of the new trunk road network).

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Annex FFrequency of use of values of most STATS 19 variables: 2002This annex lists most of the "Stats 19" variables, showing the values which were used in the returns for the latest year and the number of times each was used. Variables such as "grid reference" and " road number" are not listed,because they have many possible values.Attendant circumstances variablesPolice Force Speed Limit Road TypeNorthern 744 10 2 Roundabout 529 Grampian 1,143 15 2 One way street 401 Tayside 1,168 20 49 Dual two lanes 1,525 Fife 740 30 8,451 Dual three plus lanes 458 Lothian & Borders 3,050 40 679 Single track 445 Central 742 50 368 Single two lanes 10,099 Strathclyde 6,304 60 3,995 Single three lanes 176 Dumfries & Galloway 426 70 771 Single four plus lanes 584

Unknown 100 Month Junction ControlJanuary 1,160 Not at or near junction 7,218 Pedestrian Crossing - Physical FacilitiesFebruary 1,130 Authorised person 21 None within 50 metres 12,414 March 1,129 Automatic traffic signal 1,163 Zebra 107 April 1,038 Stop sign 150 Pelican 766 May 1,172 Give way 3,974 Pedestrian phase at lights 911 June 1,155 Uncontrolled 1,791 Central refuge 98 July 1,191 Footbridge or subway 21 August 1,386 Weather ConditionsSeptember 1,160 Fine 10,373 Junction DetailOctober 1,304 Raining 2,840 Not at or within 20 metres 7,214 November 1,276 Snowing 84 Roundabout 778 December 1,216 Fine high winds 266 Mini Roundabout 58

Raining high winds 345 T or staggered junction 4,136 Severity of Accident Snowing high winds 44 Slip Road 249 Fatal 275 Fog mist 63 Crossroads 1,125 Serious 2,669 Other 200 Multiple junction 147 Slight 11,373 Unknown 102 Private drive 223

Other junction 387 Local Authority First road class Aberdeen City 391 Motorway 430 Road Surface ConditionsAberdeenshire 582 A(m) 37 Dry 7,536 Angus 363 A 6,210 Wet or damp 6,248 Argyll & Bute 289 B 1,903 Snow 120 Clackmannanshire 96 C 717 Frost or ice 325 Dumfries & Galloway 426 Unclassified 5,020 Flood over 3cm deep 37 Dundee City 359 Oil or diesel 35 East Ayrshire 313 Second road class Mud 16 East Dunbartonshire 224 Not at or near junction 7,266 East Lothian 224 Motorway 64 Special Conditions at siteEast Renfrewshire 132 A(m) 3 None 14,029 Edinburgh, City of 1,654 A 811 Auto traffic signal out 32 Eilean Siar 48 B 442 Auto traffic signal partly defective 7 Falkirk 342 C 321 Road sign defective/obscured 29 Fife 740 Unclassified 5,410 Road works 159 Glasgow City 2,131 Road surface defective 61 Highland 628 Light ConditionsInverclyde 197 Daylight street lights present 6,518 Carriageway hazardsMidlothian 230 Daylight no street lights present 3,405 None 13,807 Moray 170 Daylight street lights present unknown 244 Vehicle load in carriageway 17 North Ayrshire 330 Darkness street lights present and lit 2,776 Other object in carriageway 221 North Lanarkshire 803 Darkness street lights present and unlit 146 Involved previous accident 49 Orkney Islands 40 Darkness no street lights 1,171 Dog in carriageway 19 Perth & Kinross 446 Darkness street lights present unknown 57 Other animal in carriageway 204 Renfrewshire 479 Scottish Borders 450 Pedestrian Crossing - Human Control Place ReportedShetland Islands 28 None within 50 metres 14,126 At scene 8,501 South Ayrshire 299 School crossing patrol 46 Elsewhere 5,816 South Lanarkshire 864 Other authorised person 145 Stirling 304 West Dunbartonshire 243 West Lothian 492

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Vehicle variablesPolice Force Manoeuvres Hit object off carriagewayNorthern 1,190 Unknown 10 Unknown 12 Grampian 1,913 Reversing 337 None 21,203 Tayside 1,927 Parked 820 Road sign traffic signal 176 Fife 1,316 Waiting to go ahead/held up 1,755 Lamp post 252 Lothian & Borders 5,106 Stopping 748 Telegraph pole electricity pole 91 Central 1,254 Starting 212 Tree 349 Strathclyde 10,705 U turn 171 Bus stop bus shelter 21 Dumfries & Galloway 694 Turning left 542 Central crash barrier 151

Waiting to turn left 107 Nearside or offside crash barrier 221 Month Turning right 1,810 Submerged in water 4 January 1,971 Waiting to turn right 425 Entered ditch 269 February 1,875 Changing lane left 134 Other permanent object 1,356 March 1,904 Changing lane rght 177 April 1,705 Overtaking moving vehicle offside 445 First point of impactMay 2,045 Overtaking stationery vehicle offside 227 Unknown 14 June 1,956 Overtaking nearside 134 None 1,440 July 2,011 Ahead left hand bend 1,456 Front 12,696 August 2,337 Ahead right hand bend 1,466 Back 3,865 September 1,921 Ahead other 13,129 Offside 3,248 October 2,184 Nrside 2,842 November 2,131 Other vehicle hitDecember 2,065 0 10,063 Towing and Articulation

1 5,260 Unknown 12 Breath test 2 7,854 No towing or articulation 23,607 Not applicable 249 3 705 Articulated vehicle 302 Positive 459 4 170 Double or multiple trailer 11 Negative 14,204 5 42 Caravan 19 Not requested 4,733 6 10 Single trailer 125 Refused to provide 50 8 1 Other tow 29 Driver not contacted 3,599 Not provided (medical) 811 Junction location of vehicle at first impact Hit and run

