Section 4-15 Bacon’s Rebellion Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the...

Section 4-15

Bacon’s Rebellion

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• Sir William Berkeley = the governor of Virginia,

-did many things to anger the colonists

-including not taking care of the Native American problems

(pages 59–60)(pages 59–60)

-Nathaniel Bacon led a farmer’s army in 1676 against the governor but it failed

-But it illustrated the frustration that some farmers felt

http://www.tarvol2.glencoe.com/

Section 1-5

The French and Indian WarThe conflict between the French and English over

dominance in Europe from 1756 – 1763- known as the Seven Year’s War

*Ohio became a source of struggle-1754 Gov. of Va. Sent George Washington to survey

the area-After encountering the French, Washington was later

captured(Washington was allowed to leave unharmed)


Section 1-6

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• Britain finally declared war in 1756

• For the next seven years, the French and Indian War was fought on the frontier.

• Britain was fighting in Europe too so they had to withdraw most of their troops from America

-left the fighting to the colonists & they had to defend themselves

(pages 74–75)(pages 74–75)


• The Treaty of Paris finally ended the war in 1763

-French surrendered all land to Britain and Spain, except for the Louisiana territory

-Britain got all of the land to the Mississippi River


• Results of the F. & I. War(1)Allowed colonists to spread further without fear

of the Indians (2) Indians left without backup (many great

leaders were killed )(3) Allowed some to see our future = one without

the British


Section 1-14


The Colonies Grow Discontented

(pages 76–77)(pages 76–77)

• The 1763 British victory caused an enormous British debt.

-Britain looked to its colonies to help pay for the war.

-desire to keep the colonists under their control prompted the British to pass a controversial act.

-Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited colonists from going past the Appalachian Mountains


Section 5-7

• Parliament had already passed the Navigation Act of 1660,

-which required all goods imported or exported from the colonies to be transported on English ships.

• -they angered colonial merchants, who in most cases broke the new laws.

• Surprised many in Britain –why?

-expected absolute loyalty from the colonies


(pages 65–66)(pages 65–66)


Section 5-5


• -Theory of Mercantilism explains why.

-Colonies existed to benefit the mother country

-colonies were to give raw materials and serve as a market for manufactured goods

-also they were not to compete with the mother country in trading

-”salutary neglect “– Br left the colonies alone but expected them to obey Br economically

(pages 65–66)(pages 65–66)


Section 1-22


Acts of Crisis• Parliament had already passed several acts

(including the Sugar and Stamp acts) & the colonists were increasing angry

• --”no taxation without representation”

. -The Quartering Act, 1765, forced the colonists to pay more for their own defense by providing places for British troops in the colonies to stay.

-Why?

(pages 77–78)(pages 77–78)


Section 1-24


Colonists felt that they had had enough

-began to boycott British goods.

(agreeing not to buy any British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed)

-The protests led to the Stamp Act being repealed in 1766.

(pages 77–78)(pages 77–78)


Section 1-32


-On March 5, 1770,

-British troops were on patrol in Boston

-colonists began to say things to the soldiers and even throwing snowballs at them.

-feeling threatened, the soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists in Boston;

-this became the Boston Massacre.

-The British were viewed as tyrants who were killing people standing up for their rights.

(pages 78–79)(pages 78–79)


An engraving by Paul Revere


Section 2-8

Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773,

-to help the almost bankrupt East India Tea Company

-increased the tax on tea, which upset the colonists

-colonists had had enough



Section 2-9

• In December 1773, tea ships from the East India Company arrived in Boston Harbor.

-Colonists boarded the ship and dumped the tea into the harbor.

-This became known as the Boston Tea Party.

-1774 Britain passed the Intolerable Acts

-closed Boston Harbor

-1774 1st Continental Congress met to officially protest the British treatment of the colonies

-but it did little good


(pages 82–85)(pages 82–85)



Intro 1

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Section 2-18

• Fearing that the colonies might be on the edge of revolt, Britain wanted to secure its’ weapons in the colonies

• On April 18, 1775, British General Gage went to the depot at Concord & Lexington

• about 70 minutemen were waiting for them.

• The British fired at the minutemen, killing 8 and wounding 10.

The Revolution Begins


(pages 85–87)(pages 85–87)


Section 2-21

• After the battles at Lexington and Concord, the 2nd Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to address the issue of defense.

• On June 15, 1775, Congress appointed George Washington to head the Continental Army.

• By this time, many were thinking of separating from Britain


(pages 85–87)(pages 85–87)


Section 5-20

Influences on the Founding Fathers

• John Locke, a political philosopher

-believed that all people were born with natural rights, including the right to life, liberty, and property.


