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Running head: SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 1
PED 403 – Kinesiology & PED 404 – Motor Learning
Soccer Goalkeeper’s Side Volley Punt Analysis & Motor Skill Program
Scott Armistead, ATC Candidate
McKendree University
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 2
Contents
Skill Description 3
Primary Purpose 6 Movement Phases 7
Classification of the Skill 11 Methods 12
Participants 12
Photographic Analysis 12 Video Analysis 12
Results 13 Anatomical Analysis 13 Mechanical Analysis 20
Description of Motion 20 Linear Kinematics 21
Rotary/Angular Kinematics 23 Kinetics 24 Force of Gravity 26
Muscular Force 26 Levers 27
Torque 27 Center of Gravity/Mobility/Stability 28 Motor Skill Program 29
Learning Experience Preparation 31 Instructional Materials 31
Conclusion 33 References 34 Appendices
Appendix A 35 Appendix B 37
Appendix C 38 Appendix D 41 Appendix E 44
Appendix F 46 Appendix G 49
Appendix H 50 Appendix I 53
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 3
Skill Description of the Soccer Goalkeeper’s Side Volley Punt
The goalkeeper is as important, if not the most important part of a soccer team. Having a
secure goalkeeper in goal can change the whole team’s dynamics in the way that the team plays.
Soccer as a game has evolved greatly in the past few decades. With improvements in all aspects
of the game (player conditioning, ball technology, player equipment technology), the game’s
speed has increased dramatically. With this increase in speed, an increase in the need for
goalkeepers to distribute the ball quickly has occurred also. The counterattack is an aspect of
soccer that is often underrated by the common observer. Often counterattacks start with the
speedy distribution from a goalkeeper, to the attackers who happen to be outnumbering the
opposition’s defenders at the time. The best way to get the ball from the goalkeeper to the
attacker is most commonly to “side volley” punt it forward. However, unlike the American
football punt, a goalkeeper’s side volley punt has a need to be direct and usually to a specific
player or area on the field. This often requires a different speed of the ball to the player- some
being direct and faster to an attacker’s chest, others being floated and a slower to a space in
behind the defending team’s backline to try and gain an advantage in terms of space on the field.
The speed of the leg swinging through to kick the ball will change the speed in which the ball
travels up the field, with a greater speed of the leg resulting in a greater speed off the foot, and
thus up the field.
In a study by Nicholas P. Linthorne and Dipesh S. Patel, the Optimum projection angle
for attaining maximum distance. In this study, the researchers used a classic punting style to
attain the best angle at which the foot connects with the ball to get the greatest distance away
from the goalkeeper.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 4
The introduction to this research study noted that “It is well known that a greater
projection velocity results in a greater kick distance” (203). The authors also noted that in
previous studies the throwing and jumping optimum projection angles were investigated. Unlike
common belief, the optimum projection angle was not 45°.
There were two semi-professional participants in this study. Participant 1 was a 21 year
old male, 1.73 meters tall and weighing in at 78 kilograms. Participant 2 was also a 21 year old
male, 1.80 meters tall and weighing in at 76 kilograms. The kicks were conducted in a
Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) regulation outdoor stadium, using a
FIFA approved Nike match ball, the same match ball being used in the English Premiership. As
noted earlier, the participants used an old style, American football style punt, technique to kick
the ball. The participants performed maximum effort kicks at their own preferred projection
angle, then more maximum effort kicks at different angles ranging from either “much higher” to
“much lower” than their preferred projection angles (Linthorne & Dipesh, 2011).
In this study the foot velocity, thigh angular velocity and max thigh angular velocity were
each recorded. The results are as follows:
Participant 1 Participant 2
Foot Velocity (ms-1) 18.0 16.4
Thigh Angular Velocity
(deg s-1)
80 150
Max Thigh Angular Velocity
(deg s-1)
1160 930
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 5
The authors had this to say regarding kicking mechanics:
A soccer punt kick is a ‘throw-like’ pattern, where the movement of the proximal (thigh) segment is initiated through muscular torque at the hip joint, with the distal (shank-foot)
segment initially lagging behind. Later in the kick, momentum is rapidly transferred to the shank-foot segment... This whip like action results in the end point of the kinetic chain (the foot) reaching a high velocity at the instant of ball contact (210)
Linthorne and Dipesh conclude the kicking mechanics section of their research by stating
that “When kicking a soccer ball the projection velocity of the ball was expected to be
determined by the velocity of the player’s foot at impact” (Linthorne & Dipesh, 2011). Thus, if
the velocity of the foot is increased or decreased, the speed of the ball and thus potential
displacement of the ball will be increased or decreased respectively.
In an additional study conducted by Nicholas P. Linthrone and Thomas G. Stokes, the
optimum projection angle for attaining maximum distance in a rugby place kick was analyzed.
Although the topic of this research different to that being discussed in this works, Linthrone and
Stokes included information pertaining to the action of kicking. The authors included a graph
displaying the maximum kick distance plotted against the maximum projection angle. This
graph shows a positive linear correlation between the kick distance and projection velocity. To
increase projection velocity, it was discussed earlier one can increasing the speed of the foot.
The study by Linthrone and Stokes proves that a faster projection velocity results in a longer kick
distance. Thus, if the speed of the kicking leg increases, the distance the ball will increase also.
In a separate study performed by Glenn S. Fleisig and associates, the kinematic
comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development was studied and
discussed. In this study, the authors noted the average speeds of the various athletes arm
acceleration phases, as well as the various average speed of the ball. For the youth participants,
the average elbow extension velocity was recorded at 2230 ±300 degrees/second, this is paired
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 6
with an average throwing velocity of 28 ±1 meters/second (Fleisig et. Al. 1999). For college
athlete, the average elbow extension velocity was recorded as 2380 ±300 degrees/second, this
was paired with an average throwing velocity of 35 ±2 meters/second (Fleisig et. Al. 1999). It
can be seen from these statistics that an increase in the elbow extension velocity correlates with
an increase in the ball speed, as the faster velocity of the elbow extension in college level
athlete’s results in a faster throw when comparing it to youth athletes. This can be related back
to the goalkeepers side volley punt as the extension of the forearm about the elbow joint in the
throw is a similar motion to the extension of the lower leg about the knee joint in the kick.
Primary Purpose of the Skill
The goalkeeper’s side volley is a skill utilized by many high level goalkeepers in the
modern game of soccer. It is a skill that has developed as the game has developed. The need to
get the ball up the field to an attacker quickly has become more important as the game’s
technology has evolved. The ball is now faster than it ever has been, and the players are now
faster and stronger than they ever have been. This means that the movement of the ball by the
players also has to be faster to keep up with the increased game speed.
When the goalkeeper gets the ball in his hands, the opposing team is often pushed up the
field more than they usually would be (as they are trying to help their team score a goal). This
means that there is more space for the goalkeeper’s team to exploit behind the opposing team’s
backline. The fastest way to get the ball from the goalkeeper to behind the opposing team’s
backline is to kick it. However, there is not enough time nor space available for the goalkeeper
to place the ball on the ground and kick it, as when he places the ball on the ground, it invites the
other team to tackle him.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 7
The next best alternative is a punt. However, the traditional punt has become outdated as
by the time the ball is lofted high into the air and by the time it takes to come down, the opposing
team has gained their shape again well enough to defend it. This is where the side volley comes
in. The side volley punt has the direction and speed of a regular kick and the height of a punt,
meaning the goalkeeper is able to exploit the space at a speed that is suited to the time he has
available to him.
Movement Phases
Phase I: The ball transfer phase is the first phase of the side volley punt, the ball is being
transferred from being held in both the players’ hands to being held solely in the goalkeepers’
left hand. This is the beginning phase of the side volley punt and is a critical phase as without
this, the kick would be being performed incorrectly (with the ball being released from both
hands). The beginning point of this phase is anywhere from when the goalkeeper has the ball
secured in both his hands- he could be either on the ground (just made a diving save), in the air
(just caught a cross), or standing (just saved a ball that has been shot at him but not required to
dive). The end point of this phase is when the ball is out in front of the goalkeeper. The end of
this phase coincides with the beginning of the second phase. This is shown in Figure 1(a).
Phase II: Height judgment. In this phase, the player has the ball in front of his body, still
in their release hand (left). The purpose of this phase is to have the ball in front of the
goalkeeper and to judge the height he will release it from; a different release height has the
potential to change the critical component of the kick. The beginning of this phase is where the
goalkeeper has the ball in front of his body. The end point of this phase is where the goalkeeper
has chosen a correct height and begins his release of the ball. The end of this phase also
coincides with the beginning of the next phase. This is shown in Figure 1(b).
