Middle East digital atlas Brett Kohler and Nathan Woods
Transcript
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Section 1 Map of Political Features Afghanistan Iran Iraq
Israel Saudi Arabia Turkey Section 2 Euphrates River Jordan River
Tigris River Suez Canal Persian Gulf Strait of Hormuz Arabian Sea
Red Sea Gaza Strip
Slide 4
Israel
Slide 5
Government Type- Islamic Republic Capital Kabul Independence
day August 19, 1919 Religions - Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%,
other 1% Population - 29,835,392 (July 2011 est)
Slide 6
Capital - Tehran Government type - theocratic republic Republic
Day - April 1, 1979 Religion - Muslim 98%, other 2% Population -
77,891,220 (July 2011 est.)
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Government Type - Parliamentary Democracy Capital Baghdad
Republic Day - July 14, 1958 Religion - Muslim 97%, Christian or
other 3% Population - 30,399,572 (July 2011 est.)
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Government Type - Parliamentary Democracy Capital Jerusalem
Independence Day May 14, 1948 - from under British administration
Religion - Jewish 75.6%, Muslim 16.9%, Christian 2%, Druze 1.7%,
other 3.8% Population - 7,473,052 (July 2010 est.)
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Government Type Monarchy Capital Riyadh Independence Day
September 23, 1932 Religion - Muslim 100% Population - 26,131,703
(July 2011 est.)
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Government Type - Republican Parliamentary Democracy Capital -
Ankara Republic Day, October 29, 1923 Religion - Muslim 99.8%,
other 0.2% Population - 78,785,548 (July 2011 est.)
Slide 11
-In 1990, the Atatrk Dam, the first in the Southeastern
Anatolia project in Turkey, was completed. - Plans ultimately call
for 22 dams on the Tigris and Euphrates that altogether will
provide enough water to irrigate over 3,700,000 acres (1.5 million
hectares) of land - This huge diversion of water in Turkey may have
serious implications for other countries, such as Syria and Iraq,
that rely on the river. - The middle Euphrates traverses a wide
floodplain in Syria, where it is used extensively for irrigation -
Euphrates Dam, 230 ft (70 m) high, constructed with Soviet aid at
Tabqa, N Syria, is the main unit of the Tabqa Barrage Scheme. -
Below the dam the Euphrates receives the Belikh and Khabur rivers,
its only major tributaries.
Slide 12
- river, c.200 mi (320 km) long, formed in the Hula basin, N
Israel, by the confluence of three headwater streams and meandering
S through the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea; the region of
Palestine's longest and most important river and the world's lowest
river below sea level.GalileeDead Sea - It flows through the
northern section of the Jordan trough, a part of the Great Rift
Valley; between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, the Jordan
valley is called the Ghor.Great Rift ValleyGhor - There it forms
the border between Israel and the West Bank (W) and the nation of
Jordan (E).West Bank - The Jordan is fed by many small streams,
with headwaters in Syria and Lebanon. - Deep and turbulent during
the rainy season, the Jordan is reduced to a sluggish, shallow
stream during the summer.
Slide 13
- Tigris, river of SW Asia, c.1,150 mi (1,850 km) long, rising
in the Taurus Mts., E Turkey, and flowing SE through Iraq to join
the Euphrates River, with which it forms the Shatt al
Arab.TigrisTaurusTurkeyIraq - The Tigris is called the Hiddekil in
the BibleBible - It flows swiftly and receives many tributaries,
including the Diyala, originating in the Zagros Mts., and the Great
and Little Zab. - The lower Tigris is connected to the Euphrates by
semipermanent natural channels and by ancient canalsEuphrates -
Much of the marshland along the lower Tigris was drained in the
early 1990s; restoration began in 2003.
Slide 14
- On 26 July 1956, before 100,000 Egyptians in the main square
of Alexandria, Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser announced his
decision to nationalize the Suez Canal Company. - This came as a
rebuff to the recent withdrawal of the United states and Great
Britain from their pledge to finance the construction of a high dam
across the Nile River near Aswan. - The Suez Canal lay formally
under Egyptian sovereignty, but the implementation of these
sovereign rights was regulated by an international convention
agreed upon by Egypt and several maritime powers in 1888 in
Constantinople. - The revenue and daily administration of
navigation through the canal were handled by an international
company based in pairs and owned mainly by British and French
shareholders. - There was nothing illegal in the act of
nationalization, since Nasser promised to compensate the
shareholders faithfully and ensure there was no disruption of
navigation.
