Scottish Beaver Trial - SEPA Factual Report on Water ......This report is the factual report that...

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Scottish Beaver Trial - SEPA Factual Report on Water Chemistry Sampling

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Executive summary This report summarises the chemistry data produced by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) for Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) as part of the independent monitoring programme for the Scottish Beaver Trial (SBT). The report describes the chemistry reported for each sampled location. This includes ranges for each determinand measured, average values and a full set of time series graphs for all the data that SEPA hold for the sampled locations (2002-2005 and 2009-2014). In addition, statistical analysis of the data to identify outliers, changes in mean values, detection of seasonality and detection of statistically significant trends has been produced for a subset of parameters. As part of SEPA’s statutory duties information is held on known pollution sources and environmental pressures in the area covered by the sampling locations; the information held is summarised in this report.

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Contents

Executive summary i

Contents ii

List of Tables iv

List of Figures v

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Reporting remit and scope 1 1.2 Report structure 1

2. Monitoring locations 3

3. Chemical determinands analysed 4

3.1 pH 4 3.2 Alkalinity as CaCO3 (Alk as CaCO3) 4 3.3 Total Hardness 4 3.4 Electrical conductivity (ElecCond-20 or ElecCond-25) 5 3.5 Ammonia as N 5 3.6 Nitrite as N 5 3.7 Nitrate as N 5 3.8 Total Oxidised Nitrogen as N (TON as N) 5 3.9 Total Phosphorus as P (Tot P as P) 5 3.10 Ortho-Phosphate as P (o-Phos as P) 6 3.11 Chlorophyll-a 6 3.12 Chloride 6 3.13 Total Sodium - Na 6 3.14 Total Potassium - K 6 3.15 Total Calcium – Ca 6 3.16 Total Magnesium - Mg 6 3.17 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC<0.45m) 7 3.18 Total Aluminium - Al 7 3.19 Total Iron – Fe 7 3.20 Total Copper - Cu 7 3.21 Total Manganese - Mn 7 3.22 Other determinands 8

4. SEPA’s laboratory quality procedures 9

5. Data presentation and visualisation 10

6. Summary statistics for water chemistry data 11

6.1 Introduction 11 6.2 Summary statistics for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch 11 6.3 Summary statistics for 132645 Loch Linne 12 6.4 Summary statistics for 132647 Loch Losgunn 12 6.5 Summary statistics for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr 13 6.6 Summary statistics for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan 13 6.7 Summary statistics for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle 14 6.8 Summary statistics for 132850 Loch McKay outflow 14 6.9 Summary statistics for 132851 Lochan Buic outflow 15 6.10 Summary statistics for 132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic 15

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6.11 Summary statistics for 475099 Dubh Loch 16

7. Summary time series graphs for water chemistry data 17

7.1 Introduction 17 7.2 Time series graphs 17

8. Summary data analysis of the water chemistry data 36

8.1 Introduction 36 8.2 Statistical data analysis 36 8.3 Statistical data analysis for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch 38 8.4 Statistical data analysis for 132645 Loch Linne 43 8.5 Statistical data analysis for 132647 Loch Losgunn 48 8.6 Statistical data analysis for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr 53 8.7 Statistical data analysis for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan 58 8.8 Statistical data analysis for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle 63 8.9 Statistical data analysis for 132850 Loch McKay 68 8.10 Statistical data analysis for 132851 Lochan Buic 73 8.11 Statistical data analysis for 132852 Unnamed Loch South of Lochan Buic 78 8.12 Statistical data analysis for 475099 Dubh Loch 83 8.13 Environmental pressures 88

9. Information sources and resources 89

Appendix 1 SEPA reporting remit and scope 90

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List of Tables

Table 1 Details of sampling locations 3 Table 2 Summary statistics for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch 11 Table 3 Summary statistics for 132645 Loch Linne 12 Table 4 Summary statistics for 132647 Loch Losgunn 12 Table 5 Summary statistics for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr 13 Table 6 Summary statistics for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan 13 Table 7 Summary statistics for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle 14 Table 8 Summary statistics for 132850 Loch McKay outflow 14 Table 9 Summary statistics for 132851 Lochan Buic outflow 15 Table 10 Summary statistics for 132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic 15 Table 11 Summary statistics for 475099 Dubh Loch 16 Table 12 Statistical analysis for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch 38 Table 13 Statistical analysis for 132645 Loch Linne 43 Table 14 Statistical analysis for 132647 Loch Losgunn 48 Table 15 Statistical analysis for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr 53 Table 16 Statistical analysis for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan 58 Table 17 Statistical analysis for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle 63 Table 18 Statistical analysis for 132849 Loch McKay 68 Table 19 Statistical analysis for 132851 Lochan Buic 73 Table 20 Statistical analysis for 132852 Unnamed Loch South of Lochan Buic 78 Table 21 Statistical analysis for 475099 Dubh Loch 83

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List of Figures

Figure 1 Sample location map 3 Figure 2 Time series graphs for pH 18 Figure 3 Time series graphs for Alkalinity as CaCO3 19 Figure 4 Time series graphs for Total Hardness as CaCO3 20 Figure 5 Time series graphs for Electrical Conductivity at 20°C 21 Figure 6 Time series graphs for Electrical Conductivity at 25°C 22 Figure 7 Time series graphs for Ammonia as N 23 Figure 8 Time series graphs for Nitrite as N 24 Figure 9 Time series graphs for Nitrate as N 25 Figure 10 Time series graphs for Total Oxidised Nitrogen as N 26 Figure 11 Time series graphs for Total Phosphorus as P 27 Figure 12 Time series graphs for Ortho-Phosphate as P 28 Figure 13 Time series graphs for Chlorophyll-a 29 Figure 14 Time series graphs for Chloride 30 Figure 15 Time series graphs for Total Sodium 31 Figure 16 Time series graphs for Total Potassium 32 Figure 17 Time series graphs for Total Calcium 33 Figure 18 Time series graphs for Total Magnesium 34

Figure 19 Time series graphs for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC<0.45m) 35 Figure 20 Statistical analysis graphs for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch 39 Figure 21 Statistical analysis graphs for 132645 Loch Linne 44 Figure 22 Statistical analysis graphs for 132647 Loch Losgunn 49 Figure 23 Statistical analysis graphs for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr 54 Figure 24 Statistical analysis graphs for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan 59 Figure 25 Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Unnamed by Loch Fidhle 64 Figure 26 Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Loch McKay 69 Figure 27 Statistical analysis graphs for 132851 Lochan Buic 74 Figure 28 Statistical analysis graphs for 132852 Unnamed Loch S of Lochan Buic 79

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1. Introduction The five year Scottish Beaver Trial (SBT) was conducted by the Scottish Wildlife Trust, The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland and host partner Forestry Commission Scotland. An independent monitoring programme was co-ordinated by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) to assess the effect of introducing beavers has on the local environment. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) provided water analysis data to SNH as a part of the independent monitoring programme. As part of the analysis programme SEPA agreed to provide a report that describes the water analysis data collected during the SBT. This report is the factual report that SEPA agreed to produce. The data and factual report has also been used to inform other monitoring undertaken by other parties as part of the SBT.

1.1 Reporting remit and scope SEPA’s remit for the project can be summarised as follows:

1) Analyse water samples collected for a range of chemical determinands at nine sample locations (later expanded to 10) on SEPA’s behalf by non-SEPA staff.

2) Water analysis data was also collected during an earlier phase of water sampling from 2002 to 2005, some four years prior to the start of the SBT. This data is included in the collated data and described in this report.

3) Collate the UKAS accredited data into a suitable electronic form and provide this data to SNH. SNH are responsible for onward distribution of the water analysis data to the other parties involved in the SBT.