Unknown 11 Other 22,858 Sex of driver Not at or within 20 metres 11,531 Hit run 1,062 Male 16,406 Approaching or parked at junction 4,716 Non-stop vehicle, not hit 185 Female 6,663 Vehicle mid-junction 5,641 Not traced 1,036 Cleared junction or parked at exit 1,483 Vehicle movement from

No impact 723 Unknown 11 Vehicle Reference Number 0 781 1 14,317 Skidding and overtaking North 5,393 2 8,181 Unknown 11 North east 347 3 1,224 None 19,450 East 5,416 4 278 Skidding 3,136 South east 311 5 81 Skid overturned 774 South 5,612 6 20 Jacknifed 25 South west 368 7 2 Jacknifed and overturned 8 West 5,558 8 2 Overturned 701 North west 308

Type of Vehicle Hit object in carriageway Vehicle movement toUnknown 61 Unknown 12 Unknown 11 Pedal cycle 853 None 23,120 0 909 Moped 116 Previous accident 32 North 5,428 Motor cycle to 125cc 171 Road works 6 North east 365 Motor cycle over 125cc 909 Parked vehicle - lit 114 East 5,611 Taxi 499 Parked vehicle - unlit 268 South east 346 Car 18,162 Bridge - roof 13 South 5,343 Minibus (8-16 passengers) 115 Bridge - side 33 South west 372 Bus/coach (17 or more passengers) 1,057 Bollard/refuge 58 West 5,400 Other motor vehicle 232 Open door of vehicle 12 North west 320 Other non-motor vehicle 15 Central island rnbt 23 Ridden horse 6 Kerb 210 Agricultural vehicle 60 Other object 204 Goods to 3.5 tonnes mgw 853 Goods 3.5 tonnes to 7.5tonnes mgw 365 Vehicle leaving carriagewayGoods 7.5 tonnes mgw and over 631 Unknown 11

Did not leave c'way 20,284 Left c'way nearside 1,871 Left c'way nearside rebound 289 Left c'way ahead junction 108 Left c'way offside onto central reservation 96 Left c'way offside onto central res & rebound 84 Left c'way offside and crossed central res 42 Left c'way offside 1,133 Left c'way offside and rebounded 187

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Parts damaged 1Age of driver

Age of driver

Blank 40 Unknown 795 53 304 None 3,732 0 44 54 301 Front 11,267 4 2 55 344 Back 3,213 5 14 56 277 Offside 2,333 6 15 57 237 Nrside 1,753 7 21 58 243 Roof 193 8 22 59 200 Underside 50 9 26 60 182 All four sides 1,524 10 35 61 168

11 32 62 177 Parts damaged 2 12 45 63 161 Blank 19,716 13 37 64 131 None 70 14 32 65 135 Front 413 15 32 66 113 Back 606 16 101 67 112 Offside 1,756 17 382 68 83 Nrside 1,062 18 573 69 86 Roof 206 19 592 70 88 Underside 156 20 600 71 92 All four sides 120 21 571 72 71

22 555 73 65 Parts damaged 3 23 473 74 62 Blank 23,158 24 440 75 61 None 45 25 517 76 59 Front 23 26 460 77 54 Back 42 27 465 78 41 Offside 118 28 514 79 39 Nrside 424 29 507 80 46 Roof 115 30 1,040 81 26 Underside 104 31 583 82 35 All four sides 76 32 589 83 14

33 551 84 16 Vehicle location - Road 34 557 85 13 Unknown 11 35 918 86 15 Leaving main road 878 36 578 87 8 Entering main road 674 37 541 88 7 On main road 21,941 38 598 89 4 On minor road 601 39 585 90 5

40 674 91 1 Vehicle location - Lane 41 480 92 5 Unknown 13 42 530 93 1 On main carriageway 23,773 43 459 94 2 Tram light rail track 27 44 459 95 1 Bus lane 105 45 460 99 2 Busway 43 46 423 Cycle lane 13 47 390 Cycleway 1 48 353 On lay-by hard shoulder 41 49 360 Entering lay-by hard shoulder 13 50 359 Leaving lay-by hard shoulder 10 51 335 Footway 66 52 294

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Casualty variables

Police Force Pedestrian directionNorthern 1,108 Unknown 15,950Grampian 1,532 Pedestrian standing still 330Tayside 1,583 Heading North 798Fife 1,080 Heading North East 35Lothian & Borders 3,923 Heading East 650Central 988 Heading South East 33Strathclyde 8,446 Heading South 728Dumfries & Galloway 588 Heading South West 30

Heading West 663Month Heading North West 31January 1,491February 1,502 Casualty ClassMarch 1,532 Driver or rider 10,249April 1,362 Passenger - vehicle/pillion 5,690May 1,602 Pedestrian 3,309June 1,646July 1,706 Pedestrian locationAugust 1,886 Not pedestrian 15,939September 1,540 In carriageway, crossing pedestrian crossing 245October 1,728 In carriageway, crossing in zig zag crossing approach 18November 1,635 In carriageway, crossing in zig zag crossing exit 9December 1,618 In carriageway crossing elsewhere within 50 metres 285

In carriageway crossing elsewhere 1,846Sex of casualty Footway or verge 228Unknown 13 On refuge, central island or central reservation 32Male 11,071 Centre carriageway not refuge, central island or reservation 236Female 8,164 In carriageway not crossing 301

Unknown other 109Road userPedestrian 3,309 Pedestrian movementPedal cycle 828 Not pedestrian 15,939Motor cycle 1,164 Crossing driver nearside 1,216Car 11,822 Crossing driver nearside mskd 372Taxi 248 Crossing driver offside 801Minibus 114 Crossing driver offside masked 213Bus/Coach 859 In carriageway stationary not crossing 211Light goods vehicle 390 In carriageway stationary not crossing masked 35Heavy goods vehicle 369 Walking in carriageway facing traffic 64Other 145 Walking in carriageway back to traffic 98

