#SD4Be · 2016-12-02 · The EU Approach to Science Diplomacy dr. Kostas Glinos, DG Research &...

#SD4Be

Seminar on “A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium?!”

Brussels, 1 December 2016

A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium?!

Royal Library, Brussels, 01/12/2016

Welcome

our assignment of today = reflect on how to best link science and innovation cooperation with diplomacy and political influence European Commission Moedas: a Science & Innovation policy 'open to the world’ Mogherini: a Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy

Challenge: Structure of the Belgian state and the distribution of competencies Reflect now on the ‘if’ and ‘how’ of a science diplomacy approach

http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/open-innovation-open-science-open-to-the-world-pbKI0416263/

https://www.google.be/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi55Y2u3s3QAhXHiywKHXbiDg0QFggoMAE&url=https://eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFeTV9puPU7yJpJubnmwzOjekG3Cw

Science diplomacy: three in one

Diplomacy for science: Diplomatic activities facilitate scientific activities Science for diplomacy Scientific channels/activities are used for diplomatic purposes Science in diplomacy Scientific advise supports political decision making

BUT: difficult balancing act !

Today’s programme (1)

The EU Approach to Science Diplomacy dr. Kostas Glinos, DG Research & Innovation, European Commission Concept and best practices Science and Diplomacy – a new dimension in International Relations

prof. dr. Pierre-Bruno Ruffini, Université du Havre (FR) The SESAME research infrastructure

dr. Zehra Sayers, Sabanci University (TR) Science Diplomacy and International Projects at FECYT

dr. Guillermo Orts-Gil, Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT), Embassy of Spain in Germany (ES)

Presentation of the “European Leadership in Cultural, Science and Innovation Diplomacy” project prof. dr. Luk Van Langenhove, Institute for European Studies, Vrije

Universiteit Brussel

Today’s programme (2)

Panel discussion Moderator: prof. dr. Caterina Carta, Vesalius College & Vrije

Universiteit Brussel Questions:

Rationale for Science Diplomacy Strategy for Belgium How to reconcile perspectives of research and diplomacy Roles of different actors Global, regional or bilateral approach? Hindering factors Success factors and best practices Initiatives: who, what,...?

Wrap-up prof. dr. Richard Higgot, Institute for European Studies, Vrije

Universiteit Brussel Closure Dr. Frank Monteny, Belgian Science Policy Office

Science policy domain: - Some Dedicated programmes - Federal scientific institutes - Space & Nuclear energy research External relations policy domain: - Representation of Belgium abroad - Diplomatic agreements

Science policy domain: - Applied Science - (international) S&I agreements Innovation policy domain: - Direct support and infrastructure External relations policy domain: - Foreign Trade and Investment - International (Bilateral) agreements

Science policy domain: - Basic research - (international) S&I agreements

External relations policy domain: - Representation of Flanders abroad - International (Bilateral) agreements

No hierarchy between the levels !

Federal level Regional level Community level

Belgian institutional context

Intra-Belgian concertation platform

IMCWB Political level

CIS- group 1 CIS-group 2 International S&I

cooperation

CIS-group x

CIS

Administrative level

(Main) Committee International Cooperation

Interministerial Conference for Science policy

Thematic concertation subgroups

Each Belgian federated entity is represented according to the intra-Belgian competency distribution.

Thanks to all the speakers, moderator and panellists all participants the organisers (and their sponsors).

Brigitte Decadt Johanne Warnant

Peter Spyns Stephanie Agten Joeri Casteleyn Marleen De Proft Tim Willems Emmelie Tindemans Ils De Bal

Hubert Goffinet Laurence Capelle

Léonie Maes Luk Van Langenhove

This event is co-sponsored by the EL-CSID project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693799.”

