Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Section 3:Metals
What are the physical properties of metals?How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of MetalsPhysical Properties
• Luster—shiny or reflective
• Malleability—can be shaped without breaking
• Ductility—can be stretched or rolled out
• Conductivity—electricity and heat move through it
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of MetalsChemical Properties
• React by losing electrons
• Are less reactive toward the center of the table
• Many corrode with air or water
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of Metals
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableAlkali Metals• Group 1• Lose 1 electron in reactions• Most reactive metals• Very soft
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableAlkaline-Earth Metals• Group 2• Lose 2 electron in reactions• 2nd most reactive metals• Hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableTransition Metals• Group 3-12 “the center”• Less reactive metals• Form minerals in lava and rock • Can corrode slowly• Hard, shiny, good electric conductors
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableMixed Group Metals• Group 13-15• Reactive metals• Common
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
The properties of elements within a single group in the periodic table often vary in a certain pattern. The following graph shows the melting points of Group 1 elements (alkali metals) from lithium to francium.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
Melting points decrease from lithium to francium.
Reading Graphs:
As you look at Group 1 from lithium to francium, describe how the melting points of the alkali metals change.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
New element 119 should have a melting point of approximately 25ºC or lower.
Predicting:
If element number 119 were synthesized, it would fall below francium in Group 1 of the periodic table. Predict the approximate melting point of new element 119.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
Cesium, francium
Interpreting Data:
Which of the alkali metals are liquids at 35ºC?
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
End of Section:Metals
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert
Gases, and Semimetals
What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of NonmetalsPhysical Properties
• Opposite of metals
• Most are gases
• Solids are poor conductors, dull, brittle
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of NonmetalsChemical Properties
• Gain or share electrons when reacting
• The basis for living things.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsCarbon Family• Gain or share 4 electrons when reacting• Carbon is essential to molecules of life.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsNitrogen Family• Gain or share 3 electrons when reacting• More reactive than the carbon family
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsOxygen Family• Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting• More reactive than the nitrogen family
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsHalogenFamily• Gain or share 1 electrons when reacting• Most reactive of ALL element groups• Salt forming elements
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsInert (AKA Nobel) Gases• Do NOT react • Last to be discovered
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsHydrogen• NOT in any family of elements• Will lose or share its only electron in reactions• Most pure hydrogen found in stars
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
End of Section: Nonmetals, Inert Gases,
and Semimetals