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Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

Date post: 13-Feb-2017
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Scroll Compressor for Propane (R290) Bachir Bella
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Page 1: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

Scroll Compressor for Propane (R290)

Bachir Bella

Page 2: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

2 2

Contents

Why Propane (R290)

Binomial Refrigerant/System Architecture (F-gas)

Variable Speed Scroll with Propane

Regulation and Standards for Propane

Page 3: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

3 3 3

Why Propane: Efficient Future Proof Option But Some Limitations Exist

Regulatory

• Very low GWP

• Future Proof Refrigerant

• Natural Alternative To CO2 With GWP=3

Properties & Performance

• Up to -20% Lower Capacity

• But Up to 30% Higher COP

• Discharge Temperature comparable to R404A

Limitations

• Flammability / Hazardeous

• R290 Is Less Addressed In The Standards (IEC)

But Under Revision

• Directives (ATEX) & Standards Not Fully

Harmonized

• Directives & Regional Legislations Not Aligned

• Various Level Of Expertise In Different Channels

Advantage of Propane

• No Temperature Glide during constant pressure

phase change

• Up to -50% Lower system charge (lower liquid

density) compared to R404A & R407C

• Wide application range (NBT = -42.2°C, Tcrit. =

96.7°C)

• Moderate working pressure pcrit.= 42.6 bar

Page 4: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

4 4

Hermetic Sealed

R290

HFO GWP <150

R404A

R407A/F

HFO R290

R450A,R513A

R448A/R449A/R134a

Indirect Systms

R450A, R513A,

R448A, R449A,

R134a, R407A/F

Non Hermetic Sealed

ENTR Lot. 1

For condensing

Units

Commercial Refrigeration System Architecture & Refrigerants

Tomorrow

Syste

ms ≤

40kW

S

yste

ms >

40kW

Cascade Booster

R744 R744

R450A, R513A

R448A/R449A/R134a HFO GWP <150

Centralized DX LT

HFO GWP <150

HFO

R290

Today

Centralized DX

Flammable

Mildly flammable

Non flammable

MT w/ secondary

GWP < 1500

Page 5: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

5 5

Hermetically Sealed

R290

HFO GWP <150

Today

Centralized DX

R404A

R407A/F

HFO? R290

R450A,R513A

R448A/R449A/R134a

Indirect Systems

R450A, R513A,

R448A, R449A, R134a, R407A/F

Non Hermetically Sealed

ENTR Lot. 1

For condensing

Units

Commercial Refrigeration System Architecture & Refrigerants

Tomorrow

Syste

ms <

40kW

S

yste

ms >

40kW

Cascade Booster

R744 R744

R450A, R513A

R448A/R449A/R134a HFO GWP <150 ?

Centralized DX LT

HFO GWP <150?

R290

Small charge

R290

Medium & large charge

R290 medium charge

Trend

MT w/ secondary

GWP < 1500

Flammable

Mildly flammable

Non flammable

Page 6: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

6 6

Residential Heating Architecture & Refrigerants Trend

R1234 Blends &

R32 Low Temp.

Ou

tdo

or

Mo

no

blo

c.

R410A / R407C Architecture

Future

Ind

oo

r

(B/W

) In

-

Ou

tdo

or

R290

Today

• ≤ to 8kg* or

• ≤ 40kg* w/ vent’d

Enclosure

• ≤ 1kg or

• ≤ 5kg w/ vent’d

Enclosure

• > 5kg National Std.

• ≤ 5kg

• > 5kg National Std.

• ≤ 40kg

Challenges Availability DHW (R32) Safety

Up to 10 kW

(*) Regulatory Standard under revision to increase A2L charge

Up to 50 kW

Up to 50 kW

Page 7: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

7 7

Heating Performance w/ Load Variation Degradation Factor impacting the COP

Cycling (Cd)

CD (Degradation Coefficient): The measure of the efficiency loss due to the cycling of the unit. Smaller Is Better!

COPPL = COPd × (1−Cd ×(1−CR ))

COPPL: According to EN14825

Page 8: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

8 8

R290 Compressors Trend

Fixed Speed

HFC Scroll

Fixed Speed

R290 Scroll

Variable Speed

R290 Scroll

Compactness

Weight

Natural Refrigerant

Energy Efficiency

Single Compressor To Cover

Multitude System Range

R290 VSS Applications: Self-Contained Cases, Ref Small Chiller And Monobloc HP

Page 9: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

9 9

R290 Scroll Compressor Line-Up Heating Application

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

R290 R410A EVI R410A Non EVI

– Compressor with DC Brushless Motor

– Frequency Drive (220VAC Single Phase)

– Motor Speed from 15 to 120 Hz

– Requires special design consideration

– Inverter generates electro-magnetic interference (EMI)

– Variable shaft speed necessitates piping circuits to ensure Oil return

– Variable speed requires special consideration to avoid resonances

Page 10: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

10 10

1

1.4

1.8

2.2

2.6

3

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

CO

P

Compressor Speed (rpm)

50 C

35 C

-10 C evaporating

R290 Scroll Performance & Map Refrigeration Application

–COP quasi costant at full range of speeds

ZBV021

–Wide operating Envelope with R290

–(2400 to 4800 rpm full operating limit)

Page 11: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

11 11

Relevant Regulations & Standards Charge Limits for R290

EN 378 (Refrigeration Systems)

System Design

&

System

Location

Occupancy

Public

Access

Supervised

Occupancy

Authorized

Access Only

All in Occupied

Space 1.5 2.5 10

Compressor &

Receiver in

unoccupied

space

1.5 2.5 25

All in Open

Space or

Machinery

room

5 10 unlimited

- 40 (Household and Similar Electrical Appliances)

Max. Charge 5 kg

- 89 (Commercial Ref. Appliances): Max. charge 150g with no restriction

Sm

all

Sys

tem

L

arg

e S

ys

tem

Refrigeration Comfort

Occupancy

Public

Access

Supervised

Occupancy

Authorized

Access Only

1.0 1.0 1.0

1.0 1.0 1.0

5 10 unlimited

And Charge is Limited by Room Volume

IEC 60335-2

Charge limit in kg

Page 12: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

12 12

• Risk Assessment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

-5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75

Vis

co

sit

y (

cS

t)

Temperature ( C)

Oil Viscosity

R404A 3MAF R290 3MAF R290 HXL 4467

Tevap. -10°C

Dedicated Scroll Compressor Design

• Design review driven by PED req’t – Shell, fittings

– New Material and Processes

• Reliability Refrigerant highly solubile in lubricant.

Newly Developed lubricant for viscosity

improvement

– Electrical components source of ignition and Hot

surfaces exceeding auto-ignition temperature,

Shall not be located in an area where a potentially

flammable mixture of refrigerant and air could

accumulate. (IEC60079, IEC60335-2-40)

Page 13: Scroll compressors for propane (R290)

13 13

Conclusions • F-gas Regulation pushing towards the lowest GWP

refrigerant

• Modulation with VS provides significant energy savings

• Propane (R290) Compressor with Variable DC motor gives High Efficiency over a wide range of speed

• R290 supports more extreme working conditions

• Propane (R290) should be a future proof refrigerant for dedicated Refrigeration and HP systems

• Propane R290 needs Dedicated compressor design because of safety and reliability

Grazie per la Vostra Attenzione! Per contatti: [email protected]


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