4) Provide a final written report on the water chemistry monitoring data. No interpretation of the data in the context of the SBT has been carried out and no conclusions have been drawn as to the outcomes of the SBT. In addition, this report does not draw any conclusions, or contain any recommendations, based on the water analysis data or indeed any other sources of information.

1.2 Report structure The report provides information on the following:

1) Details about the monitoring locations, specifically their NGR grid references and a location map generated from SEPA’s database.

2) Descriptions of each of the determinands reported on. This sets out exactly what each of the determinands measures and describes the units used.

3) Brief details regarding SEPA’s laboratory quality procedures and how the data are accredited to ISO17025 standard.

4) A description of the data reported for each location. This includes ranges for each determinand, average values, standard deviations and time series graphs. The full dataset in spreadsheet form has been provided to SNH in an electronic form. Requests for the data should be directed to SNH.

5) A statistical analysis of the data to identify outliers, changes in mean values, detection of seasonality and detection of statistically significant trends.

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6) A statement of known pollution sources and environmental pressures within the vicinity of the sampling locations and the water bodies they represent.

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2. Monitoring locations Table 1 and Figure 1 both give details of the sample locations. The six-figure location code is a unique SEPA database location identifier.

Table 1 Details of sampling locations

Location Code

SEPA location description National Grid Reference

Latitude Longitude

132643 Creag Mhor Loch, Knapdale Forest NR 803 910 56.0612371 -5.5305508

132645 Loch Linne, Knapdale Forest NR 797 911 56.0618580 -5.5402499

132647 Loch Losgunn, Knapdale Forest NR 791 898 56.0499240 -5.5487945

132648 Loch Coille Bharr, Knapdale Forest NR 781 900 56.0512550 -5.5649832

132649 Loch Barnluasgan, Knapdale Forest NR 793 913 56.0634671 -5.5468261

132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle @ outflow Creag Mhor, Knapdale

NR 801 910 56.0611452 -5.5337564

132850 Loch McKay outflow NR 799 887 56.0404284 -5.5350723

132851 Lochan Buic outflow NR 790 891 56.0436008 -5.5498195

132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic, Knapdale

NR 788 884 56.0372314 -5.5524459

475099 Dubh Loch, Knapdale Forest NR 78414 90059 56.0519338 -5.5599985

Figure 1 Sample location map

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3. Chemical determinands analysed The determinands described below were analysed in some or all of the water samples taken during 2002-2005 (before the SBT) and the SBT period (2009-2014). Not all determinands were analysed throughout the two periods. For the SBT period the following determinands were requested as being required for the monitoring programme: alkalinity, ammonia, chloride, electrical conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, total oxidised nitrogen, total phosphorus, ortho-phosphate, pH, total hardness, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, dissolved organic carbon and chlorophyll. A number of additional determinands (mainly metals) were also analysed simply because the techniques used measure a greater number of determinands simultaneously and the additional data is generated as a by-product. The earlier 2002-2005 period covered a slightly different set of determinands, in some cases only single samples were analysed, mainly for some trace metals. The data is included in this report for the sake of completeness and although the data coverage is limited, it provides context to the analyses from the main SBT period.

The determinands described in sections 3.1 – 3.17 are those requested to be analysed during the monitoring period.

3.1 pH pH is a measure of the activity of H+ ions in solution. The scale of measurement is logarithmic and the extremes are usually taken to be 0 and 14. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

3.2 Alkalinity as CaCO3 (Alk as CaCO3)

Alkalinity is defined as the capacity of a water sample to neutralise an acid. As several dissolved species contribute to the alkalinity of water, it is common practice is to report this measurement as an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The unit of measurement used in this report is Alkalinity as CaCO3 in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.3 Total Hardness Hardness can be defined in many different ways. SEPA measures hardness with a titration using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). This principally reacts with calcium and magnesium, but also with any other doubly-charged cations that may be present. As several dissolved species can contribute to hardness, it is common practice to report this measurement as an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The unit of measurement used in this report is Hardness as CaCO3 in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

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3.4 Electrical conductivity (ElecCond-20 or ElecCond-25) Conductivity is the measurement of the ability of a water sample to conduct electricity. Since pure liquid water has a very low electrical conductivity this determinand provides a measure of the overall concentration of charged ions. Conductivity also varies as a function of measurement temperature, so it is necessary to specify the temperature of laboratory measurements. Unit of

measurement used in this report is micro-siemens per centimeter (S/cm) and the temperature of measurement either 20°C or 25°C.

3.5 Ammonia as N

Ammonia is a nitrogen (N) containing compound (also see Nitrate and Nitrite). When dissolved in water it can occur in a variety of forms. This determinand measures the total concentration of all forms of ammonia in a sample. The unit of measurement used in this report is Ammonia as N in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.6 Nitrite as N Nitrite is an oxidised form of dissolved nitrogen (N) (also see Nitrate). When compared to nitrate, nitrite is the less oxidised form. The unit of measurement used in this report is Nitrite as N in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.7 Nitrate as N Nitrate is an oxidised form of dissolved nitrogen (N) (also see Nitrite). When compared to nitrite, nitrate is the more oxidised form. The unit of measurement used in this report is Nitrate as N in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.8 Total Oxidised Nitrogen as N (TON as N) Total oxidised nitrogen (N) is the sum of nitrite and nitrate in a sample. The unit of measurement used in this report is TON as N in milligrams per litre (mg/l). Taken together ammonia, nitrite and nitrate are all forms of dissolved nitrogen and their absolute and relative concentrations are indicators of overall dissolved nitrogen chemistry.

3.9 Total Phosphorus as P (Tot P as P) Total phosphorus is a measure of the total dissolved phosphorus in a sample (all forms – dissolved and particulate, including all inorganic and organic forms of phosphorus). Unit of measurement used in this report is Total Phosphorus as P in

micrograms per litre (g/l).

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3.10 Ortho-Phosphate as P (o-Phos as P) Ortho-phosphate is a reactive dissolved phosphorus species (part of total phosphorus). The unit of measurement used in this report is Ortho-Phosphate as P in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

NOTE: Total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate are reported in different units; g/l for total phosphorus and mg/l for ortho-phosphate.

3.11 Chlorophyll-a The measurement of the photosynthesis pigment chlorophyll-a is a way of assessing the abundance of phytoplankton (micro-algal) biomass in water samples. Phaeopigments are chlorophyll breakdown products that have the potential to interfere with the determination of chlorophyll-a. The technique corrects for the

presence of phaeopigments. Chlorophyll-a is reported in micrograms per litre (g/l).

3.12 Chloride Chloride is an anion (negatively charged ion) which dissolves readily in water. The unit of measurement used in this report is Chloride in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.13 Total Sodium - Na Water samples analysed for total sodium (all forms), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Na in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.14 Total Potassium - K Water samples analysed for total potassium (all forms), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is K in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.15 Total Calcium – Ca Water samples analysed for total calcium (all forms), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Ca in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.16 Total Magnesium - Mg Water samples analysed for total magnesium (all forms), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Mg in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

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3.17 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC<0.45m) This is a measure of the dissolved organic carbon, whatever the chemical form of the

organic carbon. Prior to analysis samples are filtered through a 0.45 m filter to remove insoluble organic carbon. The unit of measurement used in this report is

DOC <0.45 m in milligrams per litre (mg/l). It is common practice to define the dissolved portion of a determinand as that which

will pass through a 0.45 m membrane filter.

The following determinands (Sections 3.18 – 3.21) are analysed as part of the same set of chemistry determinands as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Although they were not part of the original monitoring request list, the results are included in the full electronic version of the dataset.

3.18 Total Aluminium - Al

Water samples analysed for total aluminium (all forms – dissolved and particulate), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Al in micrograms per

litre (g/l).

