SDCK Field SOP

8/9/2019 SDCK Field SOP

1/17

1 San Dieg o C oa stkeeper / Field SOP / rev ision 7/13/ 10

SDCK Lab/ Field collec tion and Ana lysis of Water Sam ples / Standard Operating Procedure

The fo llow ing pages c onta in

Application and Method2

Clea n Hand s/ Dirty Hands ...3

Guidelines and Prec autions...4

Sequenc e of Proc ess....5

Sample Container Labeling...5

Collec ting Samp les...6Filtering Samp les....7

Sto rag e and Preservation...8

Field Da ta Sheets...8

Collec ting Am bient Data 9

Air Temperature..10

pH...11

Dissolved Oxyg en..12Cond uc tivity....12

Wate r Temperature...12

Hac h HQ40d ....13

Cha ng e Site / User ID..13

Sc reen and Mete r Func tions...14

Measuring Wate r Flow ..15

Observa tions of Hab ita t a nd Illeg a l Disc ha rge.....15Cha in of Custo dy.....16

Field Q ua lity Assuranc e and Qua lity Controls......17

Review Reminders.....17

Contac ts......17


2/17


APPLICATION OF PROTOCOL

Proper adherence and conformity with the following field sample collection and analysisproc ed ure is essential to ensure tha t d a ta c ollec ted by San Dieg o Coa stkeep ers Wate

Qua lity Mo nitoring Prog ram me ets a ll qua lity a ssuranc e and qua lity c ontrol standards, and is

sc ientific a lly defensib le and a c c ep tab le. The spec ific tec hniques a re desc ribed in order to

collect and analyze water samples in the field in a way that neither contaminates, loses, or

c hanges the c hemic a l form of the a na lytes of interest.

SUMMARY OF METHOD

Appropriate sampling equipment, containers and field measurement devices are

transported to the site where samples are collected according to each samples protoco(c ollec tion o f 1 L bot tle for lab ana lysis vs. filtered sample). Samples are stored on ice . Wate

veloc ity, wa ter and a ir tem perature, pH, c ond uc tivity, dissolved oxygen as well as othe r field

data are measured and recorded using the appropriate equipment and data forms

Ob servationa l da ta is rec orded a nd tea m p rom ptly returns to SDCKs Lab o nc e the tea m

ha s visited a ll assigned sub -wa te rshed sites.

The follow ing p ages c onta in deta iled proc ed ures in

Clea n Hands / Dirty Hands Samp le C ollec tion & Storag e Ambient Monitoring

Data Review/ Cha in of Custod y


3/17


CLEAN HANDS DIRTY HANDS

Clean Hands/Dirty Hands technique require two or more people working together.At the

field site, one person is designa ted as Clea n Hand s (CH) and a sec ond person a s Dirty Hands

(DH). Although specific tasks are assigned at the start to CHor DH, some tasks overlap and

c an be hand led by either, as long as the p resc ribe d c are is taken to p revent c onta minating

the sample.

oBoth CH and DH wear appropriate disposable, powderless gloves during the entiresampling operation and change gloves frequently, usually with each change in task

(Wearing multip le layers of g love s a llow s rap id g love c hange s.)

oBoth CHand DHshould sta rt w ith a fresh pa ir of g loves when b eg inning the next site .

CLEAN HANDS (CH) gives and receives sampling containers, but otherwise minimizes contact

with samp ling eq uipme nt to reduc e risk of c ross c ontaminat ion. In ge neral, the ta sks of the

CHperson are :

o Retrieves samp le b ott le from the inner bo ttle storag e b ago Holds sample bo ttle while d irty hand s c loses the sampling p ole c laspso Rec eives the full samp le c onta iner from the DH samp ler and transfers sample to inner

storage b ag

oInserts a c lean filte r into the filte r mec ha nism

o Prep ares a c lea n work spac e (inside vehic le)o Rec ords Field Data a fter samp les have b een collec ted

DIRTY HANDS (DH) operates all sampling equipment and is involved with all operations

involving c ontac t with po tential source s of c onta minat ion. In general, the ta sks of the DH

person are:

o Handling o f the outer bottle storage ba g.o Co llec ts samp le w ith p oleo Op era tes filter pump , and sam pling probe so Hand les single o r multi-pa rameter instruments for field mea sureme ntso Plac es samples in co oler, a fter CHp lac es c onta iners in inner storag e b agso Handles water-flow equipmento Cleans field equipment