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 8
Phase III: The release. This phase begins and ends with the goalkeeper releasing the ball
out of his left hand. This is an important phase as the height at which the ball is thrown will
change the kicks dynamics, a higher throw will mean the goalkeeper will make contact later,
changing the direction the ball will travel, a lower throw will result in the connection being made
earlier- also changing the kicks dynamics. This is shown in Figure 1(c).
Phase IV: The step phase. This phase is initiated as Phase III: The release is in progress,
this phase also the first of two critical components in the kick: the angle at which the leg begins
its forward movement toward the ball. In this phase, the goalkeeper lunges forward with his left
leg and begins to wind his right leg (kicking leg) up. The end point of this phase is where the
goalkeeper has his left leg planted in the ground and his right leg has begun to follow through.
This phase is critical as the length of the lunge will change the amount of room the following leg
will have to swing through- altering the amount of power the goalkeeper has available from his
wind-up/follow through. The end of this phase is also the beginning of the fifth phase. This is
shown in Figure 1(d).
Phase V: Contact phase. In this phase, the goalkeepers trailing leg (right leg) follows
through the left leg that has been planted in phase IV. This phase contains the second critical
component of the kick: The moment at which the foot connects with the ball. This phase is the
final phase that this works will focus on, the paper will be interested in how the speed in which
the foot connects with the ball changes the speed by which the ball will travel. This phase begins
when the planting leg has been fully planted the trailing leg begins to follow through. This phase
travels with the right leg right the way through the kick until the point at which the foot connects
with the ball, the moment in which the foot connects with the ball is the end point of this phase.
This is shown in Figure 1(e).
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 9
Phase VI: The follow through. This is the final phase of the side volley punt. The
beginning of this phase overlaps with the end of Phase V, the moment at which the foot connects
with the ball is also the moment at which the follow through phase is initiated. The follow
through phase moves with the kicking leg right the way through until the leg is planted in the
ground also. It should be noted that in this phase, the planting leg also moves. As the kicking
leg is planted, the weight of the body is transferred over to this leg. The left leg is allowed to
follow its own course being released from holding the body’s weight and becoming relaxed
when compared to the right. The right leg holding the body weight and left leg becoming
relaxed marks the end of this phase. This is shown in Figure 1(f).
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 10
Figure 1. Side Volley Punt Mechanics Photographs
Figure 1. The (a) The ball transfer phase, (b) Height judgment phase, (c) Ball release phase, (d) Stride phase
(critical phase I), (e) Contact phase (critical phase II), and (f) follow through phase are the six sequential phases of
the goalkeepers side volley punt.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 11
Classification of the Skill
The action of the goalkeepers side volley punt is giving motion to an external object, that
being the ball, through kicking. It can also be classified on a “Simultaneous-Sequential”
continuum. The action is more sequential in nature than simultaneous as there is a distinct
phases of the punt that occur in sequence.
This skill is also classed as a discrete, open skill. It is discrete as there is a clear
beginning and end to the skill. It begins when the goalkeeper has the ball and ends when the ball
has left the goalkeeper’s foot. As the skill is being performed as part of a sport that is played
outside in an environment that is unpredictable due to different weather patterns and player
movement, the skill is classified as open.
At a college level, the skill should be classed heavily on the motor side of the motor-
cognitive continuum. However, this athlete has recently changed his kicking style (from the
more classic punt to the side volley), the skill is being classed as in the middle of motor-
cognitive continuum. This is due to the athlete still having to concentrate on the specific
movement patterns required to create a successful kick.
When classified on Bompa’s Force-Speed-Endurance triangle, the skill lies heavily on the
force corner, however, it should be noted that the skill is often required to be completed
anywhere from 1-20 times in any given game setting, and the speed at which the skill is
completed is often required to be fast (to create a counter-attack situation). So the skill cannot be
completely forceful, there is still endurance and speed aspects involved in it.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 12
Methods
Participants
The sample size of this research study includes one athlete. The athlete is a New Zealand
born male, 20 years of age. The subject has completed his high school education in New
Zealand under the Cambridge International Examination (CIE) Certificates and is currently
studying his undergraduate degree in Athletic Training at McKendree University (Lebanon, IL).
This athlete’s is native language English. The athlete has been playing soccer since he was 4
years of age, so he is currently competing in his 16th year of participation. The athlete has had
international playing experience as a soccer goalkeeper, travelling to an Under 17 World Cup
played in Mexico in 2011, as well as experience at elite men’s competition in New Zealand sicne
the age of 17.
Photographic Analysis
On Friday, 29th August 2014, Kinesiology (PED 403-02WA) students selected a skill
each to be analyzed. The students set up a time and date for a photo shoot of that skill. On the
selected day, the instructor was the photographer. The photography equipment utilized is as
listed: Nikon D2H Digital Camera Body; Nikon AF Nikkor 24-85mm Camera Lens; SanDisk
Ultra CompactFlash 30MB/s* 4GB SanDisk; Belkin USB 2.0 Hub & All-in-1 Media Reader &
Writer; Manfrotto Tripod with Manfrotto Joystick Camera Mount. The images were sent to the
author and received via Microsoft Outlook. The author used an ASUS Windows 8.1 laptop with
Windows Photo Viewer to analyze the images.
Video Analysis
On Friday, 29th August 2014, Kinesiology (PED 403-02WA) students selected a
skill each to be analyzed. The students set up a time and date for a video shoot of that skill. On
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 13
the selected day, the instructor was the videographer. The video equipment utilized is as listed:
Samsung Galaxy S5 with 16 megapixel video camera/camcorder; and the RightView Pro
Unlocker Application. The video was sent to the author and received via Microsoft Outlook.
The author used an ASUS Windows 8.1 laptop with Windows Media Player to analyze the
video.
Results
Anatomical Analysis
The anatomy of the human body is a critical component to any skill or movement pattern.
Each individual has a different makeup of body composition and tissues, however, the muscle
contractions and movement patterns governing each movement come from the same muscles and
each joint will be the same joint moved. The only difference is the force exerted while the
individual completes said skill. With regards to the goalkeepers side volley, the knee joint and
ankle joints are quintessential joints. The knee joint gives the lower leg the speed, and thus
power, to create an effective kick. The position and relative tension inside ankle joint will
determine if the kick is successful or not. For a concise breakdown of each joint involved in the
motion of the goalkeepers side volley punt, complete with the type of contraction, force creating
contraction, plane and axis the joint is moving, and muscle effecting the joint, refer to Appendix
A.
The knee joint is the largest joint in the body. It is made up of 3 bones; the femur, tibia,
and patella. The distal femur is covered in articular cartilage allowing smooth articulation with
the patella and proximal tibia. At the end of the femur are two condyles separated by a trochlear
notch, the intercondylar fossa, this notch is the articulation point between the femur and patella.
Proximally to each condyle are epicondyles which serve as the attachment site for various
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 14
muscles, tendons and ligaments. The proximal tibia articulates with the distal femur through
condyles formed from the tibial shaft. Superior to each condyle, the tibial plateaus are convex to
allow for acceptance of the distal femur. Inferior to the plateaus and along the midline of the
tibia is the landmark of the tibial tuberosity. This is the attachment site of the patella tendon.
Embedded in the patella tendon, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. It is shaped
as an inverted triangle. The patella rests just proximal to the joint line when the patient is resting
with their legs extended. Posteriorly, a thick layer of articular cartilage covers the bone. This
articular cartilage allows for smooth gliding over the intercondylar notch. Also posteriorly, a
ridge through the middle of the patella separates it into medial and lateral facets, commonly a
second ridge runs through the lateral facet, creating a third “odd” facet. These facets aid in
smooth articulation inside the intercondylar notch.
There are four main ligaments inside the knee. These ligaments work together to allow
the knee the greatest, and safest, range of motion, while providing breaking forces at the extreme
of the ranges and stabilizing the knee. Medial and lateral to the knee joint and crossing over the
joint line, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments assist to resist forces from the medial and
lateral side respectively. These forces will occur through the frontal anterior/posterior plane. An
example of this force would be a football player being tackled and having his knee “buckle
sideways.” For a force from the lateral side, the medial ligament acts to hold the medial side
from opening, causing injury. From the medial side, the lateral ligament works to stop the lateral
side from opening and causing injury. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), runs anteriorly,
medially and distally from the femur to the tibia. The ACL works primarily to restrain anterior
translation of the tibia on the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), runs posteriorly,
laterally, and distally from the femur to the tibia. The PCL works primarily to restrain posterior
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 15
translation of the tibia on the femur. Also inside the knee capsule, two menisci are present to aid
as shock absorbers for the femur when in a closed packet position. These menisci are located
superior to the tibial plateaus, with the lateral menisci being attached to the plateau itself. The
medial menisci has no attachment site, it simply occupies a space inside the knee capsule.