Science Diplomacy

A Brief Excursion into Basic Concepts and Key Issues

Pierre-Bruno RUFFINI – University of Le Havre

A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1st 2016

1. Vocabulary

2. Science diplomacy: old wine in new bottles?

3. A quick look at national approaches

4. Is there a European science diplomacy ?


1. Vocabulary SCIENCE DIPLOMACY Connecting science and foreign affairs foreign policies geopolitics Bilateral/multilateral levels Science diplomacy should not be confused with

international scientific co-operation



Related concepts • Soft power

• Smart power

• Public diplomacy

• Track 2 diplomacy

• Diplomatie d’influence



PEW Research Center – Global Attitudes & Trends 2013 Survey

In summary: • A country’s science diplomacy stands at the

intersection of science and foreign policy • It refers to all practices in which actions of researchers

and of diplomats interact • there is no science diplomacy without a direct relation

to the interests of governments, in one way or another. • But some other practices of researchers are not

directly related to a government’ interest, but contribute to strengthen a country’s influence on the world stage (“tacit”, “silent” diplomacy)


2. Science diplomacy: old wine in new bottles?

What is not new: • History bears witness to longstanding ties between science and foreign policy/diplomacy Great voyages of exploration Colonization Cold War What is new: • The 21st century brought science diplomacy to light as a

claimed and assumed approach of a growing number of countries.


Why now? • (bilateral level): competition through soft power in

the post Cold War period • (multilateral level): the rise of concerns about global

issues (environment, health, security…) Science diplomacy is an emerging field in public

policies as well as in academic studies • papers in journals, conferences… • PhD theses in progress… • 3 research calls of the European Union • etc.


3. A quick look at national approaches Countries differ in different ways: • Emphasis put on science in public policy? Pioneering: USA, United Kingdom • Official science diplomacy strategy? USA, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan • Importance of S&T in diplomatic networks?


Geographical coverage of S&T diplomatic networks

(Diplomacy for science)

• Number of foreign countries with at least one full-time science diplomat:

France (50), China (46) US (33), UK (29), Canada (25), Japan (25) Germany, Italy, Switzerland: around 20


Country models of S&T diplomatic networks

• Environment and global challenges profile USA, United Kingdom • Trade and business profile Canada • Academic profile France, Germany, Italy • Higher education, research and innovation

integrated profile Switzerland


4. Is there a European science diplomacy ?

• The EU diplomacy is weak …. • … but the EU’s research policy is effective and

influential • Attraction, cooperation, and influence: these three core principles of science diplomacy are present in EU’s research policy


More than 50 countries are engaged in the Bologna (LMD) process

The European program "Horizon 2020" associates 15

non-member countries Over 4000 Marie Curie Fellowships have been

granted over the past decade to researchers working in 50 countries, representing over 90 nationalities

(..)


• EU’s research policy is also influential within Europe

The European Research Area is a driving force of the integration process

Cross-border cooperation favors the advent of an

integrated European community of scientists EU’s research policy acts as a as facilitators to build political

Europe Research policy is a tool for promoting the European

model inside and outside Europe

A good example of Science for Diplomacy


Merci pour votre attention!

“A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1st 2016

Diplomacy for science Science for diplomacy

Science in diplomacy

Expression Intergovernmental agreements on scientific cooperation Action of scientific and technological networks

Parallel diplomacy (Track 2 diplomacy) Science Envoys

Scientific expertise Science-policy interfaces

Advantages for diplomacy

Promoting cooperation as mode of relations between states Influencing through science

Support to the normalization of diplomatic relations

Better understanding of global issues Assistance with the preparation of multilateral negotiations

Advantages for science

Support for the creation of large research infrastructures Support of diplomatic networks to the internationalization of research (mobility, visas...)

Expression of a scientific patriotism Influence on the governance of international territories

Capability of influence on major societal choices Social recognition of science

The SESAME ProjectSynchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (www.sesame.org.jo)

Zehra SayersDirector Foundations Development Program, Sabanci University,

Chair SESAME Scientific Advisory Committee

‘A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium?’Brussels, Dec 1, 2016


BAHRAIN

SESAME will foster- science and technology in the Middle East and neighbouring countries (from biology and medical sciences through materials science, chemistry, and physics to archaeology)- cooperation across political divides

Observers: Brazil, China, EU, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA

SESAME is a 3rd generation light-source (‘extremely bright flash lamp → very powerful microscope’) under construction near Amman. Commissioning will begin this month

SESAME

• Convergence of two ideas – build a light source in the Middle East (Abdus Salam – early 1980s) + foster projects that cross divides

• Original proposal (1997) - rebuild old 0.8 GeV Berlin Synchrotron (BESSY 1) in the Middle East, as basis for a new international organisation, modelled on CERN

• 1999 - (Interim) Council established: followed by international advisory committees

• 2002 - decision to build a new 2.5 GeV ring (still using BESSY booster)

competitive 3rd generation facility

• Ground breaking (2003); completion of building (2008)

• Vigorous training programme and growing potential user community

• Commissioning – start November 2016. Opening by HM King Abullah II in May.