3.19 Total Iron – Fe Water samples analysed for total iron (all forms – dissolved and particulate), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Fe in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.20 Total Copper - Cu Water samples analysed for total copper (all forms – dissolved and particulate), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Cu in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

3.21 Total Manganese - Mn Water samples analysed for total manganese (all forms – dissolved and particulate), i.e. not filtered. The unit of measurement used in this report is Mn in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

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3.22 Other determinands A number of samples were analysed for determinands other than those described above. These samples were mainly taken during the period 2002-2005.

1) The following metals have been analysed in a very limited number of samples.

Arsenic - As

Cadmium - Cd

Chromium - Cr

Lead - Pb

Nickel - Ni

Vanadium - V

Zinc - Zn

All of these metals were analysed as total metal (all forms – dissolved and particulate), i.e. not filtered prior to analysis. The unit of measurement used

for all these metals is micrograms per litre (g/l).

2) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was analysed on a single sample from one location. BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic organisms to break down the organic material present in a water sample. Unit of measurement is BOD (ATU) in milligrams per litre (mg/l). ATU is a chemical used in the measurement process that inhibits oxidisation of reduced forms of nitrogen that would affect the measurement. The measurement is conducted over a standard incubation period (5 days) and standard temperature (20°C).

3) Total Nitrogen (TN) was also analysed on a limited number of samples. TN is the total of all nitrogen containing determinands (ammonia, oxidised nitrogen and organic nitrogen) in an unfiltered sample. Unit of measurement is TN as N in milligrams per litre (mg/l).

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4. SEPA’s laboratory quality procedures All the analyses were conducted at SEPA’s laboratory facilities. All of the methods and procedures used in producing the data are accredited by the independent United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). Accreditation is to ISO17025 standard and applies at the individual method and procedure level. Part of our UKAS accreditation requires, that as an accredited laboratory, SEPA take part in inter-laboratory comparison or external proficiency-testing (PT) schemes. PT samples, produced by a recognised third party, and distributed to participating laboratories, are analysed with no prior knowledge of their composition. Participating laboratories are able to assess their performance against assigned values and that of other laboratories. The SBT samples analysed for this study were not collected by SEPA staff, but were collected by others and submitted to SEPA for analysis. If any of the samples submitted did not meet our quality requirements as described in the relevant accredited procedures the samples or determinands affected were cancelled and no data reported. For example, samples submitted in the wrong bottles, or in bottles incorrectly filled, or delivered to the laboratory beyond analysis time targets, would be cancelled. Quality control failures during laboratory analysis can also result in cancellation and non-reporting of certain determinands in a sample. Determinands are only reported if all the various quality control measures have been met. Non-reporting means that either a sample was simply not collected on a particular occasion or that there was a breach of procedure or failure of a quality control measure at some point from sampling to final reporting. Over the period of the water analysis work presented here, there will have been regular, although usually minor, changes to the individual laboratory methods used. This may be as a result of a change of equipment, regular reviews of quality control data and general improvement initiatives. All such work is still carried out under the auspices of SEPA’s accreditation to ISO17025 standard and our ongoing obligations of our accreditation to take part in external PT schemes. This ensures data quality, despite any changes to individual laboratory methods. The main practical result of these ongoing changes and improvement initiatives is that the minimum reporting values (MRV) that apply to all methods can be subject to occasional changes. This can be most clearly seen when certain determinands are consistently reported as being less than the minimum reporting value (e.g. Ammonia as N <0.024 mg/l).

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5. Data presentation and visualisation This report presents a summary of the SBT data. Any party intending to make use of the data, or wishing to interpret the data, should use the electronic version of the raw data provided by SEPA to SNH, not the summary statistics presented in this report. For the purposes of summarising the SBT water monitoring dataset SEPA’s in-house software, DAVE Chemistry Spotfire, has been used. Spotfire is a commercial data analysis and visualisation tool that can be customised by the creation of specific applications to extract data from a variety of databases and present the data in a number of ways. DAVE (Data Analysis and Visualisation of the Environment) Chemistry is one such Spotfire application (developed by SEPA) specifically designed to present and visualise environmental data. The summary statistics presented in the proceeding sections are simple ranges, averages and standard deviations. During analysis some determinands in some samples do not have detectable concentrations, i.e. they are not higher than minimum reporting values (MRV). So for example, if an analysis such as Ammonia as N does not detect any statistically significant ammonia it would be reported as <0.024 mg/l (less than 0.024 mg/l – where 0.024 mg/l is the MRV). For the purposes of reporting summary statistics it is common practice to use the midpoint between zero and the MRV if data is less than the MRV. For example if an Ammonia as N analysis is reported as <0.024 mg/l, then a value of 0.012 mg/l (midway point between zero and 0.024 mg/l) is used for the purposes of calculation of averages, standard deviations and data presentation. This approach is intended to minimise significant bias when reporting summary statistics. However, this approach, although widely used when reporting compliance data for regulatory purposes, is in many ways arbitrary. For this reason the complete dataset, as submitted to SNH in electronic form, retains the less than the MRV- style of data presentation (e.g. Ammonia as N <0.024 mg/l) and should be used as the data source when making an interpretations based on the data.

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6. Summary statistics for water chemistry data

6.1 Introduction

The following sections contain summary tables for the main analysed determinands. The following information is presented for the determinands requested for the SBT monitoring programme:

The date ranges for sampling;

The mean*, minimum and maximum values for each determinand;

The calculated standard deviation* (Std. dev.), this is a measure of variability of each determinands at each location;

The number of samples. *Note: Calculation of the mean and standard deviation does not imply anything about the distribution of the data, i.e. normal or log-normal. The standard deviation is shown to two significant figures; this determines the number of decimal places of the average, minimum and maximum values. As explained in Section 5, the summary statistics include cases where the reported data is less than the minimum reporting value (MRV). In such cases the midpoint between zero and the MRV is used for the purposes of calculating summary statistics.

6.2 Summary statistics for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

Table 2 Summary statistics for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

Determinand Units Start date End date Avg. Min. Max. Std. dev. No. samples

pH pH units 25/06/2002 23/09/2013 6.90 5.50 7.33 0.28 62

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 25/06/2002 23/05/2011 10.0 4.6 20.9 2.6 60

Total Hardness mg/L 11/01/2005 23/09/2013 21.1 13.4 43.2 6.7 32

ElecCond-20 µS/cm 25/06/2002 23/09/2013 91 73 136 26 5

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 22/11/2010 91.1 72.0 103.0 6.3 28

Ammonia as N mg/L 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0190 0.0120 0.1100 0.0110 92

Nitrite as N mg/L 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.00500 0.00400 0.00500 0.00100 93

Nitrate as N mg/L 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.10 0.05 2.70 0.28 93

TON as N mg/L 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.10 0.05 2.71 0.28 93

Total P as P µg/L 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 7.7 1.0 40.3 5.8 91

o-Phos as P mg/L 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0020 0.0450 0.0060 83

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 1.8 0.1 24.5 2.9 84

Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 18.0 14.4 22.2 1.9 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 9.99 7.99 11.40 0.84 57

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.400 0.100 0.562 0.070 57

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 4.98 3.85 6.13 0.35 57

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 1.41 0.01 2.09 0.24 57

DOC<0.45µm mg/L 28/01/2009 28/05/2014 5.68 4.66 7.20 0.58 41 See section 6.1 for explanatory notes.