The muscles of the knee work to flex or extend the leg about the knee joint in the sagittal
plane. The knee joint allows for 2 degrees of freedom; flexion/extension, and internal/external
rotation. The muscles that work to extend the knee while in an open packet position are, in no
particular order, as follows: Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus
Intermedius, Iliotibial band. The Vastus Medialis is an important muscle when discussing the
anatomy of the knee as it is responsible for the tracking motion of the patella- essentially moving
the patella as the knee extends or flexes. The Iliotibial band is important in the screw home
mechanism of the knee, in this mechanism, the tibia and femur will rotate to complete extension,
depending on whether the individual is weight bearing or not. When the individual is non-
weight bear, the tibia internally rotates. When the individual is weight bear, the femur externally
rotates. The Iliotibial band is the muscle that is responsible for the tibial rotation when the
individual is non-weight bear. The knee is capable of extension to 0°. The primary muscle that
work to flex the knee while in an open packet position are, in no particular order: Biceps
Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus. The range of motion for flexion of the knee joint
is 0-140° (Magee, 2008).
There are a few common injuries to the knee joint, but none more common than an
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear. An ACL tear occurs when an individual’s tibia is
translated forward of the femur at a force that is greater than the ACL’s holding capacity. These
injuries require surgical intervention and quite often are devastating to an individual’s sporting
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 16
career. While it is possible to come back from an ACL tear, it requires months of rigorous
rehabilitation and the likelihood of re-tearing the same ACL is higher, as the structural integrity
of the ligament has been compromised. Common ways to surgically repair the ACL are
replacement. This replacement tendon can either come from the patella tendon (either on the
same knee that has the tear, or the opposing), through a cadaver tendon, or from the extension of
the hamstrings muscle tendon. Rehabilitation of an ACL tear has improved with advances in
medical technology, however, still stands at around 6-9 months before return to play criteria is
met. Along with ACL tears, the following tears are likely connective tissue tears that the knee
joint is capable of sustaining: meniscal tears, collateral ligament tears, and posterior cruciate
ligament tears. Muscle tears to the surrounding musculature are also common, however, these
are commonly able to be resolved in a matter of weeks and do not often require and surgical
procedure.
When looking at the goalkeepers side volley punt, the knee joint is also a critical
component. The knee joint provides the ‘snapping’ motion of the lower leg after rotation of the
hips and prior to contact with the ball. This is done through rapid concentric contractions of the
knee extensors, resulting in a quick movement through the available range of motion that has
been provided. This range of motion is from flexion through to full extension. The power of the
kick essentially comes from the speed at which the lower leg ‘snaps’ to extension. This speed is
determined by the speed of concentric contraction of the knee extensors and ease of joint
movement in the knee. The knee also provides the stopping motion of the planting left leg.
Through eccentric contractions of the hamstrings muscle group, the left leg is able to stop all
linear motion of the body so to allow the right leg to move through the available rotational range
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 17
of motion about the hip joint before the snapping motion of the lower leg making contact with
the ball.
The Talocrural joint, more commonly known as ankle joint is made up of three bones: the
tibia, fibula and talus. The distal tibia and fibula are known as the medial and lateral malleolus
respectively. The Talocrural joint is classified as a uniaxial hinge joint, and allows for 3 degrees
of freedom of movement; dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, inversion/eversion, and
pronation/supination. The talus is the second largest bone in the foot, behind the calcaneus. It is
surrounded by the tibia and fibula superiorly, the malleoli medially and laterally, and calcaneus
inferiorly. The superior surface of the talus is known as the trochlea. According to Louden et.
Al. “the trochlea is wedge shaped and 4.2mm broader in the front than behind” (Louden et. Al.
pg. 306). The calcaneus articulates with three primary facets on the talus, medial, anterior, and
posterior. The posterior facet is the largest, and the concavity of it allows for articulation with
the facet on the upper surface of the calcaneus. The anterior facet is small in size and the most
distal when comparing the three. The middle facet articulates with the calcaneus through the
sustentaculum tali. A depression, known as the sinus tarsi is found on the inferior lateral side of
the talus. This point is an insertion point for rear foot ligaments. Medially, the talus is flat, with
a pear-shaped articular surface for the medial malleolus (Louden et. Al. pg. 306). The talus is
the only bone in the Talocrural joint that has no muscle attachment.
There is two groups of major ligaments on either side of the Talocrural joint. Medially,
the deltoid ligament is responsible for resistance against forces attempting to place the foot in
excessive pronation. The deltoid is made up of three ligaments: the anterior tibiotalar ligament,
tibiocalcaneal ligament, and posterior tibiltalar ligament. On the lateral side, three ligaments
work to hold the ankle against forces attempting the place the foot in excessive supination. The
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 18
three lateral ligaments, from anterior to posterior are: anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular,
posterior talofibular.
The muscles of the ankle joint work to move the joint through the three degrees of
movement: plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, pronation/supination, and inversion/eversion. Most of
the muscles have attachments superior to the joint and insertions inferior to the joint, thus to
create movement in the joint they pass over, or around, the joint. Laterally, the peroneus longus
and brevis run down and hook under the lateral malleolus, attaching in the mid foot. These
muscles work to evert the foot through the range of motion 0-25 degrees (Starkey, et. Al. 2010).
Running anteriorly down the tibia and crossing the joint line is the anterior tibialis muscle, this is
a primary dorsiflexor of the ankle through the range of motion 0-25 degrees (Starkey, et. Al.
2010). The posterior tibialis runs posterior to the medial malleolus, also attaching in the mid
foot. The action of the posterior tibialis is inversion of the foot through the range of motion 0-25
degrees (Starkey, et. Al. 2010). Posteriorly, the Achilles tendon is an extension of the soleus
muscle. Contraction of the soleus causes a pull of the Achilles, resulting in plantar flexion of the
foot. The plantar flexion range of motion is 0-50 degrees (Starkey, et. Al. 2010).
The most common injury seen in athletes regarding the ankle is the lateral ankle sprain.
This is where the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments are
stretch or torn due to forces greater than their holding capacity. The rehabilitation and return to
play timelines of lateral ankle sprains are variable, depending on the severity of the injury. The
worst case scenario, a complete tear of the ligaments, could require surgical intervention and
probably season ending. Simple to moderate ankle sprains require between 2 and 6 weeks of
rehabilitation. Although a lateral ankle sprain is the most common, it is also possible for an
athlete to receive a medial ankle sprain, whereby the medial ligaments, known collectively as the
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 19
deltoid ligament, are stretched or torn due to excessive force placed on them. A third kind of
ankle sprain, although not physiologically classed as a sprain, is a “high” ankle sprain. This is
where the tibia and fibula separate slightly from each other, resulting in a small tear to the
connective tissue sheath that connects the two bones together. Furthermore, ankle dislocations
are likely injuries to be sustained, a dislocation would be the result of a great amount of force
placed on the ankle, and tearing of the ligaments is more than likely to occur simultaneously with
the dislocation.
When relating back to the goalkeepers side volley punt, the ankle is important due to the
position it must be in for an effective kick to occur. The ankle must be in a locked plantar flexed
position. This is due to the need for the foot to be strong and steady when making contact with
the ball. To be this way, the muscles acting upon the Talocrural joint must be contracting in such
a way that no movement is able to occur. When the foot hits the ball, the foot must be locked
enough that the ball cannot affect how the foot is positioned, otherwise the kick will not be
anywhere near as powerful as it should be. On the planting leg, the ankle must be strong enough
to take the body’s weight as the body is transferring weight from the back leg which is pushing
the body laterally to the planting leg, stopping the body from moving forward any more. The
force the body places through that planting leg and thus through the ankle is greater than the
body’s weight itself. So the planting leg ankle must be strong enough to take this force.
Thus, by analyzing the knee and ankle joints respectively, one is able to see how critical
of a role each plays in the goalkeepers side volley punt. The knee provides the “whip” action of
the lower leg through the extensor mechanism- the quadriceps concentrically contracting and
causing a pull on the patella tendon, resulting in extension of the lower leg. The contraction of
the muscles about the ankle provides the stability the joint needs to perform a successful kick.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 20
Without the stability provided through muscular contractions, the ankle would “flop” when
connecting with the ball, causing the kick to be less effective than the goalkeeper desires.
Mechanical Analysis
Description of Motion.