A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF SESAME


Shielding houses electron accelerator and storage ring

Intense beams of light (infra-red to X-rays) generated by circulating electrons exit through ports in the shielding

Shielding houses electron source, pre-accelerator and booster synchrotron

INSIDE SESAME EXPERIMENTAL HALL


Spain : quadrupoles

UK : dipoles

Italy : Dipoles power supply

France : sextupole

coils

Israel : power supplies for quadrupole sand sextupoles

In Addition

Turkey : quadrupole

coils

Germany: vacuum

chambers

Pakistan : sextupoles

Spain girders

Cyprus : sextupoles

Collaboration between CERN, SESAME Members and Observers – funded by EU

Switzerland: controllers + correctors power supplies

THE NEW STORAGE RING


Life Sciences

• Drug design targeting common pathogens and diseases in the region.

• Natural products for pharmaceutcal and therapeutic use.

Materials Science

• New materials, e.g. semiconductors.

• Energy.

• Catalysis.

• Extreme conditions (P/T).

Environmental

Science

• Air, soil and water pollution.

• Determination of metals in soil and plants.

Cultural Heriatge

• Non-destructive structural analyses of archeological objects.

• Chemical composition.

• Imaging.

SESAME2.5 GeV

25 beamlines

6‘A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium?’Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

SESAME’s SCIENCE: Regional Relevance

Synchrotron Based XRF-XAFS Techniques in Tracking Pollution (Air/Soil) in Some Arab Regions (SESAME, Egypt, Jordan)

Coordinated Research Projects supported by IAEA

Adsorption and mobility of heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Jordan and Yarmouk rivers (SESAME and Jordan)

Samples are collected from Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers at different depths for XAFS analyses to monitor levels of all heavy metals.XAFS data collected at Elettra (Italy) and BESSYII (Germany).

Jordan river sample collection sites


XRF/XAS PROJECTS @SESAMERegional Relevance

I. Cakmak

Aydin M. 2011, Bilecen et al., 2005, Dede et al., 2007, Yesilirmak et al., 2009

ZnWheat has proteins readily binding metals. Zn fertilizers increase yield and enhance Zn content of wheat seeds.XRF: Mapping and quantifying Zn content in seeds.

Control 2μM 5μM 10μM 20μM

Courtesy I. Cakmak

Wheat seeds exposed to increasing Cd concentrations.

SAXS analysis of metallothioneins involved in Cd tolerance

Cd


METAL STORAGE & BALANCE IN WHEAT

e.g. Study of breast cancer by

Fatemeh Elmi, Assistant Professor,

University of Mazandaran, North Iran

+ Randa Mansour and Nisreen

Dahshan, PhD students in the Faculty

of Pharmacy, University of Jordan

Programme with synchrotron-radiation will begin in 2017


SCIENCE BEGAN IN 2012: IR MICROSCOPE11 Proposals aproved

1st Users’ Meeting Amman 2002

SESAME-JSPS School Cairo 2008

10th Users’ Meeting Amman 2012

Began training accelerator expertswho returned to the Middle East

Members of SESAME Accelerator Group, 2007

Now Training ScientistsLeft @ Advanced Light Source Users’ Meeting, Right @ NSLS


TRAINING PROGRAM(thanks to external support)

Users’ Meetings, Schools, Workshops, Fellowships, visits to operating light-sources,... are building technical and scientific capacity in the region

SESAME SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY



THANK YOUwww.sesame.org.jo

SCIENCE DIPLOMACY SPANISH FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FECYT) Dr. Guillermo Orts-Gil European Office FECYT Embassy of Spain in Germany

December 1st 2016, Brussels

2

I. DIPLOMACY FOR SCIENCE - NETWORK I. SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMACY – SOCIETIES OF RESEARCHERS

II. ACTIVITIES AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

3

Source: Spanish science diplomacy and scientific excellence (under review by Science & Diplomacy)

