Fabio Eboli DIRECTORATE GENERAL
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPSTeam «Environmental Economists»
Fifth Annual Conference
SDGs in Italy: current status and the process towards the National Strategy on Sustainable Development
Rome – University of Tor Vergata, 16th February 2017
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development(September 2015): 17 SDGs, 169 targets, 5 Ps (People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, Partnership) => quantitative and qualitative dimensions, both developing and developed countries
High Level Political Forum (HLPF): Responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the universal post‐2015 Agenda SDGs.
National Voluntary Reviews: member states to “conduct regular and inclusive reviews of progress at the national and sub‐national levels” to facilitate the sharing of experiences, including successes, challenges and lessons learned (22countries in 2016, 44 in 2017 including Italy)
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
State of the Union 2016 (Juncker, 14/09/2016) => Priority 1: A new boost for jobs, growth and investment (circular economy) ; Priority 9: A stronger global actor (international cooperation)
EUROPE 2020 => 3 Priorities, 5 Goals and 8 Targets, 7 Flagship Initiatives, 10 headline indicators (EUROSTAT, that already fully covers 35% of the IAEG indicators)
EU Commission
EU Commission Communication (COM(2016) 740 final): Proposal for a new European
Consensus on Development Our World, our Dignity, our Future Eurostat (2016) “Sustainable development in the European Union — A statistical
glance from the viewpoint of the UN Sustainable Development Goals”
Law 28 December 2015, n.221 environmental measures for
promoting green economy and limiting the excessive use of
natural resources(Environmental Annex to 2014
Stability Law)
Ch. I – Art. 3 (update of the sustainabledevelopment national
strategy (SDNS))
Ch IV – Art. 16‐19 (Green Public Procurement) + Art. 21 (National Plan on SustainableProduction and Consumption)
Ch XI – Art. 67,70 (Capital Natural Committee + Payment for Ecosystem and
Environmental Services) + Art. 68 (Catalogue of Environmental
Harmful and Beneficial Subsidies)
Ch V‐VI – Art. 24‐50 Waste Management
AGENDA 2030 in ITALY
2002 (approved 1 month before the Johannesburg World Summit): Strategy of Environmental Action for Sustainable Development in Italy
Climate and Atmosphere (5 Goals)
Nature and Biodiversity (5 Goals)
Quality of the Environment and of Living in Urban Areas (14 Goals)
Resource Exploitation and Waste Production (6 Goals)
The Art. 3 of Law 221/2015 changes the Art. 34 of the Legislative Decree n. 152/2006 (and latermodifications) => «The Government… under the proposal of the Ministry of Environment … releases, every three years, the update of the National Strategy on Sustainable Development. The first update … will be completed by 90 days after the current law enters into force»
National Strategies have to be strictly consistent with Agenda 2030 / IAEG indicators
National Strategies provide general guidelines to drive policies, programs and actions in the differentdimensions/sectors/levels
SDNS in ITALY: BACKGROUND
SDNS: PROCESS and CONTENT
ROADMAP towards the ITALIAN SDNS
ANNEXES to the SDNS
• PLACEMENT (current status and trends)• PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT (weaknesses and strenghts)• COHERENCE MATRIX• SYNTHESIS OF TARGETS‐INDICATORS SYSTEM• SOCIETY CONTRIBUTION• CONSULTATION PROCESS AND OUTCOMES• IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS FRAMEWORK• LEGISLATION TOOLS FRAMEWORK• FISCAL AND TAXATION DASHBOARD
SDNS PLACEMENT Methodology Data search for all IAEG indicators (Data Sources: only ISTAT/SISTAN or other
official and institutional statistics) For each target, matrix + factsheet reporting historical trend as well as current
policies When data for IAEG indicators not available, kept the closest national indicator If IAEG indicators unsatisfactory to cope with corresponding targets, added
further indicators When UN quantitative targets not meaningful, replaced by EU or national
targets Traffic‐light based visualization (e.g. SOER from EEA) Only data at national level, no sub‐national
CASE STUDY 1: HEALTH (SMOKE, 3.a)
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
%Trend 2005‐2014 smokers (% population) by gender
male
female
total
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
14‐17years
18‐19years
20‐24years
25‐34years
35‐44years
45‐54years
55‐59years
60‐64years
