Secretary Chu Grid Week

8/14/2019 Secretary Chu Grid Week

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Investing in our Energy Future

Secretary Steven Chu

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, D.C.

September 21, 2009


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Recovery Act is making a down paymenton a clean energy economy

The nation that leads the world in creating a new

clean energy economy will be the nation thatleads the 21st century global economy.

-- President Obama

Creating jobs immediatelyInvesting in our energyinfrastructure to provide

lasting value


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We'll fund a better, smarter electricitygrid and train workers to build it -- a gridthat will help us ship wind and solarpower from one end of this country to

another.Think about it. The grid that powers thetools of modern life -- computers,appliances, even BlackBerrys -- lookslargely the same as it did half a centuryago.

President Barack Obama

To meet the energy challenge and create a 21stcenturyenergy economy, we need a 21stcentury electric grid


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Worldwide shipments of Solar Photovoltaics in Megawatts

U.S.

U.S. falling behind in clean energy race


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Recovery Act will double

non-hydroelectricrenewable generation

Source: EIA -- An Updated Annual Energy Outlook 2009 Reference Case

Billio

nsofkilow

atthours


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Recovery Act will set the stage for

widespread deployment of plug-inhybrid electric vehicles

Recently made $2.4 billioninvestment in advanced

batteries the largest batteryinvestment in world history

Today, 99 percent of

batteries for hybrids aremade in Japan


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Grid Modernization-$4.5 billion includingSmart Grid

Investment Grantsand Demonstrations

WAPA and BPA totalof $6.5 billion in

borrowing authority

The Recovery Act invests ingrid modernization

$750 million fortransmission loanguarantees


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Today, we are announcing:

$44.2 million in awards to State Public

Utility CommissionsTo hire and retrain PUC staff as utilities

ramp up Smart Grid activities

The availability of $100 millionTo train a new generation of

utility workers


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Dynamic optimization of grid operationsand resources

Incorporation of demand response and

consumer participation

The Smart Grid: What is it?

Measurement Visualization Automation


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System TransparencySeeing and operating the grid as a

national system in real-time

Energy StorageProviding regulation and load shaping

Cyber Security and Physical SecuritySecuring the physicalinfrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange

Smart Grid is a key enablerto

Grid Modernization

Load ManagementMaking consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak

Renewable IntegrationAddressing variabilityand intermittence of large-scale wind generation


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Xcel Energy Alamosa System

Highvariability

due toclouds

Solar energy sources are highly variable

Output from

an 8MWsolar PVpanel in

Colorado on

9/4/08

81 % drop in5 minutes


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12

Jan. 5-25, 2009

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Date/Time (5-min increments)

MW

BPA TOTAL WIND GENERATION

BPA BALANCING AUTHORITY AREA LOAD

Wind requires substantial balancing reserves


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BPA is installing 14 anemometers for next-hour wind forecasts to adjust generationand make more efficient use of combined wind, hydro and other resources.

They are also working on Dynamic Transfer to reliably let a power plant in onebalancing authority supply reserves to another balancing authority.


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Variable Generation Affects Grid Operations

No wind 11% renewables

23% renewables 35% renewables


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Energy StorageProviding regulation and loadshaping

Cyber Security and Physical SecuritySecuring the physicalinfrastructure and two-way communication and data exchange

Smart Grid is a key enablertoGrid Modernization


Renewable IntegrationAddressing variability andintermittence of large-scale wind generation


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Energy Storage is critical to grid operations


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Energy Storage is Critical to Grid Operations


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Pumped Storage

Pumped Storage can provide:

Rapid response in pump-up andgenerating modes to offset windgeneration variability Store wind energy during lowervalue periods

Prevent wind curtailment andavoid new transmission investments

Additional capital and operating costs have tobe compared to the cost of spinning reserves

Energy losses (~20%) related to storage

Grand Coulee Dam


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System TransparencySeeing and operating the

grid as a national system in real-time


Cyber Security and Physical SecuritySecuringthe physical infrastructure and two-waycommunication and data exchange


Grid Modernization

Load Management Making consumer demandan active tool in reducing the peak

Renewable IntegrationAddressing variability andintermittence of large-scale wind generation