Unknown 299Severity of casualtyKilled 305 Car passengerSerious 3,213 Not car passenger 14,544Slight 15,730 Front seat car passenger 3,024

Rear seat car passenger 1,680Bus or coach passengerNot psv passenger 18,422 Vehicle Reference NumberBoarding 42 1 11,639Alighting 96 2 7,049Standing passenger 229 3 451Seated passenger 459 4 82

5 24School pupil casualty 6 3All other casualties 18,622Pupil to/from school 626

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Age of casualty

Age of casualty

CasualtyReferenceNumber

Unknown 50 48 215 1 14,317 0 7 49 210 2 3,131 1 50 50 230 3 1,031 2 64 51 205 4 399 3 90 52 177 5 163 4 143 53 179 6 68 5 146 54 196 7 35 6 155 55 200 8 20 7 182 56 183 9 14 8 211 57 152 10 9 9 198 58 152 11 7 10 242 59 141 12 5 11 246 60 145 13 5 12 301 61 104 14 4 13 249 62 110 15 4 14 247 63 92 16 4 15 214 64 101 17 3 16 355 65 128 18 3 17 518 66 90 19 3 18 613 67 94 20 3 19 571 68 78 21 2 20 546 69 97 22 2 21 524 70 89 23 2 22 455 71 96 24 2 23 378 72 80 25 1 24 346 73 81 26 1 25 346 74 90 27 1 26 324 75 77 28 1 27 381 76 82 29 1 28 332 77 67 30 1 29 325 78 65 31 1 30 502 79 58 32 1 31 388 80 73 33 1 32 369 81 57 34 1 33 363 82 53 35 1 34 305 83 39 36 1 35 417 84 2136 365 85 3837 334 86 2138 353 87 3039 343 88 1740 352 89 1241 301 90 1342 334 91 643 238 92 844 271 93 145 247 94 646 234 99 147 263

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Index

Index of tables (Statistical Tables section)

Sub-themes Main Theme Years Table Number

Accidents by severity and road class Accidents 1994-98 and 1998-2002 ave, 1993-2002 5a Accident rates by police force area (traffic) Accidents 1994-98 and 1998-2002 ave 5c Accident rates by road class (traffic) Accidents 1994-98 and 1998-2002 ave, 1993-2001 5b Accident rates on local authority A roads (traffic) Accidents 1994-98 and 1998-2002 ave 5c Accident rates on trunk roads (traffic) Accidents 1994-98 and 1998-2002 ave 5c

Accidents Historic Series 1966 to 2002 1 Accidents by severity Historic Series 1970 to 2002 2

Accidents involving illegal alcohol levels Drink Drive 1994-98 & 1996-00, 1990 to 2000 22 Adult casualties by day of week Casualties 1998-2002 ave 30 Adult casualties by mode of transport Casualties 1994-98 ave, 2002 24 Adult casualties by mode of transport Casualties 1998-2002 ave 28 Adult casualties by month Casualties 1998-2002 ave 29 Adult casualties by time of day Casualties 1998-2002 ave 28 Adult casualties by weekdays/weekend Casualties 1998-2002 ave 28 Adult pedestrian crossing details Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-02, 1998 to 2002 35

Age and sex of drivers Car drivers 1994-98 & 1998-02, 1998 to 2002 18 Age groups (broad) Casualties 1994-98 ave, 2002 24 Age groups (detailed) Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-02, 1998 to 2002 31 Age groups (detailed) Population 1994-98 & 1998-02, 1998 to 2002 31 Age groups within casualty class Casualties 1998-2002 ave 34 Age of driver Car drivers 1998-2002 ave 17

Breath tests and results by day and time Drivers breath 1998-2002 ave 20 Breath tests and results by police force Drivers breath 1994-98 & 1998-02 ave, 1998 to 2002 19 Breath tests and results by time of day Drivers breath 1994-98 & 1998-02 ave, 1998 to 2002 21

Casualties Historic Series 1953 to 2002 1 Casualties by severity Historic Series 1938 to 2002 2 Casualties, Killed & Serious by council and road type Casualties 1994-98 & 1998- 2002 ave, 1994-2002 40 Casualty class Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 26 Casualty class by age group Casualties 1998-2002 ave 34 Casualty rates by age group Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 31 Casualties in accidents which involved illegal alcohol levels Drink-drive 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 22 Casualties Slight & slight casualty rate by LA Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 to 2002 41 Casualties Killed or seriously injured Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 to 2002 42 Casualties Slight & slight casualty rate by police force Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 to 2002 42

Child casualties by day of week Casualties 1998-2002 ave 30 Child casualties by mode of transport Casualties 1994-98 ave, 2002 24 Child casualties by mode of transport Casualties 1998-2002 ave 27 Child casualties by month Casualties 1998-2002 ave 29Child casualties by time of day Casualties 1998-2002 ave 27 Child casualties by weekdays/weekend Casualties 1998-2002 ave 27 Child Killed & Serious casualties by council and road type Casualties 1994-98 & 1998- 2002 ave, 1994-2002 40 Child pedal cycle Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 25 Child pedestrian Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 25 Child pedestrian crossing details Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 35 Child Killed or seriously injured Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 to 2002 42

Cost per accident by element of cost Accident costs 2002 10 Cost per accident by road type Accident costs 2002 11 Cost per casualty by severity (GB) Accident costs 2002 9 Costs - total accidents costs for Scotland Accident costs 1992 to 2002 12

Council by severity Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 36 Council by road type Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 36 Council by severity Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 2002 37

Day of week Casualties 1998-2002 ave 30 Distance between home of driver/rider and accident Drivers and riders 2002 16 Distance between home of casualty and accident Casualties 2002 39

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Drink drive accidents and casualties Drink-drive 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 22

Driver/Rider by mode of motor transport Casualties 1994-98 ave, 1998 to 2002 26

Junction detail Accidents 1998-2002 ave 8

Light condition Accidents 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 7

