37
Sea (Bulk) Transport Anton Hutten MVO course, June 2016 1
Sea (Bulk) Transport
Anton Hutten
MVO course, June 2016
1
2
Topics
commodity
restrictions
previous cargo
positive release
Code of Practices
Topics
commodity oils and fats and its supply chain
sea transport and transport related activities
quality restrictions
EU regulations for seed oils and tropical oils (previous cargo’s)
different previous cargo lists
importance of coating
food safety & quality
positive release & risks related to heating systems, pumps and piping
bulk transport within the EU
FEDIOL Code of Practices (CoP’s)
3
Commodity oils
sunflower rape/canola palm & palm kernelsoy
4 major vegetable oils = 85% of market share8%
15%
27%35%
15% sunflower
rape
soy
palm
4
5
Commodity oils
6
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
140,0
160,0
00/01 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16
Oils & Fats - World Production (million tonnes)
Palm Soy Rape Sunnflower
Supply chain of commodity oils and fats
Sea Transport
.
Vessels, up to:
200 meters and,
55.000 mt.
7
Supply chain of commodity oils and fats
Country of Origin
land tank/silo storage
tankers / bulk
refinery
Sea Transport Arrival in EU
8
9
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16
Oils & Fats - World Exports (million tonnes)
Palm Soy Sunflower Palmkernel Coconut Rape
Supply chain of commodity oils and fats
Vegetable oils account for 1/3 of the chemical tanker trade (million tonnes)
Supply chain of commodity oils and fats
Flow Chart & Risk Analyses
11
Available for:
coconut
palm (palm kernel)
rape
soy
sunflower
Available from:
FOOD
&
FEED
Quality restrictions
Commodity contracts are international trading contracts with basic
quality requirements
Example: FOSFA standard contract # 81
Palm and Palm Kernel Oil Products, CIF terms
crude
neutralized and bleached (NB)
refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD)
fatty acids
The Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Associations Ltd.
A professional international contract issuing and arbitral body concerned exclusively
with the world trade in oilseeds, oils and fats.
12
Example: PORAM Standard Specifications for Processed Palm Oil products
Crude
RBD
* Molecular Weight of Palmitic Acid is taken as 256
+ Slip Point, Softening Point or Rising Point
# Colour measurement based on Tintometer Model ‘E’ AF 900 and Model ‘D’ AF 702
Quality restrictions
13
Sea transport & transport related
activities
activities at country of origin
what happens during transport
activities at EU arrival
14
Activities at country of origin
sampling of shore tank(s) by superintendents (surveyors)
perform contract analysis at FOSFA approved laboratory
check of ship conditions by superintendents
o previous cargo’s
o maiden voyage
o document control
loading
sampling of loaded ship tank(s) by superintendents (pre-shipment samples)
sea transport
15
What happens during transport
MT KINAROS
RECORD OF CARGO TEMPERATURE
Temp. given: Top / Mid / bottom / average
TK
C
A
R
G
O LOAD TEMP TEMP LOAD TEMP HEATING REMARKS
PASSAGE DISCH TEMP LEVEL 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ON/OFF
R R R
1P 91% 48.5 Top 48.5 47.2 46.1 45.7 44.8 44.2 43.8 cargo
C.P.O. 32 - 40 50 - 55 48.2 Mid 48.2 47.1 46.0 45.3 44.8 44.1 43.8 circulation
PASIR GUDANG 47.9 Bottom 47.9 44.9 45.9 43.8 44.4 43.6 42.3
2804.274 MT average 48.2 #### #### #### 48.2 46.4 46.0 44.9 44.7 44.0 43.3 ####
1S 91% 48.3 Top 48.3 47.0 46.1 45.6 44.9 44.2 43.8 cargo
C.P.O. 32 - 40 50 - 55 48.0 Mid 48.0 46.8 46.1 45.1 44.8 44.1 43.8 circulation
PASIR GUDANG 47.7 Bottom 47.7 44.5 46.0 43.6 43.9 43.5 42.5
2803.876 MT average 48.0 #### #### #### 48.0 46.1 46.1 44.8 44.5 43.9 43.4 ####
3P 93% 46.6 Top 46.6 46.0 45.6 45.1 44.8 44.8 44.7 44.2 43.7 43.4 cargo
