SECOND QUARTER REVIEW

Know this stuff and you will pass ½ of the FINAL EXAM

Know the first review to pass the whole exam!

• How much of the Moon will ALWAYS be illuminated at one time by the sun

•HALF

• How much of the earth will be illuminated at one time by the sun on the first day of our summer?

•HALF

• Which direction is the North Pole pointed the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

•Toward the sun

• What place will receive twenty-four hours of DAYLIGHT on the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere.

•Artic Circle

• What place will receive twenty-four hours of DARKNESS on the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere.

•Antarctica (South Pole)

• What position on the earth gets the most direct sunlight on the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

• Tropic of cancer

• Why isn’t the moon visible from Earth during the new moon phase?

•The sun is lighting up the half of the moon that is pointed away from us

•On the first day of spring, how long will the sun be up in Aberdeen?

• 12 hours, just like everywhere else on Earth

• The moon’s gravity goes right through the earth. What effect does that have on our tides?

• It causes a lump of water to form on opposite sides of the earth, giving us 2 high tides a day

•Why do we have the highest tides when there is a new moon?

• Because the sun’s and the moon’s gravity are both pulling in the same direction

WHERE?

•ARTIC

WHERE?

•MARYLAND

WHERE?

•ANTARTICA

WHERE?

•38 degrees south of the Equator

•Australia

• What keeps Ireland’s temperature mild in the winter?

• What cools the temperatures of Labrador’s coast?

•The cold Labrador current

• Air that is warmed by the gulf stream

Warm Or Cold Air Mass

Definitions

• What does “maritime” mean?

• What does “polar” mean?

• What does “tropical” mean?

• What does “continental” mean?

Definitions• Maritime = pertaining to the sea

•Mariner, Marine

• Polar = pertaining to the poles

• Continental = Pertaining to the continent

• Tropical = Pertaining to the tropics

What will it be?Wet or Dry, Cold or

warm

• Maritime is ____________

• Continental is ____________

• Tropical is _____________

• Polar is ________________

• Why are most of the world’s air masses Maritime air masses?

•3/4 of the world is covered with WATER

Currents & Inversions

QUIZ PREP

• If very humid warm air hits very cold humid air, what kind of weather is most likely to occur?

Precipitation of some sort, depending on the temperature

• In a fluid mixture, (liquid or gas) the LEAST DENSE fluid --.

•Floats to the top

• If you mix 3 colored fluids together, how can you tell which one is the least dense?

•The one that floats to the top is the least dense

• What time if year is a temperature inversion most likely to occur in Denver?

•Late winter or early spring

• (Cold ground, and possibility of warm air from the desert

• What weather conditions do you need for an inversion to occur?

•Cold Ground

•Warm upper air from somewhere else

•Fairly calm air

• Why does the smoke stop rising in an inversion?

• As the smoke rises through the cold air it cools and becomes more dense. When it reaches the warm air the smoke is denser than the warm air and cannot float through it.

• For a temperature inversion to occur, Why must the ground be cold?

•The cold ground makes the air that touches it cold.

•How does the warm upper layer of air in a temperature inversion get there?

• It is heated in somewhere else and the wind carries it to the place of the inversion.

• What’s the most serious problem with temperature inversions?

• It holds in air pollution causes illness, deaths, and property damage

• What most directly controls the temperature of the lower air in a temperature inversion?

•The cold ground keeps robs the heat from the air that touches it.

•What is El Nino?

• An abnormal current that brings warm water to the coast of Northern South America from Australia

• Compare the weather in South America during El Nino to its normal weather.

• During El Nino the warm current brings hot humid air to South America from Australia. Normally, a cold current from Antarctica causes cool dry air to develop in the region

•What most directly starts and drives warm ocean currents?

•The Wind

• How does the sun cause warm currents to eventually sink in warmer parts of the world?

• It keeps heating the water until some of it evaporates causing the salt content to increase, making it too dense to float

• “it will snow FRIDAY” is extra points on the test

• In our experiment, what happened when we poured cold dyed water into a tube of warm water?

•It sank to the bottom

•In our experiment, when hot water is poured into cold, why did it float on top?

•The warm water was less dense than the cold water, so it floated.

• What happens when salt water is poured into cold water?

• It sank to the bottom because it was more dense than the cold water. (Salt is a rock, after all)

•How can we tell that muddy water is more dense than clean water?

•Because muddy water always sinks in clean water.

•How does El Nino effect the weather in the United States?

•It makes dry areas wet and wet areas dry

•The densest currents travel the ____

•Farthest and the fastest

• In our lab, the dense slurries slowed down as they traveled down the tube. Why is that different from muddy currents in the ocean?

• In the ocean, dense currents stir up the bottom sediments and become more dense as they travel, so they speed up as they go.

•Why does the smoke not rise through the warm layer of air at the top of an inversion?

•The smoke cools in the cold bottom air and becomes more dense than the warm upper air. The warm air floats on top of the smoke

When the slope is steeper, why do density currents travel fastest in the ocean, but slowest in our lab?

• In the lab the steeper we made the tube, the larger an area of the tube the slurry used. The upward current slowed the density current by bumping against it and by mixing with it to make it less dense.

• In the ocean, the displaced water simply moves out of the way.

•What are the smallest particles from which planets and stars are formed?

•Dust and Gas

•What is accretion?

• Accretion is when something builds up from many small pieces over time

What did the universe look like before the Big Bang?

•Nothing!•No matter, no light, no gravity, no time, no space, no nothing!

•About how long ago do scientists think the big bang occurred?

•A bit over 14.5 billion years ago

What would you see if you looked at the Big Bang 1 second after it started?

• NOTHING!

• The matter was so densely packed that not even light could escape.

•What did the Big Bang produce in the way of elements?

Only

Hydrogen

HeliumAnd very small amounts of

lithium and beryllium

•How long did it take for the first galaxies to form?

•About a billion years after the Bang

•What force caused the galaxies to form?

•GRAVITY

•Why do scientists believe that the universe we see is only 1% of the material that was produced by the big bang?

•Nearly ½ of the material made by the big bang was antimatter which destroyed itself and the matter that it touched

•What type of galaxy do we live in?

A SPIRAL GALAXY

•What is our galaxy’s name?

•The Milky Way

•Which type of galaxies spin?

•Only spiral galaxies spin.

•What is generally the largest type of galaxy?

•SPIRAL

•What type of galaxy is usually medium size?

•Elliptical

•What does an elliptical galaxy look like?

•A fuzzy football or basketball that does not spin

•What is the smallest type of galaxy?

•Irregular galaxies are the smallest

•Spiral Galaxy

What am I?

•Elliptical Galaxy

What am I?

•Barred Spiral Galaxy

What am I?

•Irregular galaxy

•How do we know the universe is expanding?

•red shift

•What is a nebula made of?.

•Dust and gas from an exploded star.

•The stars in an irregular galaxy are mostly ____?

•YOUNG STARS

•How do we know the distance to a star?

•Parallax

•Why does Earth have to be on an outer arm of the Milky Way for us to live here?

•Too much radiation from crowded stars closer to the center.

•What is a light year?

•The distance light travels in 1 year

• If the universe stopped expanding today, would we be able to know that right away?

•Nope, it would take billions of years for the light from them to get to us.

GOT IT?