SECTION 03310 - CONCRETE WORK PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 WORK INCLUDED A. The work included under this section consists of, but is not limited to, concrete for sidewalks, driveway aprons, handicap access ramps, curbs and cast-in-place structures. 1.2 REFERENCE WORK A. Division-2, Section 02528 Concrete Curbs 1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS A. ACI Manual 301 specification for structural concrete for buildings. B. ACl Manual 304 recommended practice on measuring, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. C. ACI 318 building code requirements for reinforced concrete. D. ACI 211.1 recommended practice for selecting proportions for concrete. E. ACI 305 recommended practice for hot weather concreting. F. ACI 306 recommended practice for cold weather concreting. G. ACI 347 recommended practice for concrete formwork. H. ACI 503 guide for use of epoxy compound with concrete. I. ACI 214 recommended practice for the evaluation of compression test results of filed concrete. J. ACI 315 Manual of Standard Practice for detailing reinforcing concrete structures. K. New Jersey Department of Transportation 2007 Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction (NJDOT), 03310 -1 PTWP00660 CONCRETE
Transcript
SECTION 03310 - CONCRETE WORK
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 WORK INCLUDED
A. The work included under this section consists of, but is not limited to,concrete for sidewalks, driveway aprons, handicap access
ramps, curbs and cast-in-place structures.
1.2 REFERENCE WORK
A. Division-2, Section 02528 Concrete Curbs
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
A. ACI Manual 301 specification for structural concrete for buildings.
B. ACl Manual 304 recommended practice on measuring, mixing,transporting and placing concrete.
C. ACI 318 building code requirements for reinforced concrete.
D. ACI 211.1 recommended practice for selecting proportions for concrete.
E. ACI 305 recommended practice for hot weather concreting.
F. ACI 306 recommended practice for cold weather concreting.
G. ACI 347 recommended practice for concrete formwork.
H. ACI 503 guide for use of epoxy compound with concrete.
I. ACI 214 recommended practice for the evaluation of compression testresults of filed concrete.
J. ACI 315 Manual of Standard Practice for detailing reinforcing concretestructures.
K. New Jersey Department of Transportation 2007 Standard Specification forRoad and Bridge Construction (NJDOT),
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PTWP00660 CONCRETE
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contractand Division-1 Specification Sections.
B. Product data for proprietary materials and items, including reinforcementand forming accessories, admixtures, patching compounds, water stops,joint systems, curing compounds, and others as requested by Engineer.
C. Shop drawings for reinforcement, fabrication, bending, and placement ofconcrete reinforcement. Comply with ACI SP-66 (88), "ACI DetailingManual," showing bar schedules, stirrup spacing, diagrams of bent bars,and arrangement of concrete reinforcement. Include specialreinforcement required for openings through concrete structures.
D. Shop drawings for form work, fabrication and erection of forms for specificfinished concrete surfaces. Show form construction including jointing,special form joint or reveals, location and pattern of form tie placement,and other items that affect exposed concrete visually.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
A. Cement: Shall conform to ASTM designation C-150 as revised, Type I1.An air entraining agent approved by the Engineer shall be added to theconcrete mix.
B. Aggregates: Shall conform to the standard specifications for concreteaggregates, ASTM designation C-33 as revised. Sand shall be mediumgraduation with fineness modulus of 2.60 - 2.90. Coarse aggregate shallnot exceed 1-1/2 inch for mass concrete and 3/4 inch for reinforced slabs.
C. Concrete: All concrete shall attain the required strengths per therespective NJDOT section and class of concrete, unless otherwise calledfor on the drawings. All concrete furnished under this contract shall beair-entrained.
D. Expansion Joints: All expansion joint material shall be inch thickminimum and shall be full depth of the section of portland cementconcrete sidewalk or curb being constructed. All expansion material shallbe premolded joint fillers of bituminous cellular type joint material or fillerand shall conform to the current requirements of AASHTO designation M-153, Type Ill. Note that fibrous or celotex type joint material is notacceptable.
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E. Reinforcing: Shall meet the requirements of ASTM designation A-1 85 forwelded steel wire fabric made of steel made by open-hearth or the electricfurnace process.
1. General: Comply with Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute'srecommended practice for "Placing Reinforcing Bars," for detailsand methods of reinforcement placement and supports.
2. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615, Grade 60, deformed.
3. Supports for Reinforcement: Bolsters, chairs, spacers, and otherdevices for spacing, supporting, and fastening reinforcing bars andwelded wire fabric in place. Use wire-bar-type supports complyingwith CRSI specifications.