The term motion is described as the act or process of changing place or position with
respect to a specific reference point. It can be caused by a force. Examples of different kinds of
motion are a passenger in a jet plane taking off: the passenger is not moving personally, however
he or she is a part of a greater body that is moving past the houses that are outside (he or she is
changing place with respect to the house), therefore the person is moving. Another example is a
runner; when a person runs through the park, he or she is moving past trees in the park (changing
place with respect to the trees in the park), thus he or she is described as being in motion
(Louden et. Al. 2013).
Linear or translational (a.k.a. translatory) motion occurs when an object is transferred
from one place to another either in a straight line or curved line. The most common type of
linear motion happens when a whole body moves from one place to another. An example of this
when the athlete in figure 1 moves from photo (a) to photo (d), the entire body as a whole has
moved from the starting point to the planting point.
Angular or rotary motion occurs when an object acting as a radius moves about a fixed
point. Angular motion is most commonly found in the joints of a body. The joint will be the
axis of rotation, and the two (or more) bones comprising the joint will be the levers at which are
being moved about the axis. In figure 1, each of the athletes major joints go through rotary
motion between each of the phases. Any increase or decrease in joint range of motion angle can
be described as an increase or decrease through rotary motion about that joint. The joint that this
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 21
paper will be working around is the hip joint: formed by the convex femoral head articulating
with the concave acetabulum.
General motion is a combination of linear and angular motion as in walking, running,
throwing, kicking, etc. In this research, the whole action of kicking a ball, from figure 1(a)
through to Figure 1(f) can be classed as a general motion.
Other forms of motion are circular motion, and reciprocating. Circular motion regards a
motion that has an aspect of a 360° turn in it. The easiest way to identify a reciprocating motion
is a motion resembling a child swinging on a swing. These two kinds of motion are not
represented in the goalkeepers side volley punt.
Linear Kinematics.
Kinematics is classed as a branch of mechanics that describes motion. It specifically
involves distance, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Kinematic movement can also be
described in two dimensions as planar motion or in three dimensions as spatial motion. The
major difference between planar and spatial motion is that spatial has a magnitude as well as a
direction, planar simply has a magnitude.
Distance is the actual line of path of the body travelled. The unit of distance travels the
same path as the body. Distance is measured in meters (m). In the case of the athlete in Figure
1, distance could be calculated on the ball coming off the foot, or Figure 1(a) to Figure 1(d); the
distance between the starting point and the end point of the left foot. It should be noted that the
left foot takes a movement backwards when compared to the body (Figure 1(b)) before driving
laterally, the distance calculation will be the summation of both the backwards step and lateral
drive. There is no directional component involved in distance, thus it is a scalar quantity.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 22
Displacement (s) is referred to as the distance travelled from point of origin to point of
culmination. Unlike distance, it is a straight line between the two points. There is a direction
involved in displacement, so it is referred to as a vector quantity. To calculate displacement,
measure the distance from the start point to the end point. The units of meters (m) are commonly
used. In the athlete in figure 1, taking the same movement of the left foot as described in the
distance calculation, the displacement of the left foot will be the straight line between Figure 1(a)
and Figure 1(d).
Velocity (v) is the rate of change of an object in a given direction. As there is a
directional component involved, velocity is described as a vector quantity. Velocity is calculated
with the equation: 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑣) = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑠)
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑡). The unit for velocity is meters per second
(m/s or ms-1). In Figure 1, the velocity of the drive of the left foot can be calculated. By taking
the displacement between Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(d), and dividing the result by the time it has
taken. It is important to note that velocity is not the same as speed. Speed is calculated by
distance over time, however, does not have a given direction.
Acceleration (a) is classed as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time (Louden
et. Al. 2013). Acceleration is calculated by taking velocity and dividing it by time again. As
velocity is a unit with a vector quantity, acceleration also has a vector quantity. The
mathematical formula for acceleration is as follows: 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎) =
[𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦−𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑣𝑓 −𝑣𝑖)]
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑡). The unit of velocity is meters per second squared, or ms-2.
Acceleration can either be positive or negative. Negative acceleration is more commonly termed
deceleration. Once the velocity of the athlete in Figure 1 is determined, it is possible to
determine the acceleration of the body by dividing the velocity by time again. The resultant
would be acceleration between Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(d).
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 23
Rotary or Angular Kinematics.
Angular kinematics is another form of kinematics that concerns movement about a
certain point. Like linear kinematics, angular kinematics has values of distance, displacement,
velocity, and acceleration. Angular kinematics is commonly used when looking at the distance
travelled about a joint in the body. This paper will analyze the angular kinematics about the hip
joint and discuss how they affect the speed of the ball coming off the foot.
Angular distance (d) is the total distance travelled between the beginning and end of the
movement. It is commonly a curved line between the starting point and the ending point. As
there is no direction involved in distance, it is classed as a scalar quantity. Angular distance is
measured by the formula 𝑑 = 𝑟 × 𝜃, where r represents the radius from the center point, and θ
represents the radians in which the body has travelled about the center point. Angular distance is
measured in meters.
Angular displacement (θ) is the angle through which a point has been rotated about a
specific axis in a specific direction. As there is a directional component involved, angular
displacement is classed as a vector quantity. Angular displacement is measured in degrees,
revolutions or radians. In the athlete from Figure 1: the angular displacement about the right hip
will be measured. For a reference point, a straight line backwards from the athlete will be 0°.
The athlete begins the swing at an angle of -20° and proceeds to move through his swing until
contact is made at 90°. The total distance moved through the athletes range of motion will be
90° − (−20°) = 110°, or 1.919 radian (refer to appendix C for full equation).
Once angular displacement has been calculated, angular velocity (ω) is able to be
calculated. Angular velocity is equal to the angle travelled divided by time, calculated by the
formula 𝜔 =𝜃
𝑡 where θ represents angular displacement in either degrees, radians or revolutions,
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 24
and t represents time in seconds. The unit of measurement for angular velocity is therefore either
degrees/second, radians/second or revolutions/second. As the calculation involves an aspect of
direction (displacement), angular velocity is also classed as a vector quantity. It should be noted,
angular speed is different to angular velocity as angular speed is simply the time taken to travel
the certain angle, and there is no involvement of direction. In the athlete from Figure 1: the
movement from Figure 1(d) to Figure 1(e) is a movement through 3 frames in real time.
Considering the camera shoots at 8 frames/second. It can be calculated that the athlete
completed the movement in 3/8 frames = 0.375seconds. From Appendix C, the angular velocity
has been calculated as 293.333 degrees/second or 5.1192 radians/second.
Angular acceleration (α) is the final calculation that can be expressed through kinematics.
To determine angular acceleration, the equation 𝛼 =(𝜔𝑓−𝜔𝑖)
𝑡 is used. In this equation, ωf is final
velocity (in degrees/second, radians/s or revolutions/s), ωi is initial velocity (in deg/s, rad/s or
rev/s), and t is time (in seconds). As velocity is a vector quantity describing movement in a
direction over time, the unit of acceleration is also a vector quantity. From Appendix C. the
angular acceleration is 782.222 degrees/second/second or 13.6513 radians/second/second.
Kinetics.
Kinetics is used to describe motion in terms of forces. Newton’s three laws of motion
form the basis of kinetics. Newton’s three laws of motion essentially work to produce or change
motion.
Newton’s First Law of Motion: Law of Inertia. This law states that a body at rest will
remain at rest (or a body in motion will move in a straight line with constant velocity) unless
acted upon by a resultant force (Louden et. Al. 2013). This applies back to the athlete as the
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 25
body of the ball will remain in motion of dropping (Following Figure 1(b)) unless acted upon by
the external force of the swinging leg.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration. This law states that a body
subjected to a resultant force will accelerate in the direction of that force, and that the
acceleration will be proportionate to the magnitude of the force (Louden et. Al. 2013). This law
is critical to the goalkeepers side volley punt as the by applying this law, the relationship
between the angle and acceleration of the leg (which denotes foot acceleration). A change in the
speed of the leg when connecting with the ball will change the acceleration at which the ball
travels. The greater the acceleration of the leg, the greater the acceleration of the ball off the foot
and the further the ball will travel.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction. This rule states that for every
action there is an equal and opposite reaction (Louden et. Al. 2013). This rule is essential in the
planting leg of the side volley punt as it explains why the plant leg is able to remain holding the
body. The force that the body is exerting into the ground through the planting leg must be equal
or less than the force that the ground is placing back up to the body, otherwise the body will fall
through the ground.
The combination of these forces will work together to push the object of the ball through
mechanical contact to alter the direction in which the ball is travelling. Initially, the ball is
travelling in a downwards motion due to the effect of gravity, the leg moves through available
range of motion to come in contact with the ball. This changes the direction of the ball into the
same direction at which the leg was travelling.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 26
The Force of Gravity.