Local authority roads Accidents 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 4 Local authority roads by month Accidents 1998-2002 ave 6 Local authority roads by council Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 36

Manoeuvre by type of vehicle Vehicles involved 1998-2002 ave 14 Manoeuvre by age of driver Car drivers 1998-2002 ave 17 Manoeuvre by type of accident Cars involved 1998-2002 ave 15

Mode of motor transport by casualty class Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 26 Mode of transport (casualty rates) Casualties 1998-2002 ave 32 Mode of transport and severity Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 23 Mode of transport by age group Casualties 1994-1998 ave, 2002 24 Mode of transport by age groups Casualties 1998-2002 ave 32

Older adults (60+) by mode of transport Casualties 1994-98 ave, 2002 24

Passenger/pillion Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 26

Pedal cycle Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 25

Pedestrian crossing details Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 35 Pedestrians Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 25 Pedestrians by council Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 2002 38 Pedestrians by police force area Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 2002 38

Police force area Accidents 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 3 Police force area by severity Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 37 Police force by breath test results Drivers breath 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 19

Population Historic Series 1953 to 2002 1 Population estimates by age groups (detailed) Population 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 31

Road class Accidents 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 - 2002 5a Road lengths Historic Series 1955 to 2002 1 Road surface condition Accidents 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 7

Sex by age group Casualties 1998-2002 ave 34 Sex of drivers Car drivers 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 18

Speed limit Casualties 1998-2002 ave 33

Traffic on all roads Historic Series 1985 to 2002 1 Traffic volumes (estimates) by trunk & LA roads Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 -2002 41 Traffic volumes (estimates) Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 -2002 42

Trunk roads Accidents 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 4 Trunk roads by month Accidents 1998-2002 ave 6 Trunk roads by council Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 36

Type of vehicle involved Vehicles involved 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1998 to 2002 13

Vehicles involved Historic Series 1969 to 2002 1 Vehicles licensed Historic Series 1962 to 2002 1 Volume of traffic (estimated) Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 to 2002 41 Volume of traffic (estimated) Casualties 1994-98 & 1998-2002 ave, 1994 to 2002 42

Young persons by mode of transport Casualties 1994-98 ave, 2002 24

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Statistics Provided in More Detail in Previous Editions

Accidents by road type Chart (1993 edition page 19) Accident rates by road type (1) Scotland, England and Wales (1993 edition pages 20, 21) (2) Regions of Scotland (1993 edition pages 22, 23)

(3) Accident rates based on "4 rate" average (traffic, population, vehicles licensed, road length) by Region of Scotland (1993 edition pages 24 to 27)

Accidents by time of day and day of week 1993 edition pages 28, 29, 86, 87 1994 edition pages 11, 36, 37 Accidents by month and light condition 1993 edition pages 30 to 33 Accidents by time of day, season and road condition 1993 edition pages 34 to 36 1994 edition pages 38 to 39 Accidents by time of day, season and severity 1993 edition pages 36, 37 1994 edition pages 40, 41 Accidents by light condition and severity 1996 edition pages 38,39 Accidents by road condition Scotland, Great Britain 1993 edition pages 38, 39 Accidents by road condition and severity 1996 edition pages 42,43 Vehicles involved in accidents 1993 edition page 41 Casualties: going to/from school 1993 edition page 57 Pedestrian Casualties by month and light condition 1993 edition page 59 Pedestrian casualties by time of day and light condition 1993 edition pages 60, 61 Pedestrian/non-pedestrian casualties by age and severity 1996 edition pages 92,93Accidents by junction detail and severity 2000 edition pages 60, 61 Care drivers involved in accidents by age of driver and type of accident 2000 edition pages 76, 77 Vehicles involved by type 2000 edition pages 66, 67

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ERRORS IN THE PREVIOUS EDITION

We are pleased to say that no errors have been found in the statistics that were published in the previous edition.

As mentioned in the Introduction, the statistics given here for 2001 and earlier years may differ slightly from the previously published figures for those years, due to (e.g.) Police Forces submitting late returns, and revisions to returns which had been made earlier. However, such changes are notregarded as “corrections” to “errors” in the previous edition, because the tables and charts in the previous edition had been prepared correctly from the underlying data as they stood at that time.

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SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE ROAD SAFETY RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

The Scottish Executive publishes a series of reports and research summaries based on road safety research. Research Findings, Full Reports and further information about social research in the Scottish Executive may be viewed on the Internet at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/socialresearch The Reports may be purchased from The Stationery Office Bookshop - contact details appear towards the foot of the page on Scottish Executive Transport Statistics publications.

Information about the reports published between 1998 and 2003 is given in:

Review of The Scottish Executive Road Safety Research Programme 1998-2003: 2003 Price £ 5.00

Information about the reports published between January 1989 and August 1997 is given in:

Review of The Scottish Office Road Safety Research Programme 1989-97: 1997 Price £ 2.50

For each research project described or listed below copies of the Research Findings (a short paper which sets out the main findings), can be obtained, free on request, from:

The Scottish Executive Social Research

Area 1F (Dockside) Victoria Quay Edinburgh EH6 6QQ Tel: 0131-244 7560

The following reports were published between October 2001 and September 2002:

Evaluation of the West Lothian Driver Improvement Scheme Price £5.00Road Safety and Social Inclusion Price £5.00Why do Parents Drive their Children to School? Price £5.00Management of Work-related Road Safety Price £5.00Child Accidents en route to and from School Price £5.00

Key Findings of Research Reports published since October 2002:

Evaluation of Drug Driving TV Advert The Scottish Executive and the Scottish Road Safety Campaign commissioned NFO Social Research to carry out an evaluation of a recent TV advert aimed at discouraging people from driving under the influence of drugs ('drug driving'). The research consisted of a series of questions in the Scottish Opinion Survey (SOS), a series of qualitative interviews with 17-24 year old drivers and a quota survey of a sample of current Scottish drivers.