A WORLDWIDE NETWORK

4

International unit - activities

• To improve Spanish researchers´ international prestige • Scientific coordinators in London, Berlin & Washington/Spanish science &

cultural attachés network • Colaboration with associations of Spanish researchers abroad

SCIENCE DIPLOMACY

• PIPERS: Policy and practice to foster a common European approach to researcher career development

• Top III: EURAXESS network evolution to increase portfolio of services to researchers

EUROPEAN PROJECTS (EURAXESS INTERNATIONAL)

• SERVICES: support mobile researchers and researcher career services. • RIGHTS: promotion of human resources in research policies • LINKS: promotion of Spanish opportunities beyond Europe

EURAXESS SPAIN www.euraxess.es

http://www.euraxess.es/

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES OF SPANISH RESEARCHERS

5

UNITED KINGDOM 545 members

GERMANY ~ 400 members

DENMARK 85 members

ITALY

BELGIUM

SWEEDEN 75 members

IRELAND 25 members

CZECK REPUBLIC

AUSTRALIA PACIFIC

USA ~ 900 members

CHINA

JAPAN ~ 60 members

MEXICO

EUROPE REST OF THE WORLD

> 2000 MEMBERS

> 150 EVENTS/YEAR

6

WHY THEY ARE A KEY STAKEHOLDER FOR THE SPANISH R&D SYSTEM

• SCIENTIFIC TALENT POLES

Evaluators, ERC , Marie Curie and national/regional opportunities candidates

• RESEARCHERS WITH AN INTEREST TO STAY CONNECTED AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPANISH

SYSTEM

Mentors, partners in projects, etc.

• SOURCE OF INFORMATION

Major scientific achievements done by Spanish researchers abroad

• LINK BETWEEN SPAIN AND THEIR HOST COUNTRY

• FRESH IDEAS

• PUBLIC DIPLOMATS: THEY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPANISH IMAGE ABROAD

Dissemination (scientic annual meetings, etc.) Science communication (Science in the pub, science in the classroom, etc.) Training (metoring programmes, soft skills, career development, etc.) Information for new comers (taxes, etc.) International collaborations (project funders hunting, twinning programmes…)

7

FECYT ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE DIPLOMACY

8

FECYT ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE DIPLOMACY

9

http://www.idi.mineco.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Investigacion/FICHEROS/Informe_diplomacia_cientifica_Version-ingles.pdf

10

[email protected]

The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 693799.


European Leadership in Cultural, Science and Innovation Diplomacy (EL-CSID)

Luk Van Langenhove EL-CSID Scientific Coordinator

1 December


About EL-CSID

• Acronym EL-CSID • Horizon 2020 • €2.4 million grant amount • Three-year duration • Consortium of 9 partners • Coordinated at the IES


Research Context

• Increasing role played by Cultural and Science Diplomacy in EU external relations

• Important role of Innovation in how state and non-state actors interact today

• But: EU CSD strategy yet to be fully articulated based on understanding of direction of travel of cultural, science and innovation diplomacy in evolving global context


Objectives

• Codify and articulate the relevance of cultural, science and innovation diplomacy for EU external relations as part of systemic and strategic approach

• Identify how the EU and its MS can collectively and individually develop an institutional and strategic policy environment conducive of extra-regional cultural and science diplomacy


Aims

• Deepen scholarly understanding of diplomacy as an abiding, but evolving institution

• Strengthen EU policy towards the use of culture, science and innovation in its wider diplomacy


Work plan

WP No WP Title WP Leader & Participants

WP1 Europe and European Praxis in Cultural and Science Diplomacy in Comparative Perspective

VUB

WP2 Science for Diplomacy versus Diplomacy for Science: The Tension between Innovation Policy and Sovereignty

WZB & JIIP

WP3 Cultural and Science Diplomacy: The Transnational and Collaborative Dynamic

UoW & NU, NUS

WP4 EU Cultural and Science Cooperation: From the Outside Looking In EMUNI & CEDS

WP5 Exploring the Effectiveness of EU’s Promotion of Regional and Inter-regional processes in the South through Science, Cultural and Economic Diplomacy

UNU-CRIS & VUB

WP6 Leveraging Diplomatic Capacity VUB

WP7 Management and Dissemination VUB supported by all partners


Science Diplomacy & the EU

• Science diplomacy regarded as an increasingly important element of the EU’s foreign policy

• EC (DG RTD) and EEAS working towards the development of a common approach to this external dimension of science and innovation policies


Science Diplomacy & DG RTD

• Commissioner Moedas’ driving position • Commitment to foster the development of a EU science

diplomacy • “science diplomacy to play a leading role in our global

outreach for its uniting power” (Washington, June 2015) • Science diplomacy as a torch that can “light the way, where

other kinds of politics and diplomacy have failed” (Washington, June 2015)


Towards a EU Science Diplomacy strategy?