The force of gravity is a force that causes a uniform acceleration of 9.8 m/sec2 . This
force is always applied in a downward manner and is applied to the center of gravity of the
object. This force relates back to the goalkeepers side volley punt as when the ball is dropping, it
is dropping at an acceleration of 9.8m/sec2 until connection with the foot occurs. Following this
connection, the ball will travel throughout a linear path at a speed denoted by the acceleration off
the foot. The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) standards state that a size
five soccer ball must weigh between 420 and 445 grams. Let us assume the ball weighs 433g
(average weight), there will be the force of gravity acting on the ball at 9.8m/sec2 however, the
muscular force that the ball has been subjected to is greater than the force of gravity. When the
ball’s flight path hits its apex, the ball is being subjected to 9.8m/s2 of gravitational force in a
downward direction until it is culminated and hits the playing turf.
Muscular Force.
Muscular force magnitude is dependent on the number and size of fibers recruited. If the
force is coming from a muscle that has a higher number and bigger size of muscular fibers, the
force generated will be larger than if the force is coming from a muscle with a smaller size and
lesser number muscular fibers. As the primary mover of the leg in this athletes skill is the
quadriceps femoris (a large muscle group), it is assumed that the force created will be large.
Muscular force is applied at the distal attachment. The distal attachment of the
quadriceps femoris muscle group is the tibial tuberosity, so thus the force will be applied in the
direction of the tibial tuberosity- in the direction down the leg.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 27
Levers.
Levers are rigid bars that can rotate about a fixed point to overcome a resistance when a
force is applied. Levers are classified into three different classes: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. Levers are
made up of three components. The axis or fulcrum is the point at which the lever rests or pivots.
The effort force application is the point at which the muscular force is exerting on the lever. The
resistance force application is the point at which the lever is undergoing resistance. The
arrangement of these three components determines the class of lever.
In the critical phase, Figure 1(e), there is one main lever being used through the knee to
create a mechanical advantage over the ball. The fulcrum is located at the tibiofemoral joint
(commonly termed knee). The resistance is being placed through the foot in the form of the ball.
There is a muscular force being used through the quadriceps to extend the lower leg at the knee,
this extension of the lower leg will create the power to propel the ball off the foot and down the
field.
Torque.
Torque is the amount of force acting on an object causing a rotation about a fixed point.
It is calculated as the product of the magnitude of the force and perpendicular distance from the
force to the axis of rotation. The summation of torque can result in either rotational motion,
linear motion, or no motion. If rotational motion occurs, it can be either classed as negative
torque (clockwise motion), or positive torque (clockwise motion). If the summation of more
than one torque acting on the same point equals zero, they will cancel out and no motion will
occur. When there is a difference in the summation of the torques, rotation about the point will
occur in the magnitude and direction of the larger torque. When analyzing the goalkeeper’s side
volley punt, the torque about the knee joint and ankle joint are useful to calculate, as from torque,
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 28
work and power that the knee and ankle are doing are also calculations able to be summated.
According to Appendix C, the torque at the right knee during the kick is -228.547 Newton
Meters (Nm). The work the right knee is doing is calculated at -79.772 Joules (J). And the
power that the right knee is outputting is 18231.7 Joules per second (J/s). Also, according to
Appendix C, the torque at the right ankle during the kick is -47.0843 Nm. The work the right
ankle is doing is calculated to -57.5201 J, and the power the right ankle is outputting is 2708.30
J/s. This is useful as from these calculations, a base standard can be used to assess the
goalkeeper. If the goalkeeper is able to remain fairly constant with these units, increasing the
speed of the kicking leg can be accurately measured to determine whether or not it does truly
increase the velocity of the ball, or if the velocity of the ball increases due to an increase of
power through the kicking leg.
Center of Gravity, Mobility, and Stability.
The center of gravity of an object is the point at which all of the forces acting upon the
object are equal to zero. The location of this point is dependent on the shape of the body and the
segments which make up the body. The weight of an object acts directly through the center of
gravity (COG). The COG of the athlete in the critical phase of the movement (Figure 1(e)) is
shown in Figure 2: Center of Gravity and Torque for the Side Volley Punt. As the weight acts
through it, mobility and stability of the object is dependent upon COG. To obtain greater
stability, COG must be lowered (move the body closer to the ground), base of support must be
widened to an appropriate distance (place feet approximately shoulder width apart), as widening
the support too far will cause the body to lose stability rather than gain it. Finally, the line of
gravity (line acting straight down through the center of gravity) must be placed over the base of
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 29
support in a position allowing the greatest range of motion within the base in the direction of the
force. As the mobility of an object increases, the stability decreases, and vice versa.
Figure 2. Center of Gravity and Torque for the Connection Phase of the Side Volley Punt.
Figure 2. The center of gravity and torque of the contact phase in the side volley punt motion which is the fifth of
the six sequential phases of the goalkeeper’s side volley punt and is the critical phase identified for this analysis.
Discussion
Motor Skill Program
The results of the mechanical and anatomical analysis show that to increase the speed at
which the ball takes off from the foot, one way could be to increase the speed at which the foot is
travelling. To do this, a motor skill program can be put together to work on increasing the speed
of the foot. The athlete already has a generalized motor program (GMP) for the goalkeeper’s
punt, as he has already previously demonstrated the classic punting action. However, through
the use of motor learning techniques, the athlete may be able to make subtle changes to his action
that will improve performance.
By increasing his proprioception, the athlete will be able to understand how his body is moving
in relation to his environment. One way to increase proprioception is through the use of yoga.
Another way the athlete can increase his performance is by increasing his reaction time. By
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 30
increasing his reaction time, the athlete will increase the movement time. One benefit of
increasing his reaction time is being able to detect the ball is dropped too low or high. By being
able to detect this early, the athlete will be able to program his response movement early and
make the necessary changes to maintain clean contact with the correct speed of the foot.
Another way to increase the speed of the foot is to decrease the possible stimulus
response (S-R) alternatives. Hicks Law states that “the relationship between choice reaction time
and the number of S-R alternatives is linear” (Schmidt & Lee, 2013). Examples of S-R
alternatives for the side volley is whether the goalkeeper choses to play the ball flat, bell curved,
or not play the side volley at all. If the goalkeeper can chose one response, the reaction time will
be faster than if all three responses are available.
Furthermore, by using video analysis, the goalkeeper will be able to receive augmented
feedback on the side volley. Through the use of slow motion video footage during sessions, the
goalkeeper will be able to see the changes he needs to make to enhance the performance. An
example of how augmented feedback may be used is through the use of summary feedback.
With summary feedback, the athlete completes a set number of trials (side volleys), and
following the trials, the movement practitioner gives a summary of how each trial went. This
encourages the athlete to think about how the trial was different from what is regarded as a
perfect trial, promoting self-analysis and creating an opportunity to increase performance.
A final way to improve performance of the side volley punt is through the use of
similarity of training. By using a different sized ball, say a tennis ball, the goalkeeper will be
required to focus on a much smaller area of contact to achieve maximal results. When
transferred to the larger soccer ball, the goalkeeper will be able to use the same small target area
for contact to achieve a much more specific point on the ball. The specific point can be chosen
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 31
through the use of the slow motion video, analyzing which side volley contact point produced the
greatest result.
Learning Experience Preparation
As discussed earlier in the works, the goalkeeper’s side volley punt is a discrete skill, on
the open-closed continuum, it is open. On Bompa’s skill classification triangle, the skill lies
heavily on the force corner. The level of the athlete is an international representative who has
come to America to finish his education under scholarship. The setting that the athlete is being
instructed in is a 1 on 1 individual coaching on the turf field. There is a slow motion video
analysis available. The goals that the athlete has set for himself are as follows: by week 4 have
6/8 side volleys score into the goal on the sideline and by week 6 have 8/10 volley attempts score
into the goal on the sideline. The target skill is a goalkeeper’s side volley punt. Target behavior
is the ability to perform it repeatedly in a target context of a game like situation. The motor
elements involved in the skill is the physical action of the side volley, and perceptual elements is
the kinesthetic aspects of the volley. The outcome measure of this skill will be to score the goal
8/10 trials by the post training testing. This process will be measured at the 4 week mark, with
the goal to score 6/8 trial attempts. All of this information is represented in Appendix D:
Learning Experience Preparation.
Instructional Materials
Appendix E presents a year long, week by week, day by day, periodization for the college
soccer season. It is seen that the college soccer calendar year consists of essentially two seasons,
with one being a lengthy, intense main season and the other a shorter, less intense spring season.