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(8,760 hrs)

distribution

generation

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percenta e of Year

Load

Factor(%)

5% = ~440 hrs/yr

75%

90%

Hourly Loads as Fraction of Peak, Sorted from Highest to Lowest

Peak Reduction is Paramount

>25% of distribution and >10% of generation assets are needed

less than 5% of the time ($100s of billions of investments)

Generation

Distribution


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0

50

100

150

200

PeakReduction(GW)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

%

ofPeakDema

nd

Other DR

Interruptible Tariffs

DLC

Pricing w/o Tech

Pricing w/Tech

38 GW,4% of peak

82 GW,

9% of peak

138 GW,14% of peak

188 GW,

20% of peak

Achieving peak demand reduction

requires a Smart Grid and dynamic pricingLight blue:reductions

through

dynamicpricing

Dark blue:reductions

throughSmart Gridtechnology

Source: FERC, June 2009 National Assessment of Demand Response Potential

Business asusual

Expandedcurrent best

practices

Universaladvancedmetering

anddynamic

pricing

All DemandResponse tools(e.g. direct load

control) fully

deployed


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Changing Consumer Behavior

Empower consumersthrough better

information

Give consumers thetools and incentives to

managetheir energyuse and eliminate

waste

Demand response programmability mustbe as easy and automatic as possible.


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Automated Demand Response Saves

Capacity and EnergyElectric load profile for PG&E participants on 8/30/2007


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Is the grid ready

forPlug-In Hybrids?

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles:

2009 Fisker Karma S2010 Toyota Plug-in Prius2010(?) BMW Mini E2010 Saturn VUE2011 BYD F3DM

2012 Ford2012 Volvo

Battery Electric Vehicles:

2010 Chevy Volt EREV2010 Chrysler EV2010 Miles EV

2010 Mitsubishi iMiEV BEV2010 Nissan BEV2010 Ford Battery Electric Van2010 Tesla Roadster Sport EV

Source: Electric Drive Transportation Association (Updated June 1, 2009)


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Typical Charging Scenarios

Filling the Valley

= ???

Source: Lemoine, Kammen, and Farrell 2008. An Innovation and Policy Agenda for Commercially Competitive Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles


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System TransparencySeeing and operatingthe grid as a national system in real-time


Cyber Security and Physical SecuritySecuring thephysical infrastructure and two-way communication and

data exchange


Grid Modernization


Renewable IntegrationAddressing variability and intermittenof large-scale wind generation


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Source: www.nerc.comAngles are based on data from blackout analysis.Angle reference is Browns Ferry.

Phasors wouldhave given gridoperators 30-40minutes warning

that problemswere developingin Northern Ohio

Phasors could have prevented

the 2003 blackout

Estimates of 2003 blackouts cost: $6 10 billion


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Goal: sensor-based operations and

dynamic modelingFrequency and

response to system eventsGrid stress -

Angle separation


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Cyber Security and Physical SecuritySecuring the physical infrastructure and two-waycommunication and data exchange


Grid Modernization


Renewable IntegrationAddressing variability and intermittenof large-scale wind generation


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Advanced Tools/Technology

Encryption

Authentication Diagnostics

Monitoring

Forensic Analysis

Control systems for critical applications must

be designed, operated and maintained tosurvive and intentional assault with no loss of

critical function


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Challenges

Data Sharing/Data Ownership Standards

Transmission Planning


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Were making progress on Smart Grid

Interoperability standards

$10 million inRecovery Act fundingtransferred to NIST

Weve hosted two SmartGrid Interoperability

Standards workshops

Secretary Locke will have more to say on Thursday


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Blue - high wind potential,Red - large demand centers, andGreen - little wind and smaller demand centers.

NERC, April 2009

Seven Percent of the U.S. Population

Inhabits the Top Ten States for Wind


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Reduce congestion another

priority

Aug 2006 DOE

Congestion Study


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Does the U.S. require an Extra High

Voltage Grid?

Predominantly AC Path

Predominantly DC Path

Station


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Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?

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Secretary Chu Grid Week

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