F. Waterstops: Provide flat, dumbbell-type or centerbulb-type waterstops at
construction joints and other joints as indicated. Size to suit joints.
G. Rubber Waterstops: Corps of Engineers CRD-C 513.
H. Concrete Additives
1. Fly Ash: ASTM C 618, Type C or Type F.Limit use of fly ash to not exceed 25 percent of cement content byweight.
2. ASTM C618, Class C or F, and as herein specified. Provide
aggregates from a single source for exposed concrete.
3. Air entraining admixture - ASTM C260
a. "Air Mix", Euclid Chemical Co.b. "Micro Air" or "MB-VR", Mater Buildersc. "Daravair" or "Daiex AEA" (in Florida), W.R. Grade & Co.
4. Prohibited Admixtures: Calcium chloride, thiocyanates oradmixtures containing more than 1% chloride ions, by weight ofadmixture, are not permitted. Additionally, each admixture shall notcontribute more than 5 ppm, by weight, of chlorideions to totalconcrete constituents.
5. Water-reducing admixtures: ASTM C494, Type A
a. "Eucon WR-85", Euclid Chemical Co.b. "Pozzolith 322N", Master Builders
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c. "WRDA with Hycol" or "WRDA-19" (in Florida), W.R. Grace
& Co.
6. High range water reducing (superplasticizer), ASTM C494, type F
a. "Eucon 37", Euclid Chemical Co.b. "Rheobuild 1000", Master Buildersc. "WRDA-19", W.R. Grace & Co.
7. High range water reducing retarding(superplasticizer),ASTM C494,Type G
a. "Eucon 537", Euclid Chemical Co.b. "Rheobuild 716", Master Buildersc. "Daracem 100", W.R. Grace & Co.
8. Non-corrosive, non-chloride accelerator, ASTM C494,Type C or E:
a. "Accelguard 80", Euclid Chemical Co.b. "Daraset Accelerator", W. R. Grace.c. "Pozzolith 555-Accelerator", Master Builders.
9. Admixture manufacturer must have long-term non-corrosive testdata from an independent testing laboratory (of at least three (3)year's duration) using an acceptable accelerated corrosion testmethod such as that using electrical potential measures.
1. Fibrous Reinforcement: Collated, fibrillated, polypropylene fibers for
secondary reinforcing of concrete members.
1. Acceptable materials:
a. "Forta CR", Forta Fibre, Inc.b. "Fibermesh", Fibermesh, Inc.c. "Grace Fibers", w. R. Grace & Co., Inc.d. Use shall not change water requirement of mix.e. See Drawings for amount and locations of use.f. Fiber manufacturer or approved distributor: Provide services
of qualified person at preconstruction meeting, preconcretemeeting and first fibrous reinforced concrete placement.
J. Curing Compound
1. "Kurez DR", Euclid Chemical Co.2. "RXCURE", Conspec Marketing and Manufacturing Co.
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K. Evaporation Retardant
1. "Confilm" Master Builders2. "EUCOBAR", Euclid Chemical Co.
L. Corrosion Inhibitor
1. Acceptable Product:
a. "DCI", Grace Construction ProductsRate of 3 gallons per cubic yard of concrete
M. Epoxy Cements
1. Sikadur 32, Hi-Mod LPV
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. FORMS
1. Design, erect, support, brace, and maintain form work to supportvertical, lateral, static, and dynamic loads that might be applied untilconcrete structure can support such loads. Construct form work soconcrete members and structures are of correct size, shape,alignment, elevation, and position. Maintain form work constructiontolerances and surface irregularities complying with the following ACI347 limits:
a. Provide Class A tolerances for concrete surfaces exposed toview.
b. Provide Class C tolerances for other concrete surfaces.
2. Construct forms to sizes, shapes, lines, and dimensions shown and toobtain accurate alignment, location, grades, level, and plumb work infinished structures. Provide for openings, offsets, sinkages, keyways,recesses, moldings, rustications, reglets, chamfers, blocking, screeds,bulkheads, anchorages and inserts, and other features required in thework. Use selected materials to obtain required finishes. Provide tightjoints to prevent cement paste from leaking.
3. Fabricate forms for easy removal without hammering or prying againstconcrete surfaces. Provide crush plates or wrecking plates wherestripping may damage cast concrete surfaces.