Included in this periodization is the cycle, stage, goal, week, intensity, and Monday through
Sunday outline of what the team will be doing. The cycles are spring season mesocycle, summer
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 32
mesocycle, preseason, competition season, and post season. Preseason is broken into early, mid,
and late stages, each of these having different goals and increasing in intensity. The competition
cycle is broken into early season, midseason and late season. To avoid fatigue, the intensity
begins high at the start of season, however, by midseason tapers off as the team reaches the late
season and post season. Post season is made up from the GLVC tournament and the NCAA
championship. The intensity of the post season is enough to remain in competition fitness,
however, is nowhere near as intense as the regular season intensity.
Appendix F shows a plan for the season. It can be seen that the amount of time spent at
training begins large with the majority of preseason being 2 two hour sessions, five days a week.
By the end of season, the sessions are shorter, and no longer every weekday. This allows the
players adequate time to recover as the long season begins to take an impact on their bodies.
Appendix G represents a phase installation plan for preseason. When observing the plan,
it can be seen how there is a “shock week” where the athletes are involved in two grueling
trainings per day, with two games in the one week as well as a fitness test. This is to show the
team how intense the season will be and give them a sense of what their bodies will be feeling as
they are asked to play two games a week for the next 8 weeks. It is also important to note that
the preseason consists of three team building days. Strong connections off the field result in
stronger connections on the field and thus team building should be an integral part of any team.
Appendix H presents an example of a practice plan for the team’s goalkeeper. The
goalkeeper begins by warming up with the team and completing the passing patterns. Following
the general footwork, he splits to work with the goalkeeper coach. The emphasis of this specific
session is short distance distribution. The modern goalkeepers distribution is as vital as their
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 33
ability to stop the ball from going into the net, so thus there should be sessions throughout the
season that emphasize good distribution techniques.
Finally, Appendix I discusses Professional Association/Organization Presentation
Outline/Notes that would be presented at a national coaching conference or a meeting of the like.
In this appendix, the different aspects of starting a counterattack from a defensive corner are
presented. It is shown that there are many different aspects that the goalkeeper must take into
account when choosing which type of distribution to use.
Conclusion
On paper, anything is possible. However, translating what is written on paper to an actual
task is what separates a good movement practitioner from a great one. Through the various use
of the techniques available, the practitioner should create a training program that best caters to
the needs of the athlete with maximal certainty of results. By the end of the training program,
the athlete should be able to see the results of the combined efforts of both themselves and their
practitioner. The works presented through this paper give an example as to how a goalkeeper’s
side volley punt can be analyzed and critiqued through various methods to produce maximal
certainty of success when performing the kick. This is an example of best practice, as the
development of such a program was extensive and can positively benefit the athlete and his
game.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 34
References
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http://www.udel.edu/PT/clinic/journalclub/old/sojournalclub/02_03/may03/fleisig.pdf
Linthorne, N. P., & Patel, D. S. (2011). Optimum projection angle for attaining maximum
distance in a soccer punt kick. Journal Of Sports Science & Medicine, 10(1), 203-214
Linthorne, N. P., & Stokes, T. G. (2014). Optimum Projection Angle for Attaining Maximum
Distance in a Rugby Place Kick. Journal Of Sports Science & Medicine, 13(1), 211-216.
Loudon, J.K., Manske, R.C., & Reiman, M.P. (2013). Clinical Mechanics and Kinesiology.
Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Magee, D. (2008). Orthopedic physical assessment (5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders Elsevier.
Schmidt, R.A., & Wrisberg, C.A. (2008). Motor Learning and Performance: A Situation-Based
Learning Approach (4th ed). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Schmidt, R. & Lee, T. (n.d.) Motor learning and performance: From principles to application
(Fifth ed.).
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SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 35
Appendix A
Anatomical Analysis of Goalkeeper’s Side Volley Punt
Sport: Soccer
Skill: Goalkeepers Side Volley
Critical Phase: Speed of the swing of the kicking leg
Joint Joint
Motion
Segment
Moved
Plane and Axis Force
Producing
Motion
Contraction
Type
Prime Movers
Ankle
R:
Plantarflexion L:
Dorsiflexion
Foot Sagittal Plane,
Bilateral Axis
Muscular Concentric R: Gastrocnemius,
Soleus L: Anterior Tibialis
Knee
R: Extension L: Flexion
Lower Leg
Sagittal Plane, Bilateral Axis
R: Muscular L: Gravity
R: Concentric L: Eccentric
R: Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis,
Vastus Intermedius,
Vastus Lateralis
Iliotibial Band
L: Biceps Femoris, Semimembranous,
Semitendinosus,
Gluteus Maximus
Hip
Flexion Femur Sagittal Plane,
Bilateral Axis
Muscular Concentric
Iliacus, Psoas Major,
Psoas Minor, Rectus
Femoris, Sartorius,
Tensor Fascia Latae
Torso/Trunk:
Lumbar
Side Flexion Lumbar
Spine
Frontal Plane,
Anterior/Posterior
Axis
Muscular Concentric Erector Spinae,
External Oblique,
Internal Oblique,
Rectus Abdominus
Torso/Trunk:
Thoracic
Side Flexion Thoracic
Spine
Frontal Plane,
Anterior/Posterior
Axis
Muscular Concentric External Oblique,
Internal Oblique,
Rectus Abdominus
Neck:
Cervical
Side flexion Head Frontal Plane,
Anterior/Posterior
Axis
Muscular Concentric Sternocleidomastoid,
Scalenes, Upper
Trapezius
Scapula
Protraction Scapula Transverse Plane,
Rotational Axis
Muscular Concentric Serratus Anterior,
Pectoralis Major,
Pectoralis Minor
Shoulder
R: Internal
Rotation
L: Horizontal
Adduction
Humerus R: Transverse
Plane, Rotational
Axis
L: Transverse
Plane, Rotational Axis
Muscular Concentric R: Latissimus Dorsi,
Pectoralis Major,
Subscapularis, Teres
Major
L: Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis,
Subscapularis,
Latissimus Dorsi,
Teres Major,
Elbow
R: Flexion
L: Extension
Forearm Sagittal Plane,
Bilateral Axis
Muscular Concentric R: Biceps Brachii,
Brachialis,
Brachioradialis
L: Triceps Brachii, Anconeus
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 36
Wrist
R: Flexion L: Extension
Hand Sagittal, Bilateral Axis
R: Muscular L: Gravity
R: Concentric L: Eccentric
R: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi
Radialis, Flexor
Digitorum
Profundus, Flexor
Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor
Pollicis Longus
L: Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus,
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis,
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris, Extensor
Digitorum, Extensor
Pollicis Longus, Extensor Digiti
Minimi, Extensor
Indicis
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 37
Appendix B
Center of Gravity Table
Body Segment Proportion of Body
Weight X Value X Products Y Value Y Products
Trunk 0.486 4.9 2.3814 9.2 4.4712
Head & Neck 0.079 5.5 0.4345 11.8 0.9322
R. Thigh 0.097 3.5 0.3395 8 0.776
R. Lower Leg 0.045 3.6 0.162 6.4 0.288
R. Foot 0.014 4.3 0.0602 5.2 0.0728
L. Thigh 0.097 5.6 0.5432 6.7 0.6499
L. Lower Leg 0.045 4.8 0.216 4.1 0.1845
L. Foot 0.014 4.5 0.063 2.1 0.0294
R. Upper Arm 0.027 3.5 0.0945 10.1 0.2727
R. Lower Arm 0.014 2.8 0.0392 8.7 0.1218
R. Hand 0.006 2.5 0.015 7.5 0.045
L. Upper Arm 0.027 6.8 0.1836 9.8 0.2646
L. Lower Arm 0.014 8.5 0.119 8.8 0.1232
L. Hand 0.006 10 0.06 8.5 0.051
x-y Resultants (product total) = Center of Gravity: x Coordinate
= 4.7111 y Coordinate
= 8.2823
