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7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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ESTeem RF Design Tools
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Presentation Overview
• Review Radio Basics
– Terminology
•
Use Information from Radio Basics and AntennaSections
• Use RF Design Program
–
Initial Site Work– Using RF Design Program
– Site !am"le
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Presentation Overview
• ac# Radio A""lication is Uni$%e
– Wireless is &eing a""lied in many a""lications&%t few #ave a working knowledge of designing a
s%ccessf%l wireless system• Selecting A Wireless 'endor
– Di((ying array ranges from vendors
–
Provide tools to "ersonally review s"ecifications
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Ste"s to S%ccessf%l Radio )etwork
• RF System Design
– Review *a"s
– RF Design Program Analysis
• On+Site Radio Site S%rvey
– P#ysical Ins"ection and Testing
– ,onfirming Res%lts from RF System Design
• Site ,ommissioning
– Same Testing on Installed System
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Presentation Overview
• RF Design Program
– ,onservative model of e!"ected radio res%lts-• Installed #ardware generally #ig#er signal strengt#s
– Allows for modification to system design "rior toinstallation if "ro&lems are fo%nd• ,#ange Antenna Ty"e
• ,#ange ,oa! ,a&le Ty"es
– Provides means of determining e!"ected dataerrors
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Earth
Antenna A Antenna B
Minimum
Height (ft.)Minimum
Height (ft.)
Distance (miles)
Radio Horizon
Directional
Antenna
mni!directional
Antenna
Bottom Reference "ine
for Height #learance
*inim%m Antenna .eig#t Re$%iredto ,lear t#e Radio .ori(on
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Fresnel /one s#ows t#e elli"soid s"read of t#e radio waves
• Area m%st &e clear of o&str%ctions or signal strengt# will &e red%ced
• Blockage in 012 will ind%ce significant signal losses
• Use for fre$%encies a&ove 311 *.(
Fresnel /one
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Basics + ffective Radiated Power
• ffective Radiated Power 4RP5 6 T! Power + Feedline 7osses 8
Antenna 9ain
• Received Signal 6 R! Power + Feedline losses 8 Antenna 9ain
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Basics + Fade *argin
• Receiver Sensitivity is t#e minim%m signal level in dBneeded &y t#e receiver to o%t"%t received data:
• Fade *argin in dB is t#e amo%nt of received signal a&ove t#ereceiver;s minim%m re$%ired %sea&le Receiver Sensitivity:
•
Fade *argin is controlled &y– Transmitter Power
– Transmitter feedline atten%ation
– Transmitting antenna gain
– Receiving antenna gain
– Receiver feedline atten%ation
– Receiver Sensitivity Minimum Recei$er Sensiti$it%
Ma&imum Recei$ed
Signal Strength
Fade Margin ' sale
Range of Recei$er
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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•
.ow m%c# Fade *argin<– Im"erfect world and t#ings are constantly c#anging:
• $%i"ment ages• Antennas go o%t of alignment•
Une!"ected man+made noise=interference– Basic r%les of t#%m& for digital transceivers:
• >1 dB + >12 link retries• ?1 dB + >2 link retries• @1 dB + :>2 link retries
– 7ink 7isted *arginal >1dB• Over >1dB Fade *argin 6 9reen• >+>1d& Fade *argin 6 ellow 4*arginal5• 7ess t#an >dB 6 Red 4Site )ot O"erational5
RF Basics + Fade *argin
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Draw a sim"le layo%t of t#e "ro"osed system:• Determine 7ine+of+Sig#t 47OS5 distances
&etween eac# "oint to "oint radio "at# &yC
– Site ma"s:– If 7atit%de and longit%de are known %se t#e
Distance Between Two Points ,alc%latorE in t#eRF Design Program:
– Use a #and #eld 9PS:
– 9oogle art#
Initial Site Work
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• *ost Radio Systems are designed as a*%lti"leE of Point to Point RF Pat#s
– Base to Remote
– Base to Re"eater
– Re"eater to Remote
– Re"eater to Re"eater
• ac# Pat# )eeds val%ation
Initial Site Work
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Sketc# a site diagram and distances &etween site nodes:)ote 7OS &lockages:
N
*um+ Site ,-
#ontrol Room
*um+ Site ,
/ater Tan0
*um+ Site ,1
" S
"S" S
" S
2 m i l e s
3 . 3
m i l e
s
3 m i l e s
1 miles
"S"S
Initial Site Work
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Find t#e elevation of eac# node a&ove sealevel:– Reference ma"s or %se a #and #eld 9PS:
– 9oogle art#• stimate installed antenna #eig#t at eac#
node a&ove gro%nd level to ac#ieve 7OS todestination site:
• stimate feedline lengt# from antenna toe$%i"ment ca&inet:
Initial Site Work
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Antenna
Feedline
"ength
E4ui+ment
#ainet
Terrain Height
Ao$e Sea "e$el
Height of Antenna
Ao$e 5round for
"S *ath
Initial Site Work
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• ,alc%late Elevation Differential &etween t#e lowestnode and t#e remaining nodes:
•
,alc%lated t#e Adjusted Antenna Height.– Site levation Differential 8 Antenna .eig#t a&ove
gro%nd:
Initial Site Work
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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6ame Site Ele$. Ele$. Dif. Ant. Hgt. Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh.