Key Findings:Awareness of advertising and publicity on drugs and driving was highUnderstanding of the key messages of the advert was generally good There was, however, some evidence that the overall impact of the advert was undermined by doubts about the credibility of the enforcement message. The qualitative research suggested that some aspects of the style and content of the advert may also have limited the impact on younger drivers. Most participants found the first half of the advert amusing, but there was some debate amongst respondents over whether the second half had as much impact on viewers.

2003 Price £5.00 2003 Price £5.02003 Price £5.00

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Evaluation of Bikesafe Scotland The Scottish Executive and the Scottish Road Safety Campaign commissioned NFO Social Research to evaluate Bikesafe Scotland (a multi-agency initiative aimed at reducing the number and severity of crashes involving motorcyclists in Scotland). The research involved a before-and-after survey of motorcyclists who took part in the Bikesafe Scotland Assessed Ride programme, a survey of people who took part in Bikesafe in 2001, a desk-based analysis of trends in motorcycle accidents in Scotland and a series of in-depth telephone interviews with representatives from the organisations involved in running Bikesafe Scotland and with stakeholders from the motorcycle industry.

Key findings: The number of motorcyclists killed or injured on Scotland's roads fell in the early 1990s but has increased again since 1997. Older motorcyclists, aged over 30, account for an increasing proportion of casualties. Approximately 1,769 assessed rides have been carried out in the three years since the launch of Bikesafe Scotland in 2000. The scheme does seem to be successful in attracting 'vulnerable' groups of motorcyclists, such as those aged over 30 years and riders who passed their test through the Direct Access scheme. The research shows that participants find the Bikesafe Assessed Ride programme useful, and that participating has a beneficial impact in terms of improving participants' control and encouraging them to ride defensively. There was evidence to suggest that some participants may be riding faster in some situations after taking part in Bikesafe. It may be that some participants are engaging in 'risk compensation' - they feel that they have become better riders, and are therefore better equipped to ride at speed.It was suggested that Bikesafe might be improved by focusing on attitudes to riding, and by further promotion of the advanced training message by Bikesafe organisers.

2003 Price £5.00

2003 Price £5.00

Evaluation of the Children’s Traffic Club in Scotland: New Nursery & Playgroup Pack The Scottish Executive and the Scottish Road Safety Campaign commissioned ODS Ltd. to carry out an evaluation of the Children's Traffic Club in Scotland (CTCS) revised Nursery and Playgroup Pack launched in November 2001. The aim of the evaluation was to assess the use and impact of the educational resource pack and any effect it might have in raising awareness of the CTCS

Key findings:

The Pack has had a significant effect in raising or reinforcing awareness of the Children's Traffic Club in Scotland among nursery staff, children and with parents, though its actual effects on Club membership are unknown.The Pack format and content are well regarded, considered attractive and useful.Nurseries have integrated the Pack into a wide range of road safety activities and used it to complement and reinforce them. Use of the Pack seemed to be influenced by the extent to which nursery staff had been briefed or trained in its use and familiarised, even briefly, with its contents. Generally, individual nurseries determined the format and approaches to road safety education and there was relatively little intervention on the part of pre 5s advisers in this area of activity. Examples of Good Practice included: training and briefing nurseries on the use of the Pack, linking the use of the Pack to road safety events, integrating use of the Pack within wider personal safety education, and raising parental awareness.

2003 Price £5.00 2003 Price £5.00

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The Speeding Driver: Who, Why and How? The Scottish Executive and the Scottish Road Safety Campaign commissioned research to follow up previous studies in 1991, 1994 and 1996 on the causes and consequences of speeding. The study consisted of: a review of national and international literature; focus groups with different types of speeding driver; interviews with crash-involved drivers; a review of recent anti-speeding campaigns and initiatives in Scotland; an analysis of a sample of police records of speeding offences; and an extensive household survey of over 1,000 Scottish car drivers.

Key findings

Over the last decade the proportion of Scottish drivers speeding in built up areas has decreased, while the proportion of respondents speeding in 70 mph zones has increased Scottish drivers attitudes to speed limits have remained largely unchanged. However there is significant support for engineering measures to reduce speed in residential areas The proportion of Scottish motorists who had seen speed cameras rose from 54% to 96%, with public support for camera enforcement falling slightly Most speeding offences occurred on built up roads, offending levels were highest during the weekday inter-peak period Young males were most likely to offend and be the subject of Police reports for excessive speed Comparison with the 1996 study suggested that the percentage of non-manual occupation drivers caught speeding has almost halved, while the percentage of manual unskilled and unemployed drivers caught speeding has increased.For male drivers, the more likely they were to speed on different types of road, the more likely they were to have recently been involved in a crash whilst driving.

2003 Price £5.00 2003 Price £5.00

External-to-Vehicle Driver Distraction The Scottish Executive commissioned a literature review on driver distraction to explore in more depth whether external driver distraction is a significant factor in road accidents and to examine existing knowledge and gaps on the relevant external factors that cause vehicle accidents, with a view to identifying where further research might be carried out.

Key findings

Information from accident databases suggests that external-to-vehicle driver distraction is a major contributory factor to road accidents. However it is likely that these incidents are under-reported. The real risks may therefore be greater than official statistics suggest.

The evidence suggests that there are two specific situations where the risk factor of billboards and signs is at its highest: at junctions, and on long monotonous roads (such as motorways).

There is overwhelming evidence that advertisements and signs placed near junctions can function as distractors, and that this constitutes a major threat to road safety. It is also likely that drivers can become distracted by lights or billboards on long 'boring' stretches of road.

Overall the literature review found that advertising/billboards can function as distractors in specific situations. However, more research is needed to discover in what particular situations they pose most of a threat, and the precise extent of the risk.