Slide 15
- Persian gulf of the Arabian Sea, 90,000 sq mi (233,100 sq
km), between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, extending c.600 mi
(970 km) from the Shatt al Arab delta to the Strait of Hormuz,
which links it with the Gulf of Oman. It is called the Arabian Gulf
in the Arab world. -The Persian Gulf, called the Arabian Gulf by
the Arabs, is mostly shallow and has many islands, of which Bahrain
is the largest -The gulf is bordered by Oman and the United Arab
Emirates to the south, to the west by Qatar and Saudi Arabia, to
the north by Kuwait and Iraq, and along the entire east coast by
Iran. -It was generally thought that the gulf had previously
extended farther north and that sediment dropped by the Tigris,
Euphrates, Karun, and Karkheh rivers filled the northern part of
the gulf to create a great delta -But geologic investigations now
indicate that the coastline has not moved and that the marshlands
of the delta represent a sinking of the earth's crust as the
Arabian land block pushes under Iran.
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-- Ninety percent of oil exported from Middle East Gulf
producers is carried through the strait. -- The bulk of the oil
exported through the Strait of Hormuz travels to Asia, the United
States and Western Europe. --About three-quarters of Japan's oil
imports and about 50 percent of China's pass through this strait.
-- An additional 2 million barrels of oil products, including fuel
oil, are exported through the passage daily, as well as liquefied
natural gas -- The world's largest LNG exporter, Qatar, ships a
total of 31 million metric tones annually through the strait to
Asia and Europe. -- The EIA predicts oil exports passing through
the strait will double to between 30 million and 34 million barrels
per day by 2020.
(http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/01/07/us-iran-hormuz-factbox-
idUSTRE6062OG20100107)http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/01/07/us-iran-hormuz-factbox-
idUSTRE6062OG20100107
Slide 17
-The Arabian Sea is located between the Indian and Arabian
peninsulas. -In Roman times its name was the Erythraean Sea, while
the medieval Arabs called it the Sea of India. -It formed a part of
the principal sea route between India and Europe for centuries.
-northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, covering a total area of
about 1,491,000 square miles (3,862,000 square km) and forming part
of the principal sea route between Europe and India. -The Indus
River is the largest stream flowing into the sea.
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-Red Sea is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa
and Asia -The connection to the ocean is in the south through the
Bab el Mandeb sound and the Gulf of Aden. -In the north is the
Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez (leading to
the Suez Canal). -The sea is roughly 1900 km long and at its widest
is over 300 km. - The sea floor has a maximum depth of 2,500 m in
the central median trench and an average depth of 500 m, but it
also has extensive shallow shelves, noted for their marine life and
corals.
Slide 19
- High population density, limited land and sea access,
continuing isolation, and strict internal and external security
controls have degraded economic conditions in the Gaza Strip - the
smaller of the two areas in the Palestinian Territories. -
Israeli-imposed crossings closures, which became more restrictive
after HAMAS violently took over the territory in June 2007, and
fighting between HAMAS and Israel during December 2008-January
2009, resulted in the near collapse of most of the private sector,
extremely high unemployment, and high poverty rates. - Shortages of
goods are met through large-scale humanitarian assistance - led by
UNRWA - and the HAMAS-regulated black market tunnel trade that
flourishes under the Gaza Strip's border with Egypt. - However,
changes to the blockade in 2010 included moving from a white list -
in which only approved items were allowed into Gaza through the
crossings - to a black list, where all but non-approved items were
allowed into Gaza through the crossings. - Israeli authorities have
recently signaled that exports from the territory might be possible
in the future, but currently regular exports from Gaza are not
permitted. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
world-factbook/geos/gz.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
world-factbook/geos/gz.html
Slide 20
1.Where does the Jordan river run threw? 2. What government
type is Afghanistan? 3. Where is the red sea? 4. What is the
capital of Iraq ? 5. Where is Saudi Arabia?