SDMS US EPA REGION V -1

SOME IMAGES WITHIN THISDOCUMENT MAY BE ILLEGIBLE

DUE TO BAD SOURCEDOCUMENTS.

FINAL REPORT

OF

SEISMIC SURVEY

AT

CLIFF/DOW DUMP SITE

BY

THE CLEVELAND-CLIFFS IRON COMPANY

JUNE, 1983

oooo;

e0.c2-7y ,-T--

G. A. DAWE. GENERAL MANAGER. MINESE. G. BEINLICH. MANAGER. TECHNICAL SERVICESB. C. FORSBEHC. MANAGEH. ADMINISTRATION

504 SPRUCE STREETISHPEMINS. MICHIGAN 49649PHONE 906-486-9941

June 30, 1983

Mr. Michael EtelamakiCity EngineerCity of Marquette300 W. Baraga St.Marquette, Michigan 49855

Dear Mike:

Enclosed is the Final Report of the seismic survey which

was done by Cleveland-Cliffs at the Cliff/Dow dump site.

Sincerely,

£William R. LehmannAdministrator-Environmental Affai rs

WRLiak

cc: P. M. FerriganFile 37.9

1.00 INTRODUCTION

A seismic refraction survey was performed at the Cliff/Dow Dump Site

within the City of Marquette to measure the velocity of,-and depth to,

overburden and bedrock discontinuities.

A total of 4,650 linear feet of profile was completed on May 10-11,

1983. Results of the survey are an aid for evaluation of the depth

to bedrock as well as the velocities of the overburden materials.

2.00 EXPLORATION METHOD

A multi-conductor seismic cable with twelve pre-determined "take-out"

locations is .placed in a straight line on the ground. Length of the

cable is a function of the depth to, and nature of, subsurface materials.

For this survey, total cable length for each line was 200 feet with

"take-out" stations at 10- and 20-foot intervals.

Seismometers (called "geophones") are firmly placed in the ground at

each station and clipped to the cable. The geophones are approximately

three inches in height by two inches in diameter and mounted on a three-

inch spike to permit a firm coupling with the ground. Explosive charges

are placed in shallow, small-diameter holes (ll« inch diameter, 3-4 feet

deep) at four locations along the cable including each end and sixty

feet from each end. One-half or one stick of 1-1/8 inch by 8-inch

dynamite and an "instant" electric blasting cap are loaded into each

hole and the remaining space is tightly tamped with stemming material

to obtain maximum transmission of explosive energy through the ground.

- 2 -

When placement of geophones and loading of explosives are completed, each

charge is detonated by a self-contained, capacitor-discharging blasting

box and shot wire located at the central recording unit. Ground vibrations

(called "seismic waves") are generated by the detonation and detected by

each geophone. The seismic wave causes the electromagnetic components of

the geophone to vibrate which creates a voltage of varying frequency and

magnitude. The variations are transmitted to the recording unit through

the multi-conductor seismic cable.

Base station unit is an SIE, Model RS-4, 12-channel Refraction Seismograph.

Low voltage signal variations can be amplified up to 10,000 times; gain

adjustments balance background ground vibration with maximum amplification

of the seismic signal. The amplified signal is recorded on "direct-rite"

photographic paper using a light beam for each geophone as exposed through

a galvanometric mirror system. As the paper is fed through the recorder,

concurrent timing lines are flashed at hundredth-of-a-second (0.010 seconds)

intervals. A thirteenth galvanometer records "zero time" at the instant tho

electric current is sent through the blasting wire to detonate the explosive.

The four records from each line are labeled and combined with a field note

to provide the permanent record for interpretation. The field note shows

necessary information such as surface topography, wind conditions, and

amount, depth, and locations of explosive charges.

3.00 INTERPRETATION

Each record is analyzed to determine arrival time of the initial seismic

wave at each geophone. With timing lines every hundredth of a second anil

paper feed of approximately two inches per second, arrivals can be

determined to the nearest thousandth of a second (0.001 seconds).

Distance from detonatation to each geophone is known and therefore

a time-versus-distance graph is constructed for each record. -

Initial sharp deflections are caused by the transmission of the

compressional wave through the near-surface material. Deflections*j

at geophones further away from the shot may be caused by refracted jI

waves at higher velocity from deeper subsurface interfaces. If the }

length of cable is sufficient, refracted waves from bedrock will tl

overtake all arrivals from overburden. ~~-

"Best-fit" lines are drawn through the points on a time-distance J* •

graph and the slope of the lines is the recorded velocities of ^

direct and refracted subsurface materials. Velocity ratio is com-

bined with the distance from the shot at which the higher velocity

overtakes the lower velocity to calculate the depth to subsurface

interfaces at the shot. Calculations are performed at each shot

point resulting in a subsurface profile beneath the seismic line.

4.00 LOCATION OF SEISMIC LINES

The locations of the seismic lines are shown on Sheet 1. Vines \ to

7 were profiled in and around the Dump Site. Lines 8 and 9 were

-placed parallel to the Dead River between County Road 550 and the

River.