4/17


UNIVERSAL GUIDELINES AND PRECAUTIONS

o Wea r Gloves a t a ll times!o Verify that samples are being collected in the exact location as indicated by field

note boo k, GPS, or c om munication with field lea der or returning volunteer fam ilia r with

the correct site

o Because communication of all collection times and data between team membersand the data recorder is important it makes sense for one person to serve exclusively

as data rec orde r at a ll wate rshed sites. This person a lso assumes responsibility o f

c om plete ly filling out the Cha in of Custod y for eac h samp le, and relinquishing samp les

to SDCK.

o Only co llec t a samp le if the site ha s adeq uate w a ter flow . During som e sea sons, flowin som e loc ations ma y be too low or none ma rk as suc h on the da ta shee t. Do not

sea rc h for an a lternate sampling site

o Water samp les a re to b e c ollec ted before a ny other ac tivity is performe d a t the siteo Samp ler should a lways be p ositione d dow nstrea m from samp le c ollec tion po into

Collect water quality samples from the center of the stream, or collect as close to thec ente r as the samp ling pole a nd samp lers physica l ab ility w ill allow

o Avoid disturbing bottom sediment during sample collection; and avoid collection ofany residue from wa ter surfac e

o Co llec t samp le 3 -5 inc hes below water surfac eo When using a samp ling p ole and bo ttle: plunge upside do wn c onta iner into the w ate

and rotate 90 deg rees upstrea m a nd sweep through wa ter to c ollec t sam ple

o When using measurement device probes: insert probes in smaller orange clamp onsamp ling p ole so the c lamp fits a t the prob e c olla r. Imm erse p rob es so the o range

pole c lamp is just b elow the surfac e (p rob es should b e 3 5 be low surfac e)

o Take c are when sea ling the sam p le ba g to remove m ost o f the a ir from the b ag sothat the sample bottle is not insulated from the ice by excessive air being trapped

inside the b ag .


5/17


SEQUENCE OF SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSES: Refer to page 6 for start of detailed procedures

1. Co llec t first one lite r (1L) bot tle using sampling p ole. Store in c oo ler immed iate ly.2. Collect second 1 L bottle as above, filter 250mL into glass bottle and store in cooler

immed iate ly. Rem ove spent filter and rinse filte r mec ha nism.

3. Perform pH test on remaining volume in second 1 L bottle. Record Data. Discardrem aining vo lume. Rinse p H meter.

4. Perform mea surem ent of a ir tem perature. Rec ord da ta .5. Use Hach meter probes attached to sampling pole to analyze dissolved oxygen

c ond uc tivity a nd wa ter temp erature. Rec ord da ta . Rinse p rob es.

6. Rec ord hab ita t d ata , get estima tes of flow , and ma ke ob servations of p otential illeg adischarge.

7. Perform req uired QA/ QC proc ed ures if instruc ted to do so (ex. transfer of field b lank)8. Review d ata sheet for com pleteness and m ake c ertain not to lea ve any equipme nt o

litter a t site.

SAMPLE CONTAINER LABELING

Lab el ea c h c onta iner (sam pling bottle or storage ba gs) with:

o the site nam e,o site ID,o sampler IDo date and time of c ollec tion (time first bo ttle d ipp ed in wa ter)

In most cases, containers will be pre-labeled with site ID and site name. Clean Hands isresponsible for lab eling the samp le bot tle with a wa terproo f sha rp ie prior to samp ling. These

labels need to correlate with the similar fields on the site data collection sheet. If for some

rea son the label is dete riorating or unc lea r, just w rite d irec tly(clea rly)on the samp ling b ott le

with sha rp ie.


6/17


COLLECTING SAMPLES

You will be c ollec ting two (2) 1L sample b ot tles. The first w ill be used for lab ana lyses

the second of these two will be filtered in the field and used to get pH readings. (the

pH mete r c anno t b e p lac ed direc tly in the w a ter bod y, it is wa ter resistant not w ate

proof)

1. Prep are to samp le.The laborato ry p re-c lea ned HDPE 1L samp le bott les are taken from the doub le-

wrap ped p lastic b ags using Clean Hands/ Dirty Hands tec hnique. The d irty hands

person opens the first bag, and the clean hands person opens the inner bag

around the b ott le. The c lea n hands person then rem ove s the b ottle from the innebag. The CH pe rson holds the bott le while the DH person sec ures the c lamp around

the bo ttle. CH then removes the cap from the b ottle so that DH ma y co llec t

sam p le. Take no te w hic h wa y the b ottle op ening need s to b e fa c ing to ensure tha t

when you push bottle into flow, the sec ond sma ll c lam p is out o f the wa ter and not

po inted do wn w here it will sc rape the b ottom a nd d isturb sed iment.