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6.3 Summary statistics for 132645 Loch Linne

Table 3 Summary statistics for 132645 Loch Linne


pH pH units 26/06/2002 23/09/2013 6.97 6.40 7.56 0.23 62

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 26/06/2002 23/09/2013 10.60 7.78 16.09 1.19 61


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 26/06/2002 23/09/2013 86.6 80.1 98.0 7.0 5

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 22/11/2010 104 91 204 20 28

Ammonia as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0170 0.0120 0.0200 0.0040 91

Nitrite as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0110 0.0010 92

Nitrate as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.077 0.050 0.364 0.047 91

TON as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.079 0.050 0.374 0.049 92

Total P as P µg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 8.9 1.0 102.5 11.3 91

o-Phos as P mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0040 0.0020 0.0420 0.0050 86


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 20.0 15.4 57.1 4.4 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 11.0 7.6 15.3 1.2 57

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.428 0.100 0.880 0.090 57

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 5.38 3.68 11.80 0.95 57

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 1.73 0.00 2.36 0.29 57


6.4 Summary statistics for 132647 Loch Losgunn

Table 4 Summary statistics for 132647 Loch Losgunn


pH pH units 26/06/2002 23/09/2013 6.44 5.92 6.89 0.21 61

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 26/06/2002 23/09/2013 4.6 2.4 8.0 1.3 60


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 26/06/2002 23/09/2013 78.6 71.2 98.0 11.4 5

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 22/11/2010 92 52 133 17 27

Ammonia as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.024 0.012 0.082 0.014 91

Nitrite as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0100 0.0010 92

Nitrate as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.065 0.050 0.420 0.040 92

TON as N mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.061 0.050 0.420 0.039 92

Total P as P µg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 17 1 366 39 92

o-Phos as P mg/L 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0020 0.0470 0.0060 85


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 21.3 5.8 38.3 5.3 90

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 12.3 9.1 18.3 2.4 57

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.41 0.10 1.06 0.23 57

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 3.31 2.40 6.49 0.60 57

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 1.52 0.03 2.39 0.36 57


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6.5 Summary statistics for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr

Table 5 Summary statistics for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr


pH pH units 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 7.39 6.94 7.86 0.16 94

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 24.3 21.0 32.0 1.5 92


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 27/06/2002 27/06/2002 147.0 147.0 147.0 - 1

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 150.3 134.0 162.0 6.5 64

Ammonia as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0170 0.0120 0.0200 0.0040 93

Nitrite as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0100 0.0010 93

Nitrate as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.11 0.05 0.58 0.09 93

TON as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.11 0.05 0.59 0.10 93

Total P as P µg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 9.9 1.0 33.4 4.7 92

o-Phos as P mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0020 0.0390 0.0050 86


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 27.4 23.4 34.4 2.0 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 15.32 13.60 18.10 0.82 58

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.95 0.50 5.96 0.67 58

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 10.7 9.1 37.4 3.6 58

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 2.43 0.00 8.88 0.93 58


6.6 Summary statistics for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan

Table 6 Summary statistics for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan


pH pH units 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 7.23 6.74 8.41 0.24 94

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 28.1 19.5 36.0 3.1 92


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 27/06/2002 27/06/2002 154 154 154 - 1

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 160 125 184 13 64

Ammonia as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0250 0.0120 0.1000 0.0190 93

Nitrite as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0110 0.0010 93

Nitrate as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.104 0.050 0.638 0.097 93

TON as N mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.104 0.050 0.648 0.099 93

Total P as P µg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 19 2 91 12 93

o-Phos as P mg/L 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.0060 0.0020 0.0310 0.0050 86


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 27.8 19.8 36.8 3.9 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 15.6 6.8 19.4 2.1 58

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.74 0.21 1.00 0.14 58

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 11.4 1.9 13.5 1.8 58

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 2.33 0.06 2.82 0.43 58


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6.7 Summary statistics for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle

Table 7 Summary statistics for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle


pH pH units 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 6.40 5.73 7.20 0.30 61

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 6.1 2.6 28.0 4.6 59


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 28/03/2011 23/09/2013 63.1 58.4 72.9 6.7 4

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 22/11/2010 80.7 61.0 104.0 10.3 28

Ammonia as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.025 0.012 0.199 0.024 92

Nitrite as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0110 0.0010 92

Nitrate as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.063 0.050 0.160 0.020 92

TON as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.060 0.050 0.170 0.019 92

Total P as P µg/L 02/08/2002 01/04/2014 15 1 54 11 91

o-Phos as P mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0020 0.0380 0.0060 83


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 18.3 12.9 31.5 4.2 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 10.6 7.7 18.4 2.2 58

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.42 0.10 0.75 0.14 58

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 3.2 2.2 12.9 1.5 58

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 1.41 0.98 2.46 0.28 58


6.8 Summary statistics for 132850 Loch McKay outflow

Table 8 Summary statistics for 132850 Loch McKay outflow


pH pH units 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 7.10 5.53 7.53 0.27 93

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 20.0 2.3 27.6 3.9 90


ElecCond-20 µS/cm - - - - - - 0

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 98 54 129 13 64

Ammonia as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.025 0.012 0.130 0.022 91

Nitrite as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0100 0.0010 91

Nitrate as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.074 0.050 0.585 0.065 91

TON as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.070 0.050 0.595 0.066 92

Total P as P µg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 21 1 356 41 92

o-Phos as P mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0080 0.0020 0.2850 0.0310 86


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 15.3 10.3 25.4 3.3 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 8.5 6.1 12.2 1.5 58

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.30 0.10 0.77 0.12 58

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 8.9 3.4 11.8 1.0 58

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 1.26 0.80 2.03 0.19 58


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6.9 Summary statistics for 132851 Lochan Buic outflow

Table 9 Summary statistics for 132851 Lochan Buic outflow


pH pH units 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 6.91 5.34 7.55 0.32 62

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 14.0 0.9 28.5 4.3 61


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 28/03/2011 23/09/2013 88.9 81.2 99.2 7.9 4

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 22/11/2010 106 41 150 18 29

Ammonia as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.024 0.012 0.389 0.039 91

Nitrite as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0110 0.0010 92

Nitrate as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.070 0.050 0.224 0.033 92

TON as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.069 0.050 0.234 0.035 92

Total P as P µg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 11.4 1.0 48.4 9.6 91

o-Phos as P mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0020 0.0350 0.0050 86


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 20.3 15.4 27.8 3.2 92

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 11.5 9.1 14.5 1.4 58

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.389 0.100 0.500 0.067 58

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 7.2 2.8 12.8 1.1 58

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 1.74 1.31 2.35 0.19 58


6.10 Summary statistics for 132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic

Table 10 Summary statistics for 132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic


pH pH units 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 7.00 6.54 7.57 0.21 47

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 17.5 5.7 27.0 4.4 41


ElecCond-20 µS/cm 23/09/2013 23/09/2013 114 114 114 - 1

ElecCond-25 µS/cm 11/01/2005 26/06/2012 127 72 193 25 45

Ammonia as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.035 0.012 0.160 0.030 63

Nitrite as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0040 0.0050 0.0010 64

Nitrate as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.071 0.050 0.256 0.035 64

TON as N mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.069 0.050 0.266 0.037 64

Total P as P µg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 12.6 1.0 72.7 9.3 63

o-Phos as P mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.0050 0.0020 0.0430 0.0060 60


Chloride mg/L 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 23.4 13.7 45.8 6.2 64

Sodium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 13.8 9.6 22.0 2.7 58

Potassium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 0.44 0.10 5.94 0.74 58

Calcium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 8.7 5.9 38.0 4.1 58

Magnesium mg/L 11/01/2005 28/05/2014 2.12 1.42 9.02 0.98 58


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6.11 Summary statistics for 475099 Dubh Loch

Table 11 Summary statistics for 475099 Dubh Loch


pH pH units 23/09/2013 23/09/2013 7.32 7.32 7.32 - 1

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L 23/09/2013 23/09/2013 15.7 15.7 15.7 - 1