Prior to the field work, all lines were surveyed and located by a

~ survey crew from the City Engineers Office of the City of Marquette.

- 4 -

5.00 RESULTS

5.01 General

Ground surface profiles along all centerlines were drawn from

surveying results.

Sheets 2 to 4 show subsurface profiles along all the seismic lines.

As noted on the profile sheets, numbers below ground surface repre-

sent speed of seismic waves in feet per second. Generalized material

classifications are presented below:

Velocity(feet/second) Generalized Identification

500 - 1,000 loose overburden and/or rubble fill

1,000 - 2,000 overburden - unconsolidated, unsaturated

2,000 - 4,000 overburden - moderately compact, unsaturated

(higher velocities may indicate a glacial

till)

4,000 - 4,800 overburden - moderately compact (higher

velocities may indicate a partially saturated

material)

4,800 - 5,200 overburden - saturated (permeability and/or

transmissivity cannot be determined)*.

5,200 - 6,500 overburden - more compact (may be saturated;

in this area, higher velocities generally

indicate a dense" glacial till)

6,500 - 9,000 very dense overburden ("hardpan") or weathered

rock

10,000 - 16,000 bedrock - sound and unweathered

- 5 -

5.02 Lines 1. 2, 3

Lines 1, 2, and 3 were profiled across the dump site and the sub-

surface profiles are shown on Sheet 2. Depth to bedrock ranges

from a minimum of 6 feet at line 2, station 3+70, to a maximum of

82 feet at line 3, station 1+55. Velocities of the overburden

materials indicate the presence of loose soil and/or fill. In

some areas, the combination of overburden velocities make the

refracted arrivals from bedrock uncertain and therefore the

depth to bedrock is shown as dashed lines.

5.03 Lines 4, 5, 6, 7

Lines 4, 5, 6, and 7 were profiled around the perimeter of the

dump site.

Beneath line 4, depth to bedrock ranges from 30 feet at station

6+00 to 53 feet at station 4+25. Overburden velocities indicate

a near-surface unsaturated and unconsolidated material with a

velocity of 1,000 feet/second. A second layer with velocity

range of 4,000-6,200 feet/second is characteristic of a partially

to totally saturated material with some compaction and consolidation.

Along line 5, overburden velocities indicate unconsolidated material

with a velocity range of 1,000-1,500 feet/second. A second layer

with a velocity of 3,500-4,500 feet/second is a core compact but

not totally saturated material. From stations 5+70 to 6+90, in-

terpretation is uncertain.

Beneath line 6, overburden velocities are characteristic of loose

fill (800 feet/second), unconsolidated soil (1,000-1,500 feet/

- 6 -

second), and more compact, partially saturated material (4,500

" feet/second). Depth to bedrock ranges from 6 feet at station 1+05

to 74 feet at station 6+00.

On line 7, the overburden velocity range of 4,700-5,300 feet/

second indicates the possible presence of totally saturated over-

burden. Depth to bedrock ranges from 10 feet at station 6+00 to

48 feet at station 2+20.

5.04 Lines 8, 9

Lines 8 and 9 were profiled south of County Road 550 and parallel

to the Dead River. Depth to bedrock ranges from 7 feet at line 8,

station 0+00 and line 9, station 5+40 to 51 feet at line 9, station

0+80. The overburden velocity range of 4,500-5,500 feet/second may

indicate the presence of saturated material.

6.00 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Seismic survey was performed as an aid both to determine depth to bed-

rock and the velocity of the overburden materials.

Nature of subsurface overburden and bedrock material cannot be determined

directly from seismic results. Drill hole information is necessary for«t

material correlation.

6/27/83PMF/oab

SEISMIC SURVEY

CLIFF/DOW DUMP SITEBY

THE CLEVELAND-CLIFFS IRON CO. -4-

iCALI: I" • 100 FCCT j

JUNE l»83 SHEET I OF 4 >

V13/

'?/...^sias. .

'C96| . 3Nflf

.V.3S

3 ID. 3Hi.

• •' : . .

: : 1 i. '. '. '. . ' . I . . '.' . . ' . ' . ' . . ' . ' . I

: . • : . .. .

- •

.._.__.;__.„ ._{._.._.__..._).._...

S :33H 130.13 n»: JION

. 1 . . . . . . . . . . .

::r"h:~~~fTT~:-"

00

o o » o

•05

tL + fi&O

- El 4--60«>-

i 9

—— —— —— .

ISOOO

~:'".'" '. .

. . 4

. . . . . . . . (

" : ' : : . : ! : • ' • : • . ' : :' . . ! ' . ' " . ' . ' i " ' ! ' . '

i . . . . . . . . . .

i . . . . .

. . .

t o o . . . . . . : . ; :

—————— -.--—.. UI_, . —— .1 ——— -,4S')0- SbOO ^_^_

.r • • IX". : !•>'..

. . . . .