2. CollectionSam p le Bottle in c uff is plac ed into w ate r opening down, push d own until you c an

rota te b ottle 90 deg rees tow ards flow and then p ush into flow until samp le b ott le isfull. This ensures tha t no surfac e wa ter enters the b ot tle. Sc oo p o ut of the wa te

column and bring toward self without spilling. CH will immediately cap and hold

bott le while DH remove s the c uff. This is rep ea ted for the sec ond c ollec tion b ott le

for filtering and pH mea surem ents. This sec ond bot tle is not stored , but used for

filte ring a nd pH ana lysis immed iate ly. Sample is d isc a rded a fte r use.

3. StorageThe lid is sec ured and the b ott le is put bac k into the inner c lea n ba g a nd sea led byClean Hands. The Dirty Hands c ollec tor then sea ls the o uter ba g and p lac es the

sample into the cooler. Make certain to carefully remove most air when sealing

bags (both CH inner bag and DH outer bag) so that sample makes contact with

ic e a nd is not insula ted by excessive a ir trapped in ba gs.


7/17


FILTERING SAMPLE

Using Clea n Hands (CH)/Dirty Hands (DH) tec hnique s, p roc ee d to filter 250mof samp le from the sec ond 1L samp le b ott le p rior to obta ining a pH rea d ing.

Tea mw ork is req uired to p rop erly attac h and remove samp le b ott le from filteringme c hanism. Dont p ut your hand s where they d on t belong ;)

Instruc tions:

1. DH removes the filtering mechanism from the zip lock bag. Be sure that all gasketsare in plac e to ensure p rop er sea l and va c uum.

2. DH unsc rew s the w hite c olla r and rem ove s the top vessel from the botto m unit.3. CH removes new filter from source cup and places the filter on the perforated

surfac e without touc hing the m ec hanism.

4. DH puts the to p vessel ba c k onto the unit, being c areful to tighten by sc rew ing thewhite c olla r only and not twisting the unit, which will tear or move the filter.

5. CH will now remove the clean labeled glass sample bottle from the internal bagafter DH op ens the o uter ba g. Be c areful to set the orang e a side so it will not b e

c onta minated . CH and DH need to w ork tog ether to sc rew the bo ttle to the

filtering mechanism.

6. CH is respo nsible to p our the c ollec ted samp le into the me c hanism while DH pumpsthe w a ter throug h the filter.

7. Once 200-250 ml (50ml minimum for extremely turbid samples that clog filter)havepassed into the g lass, CH should rec ap the 1L samp le b ottle a nd remove the g lass

sam p le b ottle from the filter me c hanism a nd re-c ap w ith the orange lid a nd p lac e

into c lea n internal samp le b ag.

8. DH will close the e xternal samp le b ag and then p lac e sam ple into c oo ler.9. DH is responsible for the cleaning of the sample vessel with de-ionized wate

between sites.


8/17


SAMPLE SHORT TERM STORAGE AND PRESERVATION

Properly sto re a nd preserve samp les as soon as possible. This is done immediately after

c ollec tion by plac ing the c onta iners on ice in the c oo ler (make sure samp les a re surround ed

in ic e, not just sitting on top of. Suffic ient ice w ill be need ed to lower the samp le te mp erature

to a t least 4C within 45 minutes a fter time of c ollec tion. Samp le tem perature w ill be

ma intained a t 4C until delivered to the laborato ry. Care is taken a t a ll time s during samp le

c ollec tion, hand ling and transport to p reve nt exposure o f the samp le to d irec t sunlight.

FIELD SAFETY ISSUES

Proper gloves must be worn to prevent contamination of the sample and to protect the

sampler from environmental hazards (disposable polyethylene, nitrile, or non-talc latexgloves a re recom me nded ). Never do a nything to jeopard ize your ow n or othe rs sa fety

FIELD SITE DATA SHEETS

Eac h visited field site req uires a c om pleted Field Data Shee t (even if no samples are

c ollec ted (i.e. a t a site w hich is found to b e d ry).

Refer to d a ta shee t or to monitor progress throug hout the field p roc ed ure. Make sure to check all appropriate boxes and fill all blank fields paying specia

a ttent ion to the mea surem ent units.

Rec ord a ny and a ll results, when p roc essing a nd rea d ing a nd m ake note o f anyc hange from p roc ed ure or results tha t seem unusua l.

Clea n all eq uipme nt afte r use a nd b etw een sites. Remembe r to proc ess one sub-wa tershed batc h a t a time as they c ome in from

field w ith priority to keep under hold ing time.


9/17


COLLECTING AMBIENT DATA

Conduct monitor / field analysis in the shade if possible, or shade sample withyour body from the sun

Its important to filter and obtain pH measurements quickly after collectingsample prior to taking measurements of dissolved oxygen, conductivity and

wa ter temp.