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 38
Appendix C
Calculations
Angular Displacement of the Right Knee
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
= (180°) − (160°)
= 20° 𝑜𝑟 0.3490401396𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
Angular Velocity of the Right Knee
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝜃
𝑡
=20°
0.3125𝑠 = 64𝑑𝑒𝑔/ sec 𝑜𝑟 1.116928447𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Angular Acceleration of the Right Knee
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =(𝜔(𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙) − 𝜔(𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙))
𝑡
=(−160 − 64)°
0.5𝑠 = −456𝑑𝑒𝑔/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝑜𝑟 − 7.818499128𝑟𝑎𝑑/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐2
Moment of Inertia of the Right Knee
𝐼 = (47.920692968𝑁) × (0.61𝑚)
= 29.23162271𝑁𝑚
Torque at the Right Knee
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝐼 × 𝛼
= (29.23162271𝑁𝑚) × (−7.818499128𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑠𝑒𝑐2)
= −228.5474167 𝑁𝑚
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 39
Work Output of the Right Knee
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 × 𝜃
= (−228.5474167 𝑁𝑚) × (0.3490401396𝑟𝑎𝑑)
= −79.77222222𝐽
Power of the Right Knee
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 × 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
= (−228.5474167𝑁𝑚) × (−79.77222222𝐽)
= 18231.73531 𝐽/𝑠
Angular Displacement of the Right Foot
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
= 170° − 100° = 70°
Angular Velocity of the Right Foot
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝜃
𝑡
=70°
0.3125𝑠= 224𝑑𝑒𝑔/ sec 𝑂𝑅 3.909249564𝑟𝑎𝑑/ sec
Angular Acceleration of the Right Foot
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =(𝜔(𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙) − 𝜔(𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙))
𝑡
=(−426.6666667 − 224)𝑑𝑒𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
0.5𝑠𝑒𝑐= −1301.333333𝑑𝑒𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑜𝑟 − 22.71087842𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐2
Moment of Inertia of the Right Foot
𝑰 = (𝟏𝟏.𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟐𝑵) × (𝟎.𝟏𝟖𝒎)
= 2.073208454𝑁𝑚
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 40
Torque at the Right Foot
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝐼 × 𝛼
= (2.07320845𝑁𝑚) × (−22.71087842 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐2)
= −47.08438514𝑁𝑚
Work Output by the Right Foot
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 × 𝜃
= (−47.08438514𝑁𝑚) × (1.221640489𝑟𝑎𝑑)
= −57.52019127𝐽
Power of the Right Foot
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 × 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
= (−47.08438514𝑁𝑚) × (−57.52019127𝐽)
= 2708.302839 𝐽/𝑠𝑒𝑐
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 41
Appendix D
Learning Experience Preparation
Sport: Soccer
Skill: Goalkeepers Side Volley
Skill Classification:
Skill Classified by Task Organization (columns)
Discrete Skill Serial Skill Continuous Skill X
Skill Classified by Motor and Cognitive Elements (continuum)
Motor Skills Cognitive Skills X
Skill Classified by Level of Environmental Predictability (continuum)
Closed Skills Open Skills
X
Sport Specific Combination of Strength/Force, Speed, and Endurance
Level:
International age group college athlete
Instructional Setting:
Individual 1 on 1 coaching- on the field
Use of slow motion video analysis available
Goal Setting:
By week 4 have 6/8 side volleys reach the goal on the sideline
By week 6 have 8/10 side volleys reach the goal on the sideline
Target Skill, Target Behavior, & Target Context:
Skill: Goalkeepers Side Volley Punt
Behavior: Ability to perform repeatedly
Context: Game-like situation
Motor Elements & Perceptual Elements:
Motor: Action of the side volley
Perceptual: Kinesthetic aspects of the volley
X
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 42
Outcome & Process Measures:
Outcome: Hit the small goal 8/10 times by the end of the training program
Process: By the 4th week be able to hit 6/8 of the small goals
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 44
Appendix E
Year-Long Periodization Schedule
CYCLE STAGE GO AL WEEK INTENSITY Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
1/6-1/12
Maintenance 1/13-1/19 4 OL OL
Maintenance 1/20-1/26 5 OL OL OL
Maintenance 1/27-2/2 5 OL OL OL
Maintenance 2/3-2/9 5 OL OL OL
Maintenance 2/10-2/16 5 OL OL OL
Maintenance 2/17-2/23 4 OL OL
2/24-3/2
3/3-3/9
Spring Break Enjoy 3/10-3/16 N/A
Spring Season Maintenance Fitness 3/17-3/23 6 T T T
Spring
Season Team Combinations 3/24-3/30 5 T T T G
Spring Season
Spring Season Team Combinations 3/31-4/6 7 T T T T
Mesocycle Spring Season Maintenance Fitness 4/7-4/13 7 T T G T
Spring Season
Different Player Positions 4/14-4/20 7 T T T T G
Spring Season Team Combinations 4/21-4/27 8 T T T TR G
4/28-5/4
5/5-5/11
5/12-5/18
5/19-5/25
5/26-6/1
6/2-6/8
6/9-6/15
Summer Fitness 6/16-6/22 5 SF SF
Summer Fitness 6/23-6/29 5 SF SF
Summer
Fitness 6/30-7/6 5 SF SF SF
Summer Summer Fitness 7/7-7/13 5 SF SF SF
Mesocycle Summer Fitness 7/14-7/20 6 SF SF SF SF
Summer Fitness 7/21-7/27 6 SF SF SF SF
Summer Fitness 7/28-8/3 6 SF SF SF SF SF
Early
Preseason General Fitness 8/4-8/10 6 CP CP CP CP CP
Preseason Mid
Preseason Team Building 8/11-8/17 5
PHYSICAL FT TB TB
Late
Preseason Sport Specific
Fitness 8/18-8/24 8 2T G R/OL FT/T 2T G
Team Specific
Training 8/25-8/31 9 T /O
L T T/OL TB AG
9/1-9/7 9
T/O
L T
TR/
OL G TR 2T
Early Season Start 2-0 9/8-9/14 8 T
T/OL T T/OL G G
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 45
CYCLE STAGE GO AL WEEK INTENSITY Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
9/15-9/21 8 T
T/O
L T T/OL G G
Mid Season 9/22-9/28 8 T T/O
L T T/OL G G
Competition Above .500 Win pct 9/29-10/5 7 T/O
L T T/OL TR G G
Season 10/6-
10/12 8 T T/O
L T T/OL G G
Late Season
10/13-
10/19 7 OL T T/OL T/TR G G
10/20-
10/26 7 OL T T/OL TR G G
Post Season
Win GLVC
Tournament 10/27-11/2 6 T G
GL
VC R
11/3-11/9 7 T T R T GLVC
GLVC R
Tournamen
t 11/10-
11/16 6 T R NCA
A R NCA
A R
Post Season 11/17-
11/23 7 T R NCA
A R NCA
A R
11/24-
11/30 6 R T T T T R
Champions
hip WIN NCAA TITLE 12/1-12/7 7 T R
NCA
A R
NCA
A
Active Rest 12/8-12/14 2
Inactive
Rest 12/15-
12/21 0
Christmas 12/22-
12/28 Xmas
New Years 12/29-1/4
T= Training GLVC= GLVC
Tournament
TR= Travel NCAA= NCAA Tournament R= Recovery OL= Optional Lifting
G= Game TB= Team Building
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 46
Appendix F
Season Schedule
MONTH: AUGUST
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY 1 SATURDAY 2
MONDAY 4 TUESDAY 5 WEDNESDAY 6 THURSDAY 7 FRIDAY 8 SATURDAY 9
Captains Practice
Captains
Practice Captains Practice
Captains
Practice
Captains
Practice
MONDAY 11 TUESDAY 12 WEDNESDAY 13 THURSDAY 14 FRIDAY 15 SATURDAY 16
Physicals- 1.30pm Fitness test 1:
8.00-9.00 Training: 9.00-
11.00 Training: 10.00-
12.30
Meeting 3.00-5.00pm
Training: 3.00-
4.00 Training: 3.00-
11.00
MONDAY 18 TUESDAY 19 WEDNESDAY 20 THURSDAY 21 FRIDAY 22 SATURDAY 23 Tactical session:
9.00-10.00
Vs. Missouri
Baptist
Recovery: 10.00-
11.00
Fitness Test 2:
8.00-9.00
Training: 10.00-
11.00
Vs. Washington
University
St Louis Free Kicks/Corners:
2.00-3.00 Non Players from
game: Training: 3.00-
4.30 Freekicks/Corner
s: 3.00-4.00
Training: 2.00-3.00
MONDAY 25 TUESDAY 26 WEDNESDAY 27 THURSDAY 28 FRIDAY 29 SATURDAY 30 START OF SEMESTER Alumni Game
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 47
MONTH: SEPTEMBER
MONDAY 1 TUESDAY 2 WEDNESDAY 3 THURSDAY 4 FRIDAY 5 SATURDAY 6
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00 Bus Leaves: 8.00am
Vs. St Mary's University
Travel back to McK
Training: 9.00-11.00
(@ Oklahoma
City)
Stretching Session:
9.00pm
Training: 3.00-
5.00
MONDAY 8 TUESDAY 9 WEDNESDAY 10 THURSDAY 11 FRIDAY 12 SATURDAY 13
Training: 12.00-2.00
Training:
12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training:
12.00-2.00 @ Maryville @ UMSL
MONDAY 15 TUESDAY 16 WEDNESDAY 17 THURSDAY 18 FRIDAY 19 SATURDAY 20
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00 Vs. Truman State Vs. Quincy
MONDAY 22 TUESDAY 23 WEDNESDAY 24 THURSDAY 25 FRIDAY 26 SATURDAY 27
