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ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 1
SDH MULTIPLEXING
BYTX-I FACULTYALTTC, GZB.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 2
BASIC PHILOSOPHY
• MULTIPLEXING IS REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT
SO MANY INFORMATION ON THE SAME
PATH.
• SO IN CASE OF SDH MULTIPLEXING TIME
REMAINS THE SAME IN WHICH WE CAN
TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION OF SO MANY
CHANNELS BY WAY OF INTERLEAVING
METHOD.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 3
DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGY
• STM- IT IS THE FINAL INFORMATION STRUCTURE
WHICH IS TO BE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE LASER
FOR TRANSMISSION TO DISTANT END.
• IT IS THE SIGNAL WHICH IS AVAILABLE FOR
TRANSMISSION WHEN ALL THE MUXING IS OVER.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 4
PATH• PATH INDICATES THE LANE THROUGH WHICH
THE INPUT SIGNAL IS ALLOWED TO PASS TO REACH UP TO HIGHER ORDER PATH OR TO SOME OTHER HIGHER LEVEL
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 5
SECTION• SECTION INDICATES THAT NOW DATA IS
PROCESSED COMPLETELY AND IS AVAILABLE FOR
MODULATION OVER THE LASER
• IN MOST OF THE CASES SOME OVERHEAD HOUSE
KEEPING BITS ARE ALSO ADDED JUST BEFORE
MODULATION
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 6
CONTAINER
• AS THE NAME SUGGESTS IT IS A BOX OF FIXED
SIZE WITH VERY LITTLE ELASTICITY
• THIS BOX CAN TAKE VARIETY OF PDH
INPUTS( MAX=2).
• CONTAINER IS THE FIRST ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF SDH
MAPPING/MULTIPLEXING
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 7
VIRTUAL CONTAINER
• IT IS THE SECOND ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF
MULTIPLEXING
• CONTAINER ADDED WITH SOME PATH OVERHEAD
IS CALLED VIRTUAL CONTAINER
• CONTAINER AND VIRTUAL CONTAINER ARE
CALLED PATH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 8
PATH LEVEL• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 2MB OR
1.5MB LEVEL THEN WE ARE FOLLOWING THE
LOWER ORDER PATH.
• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 34 OR
140 MB LEVEL THEN WE ARE AT THE HIGHER
ORDER PATH.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 9
TU
VC
C
FIRST THREE STAGES OF MULTIPLEXING
PATH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 10
TRIBUTARY UNIT
• TRIBUTARY UNIT IS AN AGENT THAT PROVIDES
ADAPTATION OR HANDSHAKE BETWEEN HIGHER
ORDER PATH AND LOWER ORDER PATH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 11
VIRTUALCONTAINER
CONTAINER
POINTER
TRIBUTARY UNIT
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 12
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT
• ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT PROVIDES ADAPTATION OR
HANDSHAKE BETWEEN FINAL FRAME
LAYER(SECTION LAYER) AND HIGHER ORDER PATH
LAYER
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 13
POINTER• AS THE NAME INFERS, POINTER POINTS TO THE
START OF THE FRAME WHEN COMPARED TO
OMNIPRESENT SYCHRONOUS CLOCK
• VALUE OF THE POINTER INDICATES THE ACTUAL
OFFSET
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 14
SDH MAPPING
• SDH MAPPING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH INPUT
DATA IS FILLED IN THE FIRST BOX ,THAT IS,
CONTAINER.
• DATA MAY NOT BE OF THE IDEAL SIZE TO GET
ADJUSTED IN THE BOX BUT VARIATIONS SHOULD
NOT EXCEED THE ELASTIC LIMIT OF THE BOX
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 15
SDH MULTIPLEXING
• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF LOWER ORDER PATH
IN TO HIGHER ORDER PATH IS CALLED
MULTIPLEXING.
• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF HIGHER ORDER PATH
IN TO SECTION LAYER IS ALSO CALLED
MULTIPLEXING.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 16
SDH ALIGNING• ALIGNING IN SDH IS CALLED THE ALIGNING OF THE
LOCAL FRAME OF SDH WITH THE GLOBAL CLOCK
FLOWING IN THE RING.