Make sure that all data fields are completed in full with proper units recordedand a ll b lanks filled and b oxes c hec ked.

Clea n Hands/ Dirty Hand s Tec hnique is only nec essary for co llec ting wa tesamples, it is not necessary for collecting ambient field data. You must still be

gloved at a ll time s. Gloves need to b e c hang ed when ever soiled and b etween

sites. Do not reuse g loves. It is a goo d idea for CH to wea r multip le sets of g loves

so c hang ing soiled g loves is as ea sy as rem oving outer pa ir.

Any Instrument that comes in contact with water sample must be rinsedthoroughly b etw een uses to avoid site c ross-co ntaminat ion. De-ionized water is

used on all equipment except for the pH meter; Use tap water to rinse the pH

meter.


10/17


AIR TEMP: LAMOTTE ENVIRO-SAFE AIR THERMOMETER

1. Rec ord instrume nt ID # onto da ta shee t.2. Find a shad ed a rea in op en spa c e (under a tree, under an overhand, etc .). You c an

c rea te shade b y turning yo ur bac k to the sun if no shade is ava ilab le.

3. Plac e the rmo me ter into a ir. Hold the thermo meter at a n a rms leng th a wa y from youbo dy and rec ord the tempe rature.

4. Allow the thermometer reading to stabilize for at least 1 minute and recordtemperature.

5. Allow an ad ditional 30 sec onds be twe en rea dings.6. Ob tain a tota l of 3 me asurements. Return air thermome ter to b ag dry.


11/17


pH: OAKTON INSTRUMENT pHTESTR 3 or 30

Instruc tions:

CH/DH tec hnique is no long er nec essary for ob ta ining field me asurements

1. Rec ord instrume nt ID # on d ata shee t.2. Remo ve ca p.3. Press ON/ OFFbutto n to switch p H meter ON.4. Place probe 0.5-1.0 inches into water sample in the 1L

samp le b ott le, only the p rob e ne ed s to be imm ersed . Stir

gently a few times and wait 1 minute to let the reading

stabilize.

5. Allow an ad ditional 30 sec onds between rea dings.6. Ob tain a tota l of 3 measurements.7. Press ON/ OFFto turn pH meter OFF. If you do not press a

button for about 8 minutes, the pH meter will automatically

shut off to c onserve ba tte ry power.

8. Rinse the elec trod e with TAP WATER and rep lac e c over. Youdo no t need to dry the instrument; store the p rob e w et.

9. Discard the remaining sample water from the 1L samplebottle.


12/17


DISSOLVED OXYGEN, CONDUCTIVITY & WATERTEMPERTURE: HACH HQ40D

Instruc tions:

CH/DH tec hnique is not ne c essary for c ollec ting amb ient field d ata See pg 13 for de sc rip tion o f d isp lays and buttons and for direc tions to c hange user ID

and site ID

1. Turn meter on, c hec k tha t me ter rec og nizes both p rob es. Rea d ing a t top of sc ree nwill disp lay CDC401/ LDO101, and the re w ill be two lines of units assoc iate d with the

probes.

2. Remember to verify the correct site location setting on the meter beforemonitoring.

3. Atta c h probe s to sam pling p ole (sma ll c lam p) if you c annot rea c h c enter of strea mfrom bank.

4. Prob es c an be p lac ed d irec tly in the w ater bo dy at 3 5 inc hes dep th. Ensure tha tboth are submerged just enough and proceed to take measurementssimultaneously.

5. Press the g reen button to g et read ing.6. Wait for reading to stabilize and lock before recording readings on data sheet, this

may take time depending on your site. CH records measurements on data sheet

when loc k ic on app ea rs.

7. Wait 30 seconds between measurements, press green button again to initializereading.

8. Ob tain a tota l of 3 measurements.9. Pay c lose a ttention to the units. The Cond uc tivity me ter tend s to c hange units from

S to mS betwee n samp ling sites dep end ing on conduc tivity leve ls. Dissolved

oxygen is me asured in mg/ L. Rea d and rec ord the c orrec t units. (see pg 13 for ex.)

10.After use, rinse the prob e thoroughly with d e-ionized water. Set the loc ation on themeter for the next monito ring site. Push Pow er off.