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4. Provide top forms for inclined surfaces where slope is too steep toplace concrete with bottom forms only. Kerf wood inserts for formingkeyways, reglets, recesses, and the like, to prevent swelling and foreasy removal.
5. Provide temporary openings where interior area of form work isinaccessible for cleanout, for inspection before concrete placement,and for placement of concrete. Securely brace temporary openingsand set tightly to forms to prevent loss of concrete mortar. Locatetemporary openings on forms at inconspicuous locations.
6. Chamfer exposed corners and edges as indicated, using wood, metal,PVC, or rubber chamfer strips fabricated to produce uniform smoothlines and tight edge joints.
7. Provisions for Other Trades: Provide openings in concrete form workto accommodate work of other trades. Determine size and location ofopenings, recesses, and chases from trades providing such items.Accurately place and securely support items built into forms.
B. PLACING REINFORCEMENT
1. General: Comply with Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute'srecommended practice for "Placing Reinforcing Bars", for details andmethods of reinforcement placement and supports, and as hereinspecified.
2. Avoiding cutting or puncturing vapor retarder during reinforcementplacement and concreting operations. Repair damages beforeplacing concrete.
3. Clean reinforcement of loose earth, ice, and other materials whichreduce or destroy bond with concrete.
4. Accurately position, support, and secure reinforcement againstdisplacement. Locate and support reinforcing by metal chairs,runners, bolsters, spacers, and hangers, as required.
5. Place reinforcement to obtain at least minimum coverages forconcrete protection. Arrange, space, and securely tie bars and barsupports to hold reinforcement in position during concrete placementoperations. Set wire ties so ends are directed into concrete, nottoward exposed concrete surfaces.
6. Install welded wire fabric in lengths as long as practicable. Lapadjoining pieces at least one full mesh and lace splices with wire.
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Offset laps in adjacent widths to prevent continuous laps in either
direction.
C. JOINTS
1. Construction Joints: Locate and install construction joints so they donot impair strength and appearance of the structure, as acceptable toEngineer.
2. Provide key ways at least 1-1/2" deep in construction joints in wallsand slabs and between walls and footings. Bulkheads designed andaccepted for this purpose may be used for slabs.
3. Place construction joints perpendicular to main reinforcement fill witha flexible sealant. Continue reinforcement across construction jointsexcept as otherwise indicated. Do not continue reinforcement throughsides of strip placements.
D. INSTALLING EMBEDDED ITEMS
1. General: Set and build into work anchorage devices and otherembedded items required for other work that is attached to orsupported by cast-in-place concrete. Use setting drawings, diagrams,instructions, and directions provided by suppliers of items to beattached.
E. CONCRETE PLACEMENT
1. Inspection: Before placing concrete, inspect and complete form workinstallation, reinforcing steel, and items to be embedded or cast-in.Notify other crafts to permit installation of their work.
2. General: Comply with ACI 304 "Recommended Practice forMeasuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete", as specified.
3. Deposit concrete continuously or in layers of such thickness that noconcrete will be placed on concrete that has hardened sufficiently tocause seams or planes of weakness. If a section cannot be placedcontinuously, provide construction joints as specified. Depositconcrete to avoid segregation at its final location.
4. Placing Concrete in Forms: Deposit concrete in forms in horizontallayers no deeper than 24 inches and in a manner to avoid inclinedconstruction joints. Where placement consists of several layers,place each layer while preceding layer is still plastic to avoid coldjoints.
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a. Consolidate placed concrete by mechanical vibratingequipment supplemented by hand-spading, rodding, ortamping. Use equipment and procedures for consolidation ofconcrete in accordance with ACI 309.
b. Do not use vibrators to transport concrete inside forms. Insertand withdraw vibrators vertically at uniformly spaced locationsno farther than the visible effectiveness of the machine. Placevibrators to rapidly penetrate placed layer and at least 6 inchesinto preceding layer. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers ofconcrete that have begun to set. At each insertion, limitduration of vibration to time necessary to consolidate concreteand complete embedment of reinforcement and otherembedded items without causing mix to segregate.
5. Placing Concrete Slabs: Deposit and consolidate concrete slabs in acontinuous operation, within limits of construction joints, untilcompleting placement of a panel or section. Provide a continuousplastic vapor barrier under the slab-on grade.
a. Consolidate concrete during placing operations so thatconcrete is thoroughly worked around reinforcement and otherembedded items and into corners.
b. Bring slab surfaces to correct level with straightedge and strikeoff. Use bull floats or debris to smooth surface, free of humpsor hollows. Do not disturb slab surfaces prior to beginningfinishing operations.
c. Maintain reinforcing in proper position on chairs duringconcrete placement.