Total Hardness mg/L - - - - - - 0

ElecCond-20 µS/cm 23/09/2013 23/09/2013 95 95 95 - 1

ElecCond-25 µS/cm - - - - - - 0

Ammonia as N mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 0.022 0.012 0.092 0.021 31

Nitrite as N mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 0.0040 0.0040 0.0050 0.0010 31

Nitrate as N mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 0.0700 0.0500 0.0740 0.0090 31

TON as N mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 0.0700 0.0500 0.0740 0.0090 31

Total P as P µg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 62 25 154 30 29

o-Phos as P mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 0.0070 0.0040 0.0270 0.0070 31

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 25/07/2011 28/05/2014 20 1 145 30 27

Chloride mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 23.4 15.1 42.1 6.7 31

Sodium mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 13.2 10.2 19.9 2.3 30

Potassium mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 0.96 0.31 1.56 0.29 30

Calcium mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 6.77 5.58 8.40 0.72 30

Magnesium mg/L 27/06/2011 28/05/2014 2.19 1.72 3.02 0.31 30


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7. Summary time series graphs for water chemistry data

7.1 Introduction

The following sections contain summary time series graphs for the individual determinands summarised in Section 6. The date range on the graphs covers the 2004-2014 period. Each set of graphs shows only one only determinand. In order to make the graphs more legible the 10 sampling sites have been arbitrarily divided into three geographical groups (northern, central, and southern) for the purposes of graphing. There is no interpretative significance to this grouping, other than making the time series graphs more legible. Each of the three graphs for each parameter has the same date range and concentration scales. The same date range is also used throughout all figures.

Arbitrary geographical grouping of sampling sites on Figures 2 to 19:

Northern Group: o 132643 Creag Mhor Loch; o 132645 Loch Linne; o 132649 Loch Barnluasgan; o 132849 Unnamed loch by Loch Fidhle.

Central Group: o 132647 Loch Losgunn; o 132648 Loch Coille Bharr; o 475099 Dubh Loch.

Southern Group: o 132850 Loch McKay outflow; o 132851 Lochan Buic outflow; o 132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic.

7.2 Time series graphs

See pages 18 to 35 for the time series graphs. Note that these graphs contain some data that are less than minimum reporting value and are shown as being the mid-way point between zero and the MRV, see Section 5 for a more complete explanation. The complete dataset, as held by SNH in electronic form, retains the less than the MRV- style of data presentation (e.g. Ammonia as N <0.024 mg/l) and it this dataset should be the sole source of information used for any data interpretation.

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Figure 2 Time series graphs for pH

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Figure 3 Time series graphs for Alkalinity as CaCO3

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Figure 4 Time series graphs for Total Hardness as CaCO3

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Figure 5 Time series graphs for Electrical Conductivity at 20°C

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Figure 6 Time series graphs for Electrical Conductivity at 25°C

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Figure 7 Time series graphs for Ammonia as N

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Figure 8 Time series graphs for Nitrite as N

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Figure 9 Time series graphs for Nitrate as N

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Figure 10 Time series graphs for Total Oxidised Nitrogen as N

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Figure 11 Time series graphs for Total Phosphorus as P

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Figure 12 Time series graphs for Ortho-Phosphate as P

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Figure 13 Time series graphs for Chlorophyll-a

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Figure 14 Time series graphs for Chloride

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Figure 15 Time series graphs for Total Sodium

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Figure 16 Time series graphs for Total Potassium

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Figure 17 Time series graphs for Total Calcium

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Figure 18 Time series graphs for Total Magnesium

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Figure 19 Time series graphs for Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC<0.45m)

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8. Summary data analysis of the water chemistry data

8.1 Introduction

The following sections contain additional analysis and information of certain aspects of the data collected before and during the Scottish Beaver Trial:

Statistical analysis of seven determinands (Alkalinity as CaCO3,

Chlorophyll-a, Dissolved Organic Carbon <0.45 m, Ortho-Phosphate as P, pH, Total Organic Nitrogen as N, Total Phosphorus as P) to determine the presence of outliers, changes in the mean, seasonality and overall trends. No explanation of the causes of these changes is offered, just that these tests do or do not have statistical significance.

Documentation of known pressures (land use, activities etc.) within vicinity of the sampling locations. This is simply an extraction from a SEPA database of known pressures and is not information collected specifically for the SBT monitoring programme.

8.2 Statistical data analysis

Below are explanations of the statistical tests that have been conducted on each of seven determinands (see above) at each of the sampling locations. This has been done using DAVE Chemistry Spotfire (see Reference 4). Each statistical test is applied independently, i.e. no test is reliant on the outcome of other tests. Four statistical tests have been applied; outlier detection, cumulative sum (CUSUM), seasonality and trend analysis.

The statistically significant outcomes of the various tests does not necessarily equate to scientific significance. For example, a statistically significant change in the mean of a particular determinand does not necessarily mean that the environment being measured has significantly changed in its capacity to support a particular ecological system, or that there has been any significant deterioration or improvement in the status of the environment represented.

The statistical tests cannot identify the cause of any changes identified, they simply state that they are significant at stated confidence level. Outlier detection Outliers are observations that lie outside (much larger or smaller) most of the other values in a dataset. The approach used here detects outliers that are greater than three standard deviations from the average value. Outlier detection methods cannot determine the reasons why an individual data point is a statistical outlier. Potentially outliers could indicate experimental error, including sampling, or be due to known factors in the natural environment. SEPA’s quality system (see Section 4) is designed to identify experimental errors prior to and during analysis and remove such data points before reporting (i.e. being recorded in SEPA’s database). Thus any outliers identified in a dataset are more likely to be due to factors in the natural environment. Unless a clear cause of such outliers can be determined it is better to err on the side of caution and not rely on the presence of outliers when making a given environmental interpretation.

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Note: outlier detection uses an entire determinand dataset and its average value; it does not take into account changes in average values with time (i.e. CUSUM, see below). CUSUM analysis CUSUM (or CUmulative SUM) is a method for determining changes in the mean of a series of sequential data points. It provides a method for detecting changes in the mean that are typically two standard deviations or less. When a shift in a mean is detected it is 95% certain that this shift is statistically significant. Seasonality detection This test applies a best-fitting sinusoidal curve with a period of a year to see if there is any significant seasonality to the data for a particular determinand. Again, this is applied with a 95% confidence level (i.e. when seasonality is detected it is 95% certain that this is statistically significant). Trend analysis This test determines whether values generally increase or decrease over time. The null hypothesis tested is that there is no trend. Failing to reject this hypothesis does not mean that it is proven that there is no trend, just that there is insufficient certainty (95% confidence) that a trend exists. So, for example, more data might prove that a trend does exist. There are various approaches to conducting trend analysis in environmental data; the approach used here is the Mann-Kendall test, a widely used method when testing for time-dependent trends in environmental data.

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NOTE: All the graphs on the following pages (Figures 20 to 29) have the same horizontal time axis for all determinands for all sampling locations. The vertical axis is the same the each determinand, e.g. the vertical axis for alkalinity graph is the same for each sampling location. This is to enable easier comparison of the graphs within a single site and between sites.