2003 Price £5.00 2003 Price £5.00

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Changing Speeding Behaviour in Scotland: An Evaluation of ‘FOOLSSPEED’ Campaign The Scottish Executive and the DTLR commissioned an evaluation of the Foolsspeed advertising campaign (designed to reduce urban speeding in Scotland) to assess how well it communicated with drivers in Scotland and its impact on the psychological factors which encourage drivers to speed.

Key findings

The Foolsspeed advertising campaign elements - logo, name and three 40-second television ads - generated high levels of spontaneous and prompted awareness. All three ads were liked, felt to be easy to understand and not to 'talk down to' the audience. Respondents who were frequent speeders were more likely than infrequent speeders to indicate that the ads made them 'feel bad' about how they drove. Attitudes towards speeding and affective beliefs - feelings about the emotional benefits associated with speeding - became significantly more negative, or anti-speeding, over the course of the campaign. Overall, the findings indicate that it is possible to create memorable and engaging road safety advertising without a fear-arousing approach. Furthermore, the campaign appears to have been effective in changing attitudes regarding speeding.

2003 Price £5.002003 Price £5.00

Seatbelt Wearing in Scotland: A Second Study in Compliance The Scottish Executive commissioned The Halcrow Group Ltd to undertake research to establish the current rate of compliance with seatbelt wearing legislation, and whether there has been any significant change since 1997, updating the first study of compliance carried out in 1997. The research measured the rate of seat belt wearing by drivers of cars, vans and taxis, and front and rear seat passengers (including children) in Scotland.

Key findings

88.6% of all vehicle occupants were observed to be wearing an appropriate restraint, a 2.2% increase since 1997.Light van and taxi occupants had a substantially lower compliance rates than car occupiers. 95% of car drivers, 91% of front seat passengers and 78% of rear seat passengers were appropriately restrained.There continues to be a correspondence between the behaviour of car drivers and passengers, with a greater likelihood of passenger compliance where the driver also used a seat belt.Overall, little change in seat belt use was recorded. However, rear seat restraint use rose from 71% to 78%, and there was a decline in restraint usage for children under 5 years. 1% of drivers were observed to be using hand-held mobile telephone equipment.

2003 Price £5.00 2003 Price £5.00

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Scottish Executive Transport Statistics publications

Scottish Transport Statistics starts with a Summary, which describes the trends for each mode of transport over the past ten years, compares some key statistics with the equivalent figures for Great Britain and provides some longer-term historical series. This is followed by chapters on Road transport vehicles, Bus and coach travel, Road freight, Toll bridges, Road network, Road traffic, Injury road accidents, Rail services, Air transport, Water transport, Finance and Personal and cross-modal travel. Each chapter consists of groups of tables on that topic, together with some comments on points shown in the tables, and some notes on the definitions and sources of the statistics. Finally, there is a section on International Comparisons. Latest edition: provides figures up to 2002, in general (in some cases, the latest available figures relate to a different period, such as the calendar year 2001, the financial year 2001-02 or the financial year 2002-03); published in August 2003 Published Annually Price: £ 10.00 ISBN 0-7559-0849-X

Household Transport: some Scottish Household Survey results provides information about the transport facilities available to private households, and about some travel by household members. Topics covered include: the availability of cars for private use; estimated household expenditure on fuel for motor vehicles; people's possession of driving licences and their frequency of driving; people's frequency of walking and cycling; people's frequency of travel in the evening and how safe they feel from crime while doing so; travel to work (including reasons for method used and reasons for not using public transport); travel to school (including reasons for mode choice and reasons for not using public transport); adults with limited mobility and adults with Orange or Blue Badges. Earlier editions covered some other topics as well as some (but not all) of these topics. Latest edition: gives figures for 2001, and a few for 1999 and 2000; published December 2002. Published Annually Price: £ 2.00 ISBN 0 7559 3494 6

Transport across Scotland: some Scottish Household Survey results for parts of Scotlandprovides information about the transport facilities available to private households, and about some travel by household members, for parts of Scotland. Statistics are provided for each Council area, and for each category of an urban / rural classification that was developed for analysing the results of the SHS. The topics covered include: the accessibility and frequency of bus services; people's views on the convenience of public transport, the availability for private use of motor vehicles, cars and company cars; people's possession of driving licences and frequency of driving; people's frequency of walking and cycling; the usual method of travel to work; whether people work from home; whether car commuters could use public transport; where people who drive to work park; and travel to school.Latest (and only) edition: provides figures for 1999/2000; published in December 2001 Published Biennially Price: £ 2.00 ISBN 0 7559 3287 0

Scottish Household Survey Travel Diary results provides information about the journeys made by adults living in private households. The topics covered include the means of transport used by different types of people, the purposes for which people travel, the distances that they go, the times of day at which trips start, the duration of journeys, and the days of the week on which people travel. The information about the person's travel is analysed in conjunction with information from questions about the household as a whole. The latest edition of the bulletin includes, for the first time, some results for individual local authorities.Latest edition: gives figures for 2001, and a few for 1999 and 2000; published in February 2003 Published Annually Price: £ 2.00 ISBN 0 7559 2317 0

Travel by Scottish residents: some National Travel Survey results provides information about trends in the average number of journeys and average distance travelled per person per year, and the average length of journey, by the main mode of travel and by the purpose of the journey. It also provides information about travel patterns by age-group, by sex, by socio-economic group, by working status, by household income quintile and by whether or not the household has a car. Latest edition: provides figures up to the three year period 1998/2000; published in April 2002 Published Triennially Price: £ 2.00 ISBN 0 7559 2198 4

