大學生戀愛觀與皮膚問題

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89wuqy8oq8c&feature=youtu.be

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89wuqy8oq8c&feature=youtu.be

Background

Secret is… Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others; there is a commitment madebetween the secret teller and the secret bearer.

1. To study the behavior of secret telling (literature search)

2. To investigate the influencing factors of secret telling(experimental research)

Risk Revelation Model:

decisions people go through when they are considering whether or not to reveal their secret to someone.

http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=927

1. Telling their own secret:

Factors driving people to reveal their secrets:

A. She should know this… B. After several years, it is no longer a big deal.C. I don’t know how to begin...

http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=927

1. Telling their own secret:

6preparation and rehearsal

directness

third party revelations

entrapmentindirect mediums

incremental disclosures

http://www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=927

1. Telling their own secret:

2. Telling other’s secret:

admitted having the urge to reveal someone's secret

Gossiped with a close friend from anotherfriendship group.

Had told someone completely uninvolved

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6199822/Women-cannot-keep-a-secret-for-longer-than-47-hours.html

GOSSIP:the exchange of personal information (positive or negative) in an evaluative way (positive or negative) about absent third parties.

A and B talking about C

Secret tellingPersonal obligation of keeping secret (vs. Gossiping)The credibility established in social cognition and

relationships

Terms

• Secret teller• Secret owner• Secret bearer Interviewee• Interviewer*• Accomplice

Hypothesis 1

• More likely to disclose a 3rd person secret• Consider the secret to spread => less responsibility in keeping the secret

Hypothesis 2

• Informal environment – less alert and protective

• Exposure of secret gossip process• Larger chance to disclose the secret

Experimental Design• Secret teller secret secret bearer• Tested under different circumstances

Experimental Design• Accomplice may exist (depends on the

formality)• Evaluate the extent of disclosure of the

secret

Experimental Design

• Parameters - The closeness of the secret owner to the secret bearer - The formality environment of the instigation

Formality

Closeness(owner / bearer)

1st person / Formal (1F)

1st person / Informal (1I)

3rd person / Formal (3F)

3rd person / Informal (3I)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design

• Environment of instigation - Formal condition - Informal condition

Target

• Common friend : secret teller/ interviewer

Procedure of Experiment

• Implantation of secret - Secret – Athlete’s foot - Patient/Cause/Symptoms

Procedure of Experiment

• Implantation of secret - Secret teller initiate an informal chat with the target

Procedure of Experiment

• Implantation of secret - 1st Person secret - Revealed the secret initiatively - Pretended : sharing worries about the disease

• Implantation of secret - 3rd Person secret - Revealed the secret accidentally - Pretended : sending the message to wrong person

Procedure of Experiment

• Instigation – Formal environment - Interview about ‘大學生戀愛觀與皮膚問題’ - Question about athlete’s foot

Procedure of Experiment

Procedure of Experiment

• Instigation – Informal environment - Informal chat - A sample of salve for curing athlete’s foot

Pilot Study

• An interview through whatsapp

/Improvements made after

the Pilot Study

• Accomplice was needed• face-to-face interview with accomplice• secret bearer feel less obliged in holding

back the secret

Improvements made after the Pilot Study

• Contrast the formal and informal situation• Informal – casual chatting by text

messaging• Formal – Interview with accomplice

Data Collection

• Identity – 3• Cause – 3• Symptoms and Other Details – 2

1F I C S & D Total Gp. Avg.

1 0 0 0 0 0.286 s.d. 0.756

2 0 0 0 0 　 n 7

3 0 0 0 0 　

4 0 0 0 0 　

5 1 1 0 2 　

6 0 0 0 0 　

7 0 0 0 0 　

1st Person / Formal

I : IdentityC: Cause

S&D: Symptoms and Other Details

3rd Person / Formal3F I C S & D Total Gp. Avg.

1 0 0 0 0 0.571 s.d. 0.976

2 0 0 0 0 　 n 7

3 1 1 0 2 　

4 0 0 0 0 　

5 0 0 0 0 　

6 0 0 0 0 　

7 1 1 0 2 　

I : IdentityC: Cause

S&D: Symptoms and Other Details

1st Person / Informal1I I C S & D Total Gp. Avg.

1 0 0 0 0 2.571 s.d. 2.507

2 2 2 1 5 　 n 7

3 0 0 0 0 　

4 2 2 1 5 　

5 0 0 0 0 　

6 1 1 1 3 　

7 2 2 1 5 　

I : IdentityC: Cause

S&D: Symptoms and Other Details

3rd Person / Informal3I I C S & D Total Gp. Avg.

1 2 3 1 6 3.286 s.d 3.094

2 0 0 0 0 　 n 7

3 2 3 1 6 　

4 0 0 0 0 　

5 2 2 1 5 　

6 2 2 2 6 　

7 0 0 0 0 　

I : IdentityC: Cause

S&D: Symptoms and Other Details

Two sample test – t-testSame Formality / Different Closenesst1F/3F = 0.612

t1I/3I = 0.475

tc = 2.179 (95%)

Comparison

Two sample test – t-testSame Closeness / Different Formalityt1F/1I = 2.309

t3F/3I = 2.214

tc = 2.179 (95%)

Comparison

There is no significant difference between two group with different closeness but constant formality

There is significant difference between two group with different formality but constant closeness

Independent of the closeness between the secret bearer and the secret owner (1st person secret / 3rd person secret)

commitment made between the secret bearer and the secret teller

Dependent on the formality of the environment The less formal the environment, the closer the

secret bearer would feel towards the interviewerWhen this distance of the relative closeness is smaller

than the distance of that between the secret bearer and the secret teller, he would be more likely to tell gossip

One of the secret bearer spread the secret to other friends, who coincidentally are our other targets, right after knowing the secret but before the interview.

Special Case

Target may reveal the secret to others before the instigation

Hard to quantize and give it a fair score for comparison and analysis

Specific phrases used during instigation

Sample type: low variety due to common friends (age, education level, cultural difference…)

Invite more friends to help us outSample size: time limitation

Situation dependent of the instigation processBinary conditionmore specific conditions

Target may not remember the secret and the detailsOptimize period between implantation and instigation (preferably 3 days)

Limitations and Improvements

More parametersBetter quantization methodResearch on whether internet would instigate more

people to spill their secrets being anonymous

Initially we think:1. Difference between 1st and 3rd person secret Propagated; less obligated2. Difference between formality of situation Alertness to the secret

Based on our result: 1. Independent of 1st and 3rd person 2. Dependent on the formality of situation

Credibility established may differ in different situations.

Secret Teller ??? Interviewer

Secret Bearer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89wuqy8oq8c&feature=youtu.be