C.P.O. 32 - 40 50 - 55 46.5 Mid 46.5 45.8 45.4 45.0 44.6 44.4 44.1 44.0 43.7 43.4 circulation
DUMAI C 46.4 Bottom 46.4 44.5 44.3 44.1 44.0 43.4 43.2 42.9 42.8 42.4
4000.994 MT average 46.5 46.5 45.4 45.1 44.7 44.5 44.2 44.0 43.7 43.4 43.1 ####
4190.537 MT average #REF! #### #### #### #### #### #### #### #### #### #### ####
3659.701 MT average #REF! #### #### #### #### #### #### #### #### #### #### ####
Sea water temperature °C 29.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 29.0 29.0 28.0 29.0 29.0 29.0
Air temperature °C 31.0 34.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 31.0 32.0 34.0 29.0 32.0
Temperature at 08:00(Ship's time)
Remark:
Before unloading the product shall be
reheated to FOSFA unloading temperature
16
Actions at EU arrival
check of ship conditions and previous cargo’s by superintendents
measurement height (volume) in ship tank (indication)
sampling of ship tank(s)
positive release
o perform safety analysis at approved laboratory
o perform maiden voyage analysis (optional)
contract analysis at approved laboratory
unloading of ship (captain – receiver – superintendents)
measure height (volume) in shore tank(s)
17
EU regulations
EU Directives
Sea transport regulation EU 579/2014
replacing 96/3/EC, concerning the transport of bulk liquid oils
and fats by sea
derogation for sea transport of oils and fats of certain provisions
Annex II to Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004
Annex = LIST OF ACCEPTABLE PREVIOUS CARGOES
18
Different previous cargo lists
Renewed EU 1 list
19
EU regulations
EU Regulation – conditions for derogation (1)
oils and fats to be processed
not exclusively reserved for the transport of foodstuffs
permitted when transported:
o in a stainless steel tank or,
o in a tank lined with epoxy resin or technical equivalent
o when the immediately previous cargo transported in the tank:
is a foodstuff or,
is on the list of acceptable previous cargoes
Renewed EU 1 list
20
EU regulations
EU Regulation - conditions for derogation (2)
oils and fats to be processed
not exclusively reserved for the transport of foodstuffs
permitted when transported:
o in a tank of other materials
when all three previous cargoes transported in the tanks have
been foodstuffs or
are on the list of acceptable previous cargoes
Renewed EU 1 list
21
EU regulations
EU Regulation - conditions for derogation (3)
oils and fats for direct consumption
permitted when transported:
o in a stainless steel tank or,
o in a tank lined with epoxy resin or technical equivalent
o the three previous cargos transported in the tank:
have been foodstuffs
22
Positive release
CCP analysis on ship tanks (from representative composite sample)
mineral oil
o hydrocarbons C10 - C24 (gasoil)
o hydrocarbons C10 - C56 (gasoil and high viscosity oil)
poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s)
o benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)
o 4 PAH Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Chrysene
23
Different previous cargo lists
EU Regulation (renewed EU 1 list)
list of acceptable previous cargoes (Annex EU 579/2014)
FOSFA
list of banned immediate previous cargoes
list of acceptable previous cargoes
Codex: Recommended international code of practice for the storage and
transport of edible fats and oils in bulk, CAC/RCP 36 - 1987
(Last revision 2015)
Codex list of banned immediate previous cargoes
Codex list of acceptable previous cargoes
NIOP National Institute of Oilseed Products
24
Different previous cargo lists
List of banned immediate previous cargoes (April 1st 2016)
List of substances which are banned under FOSFA contract terms as the immediate previous cargo in tanks into which the subject cargo is to be loaded in order to limit the risk of contamination.