6. FINISHING
a. Formed Surfaces: ACI 301, Article 10.4
3.2 APPLICATION
A. Cold Weather Concreting (ACI 306R):
1 . When concrete is placed under conditions of cold weather concreting(defined as period when mean daily temperature drops below 40degrees F. for more than three successive days), take additionalprecautions as specified in this Section and in ACI 306R, whenplacing, curing, monitoring, and protecting fresh concrete.
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2. Warm mix water, sand and aggregate so that no frozen lumps of ice,snow or aggregate will survive mixing but do not overheat ingredientsto cause flash setting of concrete or loss of entrained air.
3. Place and maintain internal concrete temperature as near tominimums given in following table:
Minimum internal concreteLeast Dimension Temperature as placedof the Member And maintained
less than 12 inc. 55 degrees F.12 to 36 in. 50 degrees F.36 to 72 in. 45 degrees F.Greater than 72 in. 40 degrees F.
4. Do not exceed given minimum placement temperature by more than10 degrees F.
5. Begin protection and curing of concrete immediately after placementto maintain internal temperature of concrete at 50 degrees F. orabove (but not to exceed 90 degrees F.) Throughout curing processoperation:
6. Cure slabs on grade, foundations, and substructures otherthan gradebeams not subject to early loading, at placement temperature for 2days minimum.
7. Temporary heaters used to maintain temperature of air surroundingexposed, uncured concrete during curing operations shall be ventedtype, vented to outside of protection envelope.
8. Cure and protect concrete for supported slabs and bumper walls attemperature specified above until attainment of 85 percent designstrength, but no less than 4000 psi 28 day strength.
9. Cure and protect concrete topping on precast concrete until 5000 psi
28 day strength reached.
10. Determine strength of curing concrete by either of following methods:
11. Calculate maturity factor based upon curing time and measuredinternal concrete temperature as described in ACI 306R, Chapter 7.
12. Cast and field cure at least six test specimens from last 100 cubic
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yards of concrete but not fewer than three specimens for each twohours of entire placing time or for each 100 cubic yards, whicheveryields greatest number of specimens. Make specimens in accordancewith ASMT C31. Cover specimens properly, immediately afterfinishing. Protect outside surfaces of cardboard molds, if used, fromcontact with sources of water for first 24 hours after molding. Fieldcure test specimens on structure as near to point of sampling aspossible and protect from elements in same manner as that given toportion of structure specimen represents. Test cylinders inaccordance with ASTM C31 and C39.
13. Cast expendable thermistor or thermocouples in concrete at rate of atleast one per 100 cubic yards of concrete placed for supportedstructure. Monitor internal temperature of concrete at twelve hourmaximum intervals throughout curing process.
14. During curing operation, maintain temperature of placed concrete asconstant as possible, and protect from rapid atmospheric temperaturechanges.
15. Maintain concrete in continually moist condition during curing processby leaving forms in place as long as possible and by use of steam ormoisture retaining covers on unformed surfaces.
16. Following curing operation, avoid rapid changes in concretetemperature. Do not allow internal temperature of concrete to changeat rate exceeding 50 degrees F. in any 24-hour period or 5 degrees F.in any one hour.
B. Hot Weather concreting (ACI 305R):
1. When concrete is placed under conditions of hot weather concreting,Contractor shall provide extra protection of concrete againstexcessive placement temperatures and excessive drying throughoutplacing and curing operations. Hot weather is defined as anycombination of high temperature, low humidity and high wind velocitywhich causes rate of evaporation in excess of 0.2 pounds per squareft. per hour as determined by ACI 305R, Figure 2.1.5.
2. Forms, reinforcement, and air shall be cooled by water fog sprayingimmediately before placing concrete. Placement temperature ofconcrete shall not exceed 90 degrees F.
3. Protect concrete during finishing operations by one of following:
4. Continuous fog spray between finishing operations.
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5. Immediately following screeding, apply evaporation retarding agent inaccordance with recommendations of manufacturer.
6. Immediately following screeding, apply specified evaporation retardingagent in accordance with recommendations of manufacturer. Plasticcracking conditions may require application of compound severaltimes during concrete finishing sequence.
7. During curing operation cover concrete with wet burlap or cotton mats.Keep mats constantly wet for 7 days minimum. Leave mats in placefor 3 additional days after discontinuing wetting process.