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Bus and Coach Statistics provides information about the trends in bus and coach services in Scotland, and some related Scottish Household Survey (SHS) results. The statistics of bus and coach services include: the distances travelled by vehicles and the numbers of bus passenger journeys; fare indices; passenger receipts; public transport support and concessionary fare reimbursement; operating costs; vehicle stock and staffing. The SHS statistics include: the accessibility and frequency of bus services; views on the quality of public transport; travel to work by bus and the possible use of public transport by those who travel to work by car or van; reasons for not using buses more often; the frequency of travelling by bus in the evenings and how safe from crime passengers feel; and the proportion of adults' journeys which are made by bus. There are estimates of local bus service vehicle kilometres and passenger journeys for the former Regions of Scotland, and some of the SHS results are provided for individual Council areas. There are also some results from the bus passenger satisfaction survey. Latest edition: provides figures up to the 2001-02 financial year (bus and coach services) and SHS statistics for 2001, and some earlier years; published in March 2003 Published Annually Price: £ 2.00 ISBN 0 7559 3537 3

Road Accidents Scotland starts with a Summary section, which shows the main trends in the numbers of road accidents and casualties in the past ten years. This is followed by a Commentary which includes descriptions of the longer-term trends in the numbers of road accidents and casualties, more detailed analyses of the numbers of accidents, motorists and casualties, and comparisons of the Scottish figures with those of other countries. The next part provides information on, and the figures which relate to, the casualty reduction targets for 2010. This is followed by groups of tables on Accidents, Accident costs, Vehicles involved, Drivers and riders, Drivers breath tested, Drink-drive accidents and casualties, and Casualties. Finally, there are a number of annexes, including a calendar of events affecting road traffic and road safety, notes on the collection of road accident statistics, definitions of various terms, and other information. Latest edition: provides figures up to 2002; published in November 2003 Published Annually Price: £ 10.00 ISBN 0 7559 4021 0

Key Road Accidents Statistics gives the number of accidents, casualties by severity, casualties by type of road, casualties by mode of transport, and child casualties, including trends in recent years and progress towards the casualty reduction targets for the year 2010. Latest edition: provides figures up to 2002; published in June 2003 Published Annually Price: £ 2.00 ISBN 0 7559 3558 6

Copies of these publications may be purchased from: The Stationery Office Bookshop 71 Lothian Road EDINBURGH EH3 9AZ Tel: (0131) 228 4181 FAX: (0131) 622 7017 Cheques (made payable to “The Stationery Office Limited”) should be sent with orders.

Transport Statistics publications may be found on the Scottish Executive Statistics Website.Go to:

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/and click on the link, in the list of “Statistics by topic” at the left of the screen, labelled "Transport and Travel" to get to the Transport Statistics “home page”. Then click on “Publications and Data

Enquiries for more information on Transport Statistics should be addressed to: Scott Brand Transport Statistics branch Scottish Executive Victoria Quay EDINBURGH EH6 6QQ Tel: 0131 244 7255 FAX: 0131 244 0888 E-mail: transtat@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

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INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE TRANSPORT STATISTICS PAGES OF THE SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE STATISTICS WEB SITE

1. The SE Statistics Web site "Transport Statistics" pages provide: access to the "on-line" version of each Transport Statistics publication since Spring 1998; other information - e.g. on arrangements for consulting users and providers; and links to other Web sites.

2. These pages also provide access to Excel spreadsheet versions of the tables in: Road Accidents Scotland 2002;the latest editions of each of our other publications; the previous two editions of Road Accidents Scotland; and some of the previous editions of some of our other publications.

3. To find these, go to: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/and click on the link, in the list of “Statistics by topic” at the left of the screen, labelled "Transport and Travel". Then click on ‘Publications and Data’. You will then see the links to (e.g.)

All Transport Statistics publications that are available on the SE Web site Excel spreadsheet versions of the tables in the more recent editions.

4. The Transport Statistics Web pages will also provide access to:- a few expanded spreadsheet versions of some tables from Road Accidents Scotland andKey Road Accident Statistics. We will decide which tables to produce, in the light of the comments from members of the Liaison Group on Road Accident Statistics (LGRAS). time-series spreadsheet versions of tables (these may be individual calendar year tables for which previously only 5 year average tables were produced). Again, we will decide which tables to produce in the light of the advise of LGRAS. updated versions of some of the tables and charts in the following instances:-

(a) when a further year's figures become available for those of the "key" topics in Scottish Transport Statistics which are "a year behind" the rest of the publication (e.g. those for which the Summary table shows "not available" for the latest year, such as the bus and coach statistics and port/waterborne freight statistics in this edition). All updates are made available separately from the version of the document that is published on the SE Web site (it is not practicable to update the material in the electronic version of the publication); and

(b) to correct any errors that are found in published tables.

5. Each "release" of updated versions of tables will be notified by e-mail to the ScotStat "Transport" mailing list, and any other of our customers whom we think are likely to be interested in the figures. If you would like to register as a user of Transport statistics, please go to http://www.scotland.gov.uk/stats/scotstats.asp and click on 'access the SCOTSTAT register'. You can then enter your details, including your subject areas of interest, in the register.

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SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE STATISTICAL SERVICES

Our aimThe aim of the Statistical Service is to provide relevant and reliable statistical information, analysis and advice that meet the needs of government, business and the people of Scotland.

Our Objectives 1. To ensure that all statistics work is relevant to meeting user needs by

Improving the range of statistics and analysis we produce for users inside and outside of government (including for key cross cutting policy areas such as the economy, social justice, area regeneration, equality and rural issues)

Reviewing and where practicable improving timeliness. Providing more statistics disaggregated by age, gender, ethnicity and other characteristics. Developing more data for small areas through the Neighbourhood Statistics project Maintaining comparability of statistics across the UK.

2. To make better use of our statistics by Contributing more directly to policy processes inside and where possible outside government. These

include community planning, performance information, measurement of government targets, better policy making and modernising government objectives.

Improving access to and presentation of data and analysis, through better use of the Web, improved publications and improved systems for holding and accessing background data.

Improving the advice provided on statistics to Ministers and senior management within the Executive.

