Section 3.3

Mixtures of Matter

Composition of Matter

Matter

Substance Mixture

Mixtures Combination of two or more pure

substances in which the pure substances retain their chemical properties

Examples

Sand and water Salt and water

Types of Mixtures

Mixtures

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Heterogeneous Mixtures Does not blend smoothly throughout it

Individual components remain distinct areas of the mixture

No uniform distribution of components throughout the mixture

Homogeneous Mixture Constant composition throughout Single phase Also referred to as a solution Can be solid, liquid, or gas

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Heterogeneous or Homogenous?

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?

Separating Mixtures Reverse of mixing Since each component of a mixture retains chemical

composition…

Chemists developed various separation methods

Filtration Solid from liquid separation Uses porous medium Example: Filter paper

Filtration Apparatus

Distillation Homogenous mixture separation Ability of components to form gases Example: Salt water Salt + Pure Water

Distillation Apparatus

Crystallization Used when a solution contains maximum

amount of dissolved substance Add a little more and pure solid particles

are produced

Rock Candy Crystallization

Chromatography “Writing of Colors”

Separation by differing abilities of substances to adhere to various surface solids

Paper, starch

Example: ink separation by paper chromatography

Chromatography Image