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Chapter 11Geography and Heritage of
Southeast AsiaSection 1: The Shape of the Land
Examine the physical geography of Southeast Asia.
Discuss the effects of geography on the history of SE Asia.
Compare the kingdoms of SE Asia to one another.
Objectives:
Mainland ◦ Peninsula
Countries: Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
◦ Mountains and Plateaus, 5 river systems in valleys
Islands◦ Ring of Fire (line of
volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean) creates fertile soil
Two Main Regions
Many nations, vary in size◦ Malaysia◦ Brunei
Indonesia and the Philippines are made up of archipelagos – chains of islands◦ Indonesia – 13,500
islands◦ Philippines – 7,000
islands
Islands of SE Asia
Mostly in the tropics◦ Hot/humid◦ June-Sept. – wet
monsoons Assist trade and
farming
Typhoons Natural Resources
◦ Tin (major supplier), aluminum
◦ Oil/Natural Gas in Indonesia and Brunei
Agriculture◦ Rice
1/3 of world’s rice
◦ Coffee, tea, spices, rubber
Lumber◦ Teak, Mohogany,
other exotic woods◦ Deforestation an
issue
Climates
Ethnic and culture diversity◦ Mountains create
divisions◦ Majority ethnic groups
often control river valleys
◦ Minorities tend to live in the mountains
◦ Chinese/Indian Immigrants Especially to Malaysia
Discrimination
Diversity
Typhoon Haiyan; Phillipeans – Nov 2013
River Valley Civilizations◦ No single ruler could conquer SE Asia◦ Most controlled small areas in river valleys
Built armies, collected taxes from farmers, irrigation system, extended control through warfare
◦ Influences came from China, though most remained independent (other than Vietnam)
Early Traditions
Pagan◦ What is now
Myanmar (849 A.D.)◦ Buddhism introduced
by King Anawrata◦ 1287-early 1400s,
taken over by Mongols from China
◦ Became tributary state of China (owed gifts to Chinese king)
Vietnam Trung Sisters
◦ Chinese ruled Vietnam for 1,000 years Confucianism,
Mahayana Buddhism Independence gained
in 939
Other Civilizations
Khmer Kingdom◦ Most powerful
(Cambodia/South Vietnam)
◦ Peaked in A.D. 85◦ Very advanced
civilization◦ Absorbed much of its
culture from India (trade)
◦ Overtime, Buddhism became more common (though Hinduisms still exists)
Tai Kingdoms (Thailand) Influenced by many
different groups◦ Mongol invasion of other
kingdoms allowed Tai to expand
◦ Still refer to the Chakkri family as the royal family
An Island Empire◦ Srivijaya
Controlled the Strait of Malacca (connected Indian/Pacific oceans)
◦ Various Influences, Islam eventually adopted by many
◦ European colonization
Other Civilizations
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