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Section 2:Section 2: Indian Nations in Indian Nations in
GeorgiaGeorgia• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– Which Indian nations lived in Georgia and how did they live?
Section 2:Section 2: Indian Nations in Indian Nations in
GeorgiaGeorgia
• What peoples do I need to know? – Creek (Muscogee)
– Cherokee
The Creeks (Muscogee)The Creeks (Muscogee)
• Originally from American southwest• Spoke Muskogean• Discovered by early European explorers who
called them Creeks• Lived along Ocheese Creek (today’s
Ocmulgee River)• Lived in italwa and talofa (large villages
surrounded by smaller villages) similar to today’s large city and surrounding suburbs
Creek (Muscogee) LifestyleCreek (Muscogee) Lifestyle • Village center featured a plaza and
rotunda• Games and ceremonies held in plaza• Rotunda was used for council meetings• Wooden huts or log cabins with
chimneys surrounded the plaza• Villages, split from larger villages,
helped form a confederacy• Raised livestock and successful farmers
The CherokeeThe Cherokee • Lived in northwestern mountain region of
the state • Called themselves Awi-yum-wija, which
meant “real people” or “principal people”• Tribal Clans: groups of Cherokee who
believed themselves related by blood• Two tribal chiefs: one for making war and
one for making peacetime decisions• Clans governed on the local level
The Cherokee Family The Cherokee Family
• Family lines were traced through the mother, not the father
• The mother’s brothers took responsibility for raising her children
• Mothers handled most domestic chores; fathers often left home to hunt or trade
• Children played games that prepared them for adulthood
Cherokee LifestyleCherokee Lifestyle • Built homes on high banks or hills along rivers
and streams• Shelters were built from available materials,
often plastered on the exterior to keep out rain and cold
• Log cabins built for winter living • Fishing and raising crops including maize
(corn)• Barter: trading goods and services without
use of money was an economic system
Cherokee Religious BeliefsCherokee Religious Beliefs
• Believed Earth was large island resting on water
• “This World”: tribe was at center of the earth
• “Upper World”: above This World; clean and pure world; Sun and Moon chief gods
• “Under World”: in waters below This World; disorder and change
• Deer and birds were honored; bears were not
Other Cherokee Lifestyle Other Cherokee Lifestyle PracticesPractices
• Drank ginseng potion to shop bleeding or shortness of breath
• Smoked tobacco on ceremonial occasions when seeking the gods’ blessings
• Green Corn Ceremony held to give thanks for corn, the most important food source
• Followed “Law of Retaliation,” avenging a wrong by getting even; this law helped prevent feuds within a tribe
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Click to return to Table of Contents.