8.3 Statistical data analysis for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

Table 12 Statistical analysis for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

Date Value Start date End date Value

02/09/2003 20.850 25/06/2002 04/02/2003 9.031

11/01/2005 20.600 06/03/2003 02/09/2003 13.164

- - 01/10/2003 23/05/2011 9.707

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 17 01/10/2003 24.500 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 1.837 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

28/01/2009 05/05/2010 5.891

26/07/2010 25/07/2011 5.446

22/08/2011 29/01/2013 5.922

25/03/2013 28/05/2014 5.161

04/08/2003 0.045 25/06/2002 03/06/2003 0.002

06/04/2004 0.035 02/07/2003 08/06/2004 0.013

- - 28/06/2004 24/03/2010 0.002

- - 28/06/2010 28/05/2014 0.005

04/08/2003 5.500 25/06/2002 05/10/2004 6.931

- - 03/11/2004 06/07/2005 6.703

- - 02/08/2005 23/09/2013 6.937

TON as N mg/L 86 24/02/2009 2.710 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.100 No seasonality detected Insufficient data

06/01/2004 40.270 25/06/2002 28/05/2014 7.717

25/03/2013 37.000 - - -

Trend

(also see graphs)

Statistically significant

decreasing trend

No statistically

significant trend

Insufficient data

No statistically

significant trend

Total P as P µg/L 9No statistically

significant trendNo seasonality detected

o-Phos as P mg/L 69 No seasonality detected

N/A No seasonality detectedpH pH units

DOC<0.45µm mg/L None None No seasonality detected

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None No seasonality detected

Determinand UnitsNumber of samples

below limit of detection

Outliers CUSUMSeasonality

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Figure 20a Statistical analysis graphs for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

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Figure 20b Statistical analysis graphs for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

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Figure 20c Statistical analysis graphs for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

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Figure 20d Statistical analysis graphs for 132643 Creag Mhor Loch

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8.4 Statistical data analysis for 132645 Loch Linne

Table 13 Statistical analysis for 132645 Loch Linne


02/07/2003 16.090 26/06/2002 04/02/2003 10.237

- - 06/03/2003 02/07/2003 12.886

- - 04/08/2003 03/05/2005 10.600

- - 01/06/2005 05/05/2009 9.389

- - 09/06/2009 23/09/2013 10.649

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 19 28/05/2014 27.100 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 1.527 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

DOC<0.45µm mg/L None 28/11/2011 10.100 28/01/2009 28/05/2014 7.082 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

06/04/2004 0.042 26/06/2002 01/10/2003 0.002

- - 04/11/2003 08/06/2004 0.014

- - 28/06/2004 24/03/2010 0.002

- - 28/06/2010 31/10/2011 0.008

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

26/06/2002 03/03/2004 6.991

06/04/2004 05/10/2004 7.179

03/11/2004 28/01/2009 6.749

24/02/2009 19/10/2009 7.071

25/11/2009 05/05/2010 6.748

07/06/2010 23/09/2013 7.056

06/07/2005 0.374 26/06/2002 06/07/2005 0.094

- - 02/08/2005 28/05/2014 0.068

06/01/2004 102.500 26/06/2002 03/12/2003 3.175

28/06/2004 43.960 06/01/2004 28/05/2014 10.336

72TON as N mg/L

None

Total P as P µg/L 12

pH pH units N/A

Insufficient data


increasing trend

Seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

No seasonality detected

No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

o-Phos as P mg/L 76

Trend

(also see graphs)

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend





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Figure 21a Statistical analysis graphs for 132645 Loch Linne

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Figure 21b Statistical analysis graphs for 132645 Loch Linne

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Figure 21c Statistical analysis graphs for 132645 Loch Linne

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Figure 21d Statistical analysis graphs for 132645 Loch Linne

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8.5 Statistical data analysis for 132647 Loch Losgunn

Table 14 Statistical analysis for 132647 Loch Losgunn


26/06/2002 03/12/2003 5.522

06/01/2004 04/05/2004 3.238

08/06/2004 03/11/2004 5.262

01/12/2004 28/07/2009 3.743

29/08/2009 26/10/2010 5.029

22/11/2010 23/09/2013 3.868

25/07/2011 18.870 02/08/2002 01/03/2011 1.733

- - 28/03/2011 28/11/2011 6.098

- - 30/01/2012 28/05/2014 1.396

28/01/2009 28/07/2009 9.402

29/08/2009 28/11/2011 12.083

30/01/2012 29/08/2012 8.548

25/09/2012 28/05/2014 15.027

06/04/2004 0.047 26/06/2002 01/10/2003 0.003

- - 04/11/2003 08/06/2004 0.016

- - 28/06/2004 26/01/2010 0.002

- - 05/05/2010 31/10/2011 0.008

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

26/06/2002 04/02/2003 6.401

06/03/2003 04/11/2003 6.636

03/12/2003 06/04/2004 6.376

04/05/2004 05/10/2004 6.653

03/11/2004 05/05/2009 6.264

09/06/2009 23/09/2013 6.453

TON as N mg/L 91 03/12/2003 0.420 26/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.061 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

25/07/2011 366.000 26/06/2002 01/03/2011 11.742

- - 28/03/2011 25/07/2011 88.320

- - 22/08/2011 28/05/2014 14.314

Total P as P µg/L 6 No seasonality detectedStatistically significant

increasing trend

No statistically

significant trend

o-Phos as P mg/L 70 No seasonality detected Insufficient data

pH pH units N/A None Seasonality detected

Trend

(also see graphs)


significant trend




None

No statistically

significant trend

DOC<0.45µm mg/L None None Seasonality detectedStatistically significant

increasing trend

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 17 No seasonality detected

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Figure 22a Statistical analysis graphs for 132647 Loch Losgunn

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Figure 22b Statistical analysis graphs for 132647 Loch Losgunn

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Figure 22c Statistical analysis graphs for 132647 Loch Losgunn

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Figure 22d Statistical analysis graphs for 132647 Loch Losgunn

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8.6 Statistical data analysis for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr

Table 15 Statistical analysis for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr


02/09/2003 31.950 27/06/2002 03/06/2003 23.433

- - 02/07/2003 31/10/2011 24.768

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 23.719

02/07/2003 7.100 02/08/2002 01/02/2005 1.520

01/06/2005 8.430 01/03/2005 28/07/2009 3.000

28/05/2014 7.100 29/08/2009 01/03/2011 0.923

- - 28/03/2011 28/11/2011 2.872

- - 30/01/2012 28/05/2014 1.779

28/01/2009 28/11/2011 7.166

30/01/2012 28/05/2014 6.494

07/04/2004 0.039 27/06/2002 01/10/2003 0.003

- - 04/11/2003 08/06/2004 0.014

- - 28/06/2004 24/03/2010 0.003

- - 28/06/2010 31/10/2011 0.008

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

27/06/2002 05/10/2004 7.383

03/11/2004 01/03/2005 7.290

31/03/2005 02/08/2005 7.038

01/09/2005 28/02/2012 7.370

27/03/2012 28/10/2013 7.489

18/11/2013 28/05/2014 7.657

03/05/2005 0.588 27/06/2002 03/11/2004 0.123

01/06/2005 0.579 01/12/2004 01/06/2005 0.326

- - 06/07/2005 28/05/2014 0.083

28/06/2004 33.400 27/06/2002 01/10/2003 5.688

- - 04/11/2003 28/05/2014 10.779

Trend

(also see graphs)

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None Seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend




Chlorophyll-a µg/L 11 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend


increasing trend


decreasing trend

o-Phos as P mg/L 69 No seasonality detected Insufficient data


pH pH units N/A None No seasonality detected

TON as N mg/L 55 Seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend


increasing trend

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Figure 23a Statistical analysis graphs for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr

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Figure 23b Statistical analysis graphs for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr

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Figure 23c Statistical analysis graphs for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr

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Figure 23d Statistical analysis graphs for 132648 Loch Coille Bharr

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8.7 Statistical data analysis for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan

Table 16 Statistical analysis for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan


27/06/2002 22/11/2010 29.501

25/01/2011 28/05/2014 25.961

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 12 25/04/2011 26.040 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 2.683 Seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

28/01/2009 09/06/2009 6.240

28/07/2009 28/05/2014 7.198

06/03/2003 0.022 27/06/2002 19/10/2009 0.006

06/04/2004 0.031 25/11/2009 31/10/2011 0.008

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

02/08/2002 8.410 27/06/2002 01/03/2005 7.265

28/11/2012 8.070 31/03/2005 02/08/2005 6.912

- - 01/09/2005 28/05/2014 7.238

TON as N mg/L 68 11/01/2005 0.648 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 0.104 Seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