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00
Vs. University Indianapolis
Vs. St. Josephs College
MONDAY 29 TUESDAY 30
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 48
MONTH: OCTOBER
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 1 THURSDAY 2 FRIDAY 3 SATURDAY 4
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00 @ Lewis
@ Wisconsin-Parkside
Bus Leaves:
3.00pm
MONDAY 6 TUESDAY 7 WEDNESDAY 8 THURSDAY 9 FRIDAY 10 SATURDAY 11
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00 Vs. Missouri S&T Vs. Drury
MONDAY 13 TUESDAY 14 WEDNESDAY 15 THURSDAY 16 FRIDAY 17 SATURDAY 18
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Training: 12.00-2.00 @ Rockhurst @ William Jewell
Bus Leaves:
3.00
MONDAY 20 TUESDAY 21 WEDNESDAY 22 THURSDAY 23 FRIDAY 24 SATURDAY 25
Training: 12.00-2.00 Training: 12.00-2.00
Bus Leaves: 3.00
@ University Southern Vs. Bellarmine
Indianna
MONDAY 26 TUESDAY 27 WEDNESDAY 28 THURSDAY 29 FRIDAY 30 SATURDAY 31
@ University Illinois GLVC
Springfield
All Sunday’s will be NCAA mandatory rest days
GLVC Championship Games:
Round 1: October 30th
Semifinals: November 7th
Final: November 8th
NCAA Championship Games:
Round 1: November 13th
Final 32: November 15th
Sweet 16: November 20th
Final 8: November 22nd
Semifinals: December 4th
Final: December 6th
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 49
Appendix G
Preseason Phase Installation Plan
MONTH(S): August
MONDAY 11 TUESDAY 12 WEDNESDAY 13 THURSDAY 14 FRIDAY 15 SATURDAY 16
Physicals Fitness Test Team Building Team Building
General Medical
History
5 laps: 7min
30s
Bow ling: Under vs
Upper
Paintball: Same
teams as
SCAT 4 laps: 6 min Classmen vs Coaches yesterday
Height
3 laps: 4min
30s
Weight 2 laps: 3min Team Dinner: Olive Garden
Team Dinner: California Pizza
Blood Pressure 1 lap: 1min 15s Kitchen
Eye Check
Doctor Check Up's
Team Meeting
Season Schedule
Goals
Team Expectations
MONDAY 18 TUESDAY 19 WEDNESDAY 20 THURSDAY 21 FRIDAY 22 SATURDAY 23
Training 1 Game Day Recovery Fitness Test 2 Training 1 Game Day
Physical/Technical
Team Meeting: 10am
Players w ho played 60+ mins: Box-to-Box: Full f ield game
Team Breakfast: 9.00am
Sideline-Sideline 7v7
Team Lunch: 12pm
10min jog, 5v2s, stretching/ice
13s dow n, rest 47s Core exercises
Team Meeting: 10.00am
Core exercises bath Core exercises
Locker Room: 5.45 Locker Room: 1.30pm
Training 2
Kick Off:
7.00pm
Players w ho played
<60mins: Training 2 Training 2 Kick Off: 2.45 Passing patterns
5v2, passing patterns, transition 5v2s 5v2s
Transition 4v4 4v4, core exercises
Passing
patterns 2 Transition 4v4
Full f ield game Sideline-Sideline 7v7 Set pieces
MONDAY 25 TUESDAY 26 WEDNESDAY 27 THURSDAY 28 FRIDAY 29 SATURDAY 30
Team Cut to 16 Training Training Training Team Building Alumni Game Day
5v2s Physical/Technical Full f ield game Minute to w in it Team Breakfast: 9.00am
Day 1 of school
"Barcelona" drill Transition 4v4
Team Meeting: 10.00am
Possession Full f ield game Dinner at the seniors apt
Half f ield game Core exercises Locker Room: 1.30pm
Kick Off: 2.45
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 50
Appendix H
Practice Plan
Date: Emphasis: Upcoming Opponent(s):
9/15/2015 Close range distribution Truman State University (9/19/2015)
Quincy University (9/21/2015)
Time Activity
Activity Set-Up/Organization Notes
2:20pm
2:25pm
2:30pm Dynamic Warm Up With rest of the team. Player led.
2:35pm
2:40pm
2:45pm Stretching With rest of the team. Player led.
2:50pm
2:55pm Generic goalkeeping warm up
Handling, basic footwork
3:00pm
3:05pm Short passing patterns Coach set up cones No further than 10 yard
3:10pm passing
3:15pm Short volleying Same cones as previous drill
Volley should be 5 yard
3:20pm max
3:25pm Rolling to small goals Goals set up prior to practice Gk receives volley,
3:30pm instructed to roll to L or R
3:35pm Passing into goals Same goals as previous
Coach to close gk down
3:40pm as if oncoming player
3:45pm
3:50pm Mid distance chips Receiver set up on football number 35
Gk plays from one side
3:55pm of 18yd box to opp 35
4:00pm Mid distance throws Same set up as last drill Gk instructed to hit
4:05pm receivers L/R foot
4:10pm Shooting Goal in regular field position, shots from coach Start close to gk-
4:15pm increase speed/difficulty
4:20pm
4:25pm 7v7 small sided game Goals centered on the soccer sideline, center in line with Focus on the mid
4:30pm football 25 distance distribution
4:35pm Nothing further than
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 51
4:40pm 15 yards
4:45pm Core Exercises Captain led, entire team core workout
4:50pm
4:55pm Active warm down With rest of team. Player led.
5:00pm
5:05pm Stretching With rest of team. Player led.
5:10pm
5:15pm
5:20pm
5:25pm
5:30pm
5:35pm
5:40pm
5:45pm
5:50pm
5:55pm
6:00pm
6:05pm
6:10pm
6:15pm
6:20pm
6:25pm
6:30pm
Post Practice Announcements
Well done today, your footwork has progressed well since the start of season. Ensure you all go to your classes. You are a student before an athlete. Get a good feed in after this and if you have any issues go and make sure you go and see the trainer before the next practice.
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 52
Drill Description: Drill Description:
Short Passing Patterns
Follow your pass
Rolling/Passing into small goals
GK= Goalkeeper
S= Server
Black Lines= Small goals
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 53
Appendix I
Professional Association/Organization Presentation Outline/Notes
Starting a counter attack from a defensive corner Claiming the ball
Wait to see the flight of the ball- use your reaction time wisely!
Pivot with the hips so they are in line with the direction you’re going
Attack the ball
o Do not run around players, run through them. It is your ball!
Use one leg to jump from, the other to protect yourself
o Protection leg should be in a position that an oncoming attacker will hit the leg before your body
Keep your upper body strong and be prepared to be knocked off balance Looking for your options
As you quickly make your way toward the edge of the 18yd box, scan the field o Look for players free
o Look for spaces on the field free o Look where the opposition are moving toward o Look to see if there are any areas your team outnumbers theirs/they outnumber
you
Decide which outlet you’re going to use
o Should be the outlet that will get the ball up the field the fastest with the greatest certainty of maintaining possession
Utilizing the roll outlet
Used when one of your players is close to you and making a run down the sideline of the
field
Ensure they do not have any players closing them down who will get to the ball before they do (secondary scan)
Roll the ball in front of the player so they can run onto it in their stride Utilizing the throw outlet
Used when one of your players is too far away to roll it, but still close enough to be distributed to from the hands, most commonly around halfway line
Ensure they do not have any players closing them down who will get to the ball before they do (secondary scan)
Throw it flat (ball should not have a bell curve) and either to a space in front of the player so they can run onto it or to the players feet so they can take a touch in the direction they
wish to move Utilizing the side volley punt outlet
Used when a player is so far up the field that they are unable to be distributed to from the
hands
Determine whether the ball should be flat and direct, or high and bell curved
o If the player has space in front of them and the defense is high, aim for a bell curve to get the ball in behind the defense and have the player run onto it
SOCCER GOALKEEPER’S SIDE VOLLEY PUNT ANALYSIS 54
o If the defense is still sitting deep and the player does not have a lot of space, give them a flat and direct ball, aiming for their chest
Organize your own defense
Starting a counter attack isn’t the end of your job!
o You need to make sure your team is not countered on
If a player from your back line is involved in the counter attack, hold one of the players
from higher up on the field (midfielders preferably) in their position until they can be switched again
Return to the formation set prior to the game
Tell the team to push up the field and support your attack that is currently in progress,
monitor the field and ensure you are not susceptible to a counter attack