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CHAPTER 30.. Section 1: Kennedy’s Foreign Policy
CHAPTER 30..
Section 1:Kennedy’s Foreign Policy
Bay of Pigs – 19611500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles
Fidel Castro - dictator
Berlin Wall – 1961Divided the East from the West/symbolized Communist repression
About 100 miles long12 feet high/torn down 1989
Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962Kennedy/blockade/Soviets (5 days passed, Soviets agreed to remove missiles from Cuba)
“It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States.”
Hot line: between Moscow and Washington, D.C. Kennedy/Krushchev
Section 2
“War in Vietnam”
*Vietnam conflict began during WW II.
*Japan had taken the French province of Indochina which is made up of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
Ho Chi Minh – fought against the Japanese
Indochina was full of:
Natural Resources:
Rice, Rubber, Tin
1954….Vietnam fought for independence from the FrenchAccording to the Geneva Accords, Vietnam would be divided at the 17th Parallel
North – Ho Chi Minh CommunistCapital: Hanoi
South – Non CommunistCapital: Saigon
United States sent billions of dollars to South Vietnam.
U.S. sent soldiers as advisersSouth Vietnam was under the leadership of Ngo Dinh Diem(French educated Vietnamese leader) Refused to hold elections
coup – overthrow of a government (Diem was killed)
search & destroy mission – to seek out the Vietcong or North Vietnamese units and destroy them
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:
This gave President Johnson broad authority to use American forces in Vietnam.
napalm: an explosive that burned intensely to destroy jungle growth
agent orange:Chemical herbicides that were sprayed to clear out forests and tall grasses.
People that oppose the war were a part of the….. >>>counterculture<<<
Opponents of the war…
(doves)
Supporters of the war…
(hawks)
deferments were given: excused people from the draft – mostly from the middle class.
Turning Point: Tet Offensive (Vietnamese New Year) A series of attacks throughout the south by the North Vietnamese
President Johnson does not run for another term….
He announces a “New step toward peace.”
Election of 1968:George Wallace – third partyHubert Humphrey – DemocratRichard Nixon - Republican
Peace treaty signed… Jan. 27, 1973 with North VietnamVietnam is unified
in 1975. The north invades the south and the south surrenders.
People in the war:
58,000 Americans died300,000 wounded1 million Vietnamese civilians/soldiers died2.7 million Americans served in Vietnam
MIAs – Missing in Action
Vietnam Memorial
Maya Ying Lin
