The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Nuno Gaspar de Oliveira CIGEST | Environment & Sustainability, ISG | Business &

Economics School

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP Effects of Marine Renewables and other marine

uses on Biodiversity – Atlantic Area 20th November, 2012

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

CIGEST Environment and Sustainability | ISG Business & Economics School• developing cross-sectorial projects that promote applied sustainability • projects and programs and to provide training, skills and knowledge in the multiple

fields of sustainability • developing an offer of international short term academies and post-graduation

courses in areas where sustainability is gaining relevance, such as the sea economy or post-GDP accounting systems.

Nuno Gaspar de Oliveira • Biologist, specialized in applied ecology, works since 1998 on the theme of

biodiversity, ecosystems and sustainable management, primarily in the areas of agriculture, forestry and protected areas.

• Researcher in CIGEST, ISG Business & Economics School R&D Centre, coordinator and project planner/manager of the area of Environment & Sustainability,

• Lectures Economy of Energy and Natural Resources. • PhD student at the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (UNL) in the area of

Geography, Territorial Planning and Biodiversity.

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Figura 2. Vulnerabilidade ambiental das populações (UNEP et al., 2012b)

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Figura 4. Evolução da produção de petróleo offshore(www.petrobras.com.br)

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Figura 6. Impacte económico do desastre petrolífero da BP no Golfo do México para as populações do Sul do Mississipi, EUA

(www.usm.edu)

Figura 5. Manifestações ao desastre petrolífero da BP em 2010 (www.blackenterprise.com)

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

$3.5 billion: The daily gross metropolitan product of New York City.>1,000 miles (1609.344 km): Sandy's diameter.$2.7 Trillion: The insured value of coastal properties in New York

Fig. 3: Estimated Value Of Insured Coastal Properties Vulnerable To Hurricanes By State, 2012

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

2 November 2012 | When New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg endorsed Barrack Obama’s reelection bid on Thursday, he did more than just embrace the scientific consensus on climate change. He also demonstrated an awareness of the fact that our entire economy is embedded in – and dependent on – nature.

Locally, the awareness has been manifest in a debate over whether or not to build sea gates off the New York shore, but it really goes much deeper than that. In the weeks and months ahead, we can expect to hear more about the need to revive the planet's once reliable “green infrastructure” – and, in New York's case, that means replenishing the salt marshes that once acted as natural surge protectors, restoring the wetlands that once provided water filtration and flood control, and righting the rivers and streams that once dealt so effectively with stormwater runoff. New York City has already taken steps in this direction. Over the past two years, it launched both an ambitious “green infrastructure” plan aimed at rivers and streams, and a wetlands strategy aimed at salt marshes and wetlands. Such natural elements are often better at protecting the coast because they don't muscle storm surges but rather absorb them. They also tend to be cheaper to build and maintain than are massive engineering works, and they're almost always prettier to look at. Done right, they can even pay for themselves over time.http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/article.page.php?page_id=9401&section=news_articles&eod=1

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The value of wetland ecosystem services in Louisiana has been estimated at $8,437 to $15,763 per acre (Farber, 1996).

Great Lakes Region: Estimating Non-Market Values of Coastal MarshesSaginaw Bay of Lake Huron, Michigan, is rich in resources that support agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, outdoor recreation and habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. Each year Saginaw Bay wetlands provide $16 million of non-market benefits to recreational users, yielding a total value of $239 million (NOAA CSC, 2009).

Gulf of Mexico Region: The Value of a Coastal WetlandThe Barataria-Terrebonne estuarine system of wetlands is a valuable source of oil and gas, fishing, hunting, and wildlife viewing. Economic benefits accruing from recreational activities ranged from $327 million to $1 billion. The commercial economy was about $3.5 billion (of which about $2.3 million was from oil and gas production). Other wetland services on an annual per-acre basis include protection from hurricane damage ($186), storm surges ($280 to $904), damage to the water supply ($84 to $157), and property losses from inundation ($6,599 to $7,116) (NOAA CSC, 2009).

Pacific Northwest Region: Flood Protection in the Chehalis BasinIn the Chehalis River Basin, Washington, a valuation of 12 ecosystem services shows a range of economic benefits between $1.3 and $11.6 billion in value to citizens every year (Earth Economics, 2010).

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Environmental impacts of the selected Blue Growth economic activities. Grey areas indicate the potential impacts of the economic activities mentioned, white areas indicate that no impacts are expected.

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

http://www.unep.org/ieacp/graphic.aspx?f=grb/fig5-19.jpg

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Framework for identifying revenue opportunities from coral reef beneficiaries, WorldFish Center | Economic Valuation and Policy Priorities for Sustainable Management of Coral Reefs

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The loss of potential economic benefits in the global fishery, due to fish stock depletion and over-capacity, is estimated at US$ 50 billion per yearCumulative global loss of net benefits from inefficient global fisheries 1974-2007: US$ 2 trillion

World Bank, FAO, 2008: “The Sunken Billions – The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform”

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

The plan will see the numbers of marine reserves off the Australian coast increased from 27 to 60.

The fishing industry is set to receive hundreds of millions of dollars in compensation, reports say.Some have also noted that oil and gas exploration continue to be allowed near some protected areas, particularly off western Australia.The Australian Conservation Foundation said that although the plan didn't go as far as they would like, it was a major achievement in terms of ocean conservation.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18437040

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Ecologically, financially and politically, the present model of overconsumption funded by over-concentrated leverage is unsustainable. Indeed, to replicate the existing unsustainable financial model in the emerging markets may invite a bigger global crisis. Sustainable finance hinges on sustainable business and on a more inclusive, greener, sustainable environment. Financial leaders need to address a world where consumption and investment will fundamentally change.

To arrive at a greener and more inclusive, sustainable world, there will be profound changes in lifestyles, with greener products, supply chains and distribution channels. Social networking is changing consumer and investor feedback so that industry, including finance, will become more networked and more attuned to demographic and demand changes. As community leaders, finance should lead that drive for a more inclusive, sustainable future.

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

SeaconomicsEnvironmental Management

Fisheries and Aquiculture

Oil & GasAlternative

Energies

Policy and Decision makers

R&D

Land/Sea Use Planning

Maritime Law & Security

Tourism

The economic perspective of marine biodiversity

Nuno Gaspar de Oliveira | Researcher ‘CIGEST | Ambiente e Sustentabilidade ISG – Business & Economics School | nunogoliveira@cigest.ensinus.pt | Telefone: 21 751 37 00 ext. 127

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