(pages 66–67)(pages 66–67)

-also believed that if a government violated people’s rights, the people were justified in changing the government.


Section 2-25


• In July 1775, the Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to the king. -said that the colonies were still loyal to King George III

-asked the king to call off the army while a compromise could be made.

-he refused to look at it

(pages 87–89)(pages 87–89)

The Decision for Independence


Section 2-30

• - Thomas Paine’s Common Sense is released

• In January 1776, Common Sense, by Thomas Paine, caused many coloniststo call for independence from Britain.

• On July 4, 1776, Continental Congress accepted a document written by Thomas Jefferson.

-stated why the colonies had to separate

-pleaded with other countries to understand and not get involved

• -Sent Declaration of Independence to King George


(pages 87–89)(pages 87–89)


Causes and Effects 3


M/C 3-1


Groups in America:

(1) Americans who remained loyal to the king were called Loyalists, or Tories.

(2) The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were tyrants.

• What groups of people made up each group?


Turning Point of the WarIn 1777, the British tried to achieve the goal of

cutting new England off from the rest of the colonies.

• The victory at Saratoga led to an alliance with France.

***Both France and Spain worried about American expansion.


Section 3-30

• British General Cornwallis was to secure a naval base on the coast, and he headed to the coastal town of Yorktown.

• On September 28, 1781, American and French troops surrounded Yorktown.

• On October 19, 1781, British troops surrendered.

The War is Won


(pages 98–99)(pages 98–99)


Section 3-31

• The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783.

• In the treaty, the British recognized the United States as a new nation with the Mississippi River as its western border.

• Now what to do? How do we establish a new government?


(pages 98–99)(pages 98–99)


Section 4-21

The Achievements of theConfederation


• In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation.

-This was a plan for a loose union of the states under Congress.

(pages 103–105)(pages 103–105)


AOC FOLDABLE

1.Weaknesses of the AOC

2.Sucesses of the AOC

3.Problems that you think it will create

p. 16


-Weak national government / strong state governments – opposite of England’s

-No President to enforce laws – feared he might become a king

-One-house Congress with little power

-No way to tax, support a national military, print money, or enforce its laws

***Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – only successful act of the AOC\

-created a fair system of settling the territories to the west


M/C 4-3


EXIT SLIP

1.What was the name of the first government that the US operated under?

2.Name 2 weaknesses of it?

3.What was the only success of that government?



At the bottom of the chart,

answer this question:

Which of the weaknesses do you feel was the most difficult to

overcome as a nation?


Dissatisfaction with the ConfederationEach state government had own laws, currency

– little cooperation• Gov’t couldn’t pay pensions to soldiers as

promised• Shays’ Rebellion – western Massachusetts,

1786-87 – debt-ridden farmers rebelled when state took farms & imprisoned debtors

• Crisis convinced many Americans a better system was needed


A NEW NATIONAL GOVERNMENT• 1787, Wanted to ONLY REVISE the AOC.• -George Washington was presiding officer.

• -James Madison kept records of the debates.

• -The meetings were closed to the public.

• Several issues were at the heart of the debates

***Lets look at some of those issues***


Issue #1: Representation in Congress?

**The New Jersey Plan proposed

-a unicameral legislature, with one vote for each state

(favored which size states?)

-a weak executive and Congress

Why?


**The Virginia Plan proposed

-a strong executive,

-a strong bicameral legislature.

(favored which size states?)


Section 5-11

Solution: Connecticut Compromise: -a House of Representatives with state

representation based on population-a Senate with two members from each state,

regardless of size.

-This compromise gave the large states an advantage in the House and protected the smaller states in the Senate.


Section 5-16

Issue #2: H of R numbers based on?

-Southern states = Wanted slaves to count for representation, but not for taxation

-Northern states = wanted slaves to count for taxation, not representation


(pages 110–111)(pages 110–111)


• -The 3/5 Compromise came up with a plan for counting enslaved people in a state.

• Every five enslaved people in a = three free persons for determining both representation and taxes.


Conflict #3: Federalists vs Anti-Federalists• Constitution had to be ratified (approved) by 9

of the 13 states• Federalists thought central government should

be strong – James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay – The Federalist Papers

• Anti-Federalists feared power of central government; took too much power from the states – Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson


Solution: Bill of Rights• Proposed in 1789 to settle debate between

Federalists and anti-Federalists• Listed citizens’ basic rights in the new

government


Ratifying the Constitution

• The Constitution was going to be a tough sell

-James Madison, Alexander, Hamilton, and John Jay wrote The Federalist Papers

-85 essays supporting the elements in the Constitution


The Constitution-7 Articles

-Preamble – introduction, what it is supposed to do

p. C1

-write down the parts of the Constitution

-Ex: Art. I = Legislative Branch

-Also add that there are 27 Amendments


Section 5-19

PRINCIPLES IN THE CONSTITUTION


(1) popular sovereignty, or rule by the people.

