Sec$on 34-‐3 An Interdependent World
Free Trade in the Global Economy
• 1970s – trade deficits – buying more than we are selling to other countries
• Focus on “Free Trade” – Pros – Cons
Efforts to move toward Free Trade • NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) – Free trade between US, Mexico, & Canada
• WTO (World Trade Organiza$on) – Mediates between the US, European Union, & APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Coopera$on)
Issues of Global Concern • Nuclear prolifera$on – US placed sanc$ons on countries that were trying to make nukes
– Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1996 – Clinton signed, but Congress refused to ra$fy
Issues of Global Concern • The “hole” in the ozone layer – CFCs deplete the layer of air that protects earth from UV rays
– US cut produc$on of the chemical that’s used in refrigerators & ACs
Issues of Global Concern
• Global Warming – Could lead to droughts & extreme weather – Could be caused by carbon dioxide from factories & power plants
– Kyoto Protocol, 1997 – 38-‐na$on treaty to reduce emissions. The US par$cipated in nego$a$ons, but Congress did not sign
Sec$on 34-‐4 America Enters a New Century
2000s
The 2000 Elec$on
• Al Gore/Joseph Lieberman, Dem • George W. Bush/Dick Cheney, Rep • Ralph Nader, Green – Major issue: how to spend the budget surplus
Choosing the Winner • Gore won popular vote • Bush won electoral vote – Aher a manual recount in Florida (won by 537 votes) & 2 Supreme Court decisions
– chads!
George W. Bush as President
• 1.35 trillion tax cut to prevent recession • Standardized tes$ng of math & reading • Prescrip$on drug coverage for seniors • Enron – investors lost money due to poor accoun$ng & management
• Strategic defense – make missiles to shoot down incoming nukes
Sec$on 34-‐5 The War on Terrorism
Terrorism
• The use of violence by nongovernmental groups against civilians to ins$ll fear to achieve a poli$cal goal
• Why have there been so many akacks from the Middle East? – Oil – Israel
Terrorism in the 2000s • State-‐sponsored terrorism by Iran, Libya, Syria, Iraq
• Afghanistan – invaded by the USSR in 1979 – Osama bin Laden à moved there to help the Taliban resistance and organized al-‐Qaeda
– Used terrorist akacks to drive the US out of the Middle East
September 11, 2001 • 4 passenger planes hijacked & crashed into 2 World Trade Center towers, Pentagon, & a field in Pennsylvania
• The war on terror “will not end un$l every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, & defeated.”
Figh$ng Terrorism
• Froze assets of suspected terrorists
• Dept of Homeland Security – Combined Coast Guard, Border Patrol, INS, Customs, & FEMA in one agency
• USA Patriot Act – Allowed warrant-‐less, secret searches of terrorist suspects
The “Axis of Evil,” Jan. 2002
• Iraq – making weapons of mass destruc$on • Iran • North Korea – tested a nuke underground in 2006
The War in Iraq, 2003-‐2011 • The UN Security Council sent inspectors to Iraq to find chemical weapons – Found none, but US & GB wanted to invade to find & stop them
– France & Russia vetoed UN ac$on, so the “coali$on forces” akacked