(trade under "Banned List" terms)
List of acceptable previous cargoes (January 1st 2015)
List of substances which are acceptable under FOSFA contract terms as previous cargoes in tanks into which the subject cargo is to be loaded as they are considered an unlikely contamination risk.
(trade under "Acceptable List" terms)
http://www.fosfa.org/
25
Codex
The Codex Alimentarius (Latin for "food book")
The Codex Alimentarius Commission, established by FAO and
WHO in 1963 develops harmonized international food standards,
guidelines and codes of practice to protect the health of the
consumers and ensure fair trade practices in the food trade.
http://www.codexalimentarius.org
26
Effect of coating “Maiden voyage”
The maiden voyage, is the first voyage of a ship
Coating practices
stainless steel tanks will not be coated
mild steel tanks are coated with specialized coatings
o lined with epoxy resin
o lined with zinc silicate
(not for crude oils with acid value > 1)
new coating is often used with vegetable oil transport
o the purpose is to harden the coating
positive release is the control measure for maiden voyage deliveries
27
28
Effect of coating “Maiden voyage”
29
Effect of coating “Maiden voyage”
Hydrocarbons
Testing on Hydro carbons
C10 – C56
A contaminated batch by hydrocarbons of mineral origin of sunflower oil from the Ukraine was discovered on 23 April 2008 by the French authorities.
C10 –C24 (gasoil) only for Crude Palm Oil
A partnership agreement (Dutch, Malaysian and Indonesian government)
Rising number of questions with respect to MOSH & MOAH!
MOSH (Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbon), chain and ring-shaped.
MOAH (Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbon), predominately alkylated polycyclic.
MOSH & MOAH are Mineral Oils Hydrocarbons,
Mineral oils, diesel, white mineral oil, anti dust, transport, processing, jute bags, inks
Mandatory testing has stopped !
30
Risks related to heating systems, pumps and piping
Contamination
mixing with chemicals and impurities
intermixing mixing with other types of oil
Overheating – Quality issues
hydrolysis down grading of triglycerides to free fatty acids
oxidation of oils reaction with oxygen from air
Partial hard stearine at the tank bottom
fractionation separation between hard and soft triglycerides
overheating oxidation high peroxide
Every 10°C oxidation rate doubles !
31
Bulk transport within the EU
FOR FOODSTUFFS ONLY!
32
Practical guide for previous cargo(es)
Means of Transport Tank Lining Last Cargo Restrictions
drums & cover MS coated oils and fats
road & tank containers SS foodstuffs
rail & barge tanks MS, MS coated & SS foodstuffs
33
Means of Transport Tank Lining Last Cargo Restrictions
drums & cover MS coated oils and fats
road & tank containers SS foodstuffs
rail & barge tanks MS, MS coated & SS foodstuffs
rail & barge tanks MS oils and fats
For direct use
To be processed
Fediol CoP 14COD153 26.06.2014
MS = Mild Steel SS = Stainless Steel
Fediol list of foodstuffs
34
Fediol CoP 07COD140 22.12.2011
Kosher/Halal MOH (MOSH)
FEDIOL Codes of Practice
Code of practice (professional ethics)
Provide a clear account of what behavior is considered "ethical" or
"correct" or "right" in the circumstances.
Example
35
FEDIOL Codes of Practice
Examples of FEDIOL Codes of Practice (CoP’s)
management of mineral oil hydrocarbons presence in vegetable oils and fats
intended for food uses
the safety of vegetable oils and fats products for feed and food with regard to
dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs
purchase and use conditions of fresh bleaching earth and filter aids for
vegetable oils and fats refineries and integrated plants
transport in bulk of oils into or within the European Union
And many more @ http://www.fediol.eu
2016
2016
2014
2015
36
Anton Hutten, Global QA/QC Manager
Any Questions?
Thank you for your attention
37