65‐74years
> 75 years
%2014: smokers (% population) by gender and age
Italy
More than 10 mln smokers (460.000 > 20 cigarettes per day)
70.000‐83.000 deaths for smoke every yearOMS: Tobacco dependence 2° cause of death worldwide (6 mln, 1/10 passive)
•National Plan of Prevention 2014‐2018: 10 Goals, the 1° refers to non‐communicable diseases including changeable habits such as smoke, alcol, sedentary life‐style, dietary regime•Legislative Decree n. 6/2016: regulation on labelling and sale
General comment on SDG3:
13 targets proposed by UN => for Italy 11 can be monitored throughavailable indicators (Istat, Ministry of Health, Eurostat) Some target (3.1, 3.2, 3.7, 3.8) relevant for developing countries
Main criticism: targets of increasing importance in developed economiesmissing:
• Life expectancy and new diseases for olders (ex. dementia and nervoussystem diseases, heatwaves)
• Stress• Social discomfort Pathological gambling Dietary disturbances in youngers (obesity, anorexia, bulimia)
CASE STUDY 2: ENERGY INTENSITY (7.3)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2030
Kg oil eq
. / 100
0 €
EU (28 countries) Germany Spain France Italy United Kingdom
40‐27‐27 CLIMATE&ENERGY PACKAGE 2030
(EN EFF UP TO 30%)
ITALY NATIONAL ENERGY STRATEGY (2013) to be updated
General comment on SDG7:
7.1 Energy Access is split in two targets. Electricity Access is fine for all developed countries, what is challenging is «primarydependency on clean energy» (how to measure the indicator?)
7.2 Renewables: Italy has improved a lot but the past trend can be hardly replicated in the future (incentives switched off, physicalconstraints). The good current result [15.3% vs 17% (2020 target)] explained also by reduced energy demand in productive sectors
7.a.and 7.b some confusion and mismatch between targets and indicators
CASE STUDY 3: INCLUSIVENESS (10.2)
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
%
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (income < 60% of the national average)
EU
Italy
General comment on SDG10:
Difficult to measure since:
• Only 7/10 targets may be eventually monitored, but still lackof data
• Several targets qualitative• Multidimensional targets associated to economic indicators
only (10.2, 10.4)• Several targets indipendent on single country effort, e.g. 10.
5 on financial markets regulation and 10.6 on least developedeconomies representativeness within international economicinstitutions
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,001 povertà
2 cibo3 salute
4 educazione
5 donne
6 acqua
7 energia
8 economia9 infrastrutture10 ineguaglianza
11 città
12 sostenibilità
13 clima
14 oceani
15 biodiversità
16 istituzione17 governance
Arithmetic mean of targets by goal
(3: high probability to achieve the target; 2: unclear trend or policy
effect; 1: low probability to achieve the target)
COHERENCE MATRIX
NATIONAL GOALS (PRELIMINARY)DIMENSIONS NATIONAL GOALS (NUMBER OF TARGETS)
PEOPLE• Eradicating Poverty and Reducing Social Exclusion (3)• Ensuring Conditions for Development of Human Potentials (4)• Promoting Health and Wellbeing (3)
PLANET
• Halting Biodiversity Loss (5)• Ensuring Sustainable Management of Natural Resources (7)• Creating Resilient Communities and Territories, Protecting
Landscape (4)
PROSPERITY
• Financing and Promoting R&D (3)• Ensuring Full Employment and High‐Quality Education (2)• Promoting Sustainable Production and Consumption (9)• Decarbonizing Economy (3)
PEACE• Promoting Peaceful and Inclusive Society (2)• Eliminate Discrimination in all forms (3)• Ensuring Legality and Justice (3)
NATIONAL GOALS (PRELIMINARY)DIMENSIONS NATIONAL GOALS (NUMBER OF TARGETS)
PARTNERSHIP
• Governance, Human Rights and Inequalities (7)• Migration (3)• Human Health (6)• Education (5)• Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security (7)• Environment, Climate Change and Energy for Development (4)• Safeguard of Cultural and Natural Heritage (3)• Private Sector (2)
CROSS‐CUTTINGVECTORS
• Common Knowledge (4)• Monitoring and Assessment of Policies/Plans/Projects (2)• Institutions, Participation and Public/Private Partnerships (3)• Communication, Awareness, Education (1)• Public Administration and Public Financial Resource (2)
An EXAMPLE of NATIONAL TARGET
Thank you!
http://www.minambiente.it/pagina/la‐strategia‐nazionale‐lo‐sviluppo‐sostenibile
DIREZIONE GENERALE PER LO SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE, PER IL DANNO AMBIENTALE E PER I RAPPORTI CON L'UNIONE EUROPEA E GLI ORGANISMI INTERNAZIONALI