3. To develop the reliability and integrity of official statistics by Assuring and improving quality as an integral part of data collection and analysis and through regular

reviews in line with National Statistics quality strategy. Developing statistical methods, systems and classifications Maintaining and promoting integrity through implementation of the National Statistics Code of Practice

and related protocols.

4. To ensure the efficient and effective delivery of statistics products and services by Making full use of all sources including administrative sources.

Minimising the burden on data providers through Survey Monitoring & Advice Ensuring value for money. Employing staff with the necessary skills and ensuring development of expertise amongst existing staff. Ensuring effective use of Information and Communications Technology. Managing, promoting and upholding the integrity of the statistics profession.

5. To plan effectively and work together by Producing and implementing an annual Scottish Executive Statistics Plan. Developing more co-ordinated working arrangements with other analytical services in and out of the

Executive. Working with the rest of the Government Statistical Service to develop joint approaches/solutions where

appropriate. Improving the involvement of users and providers, working on a partnership basis wherever possible.

This is a National Statistics publication

This is a National Statistics publication. It has been produced to high professional standards set out in the National Statistics Code of Practice and Release Practice Protocol. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/about_ns/cop/default.asp

These statistics undergo regular quality assurance reviews to ensure that they meet customer needs. They are produced free from any political interference.

Details of pre-release access will be provided in the Scottish Executive Statistics Website under 'Forthcoming Releases'

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Correspondence and enquiries

Enquiries on Transport Statistics should be addressed to:

Scott Brand ASD: Transport Statistics Branch Scottish Executive Development Department Victoria Quay Edinburgh EH6 6QQ Telephone (0131) 244 7255; Fax: (0131) 244 0888 e-mail: transtat@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

General enquiries on Scottish Executive statistics can be addressed to:

Kevin Meenan Central Statistics Unit Scottish Executive4 Floor East Rear, St Andrews House EDINBURGH EH1 3DG Telephone: (0131) 244 0442; Fax: (0131) 244 0335 e-mail: statistics.enquiries@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

Advice on specific areas of Scottish Executive statistical work can be obtained from staff at the telephone numbers given below:Scottish Executive Statistics contacts Schools – qualifications (0131) 244 0313 Schools – pupils and teachers (0131) 244 0309 Further and Higher Education (0141) 242 0273

The Economy (0131) 244 2234 Labour market (0141) 242 5446 Business (0141) 242 5446 Income, Tax and Benefits (0131) 244 2583 Local government finance (0131) 244 7033 Environment, planning & local government staffing (0131) 244 0445 Equality (0131) 244 0442 Housing (0131) 244 7236 Transport (0131) 244 7255 Health (0131) 244 3432 Community Care (0131) 244 3777 Social Justice (0131) 244 0442 Scottish Executive personnel (0131) 244 3926 Agricultural census and labour force (0131) 244 6150 Fisheries (0131) 244 6441 Courts and law (0131) 244 2227 Recorded crime and prisons (0131) 244 2225

Other contacts for Scottish statisticsForestry Commission (0131) 314 6337 The Scottish Funding Councils for Higher and Further Education

(0131) 313 6575

General Register Office for Scotland - Vital statistics and publications - Population statistics, census statistics

or digital boundary products

(0131) 314 4243

(0131) 314 4254

For general enquiries about National Statistics in the United Kingdom Government contact the National Statistics Public Enquiry Service on 020 7533 5888 minicom: 01633 812399 Email: info@statistics.gov.uk Fax: 01633 652747 Letters: room DG/18, 1 Drummond Gate, LONDON SW1V 2QQ

You can also find National Statistics on the internet - go to www.statistics.gov.uk

Current staff names, e-mail addresses and the publications listed below as well as a range of other statistical publications can be found on the Scottish Executive Web site at www.scotland.gov.uk/stats.

Further information on the General Register Office for Scotland is available on the website www.gro-scotland.gov.ukMost recent Statistical Publications relating to Transport and Travel Ref no. Title Last published Price

Scottish Transport Statistics, no 22 / 2003 Edition August 2003 £ 10.00

Road Accidents Scotland November 2003 £ 10.00Trn / 2003 / 3 Key Road Accident Statistics June 2003 £ 2.00

Trn / 2002 / 6 Household Transport: some Scottish Household Survey results December 2002 £ 2.00 Trn / 2001 / 4 Transport across Scotland: some Scottish Household Survey results for parts of

ScotlandDecember 2001 £ 2.00

Trn / 2003 / 1 Scottish Household Survey Travel Diary results February 2003 £ 2.00 Trn / 2002 / 3 Travel by Scottish residents: some National Travel Survey results April 2002 £ 2.00

Trn / 2003 / 2 Bus and Coach Statistics March 2003 £ 2.00

Additional copies of these publications may be purchased from Scottish Executive Publication Sales, The Stationery Office Bookshop, 71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh, EH3 9AZ, Telephone: (0131) 228 4181, Fax: (0131) 622 7017. Cheques should be made payable to ‘The Stationery Office Limited’.

Complaints and suggestionsIf you are not satisfied with our service, please write to the Chief Statistician, Mr Rob Wishart, 4 Floor East Rear, St Andrews House, Edinburgh, EH1 3DG, Telephone: (0131) 244 0302, e-mail rob.wishart@scotland.gov.uk. We also welcome any comments or suggestions that would help us to improve our standards of service.

ISBN 0 7559 4021 0 Price £10.00

Crown Copyright Brief extracts from the Crown Copyright material in this publication may be reproduced provided the source is fully acknowledged.

9 780755 940219

ISBN 0-7559-4021-0

208

Road

Accid

ents Scotland

2002

9 780755 940219

ISBN 0-7559-4021-0

© Crown copyright 2003

Astron B28060 11-02

This document is also available on the Scottish Exexcutive website www.scotland.gov.uk

£10.00

Road Accidents Scotland 2002

A Scottish Executive National Statistics publication

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