28/06/2004 58.150 27/06/2002 28/05/2014 19.128

25/04/2011 90.500 - -

Trend

(also see graphs)

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None No seasonality detectedStatistically significant

decreasing trendNone




No statistically

significant trend

o-Phos as P mg/L 61 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend


pH pH units N/A No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend


increasing trend

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Figure 24a Statistical analysis graphs for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan

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Figure 24b Statistical analysis graphs for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan

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Figure 24c Statistical analysis graphs for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan

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Figure 24d Statistical analysis graphs for 132649 Loch Barnluasgan

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8.8 Statistical data analysis for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle

Table 17 Statistical analysis for 132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle


03/08/2004 24.210 02/08/2002 08/06/2004 5.606

07/06/2010 28.000 28/06/2004 01/12/2004 12.887

- - 11/01/2005 23/09/2013 5.187

28/03/2011 24.680 02/08/2002 01/03/2011 1.618

25/07/2011 14.930 28/03/2011 28/11/2011 10.640

- - 30/01/2012 28/05/2014 2.744

28/01/2009 28/07/2009 8.895

29/08/2009 23/02/2010 12.018

24/03/2010 28/11/2011 10.321

30/01/2012 29/08/2012 7.829

25/09/2012 28/05/2014 10.183

06/04/2004 0.038 02/08/2002 08/06/2004 0.007

28/06/2010 0.031 28/06/2004 24/03/2010 0.002

- - 05/05/2010 31/10/2011 0.010

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

02/08/2002 01/12/2004 6.502

11/01/2005 24/02/2009 6.147

31/03/2009 23/09/2013 6.404

03/12/2002 0.170 02/08/2002 31/10/2011 0.054

07/01/2003 0.150 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.074

01/04/2003 53.000 02/08/2002 24/03/2010 11.850

28/06/2010 54.300 05/05/2010 01/04/2014 19.019

26/06/2013 49.000 - - -

Trend

(also see graphs)


significant trend




No statistically

significant trend


significant trend

None Seasonality detected

o-Phos as P mg/L 63 No seasonality detected

No statistically

significant trendDOC<0.45µm mg/L None


increasing trend

Insufficient data

None

TON as N mg/L 89 No seasonality detected


significant trend

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Figure 25a Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Unnamed by Loch Fidhle

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Figure 25b Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Unnamed by Loch Fidhle

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8.9 Statistical data analysis for 132850 Loch McKay

Table 18 Statistical analysis for 132849 Loch McKay


26/01/2010 2.250 02/08/2002 04/11/2003 20.997

- - 03/12/2003 28/06/2004 16.254

- - 03/08/2004 11/01/2005 21.610

- - 01/03/2005 01/09/2005 15.243

- - 28/01/2009 29/09/2011 21.620

- - 31/10/2011 28/05/2014 19.769

04/11/2003 12.500 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 2.538

01/03/2005 22.950 - - -

26/01/2010 18.300 28/01/2009 26/01/2010 8.643

- - 23/02/2010 28/05/2014 6.600

o-Phos as P mg/L 65 02/09/2003 0.285 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.008 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

26/01/2010 5.530 02/08/2002 03/06/2003 7.096

- - 02/07/2003 01/12/2004 7.247

- - 11/01/2005 25/09/2012 6.990

- - 23/10/2012 28/05/2014 7.268

07/01/2003 0.270 02/08/2002 01/02/2005 0.072

01/03/2005 0.595 01/03/2005 28/05/2014 0.069

02/09/2003 356.000 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 20.630

27/06/2011 177.000

TON as N mg/L 87 No seasonality detected Insufficient data


decreasing trend


significant trend

No statistically

significant trend


significant trend

DOC<0.45µm mg/L None No seasonality detected

Trend

(also see graphs)


significant trend




Page 69 of 93

Figure 26a Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Loch McKay

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Figure 26b Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Loch McKay

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Figure 26c Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Loch McKay

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Figure 26d Statistical analysis graphs for 132849 Loch McKay

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8.10 Statistical data analysis for 132851 Lochan Buic

Table 19 Statistical analysis for 132851 Lochan Buic


31/03/2009 26.900 02/08/2002 03/12/2003 16.384

28/06/2010 28.500 06/01/2004 05/05/2010 12.726

22/11/2010 0.880 07/06/2010 26/10/2010 17.683

- - 22/11/2010 23/09/2013 9.776

04/11/2003 9.500 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 1.511

23/05/2011 10.760 - - -

25/07/2011 9.610 - - -

DOC<0.45µm mg/L None 05/05/2009 18.100 28/01/2009 28/05/2014 9.261 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

06/04/2004 0.035 02/08/2002 01/10/2003 0.002

28/06/2010 0.021 04/11/2003 08/06/2004 0.014

- - 28/06/2004 19/10/2009 0.003

- - 25/11/2009 31/10/2011 0.008

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

pH pH units N/A 22/11/2010 5.340 02/08/2002 23/09/2013 6.909 No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

03/12/2002 0.200 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 0.069

03/03/2004 0.180 - - -

01/03/2005 0.185 - - -

28/07/2009 0.234 - - -

04/11/2003 46.100 02/08/2002 01/10/2003 4.233

25/04/2011 46.700 04/11/2003 28/03/2011 12.252

23/05/2011 41.400 25/04/2011 22/08/2011 37.400

25/07/2011 48.400 29/09/2011 28/05/2014 9.17


increasing trend

No seasonality detected70mg/Lo-Phos as P Insufficient data to

determine

TON as N mg/L 81 No seasonality detectedInsufficient data to

determine


significant trend

Trend

(also see graphs)

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None No seasonality detectedStatistically significant

decreasing trend




Page 74 of 93

Figure 27a Statistical analysis graphs for 132851 Lochan Buic

Page 75 of 93

Figure 27b Statistical analysis graphs for 132851 Lochan Buic

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Figure 27c Statistical analysis graphs for 132851 Lochan Buic

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Figure 27d Statistical analysis graphs for 132851 Lochan Buic

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8.11 Statistical data analysis for 132852 Unnamed Loch South of Lochan Buic

Table 20 Statistical analysis for 132852 Unnamed Loch South of Lochan Buic


02/08/2002 07/05/2003 19.232

03/06/2003 04/11/2003 24.002

03/12/2003 23/02/2010 14.941

24/03/2010 23/09/2013 18.576

19/02/2013 10.000 02/08/2002 01/03/2005 1.230

25/03/2013 8.900 31/03/2005 28/07/2009 2.549

- - 29/08/2009 01/03/2011 0.866

- - 28/03/2011 28/05/2014 2.416

29/08/2009 19.480 28/01/2009 28/11/2011 10.438

- - 30/01/2012 23/07/2012 6.162

- - 29/08/2012 29/01/2013 11.614

- - 25/03/2013 28/05/2014 8.887

06/04/2004 0.043 02/08/2002 07/05/2003 0.002

30/08/2010 0.023 03/06/2003 08/06/2004 0.010

- - 28/06/2004 19/10/2009 0.003

- - 25/11/2009 31/10/2011 0.008

- - 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.004

02/08/2002 03/06/2003 6.988

02/07/2003 28/06/2004 7.202

03/08/2004 28/02/2012 6.923

27/03/2012 23/09/2013 7.172

01/09/2005 0.266 02/08/2002 31/10/2011 0.067

31/03/2009 0.208 28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.074

Total P as P µg/L 7 03/05/2005 72.700 02/08/2002 28/05/2014 12.60 No seasonality detectedStatistically significant

increasing trend

Trend

(also see graphs)

Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None Seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend




None


significant trend

o-Phos as P mg/L 71 No seasonality detectedInsufficient data to

determine

Chlorophyll-a µg/L 22

TON as N mg/L 81 No seasonality detectedInsufficient data to

determine

No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

DOC<0.45µm mg/L None No seasonality detectedNo statistically

significant trend

NonepH pH units N/A

Page 79 of 93

Figure 28a Statistical analysis graphs for 132852 Unnamed Loch S of Lochan Buic

Page 80 of 93

Figure 28b Statistical analysis graphs for 132852 Unnamed Loch S of Lochan Buic

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Figure 28c Statistical analysis graphs for 132852 Unnamed Loch S of Lochan Buic

Page 82 of 93

Figure 28d Statistical analysis graphs for 132852 Unnamed Loch S of Lochan Buic

Page 83 of 93

8.12 Statistical data analysis for 475099 Dubh Loch

Table 21 Statistical analysis for 475099 Dubh Loch


Alk as CaCO3 mg/L None Insufficient data Insufficient data

23/09/2013 145.200 25/07/2011 26/06/2012 7.621

- - 23/07/2012 28/05/2014 26.394

27/06/2011 28/11/2011 20.440

30/01/2012 28/05/2014 15.789

27/06/2011 0.027 27/06/2011 28/11/2011 0.017

31/10/2011 0.027 30/01/2012 28/05/2014 0.004

pH pH units N/A Insufficient data Insufficient data

27/06/2011 31/10/2011 0.050

28/11/2011 28/05/2014 0.074

27/06/2011 31/10/2011 103.680

28/11/2011 23/04/2012 45.560

22/05/2012 28/11/2012 73.800

29/01/2013 28/05/2014 44.09


decreasing trend

mg/L 27

Trend

(also see graphs)

Insufficient data

Seasonality

Insufficient data


significant trendNone

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

No statistically

significant trend

Insufficient data

Seasonality detected




Outliers CUSUM

Insufficient data

None

Chlorophyll-a µg/L None No seasonality detected

o-Phos as P

DOC<0.45µm mg/L 8


Total P as P µg/L None None

TON as N mg/L 31

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Figure 29a Statistical analysis graphs for 475099 Dubh Loch

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Figure 29b Statistical analysis graphs for 475099 Dubh Loch

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Page 87 of 93


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8.13 Environmental pressures

This section documents known environmental pressures identified near the sampling locations of the SBT. SEPA record known environmental pressures and known point sources of pollution and the water bodies that they discharge into. Table 22 summarises the information currently held by SEPA.

Table 22 Details of known environmental pressures

Location Code

SEPA location description Land use around lochs Pollutant point sources to water body

Environmental pressures

132643 Creag Mhor Loch, Knapdale Forest

Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)

None identified None recorded in database

132645 Loch Linne, Knapdale Forest Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)/ Broadleaf woodland


132647 Loch Losgunn, Knapdale Forest



132648 Loch Coille Bharr, Knapdale Forest



132649 Loch Barnluasgan, Knapdale Forest

Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)/ Improved Grassland


132849 Unnamed Loch by Loch Fidhle @ outflow Creag Mhor, Knapdale

Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)/ Broadleaf woodland


132850 Loch McKay outflow Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)/ Broadleaf woodland


132851 Lochan Buic outflow Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)


132852 Unnamed loch south of Lochan Buic, Knapdale

Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)/ Improved Grassland


475099 Dubh Loch, Knapdale Forest Coniferous Woodland (Knapdale Forest)/ Broadleaf woodland


Note that the land use is predominantly coniferous forestry and so there may be potential pollution risks during any forestry operations. Similarly, the areas of improved grassland could give rise to pollution risks from livestock (if present). Some of the lochs are within Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) or Sites of Special Scientific interest (SSSI), although these can extend beyond the loch catchments. Below is listed the information held by SEPA for these designations:

1) UK001268 – SNH SAC and Water Dependent SAC – Taynish and Knapdale

Woods – alien species pressure (Canadian pond weed). 2) 8105 – Site of Special Scientific Interest – Knapdale Lochs – no pressures

recorded in SEPA database. 3) 8158 – Site of Special Scientific Interest – Knapdale Woods – no pressures

recorded in SEPA database.

Page 89 of 93

9. Information sources and resources

1) Data Analysis and Visualisation of the Environment (DAVE) Chemistry - Spotfire. This is a SEPA developed software tool for the statistical analysis of chemistry sample data held in SEPA databases.

Page 90 of 93

Appendix 1 SEPA reporting remit and scope

Scottish Beaver Trial SEPA reporting remit and scope

Introduction The five year Scottish Beaver Trial (SBT) is currently being conducted by the Scottish Wildlife Trust, The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland and host partner Forestry Commission Scotland. An independent monitoring programme is being carried out by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) to assess the effect introducing beavers is having on the local environment. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is providing water analysis data to SNH as part of the independent monitoring programme (see part of work request form attached). Remit and scope Once the monitoring is complete SNH has asked SEPA to provide a written factual report that collates and describes the water analysis data for each location. The sole basis of the report will be the water analysis data; no other data sources will be involved. The report will not interpret the data in the context of the SBT and will not draw any conclusions as to the outcomes of the SBT. Neither will SEPA be involved in making any recommendations following the trial. Water analysis data quality is assured by the fact that the procedures used at SEPA are accredited by the independent United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). Independence is further assured by the fact that there will be no interpretation by SEPA of the data and its implications. SEPA’s remit can be summarised as follows:

1) Analyse water samples, collected for a range of physicochemical parameters and metals (see below), at nine sample locations (later expanded to 10, see below) on SEPA’s behalf by non-SEPA staff. The period of monitoring is planned to run from May 2009 until May 2014. Water analysis data was also collected during an earlier phase of water sampling from 2002 to 2005. This data will be included in the collated data and described in the written report.

2) Collate the UKAS accredited data into a suitable electronic form so that it can

be sent to SNH. This data distribution will be accompanied by a set of explanatory notes. SNH have requested that an initial (incomplete) set of data be sent to SNH, this will be done before the end of October 2013. SNH will be responsible for onward distribution of the water analysis data and explanatory notes to the other parties involved in the SBT.

3) SEPA will provide regular updates on the data leading up to end of the trial;

this will be followed by a final distribution of the complete accredited dataset once this is available. It is currently anticipated that the final dataset should be available in early July 2014.

4) SEPA will provide a final written report on the monitoring programme once the

final dataset becoming available. SEPA would anticipate that the final report will be submitted to SNH by late August - early September 2014. This is in accordance with the SNH reporting timetable that requires a final factual report from SEPA by the end of September 2014.

Monitoring locations and analysis parameters 132643 Knapdale Loch – Creagmhor NR 803 910 132645 Knapdale Loch – Linne NR 797 911 132647 Knapdale Loch – Losgunn NR 791 898 132648 Knapdale Loch – Coille-Bharr NR 781 900 132649 Knapdale Loch – Barnluasgan NR 793 913 132849 Unnamed loch (N) outflow NR 801 910 132850 Loch McKay outflow NR 799 887 132851 Lochan Buic outflow NR 790 891 132852 Unnamed loch (S) outflow NR 788 884 475099* Knapdale Forest – Dubh Loch NR 784 900 The following analysis are being carried out: alkalinity, ammonia, chloride, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, total organic nitrogen, total phosphorous, ortho-phosphorus, pH, total hardness, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll. SEPA point of contact Dr Bruce Paterson Senior Specialist Chemist Scottish Environment Protection Agency Angus Smith Building 6 Parklands Avenue Eurocentral ML1 4WQ 01698 839422 [email protected] 22 October 2013 *A tenth location was added in June 2011 (after the start of the monitoring period) to reflect the areas inhabited by the released beavers.

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