C. Finishing Formed Surfaces
1. Rough Form Finish: Provide a rough-formed finish on formedconcrete surfaces not exposed-to-view in the finish work or by otherconstruction. This is the concrete surface having texture imparted byform facing material used, with tie holes and defective areas repairedand patched, and fins and other projections exceeding 1/4" in heightrubbed down or chipped off.
D. Miscellaneous Concrete Items
1. Filling In: Fill in holes and openings left in concrete structures forpassage of work by other trades unless otherwise shown or directed,after Work of other trades is in place. Mix, place, and cure concreteas specified to blend with in-place construction. Provide othermiscellaneous concrete filling shown or required to complete Work.
2. Curbs: Provide monolithic finish to interior curbs by stripping formswhile concrete is still green and by steel troweling surfaces to ahard, dense finish with corners, intersections, and terminations slightlyrounded.
3. Equipment Bases and Foundations: Provide machine and equipmentbases and foundations as shown on drawings. Set anchor bolts formachines and equipment to template at correct elevations, complyingwith diagrams or templates of manufacturer furnishing machines andequipment.
E. Concrete Curing and Protection
1. General: Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying andexcessive cold or hot temperatures. In hot, dry, and windy weather
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protect concrete from rapid moisture loss before and during finishingoperations with an evaporation-control material. Apply according tomanufacturer's instructions after screeding and bull floating, butbefore power floating and troweling.
2. Start initial curing as soon as free water has disappeared fromconcrete surface after placing and finishing. Weather permitting,keep continuously moist for not less than 7 days.
3. Curing Methods: Cure concrete by curing compound, by moist curing,by moisture-retaining cover curing, and by combinations thereof, asherein specified.
4. Provide moisture curing by following methods.
5. Keep concrete surface continuously wet by covering with water.
6. Use continuous water-fog spray.
7. Cover concrete surface with specified absorptive cover, thoroughlysaturating cover with water and keeping continuously wet. Placeabsorptive cover to provide coverage of concrete surfaces and edges,with 4" lap over adjacent absorptive covers.
F. Removing Forms
1. General: Form work not supporting weight of concrete, such as sidesof beams, walls, columns, and similar parts of the work, may beremoved after cumulatively curing at not less than 50 deg F (10 degC) for 24 hours after placing concrete, provided concrete is sufficientlyhard to not be damaged by form removal operations, and providedcuring and protection operations are maintained.
G. Concrete Surface Repairs
1. Patching Defective Areas: Repair and patch defective areas withcement mortar immediately after removal of forms, when acceptableto Engineer.
2. Repair of Unformed Surfaces: Test unformed surfaces, such asmonolithic slabs, for smoothness and verify surface plane totolerances specified for each surface and finish. Correct low and highareas as herein specified. Test unformed surfaces sloped to drain fortrueness of slope, in addition to smoothness using a template havingrequired slope.
3. Repair finished unformed surfaces that contain defects which affect
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concrete durability. Surface defects include crazing and cracks inexcess of 0.01 inch wide or that penetrate to the reinforcement orcompletely through non-reinforced sections regardless of width,spalling, pop-outs, honeycomb, rock pockets, and other objectionableconditions.
4. Correct high areas in unformed surfaces by grinding, after concretehas cured at least 14 days.
5. Correct low areas in unformed surfaces during or immediately aftercompletion of surface finishing operations by cutting out low areasand replacing with patching mortar. Finish repaired areas to blend intoadjacent concrete. Proprietary patching compounds may be usedwhen acceptable to Engineer.
6. Perform structural repairs with prior approval of Engineer for methodand procedure, using specified epoxy adhesive and mortar.
7. Repair methods not specified above may be used, subject toacceptance of Engineer.
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CONCRETE MIX DESIGN SUBMITTAL FORMSubmit Separate form for each mix design
Mix design proportioned to achieve f ci = fc + _ psi
CHLORIDE ION CONTENT:
TEST METHOD:
ASTM C666 RESULTS
Remarks:
Fill in all blank spaces. Use -0- (zero) or N.A. (Not Applicable) where appropriate. See "Designand Control of Concrete Mixtures;, 13th Edition by Portland Cement Association, for assistancein completing this form.
Mix #
Job Name
REQUIRED ATTACHMENTS:
Coarse aggregate gradation report
Fine aggregate gradation report
Concrete compressive strength data used for standard deviationcalculations
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