13/17

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15/17


MEASURING WATER DEPTH

Instruc tions:

1. Measure depth of water at the sampling spot with the depth markedsamp ling p ole.

2. Measure depth 2 more times 5 ft upstream and 5 ft downstream andrec ord o n Field Data Shee t.

OBSERVATIONS OF HABITAT AND ILLEGAL DISCHARGE

The d a ta shee t ha s ma ny fields ded ica ted to sub jec tive environm enta l observations such a s

observed rainfall, water sample color, vegetation and so on. Discuss you observation

amongst team members before completing these fields to your best ability. A section is

available for field noted for observations or descriptions that may seem pertinent to the

c ond itions of the sampling site.

The d ata sec tion d ed ica ted to illeg a l disc harge s does not just p ertain to the site in q uestion

but a lso to a ny ob servations ma de w hile in the field or traveling from site to site a nd bac k to

the lab . Please m ake sure to rec ord as many fields as possib le and b ring suc h ob servations to

the a ttent ion o f who eve r is rec eiving your samp les bac k at the San Dieg o Coa stkeep er lab .


16/17


CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORMS (COC)

Every samp le b ottle that will be returned to the lab must have a c omplete Chain of Custod y

Form tha t c orrelates with it.

Samp les should b e trac ea b le from c ollec tion or rec eipt in the laborato ry throug h

preparat ion a nd ana lysis to fina l a rchival or d isposa l. This proc ess ensures the integrity of the

samples from the time of collection through sample disposal. Custody is defined as having

control of the sample in one or more of the following manners: physical possession, in

person's view after taking possession, secured by a person in a manner that prevents

tampering of sample, and/or secured by a person in an area restricted to authorized

personnel. The sample c ustod ian is the person assigned the responsibility for custody of the

samp le a t a given field site, lab orato ry, or testing fa c ility. Inc lude reg ion and trip information

as well as any spec ial instruc tions to the laboratory.

TRANSFERRING CUSTODY

Record is in permanent ink on a Chain-of-Custody Form for receiving samples from the field

and / or sed iment prep ara tion laborato ry to a biolog ic a l laborato ry. The Cha in-of-Custod y

Forms travel with the samples during the transfer, and are filed in the laboratory project files.

Upon arrival at the laboratory, the sample custodian examines the sample container(s) to

ensure that the sample seals are intact and the sample containers have not been

damaged. If any containers have been damaged or mislabeled, the sample custodian

rec ords the c ond ition of the sea ls and c onta iners on the Cha in-of-Custody Form. The sample

c ustod ian takes c ustod y of the samp les by signing, da ting, and noting the time in the o n the

Cha in-of-Custod y Form. When you pass your samp les a long to anothe r team for de livery to

the SDCK lab , this c onstitutes as a transfer and the samples must b e relinquished and

rec eived as state d a bo ve.

SUBDIVIDING SAMPLES

Once at the laboratory, if samples have to be subdivided and submitted to another

laboratory, this information should be noted on the Chain-of-Custody Form. With each

transaction, the sample custodian relinquishes custody to the sample recipient, who thenbe c omes the next samp le c ustod ian.


17/17

17 San Dieg o C oa stkeeper / Field SOP / revision 7/13/ 10

FIELD QA/ QC SAMPLES FOR LAB ANALYSIS

o Field duplicates are currently checked randomly for 10% of the total number of sitesmonitored.

o Trip b lanks (1/event)will a lso b e selec ted a t rand om and tested in Lab. The t rip b lank isa sample bottle containing de-ionized water that should travel throughout the field

and return to the lab for ana lyses. There should b e no evide nc e o f conta mination.

o Field Blanks (1/event) will be randomly provided, and need to be transferred to asamp le bott le fo r la ter testing. You will transfer this p rovided wa ter to a c onta iner when

the samp les a re c ollec ted . The field b lank is a samp le b ottle c onta ining DI wa ter that

should travel throughout the field and be transferred into container as if it wasc ollec ted in field a nd returned to the lab for ana lyses. There should b e no evidenc e o f

contamination.

REVIEW OF DATA

Everything o n da ta sheet a nd C OC form w ill be reviewed be fore we c an rec eive the

samp les from a mo nitoring tea m, please review a ll da ta fields for com plete ness. The Qua lity

Assuranc e Projec t Plan req uires 90% c om pleteness for all our projec ted data .

A field not filled out and a zero or not available (n/a) are not the same. No data enteredeq ua ls incomp lete . Com pleted data fields, clea r results and units = ; Inc omplete =

At any time you cannot clearly determine how to correctly fill out the data sheet, make

notes as to why do not guess (ex. Malfunctioning equipment). No data with a prope

explana tion is be tter than b ad d a ta.

CONTACTS

If you ha ve any questions in the field p lea se c a ll the WQ Lab

(619) 758- 7743 x115

or co ntac t the Watershed Prog ram Ma nag er, Clay Cliftons c ell phone

(619) 964- 1776

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