• “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe” (29 June 2016) • EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy, presented

by HR Mogherini in June 2016 • No significant reference to science diplomacy as an element of

the EU global strategy


Global Science Diplomacy


Cultural Diplomacy & the EU

• “Towards an EU strategy for international cultural relations” (8 June 2016) • EEAS Joint Communication to the European Parliament and

the Council • Terminology: “International cultural relations” (ICR) preferred

to “Cultural diplomacy” • EU “cultural superpower” • ICR regarded as an important foreign policy tool

#SD4Be

Panel on “A Science Diplomacy strategy for Belgium”

F. BALTHASAR

4

Dimension 1: SCIENCE IN DIPLOMACY, to inform (foreign)

policy objectives with scientific advices Q1: Scientific domains of Belgian researchers

Coverage of most scientific areas (including societal challenges) Indicators of scientific excellence: ERC grant holders, Prizes (Francqui, FNRS-FWO, international, …), international visibility (GIEC, Unesco, …)

A few examples of fields: virology, migration, economy, neurodegenerative sciences, climate, …

V. HALLOIN

5

Dimension 1: SCIENCE IN DIPLOMACY, to inform (foreign) policy objectives with scientific advices

Q3:A Belgian SAM (Scientific Advisory Mechanism)?

Administrative structures for science policy (WBI research and innovation platform, CIS Inter, Scientific Policy Councils, Federal Planning Bureau, …)

Lack of scientific dedicated body (such as SAM at EC) or scientific chief advisor (like in UK, Quebec, …)

Should it be set-up?

YES → more transparency and evidence-based decisions

How? A light structure

→ A couple of scientists (institutional landscape complicated enough …) → In charge of organizing, up on request from governments (and structures

dealing with science policy), ad hoc independent committees in a reactive manner and ensuring turn-over in ideas

→ In cooperation with the Academies and the FNRS/FWO → With an organic link with the government

6

Dimension 2: DIPLOMACY FOR SCIENCE, to facilite international science cooperation

International scientific collaboration: imperative to meet global challenges

Large research infrastructures : States must agree to build together large

research infrastructures (sharing of costs and risks) → CERN: an international organisation established by an international treaty

but also Science for diplomacy… : Cern makes it possible to (re-)establish bridges between separate nations → importance of science and international research institutions in uniting nations to pursue a single noble goal

P. DELCOMMINETTE

SCIENCE DIPLOMACY?

Flanders Investment & Trade Claire TILLEKAERTS

Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) & Internationalisation (I) STI+I = economic growth & jobs FIT Strategy: building international STI linkages

• STI community as Trade customer • STI community as Investment accelerator • Technology attachés & diplomatic network to

internationalise the STI community • Partner in framework conditions for STI community

Diplomacy for science

Science in diplomacy

Science for diplomacy

• CERN • ICTP • SESAME

UNESCO as an engine for multilateral Science Diplomacy

• Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization (IPSO)

• Scientific Advisory Board of the UN SG

• World Science Forum • UN World Water

Development Report

• Recommendation on Status of Scientific Researchers

• UNESCO Science Report

• Transboundary Aquifers. • Transboundary Biosphere

reserves

E. FERNANDEZ-POLCUCH

Director - Mr. Marc Vinck – Dec. 2016

M. VINCK – Office of Economic Interests – B3 Role

• Supports stakeholders at the federal and regional and communal level in their efforts to promote academic diplomacy

• Contributes to strengthen the internal coordination of academic diplomacy with all the partners

• Coordinate where requested

• Support the internationalisation of Belgian Universities in order to promote their competitiveness (innovation, synergies, higher quality of education, global responsibility, reputation)

Action area’s – Four I’s • To Inform

• To Introduce

• To Intervene

• To promote the Image of Belgium and its Regions & Communities

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