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Stalin’s Soviet UnionHow did Stalin rise from an ordinary revolutionary to be the supreme leader of the Soviet Union?
Part 1
RecallUSSR (Russia) was not invited to the Paris Peace Conference as the rest did not trust themThey were COMMUNISTS
How did Russia
become Communist?
Map of Russian Empire
Russian EmpireVery very very LARGEStretched from Europe to AsiaMajority of population were Russian-speaking
Small groups of ethnic minorities
Ruled by monarchy (Romanov family) for 400 yearsRuled by the Tsar – Nicholas II
Russian EmpireEntered the war in 1914 on the Allies (Britain and France) sideBy 1917, Russia was struggling with a terrible winter and keeping up with war efforts
People were unhappy with the losses of war and poor economic and living conditions
They soon lost confidence in the government and the ruler
February Revolution 1917
Feb 1917, people started protesting and went on strikeWorkers refused to work
They were joined by the Russian Army
February Revolution 1917
Watch this video about the February Revolution
February RevolutionLost the support of the peopleNicholas II abdicated (give up power)Provisional Government came to power
Workers, soldiers, peasants still unhappy as they wanted change and powers of decision making
They formed their own group and called themselves SOVIETS
BUT
October RevolutionProvisional Government had refused to pull Russia out of WW1Unable to control the revolutionary forces
Overthrown by BOLSHEVIKS led by Lenin and Trotsky on 25th Oct 1917They wanted the soviets in power
Civil War 1917 - 1922
The RED ARMY
- Created by Bolshevik Government
- Supported by the peasants
- More support- Better military
skills- COMMUNIST
The WHITES
- anti-communists
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Bolsheviks formally declared themselves USSR in 1922Bolsheviks change to Communist Party
Under Lenin ruled by one-party government
Feb 1917 –
People unhappy
with the Tsar.Protest and
Strikes Oct 1917 – People still unhappy. Lenin led
Bolsheviks to overthrow
government
Feb 1917 –
Tsar abdicated, Provisional
Government took over
Oct 1917 – 1922 Civil war. Reds VS Whites. Reds won.
Oct 1922 –
USSR formed
Timeline of events
Communism
USSR
CommunismA system of social organisation where ALL property is owned by the COMMUNITYEvery person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.Every one is equal
Who are the main supporters of Communism?
Karl Marx’s TheoryPrimitive Communism
Shared resourcesHunting as a groupTribal, leader is strongest warrior
Slave SocietyLarger populationClass appears – ruling class and slave class
Karl Marx’s TheoryFeudalism
Aristocracy – ruled by kings and queensReligious ruleNation-state
CapitalismMarket economyPrivate propertyWagesParliamentary democracy (secretly controlled by the rich)
Karl Marx’s TheorySocialism
Workers overthrow capitalistsWorker awarded based on contribution
COMMUNISMStatelessnessClasslessness (everyone work for everyone)Propertylessness
China
North Korea
Vietnam and Laos
Cuba
Feb 1917 –
People unhappy
with the Tsar.Protest and
Strikes Oct 1917 – People still unhappy. Lenin led
Bolsheviks to overthrow
government
Feb 1917 –
Tsar abdicated, Provisional
Government took over
Oct 1917 – 1922 Civil war. Reds VS Whites. Reds won.
Oct 1922 –
USSR formed
Timeline of events
USSR (1919-1924 period)
Creation of the POLITBURO in 19197 people at the top of the Communist PartyKey-decision making team
Under Lenin and the Politburo, USSR underwent a process of centralisation and bureaucratisation
By 1924, centralised one-party authoritarian government
Centralisation
Politburo
USSRThe Communist Party controlled ALL aspects of governmentNationalisation and control of key industries, agriculture and railway systems
Think:Is
Nationalisation a good or bad
system?
Why?
USSRMeasures made to ensure complete control
Cheka (Secret police)Banned opposition parties, members arrestedControlled media through state-run newspaper PravdaBanned newspapers that criticised the state