• : : • ; • ; • • . . : : ; • • ! : ' : ' : : : ;

:

i . .

. . . ' . ' . . . .

iUBSUPFACE VELOCITIES, s

. . . . . j . . . . .. . .

: : . . j ' :. i . '. . .

. . . . . | . . . . .: : : : : . . : . j . : : ; • ' : .• • : . . . • • : ! • • • • ' . • :- . - . • 1 . . , :

• ; ; 1 . ; • . ; . : .. . ( . . . . . .

i : : : . : ! ' . : - . . ; ;: : • • • : : j : , . : : : . : .i: ' . ' . - . ' . ' . \ : ''."':'.O*N IN FEET /SECOND : :

- t • • • •. . i . . . . . .

. : : ; : :

: : . : : : . : a.—..—. .- -r. .......... ... -

—-"^ "

: ' : . ' . ' . ' , .

•ii H'oo"

. . . . . . . . .

. . . ,

: ' : ' ; •

00 . . •

•

. El.,-*- 600

. . . . . .

• ; - i : : ; ; ; : : - - - l - - -

: :'. "•. . . '

. .

: • ' ' :,

- • •

. . . . .... . . .t

. . . . j . . .' ; • L . '. . . ' . ' , [ ' ' ' .

' : : :. . . . . . . .

. . : . : : : :. . . . .

. . . . . . . .

•

. . .

.

: ' . : • ' :

: : : : • ; : : :

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . L . . .

. . . . . 1 . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. .

: : • ; : • - .

. i . ; .,

• : : : : : - - s t:r" r : 1 - : : :: • : :Ct!FFy. . . . . . . .

:THE :CLEV: : : • '.SCALE

ONE: 1983 .

. . . . .: • : : • : : :

ISMIC SUR

f PQW DUM• • • • -BY

:LAND 7 .CLIJivsorr: nir:- sort., v

. . . . . . .

*

VEY : : • • :

p SITE ; :

FS: JRON:C (

)RiZONTAL : ".RTIOAL . ; ;SHEET A Of

1

: ' : ' • • ' . • '

. . . . . . . . .

. . .

a;*1

ISaIla

iiIfl9II

t

i i ' -Vytjlltf'l1(Hl|

I

iJd«i*'P

1 . . .. 1 .

. . ! . . . . ' . 4

— ._. . ... ———— .

1 3600 ; ; ; ;

00 ..

EL +

.

. .t

4+00

—I __rrrr! i-—— _ _ _ _ _ _ J 2 C O

-' """ " ~\~~ ~~~ -^ ' 7 ALT

- --- —— -->---

-P400D . . ; • • •

^. .•

.

.

;o. .6-SO - - - - - -

. . .

-

-

. ,

. . .0

. . .

- - ••

• i ' • : i : • . i. 1 .

i . 94-00 . :

!• •

....... j . . . . . , ii

\

. . .

i . . .'E SURFACE VELOCITIES sHojrtN IN FEET /{SECOND

ii

bo : . : . : :

"r7~n~~~i7

.oo : ,

• . i . . . . . .

: : : : ; : : : :

"^^

. . .

":.-r."r.. .

.

_^:j«ooo : :. . r

. . . u i h

2

i B O Q -: 1000 •— -— -~~-*—^<'

• 't *V' ' ^^ t

. . 15000

: , : LIN

. . . . . . ' ^ ^

f c - * ; ; . - : :oo : . . . :

•^i- 2500

zobb — iok. ' ' ' i:>———

. . . . . . .J

' ' 1

, •

E : • » : : . • :

•oo . . : . : .: ; 1000 ±

. . . . .

. .

•

t

• . . .

i1 . . .:

. .4800 4 6200: .| . . . .

. .

- . .

__„ -_ ,^- .-»

•

•. . . .

. . .

10000 -I20QC

•

. . . . . . t

. ; : . ' \

. i' . ' , ' . : ' . ' . t

:f . ^-^Jo : '/.\- -.-•••/- — -

' "^

• • • : • i : : - . • ' .\

I . .

: ' i . : :

i i •

,'••••. '. . ' , ' '- '-I ' •

.

.

.

• • • . :: . . . . .

. . . .

. : : : " ! •

. 3+70 . 4

: : ; : ; : ' . : :

. . . . . . .

;

• . : , .

. . : : . .4

00 .. . .• EL- + 65O

, .

—— EL— 1-600

.1

. . : . . . .

' . . ' . .

00

— EL-+650-

•\' 4000 J-.X^ .450.0 ; . . . .

• •. . .

.

•

. .

. . .

. . . . . .. . .

i . . . ,

ISMIC SURVEY ! . :

CLIFF/ DOW DUNBY

THE .CLEVELAND- CLII.

, . SOLE

JUNE 198}

.[• 60 FT Hi ^SOFT V

! ! '. . '.

IP SITE

TS IRON C<

SHttWMTAi;**-ERTICAL

SHEfit 2 of

>. ; . . :

. . . . .4 • :

•m• >• i M>f.*