• ALIGNING TAKES PLACE AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE
UNIT
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 17
SDH RATES• STM-1 = 155.520 MB/S
• STM-4 = 622.080 MB/S
• STM-16 = 2488.32 MB/S
• STM-64 = 9953.28 MB/S
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 18
NO OF ROWS IN FRAME: 9NO OF COLUMNS: 270NO OF BYTES IN FRAME: 270*9NO OF BITS IN A FRAME: 270*9*8FRAME DURATION: 125usNO OF BITS TRANSMITTED IN ONE SECOND: 270*9*8*1000000 -------------------------- 125
=155.520Mb/S
SDH BIT RATE CALCULATION
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 19
POINTER PAY LOAD
RSOH
OVERHEAD
MSOH
1
9
2709
34
FINAL SDH FRAME
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 20
C4C4140MB/S
C4C4+
POH
= VC4VC4
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 21
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
VC4VC4+POINTER
VC4VC4 AU-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 22
FLOATING PAYLOAD
VC4VC4 AU-4
VC4VC4 AUG
FIXED PAYLOAD
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 23
STM-IMSOHMSOH
VC4VC4 AUG+
RSOHRSOH
MSOHMSOH
= VC4VC4
RSOHRSOH
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 24
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
+
C3
C3 POH VC3
34MB/S
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 25
VC3
+ =
POINTER
TU3
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 26
TU3
AFTER ALIGNMENT =
TUG3
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 27
TUG3 TUG3TUG3
VC-4
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 28
VC4VC4+POINTER
VC4VC4 AU-4
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 29
VC4VC4 AU-4
VC4VC4 AUG
FIXED PAYLOAD
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 30
MSOHMSOH
VC4VC4 AUG+
RSOHRSOH
MSOHMSOH
= VC4VC4
RSOHRSOH
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 31
2MB
C1VC12
PATH OVER HEAD
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 32
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
VC12 TU12
+
POINTER
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 33
TU12 TU12 TU12
TUG 2
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 34
C12
VC12POH
TU12POINTER
TU12
TU12 TU12 TU12
TUG2
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 35
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
1 2 3 7
TUG3NPI
NPI
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 36
TUG3 TUG3TUG3
VC-4
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 37
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
VC4VC4+POINTER
VC4VC4 AU-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 38
VC4VC4 AU-4
VC4VC4 AUG
FIXED PAYLOAD
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 39
STM-IMSOHMSOH
VC4VC4 AUG+
RSOHRSOH
MSOHMSOH
= VC4VC4
RSOHRSOH
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 40
TUG3 TUG3TUG3
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 41
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2 TUG2TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 42
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2
TUG2 TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TUG2
TU12 TU12 TU12
TUG2
TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
PAYLOAD
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 43
SDH-MAPPING
• MAPPING IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH
PDH TRIBUTARY IS ALLOWED TO BE ADAPTED
IN THE CONTAINER
• FOR THREE DIFFERENT TRIBUTARY THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT CONTAINERS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 44
MAPPING OF 139.264Kb/S
• THIS SIGNAL, E4 WILL GO TO C-4, C-4 HAS 9 ROWS AND 260 COLUMNS IN 125 MICROSECONDS
• ONE ROW IS BIFURCATED IN TO 20 BLOCKS OF 13 BYTES
• ONE BLOCK IS IN THE FORM OF ONE BYTE IN THE FORM OF W/X/Y/Z BYTE FOLLOWED BY 12 BYTES OF DATA
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 45
G.709 MAPPING GRAPH
W =D1..D8, Y=R1..R8, X = CR1..R7, Z = D1..D6SR
=DATA
= W
=X
= Y
=Z
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 46
PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION
• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS IN
ONE ROW = 1934 BITS
• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 5
• OPPORTUNITYBITS = 1
• STUFF B ITS = 140
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 47
MAPPING OF E3 IN C3
• C-3 IS 9 ROWS BY 84 COLUMNS IN 125
MICROSECONDS
• THIS PAYLOAD IS DIVIDED IN TO THREE• SUBFRAMES
• EACH SUBFRAME IS DIVIDED IN THREE ROWS
• EACH ROW IS DIVIDED IN TO 16 BLOCKS OF 4
BYTES AND 4 BLOCKS OF 5 BYTES
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 48
X X X Y X X X X
Z X
X B
X
X X X A X X X
X = R+24BITS
Y = RR+24BITS
Z=RC+24BITS
A=RR + 24BITSB=RC +24BITS
FIRST ROW
R= ALL FIXED STUFFC= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 49
X X X Y X X X X
Z X
X B
X
X X X A X X X
X = R+24BITS
Y = RR+24BITS
Z=RC+24BITS
A=RR + 24BITSB=RC +24BITS
R= ALL FIXED STUFFC= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS
SECOND ROW
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 50
X X X Y X X X X
Z X
X B1
X
X X X A X X X
X =R+24BITS
Y = RR+24BITS
Z=RC+24BITS
A=RR+ 24BITSB1=RR +a + b+8BITS
THIRD ROW
a+b = 7 R BITS + 7 D BITS + 2 S BITS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 51
PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION
• TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA BITS IN SUBFRAME
=1431
• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 10
• OPPORTUNITY BITS = 2
• FIXED STUFF BITS = 573
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 52
MAPPING OF E1 IN TO C12
• C12 IS 136 BYTES IN 500 MICROSECOND
• IT IS ONLY IN THE CASE OF E1 THAT THE
FRAMEDURATION IS FOUR FOLD ELSE IT IS 125
MICROSECOND TO MAKE THE THINGS CLEAR
IT IS CALLED MULTIFRAME
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 53
32 BYTES 32BYTES 32BYTES 31BYTER8 R8C1C2R6
R8C1C2R6
R8
C1C2R5S1
R8S2D7
C12 CONFIGURATION
500 MICROSECONDS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 54
PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION
• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS =1023
• JUSTIFICATION BITS=6
• OPPORTUNITY BITS=2
• FIXED STUFF BITS =57
• IN 500 MICROSECONDS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 55
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0B1D1
E1D2
F1D2
B2 B2 B2 K1
D5D8
D11
D4
D7D10S1
K2D6D9
D12
E2M1RSOH: ROWS 1-3MSOH: ROWS 5-9BYTES LOCATION FOR STM-N: IDENTIFIED BY S(a,b,c);
a=row; b=column; c=depth.
DESCRIPTION OF OVERHEADS BYTES
POINTER
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 56
A1 & A2 FRAMING BYTES; A1=11110110, A2=00101000
J0 &Z0 J0 at S(1,7,1) USED AS SECTION ACCESS POINTIDENTIFIER USING A 16-BYTE FRAME.Z0 at S(1,7,2) - S(1,7,N) RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
B1 BIP-8; FOR REGN. SECTION ERROR MONITORING
E1 ORDERWIRE IN REGN. SECTION
F1 USER CHANNEL TO PROVIDE DATA/VOICE CONNECTION FOR MTCE PURPOSES.
D1-D3 DCC FOR REGN. SECTION (192 kbps)
DESSCRIPTION OF SECTION OVERHEADS BYTES
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 57
Thank you.