(2 federalism

(3) Judicial review

(4) Limited government – limits the power of the national government

(pages 111–112)(pages 111–112)


Section 5-20

(5) The Constitution provided for a separation of powers among the three branches of government.

-The legislative branch makes the laws.

-The executive branch enforces the laws.

-The judicial branch interprets federal laws.

(6) Checks and balances – each branch can check the powers of the others


(pages 111–112)(pages 111–112)

(7) Republican Government – Citizens elect representatives (legislators) to make laws for them.



EXIT SLIP

1.How is Congress set up by the Constitution?

2.How was the issue of counting slaves resolved?

3.Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?


The Amendments

1st = right to religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

2nd = right to keep weapons

3rd = no quartering of troops

4th = no search or seizure w/o a warrant

=searching when arrested

5th = rights of the accused (ex. - when arrested)

= no double jeopardy

= don’t have to testify against yourself

=eminent domain – govt can take your property as long as they pay you for it


6th = right to a speedy trial

= right to have an attorney at trial

=right to confront witnesses

7th = rightt to a trial by jury in civil cases

8th = no cruel & unusual punishment

=no unreasonable bail

9th = rights reserved to the people

10th = rights reserved to the states


13th = abolished slavery

14th = nationalized citizenship

15th = gave all men the right to vote

18th = prohibited the make, sale, & transportation of alcohol

19th = gave women the rt to vote

21st = repealed the 18th

22nd = 2-term or 10 yr limit for President


25th = presidential line of succession

26th = 18 yr olds can vote


A Living Document• Constitution can change through amendments

(changes or additions) as culture and country change

• Only 27 Amendments have been added


EXIT SLIP

1.What 3 amendments were added after the Civil War?

2.Name ONE amendment that deals with voting.

3.How is the Constitution considered to be a living document?

4.If you could keep only ONE of the Bill of Rights, which one would it be and why?


Exit SlipIf you could keep only ONE of the first 8 amendments, which one would you keep

and why?

Be prepared to share your answer.


Section 5-12

In what ways did the Virginia Plan and theNew Jersey Plan differ?

The Virginia Plan wanted to throw out the Articles of Confederation, while the New Jersey Plan wanted to revise the Articles of Confederation. The Virginia Plan called for two houses of Congress with representation based on a state’s population. The New Jersey Plan called for one house of Congress with equal representation. The Virginia Plan called for three branches of government, the New Jersey Plan did not.

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(pages 108–110)(pages 108–110)

The Constitutional Convention (cont.)


Foundations of Democracy• U.S. has a democratic republic – people

have the power to rule and elect representatives to serve in government

• Based on ideas from Greeks and Romans, British political system, and philosophers from the Enlightenment


A Federal System

• Adoption of the Constitution made the U.S. into a federal system – government powers shared between national and state & local governments

•National gov’t = Washington, D.C.•State gov’ts = state capitals•Local gov’ts = county courthouse or city hall


EXIT SLIP

1.What is the principle of separation of powers?

2.What is the name for the powers of the courts to review laws?

3.What is the term for the division of powers between the national and state governments?


Section 5-26

How does the Constitution provide for a separation of powers?



A Framework for Limited Government (cont.)

(pages 111–112)(pages 111–112)


Section 5-27

It provides for three branches of government. The legislative branch makes the laws. It is made up of the two houses of Congress. The executive branch enforces the laws. It is headed by a president. The judicial branch interprets federal laws. It is made up of a system of federal courts.

A Framework for Limited Government (cont.)

(pages 111–112)(pages 111–112)


Chapter Summary 1

Chapter Assessment 5



Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)

Why did King George III issue the Proclamation of 1763?

King George issued the Proclamation of 1763 to prevent war with Native Americans over the settlement of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains.





Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)

How did the Founders provide for a separation of powers in the federal government?

They specified three branches–executive, legislative, and judicial–each with specific powers. The legislative branch would make laws; the executive branch would implement and enforce laws, and the judicial branch would interpret laws. No one is allowed to serve in more than one branch at the same time.





Critical Thinking

Analyzing Themes: Civic Rights and Responsibilities What rights did the colonists want from Britain?

The colonists wanted the right to tax themselves, trial by jury, protection against home searches without a warrant, and government seizing property without court proceedings.





Critical Thinking (cont.)

Evaluating In the colonies, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense influenced public opinion on the issue of declaring independence. Why do you think this happened?

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense influenced public opinion because it spoke against the monarchy in principle, and it roused the feelings of the colonists.


M/C 4-2

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