Control Room 560 80 20 100 30
Pump Site #1 570 90 20 110 30
Pump Site #2 820 340 20 360 30
Water Tank 1100 620 120 740 130
Pump Site #3 480 0 15 15 30
Site 8nformation
Calulate Elevation
Differential !et"eenlo"et no$e an$
remainin% no$e&
Adjusted Antenna Height '
(le)ation *i++erential ,
-ntenna .ei%/t a!o)e
%roun$&
Initial Site Work
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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N
*um+ Site ,-
#ontrol Room
*um+ Site ,
/ater Tan0
*um+ Site ,1
2 m i l e s
3 . 3
m i l e
s
3 m i l e s
1 miles
"S"S
Site 7ayo%t *a" and Information
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Use t#e RF Site Design Program on eac#"oint+to+"oint RF "at#:
– In t#is e!am"le we will %se t#e STeem >3Gg
–?:H 9.( Fre$%ency
– Use yo%r Site Information Ta&le data
– Use 'endor information on transceiver selected• T#e RF Site Design Program will "rovide STeem
#ardware recommended for o"erating fre$%encyselected
– nter data in t#e Data ntry ey Board
RF Site Design Program
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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Standard nclos%re *o%nting
"ightningArrestor
- n t e n n a P o r t
( 0 u i p m e n t P o r t
Directional
Antennas
mni!Directional
Antenna
#oa& #aleESTeem
Model 93Eg
*o:er Su++l%
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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*odel >3G O%tdoor Pole *o%nt
Model 93Eg
mni!Directional AntennaModel 93E utdoorFi&ed Base Hard:are
Diagram
Direct *ole Mount
*ole Mounting ;it(ST PN --195P
*o:er $er
Ethernet #ale(t/ernet C-T5e Ca!le 300 +t& maimum
/eather *roof Boot
/eather *roof Front
#o$er
Antenna Feedline
E&ternal Antennas
Directional
Antennas
/eather *roofBoot
/eather *roof Boot
To "A6
8nterface
*oE *o:er Su++l%
(ST PN --175
Ethernet Surge
*rotection(ST PN --166
(t/ernet
C-T 5e Ca!le
(ST PN --09&2
nit S/o"n Wit/ Ru!!er *ut -ntenna
Direct Mount Antennas
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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O%tdoor *o%nting Benefits
• Remove 7ong ,oa! ,a&le Re$%ired– 7ower cost 4J0G+JG11 Savings5
– 7ower signal loss
•
)o 7ig#tning Arrestor )eeded– 7ower cost 4J>?1 Savings5
– Also removes loss in K%m"er ca&le
•
)o nclos%re )eeded– 9reatly red%ced design and installation costs 4J@11
Savings5
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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N
*um+ Site ,-
#ontrol
Room
/ater Tan0
*um+ Site ,1
2 m i l e s
3 . 3
m i l e
s
3 m i l e s
1 miles
"S"S
*erform a RF *ath Anal%sis from the #ontrol
Room to *um+ Site ,.
6ame Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh. Ant. T%+e
#ontrol Room << 1< mni!Dir.
*um+ Site , < 1< Direction
*um+ Site ,
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to P%m" Site L>
# l i
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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6ame Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh. Ant. T%+e
#ontrol Room << 1< mni!Dir.
*um+ Site , < 1< Direction
*ath Distance= 2 miles
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to P%m" Site L>
# l i
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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> 8n this e&am+le :e used the highest R& Sensiti$it% of !?9 dB for a RF data rate
of M+s. This :ill gi$e a -.@ dB Fade Margin for a 2 mile +ath length.
> /hat :ould e the ma&imum data rate for this RF lin0
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to P%m" Site L>
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF O%t"%t Power 7evels
• Peak Power vs Average Power– Based %"on ty"e of mod%lation ty"e
– *a!im%m for "eak "ower set &y F,,=DO,
• *od%lation– Average "ower and "eak same in Direct Se$%ence
– *a!im%m "eaks in OFD* #as lower average "ower
• Average "ower %sed in RF Design Program– *od%lation ty"e &ased %"on data rate
– 'erify all RF data rates and "ower levels
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Data Rate Analysis L>
• Only availa&le for wireless t#ernet "rod%cts >3GgM >3G" and >3Gd• nter site information same as RF Pat# Analysis
• Fade margin res%lts for eac# data rate– Over >1dB Fade *argin 6 9reen– >+>1d& Fade *argin 6 ellow 4*arginal5– 7ess t#an >dB Fade *argin 6 Red 4Site )ot O"erational5
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Data Rate Analysis L>
• *a!im%m design data rate for a""lication wo%ld &e 3 *&"s• *a!im%m "ossi&le data rate is >N *&"s
• Act%al Data Rates ,o%ld Be .ig#er in )ormal O"eration– >3G will not reserve >1dB in o"eration– >3G will maintain #ig#est data rate "ossi&le
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Same a""lication %sing #ig#er gain directional antenna
• AA?1Hg >3dB Para&olic directional antenna
• 7egal for %se from single remote to omni+directional
RF Data Rate Analysis L?
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Data Rate Analysis L?
• *%c# #ig#er RF Data Rates availa&le wit# #ig#er fade margin
• *a!im%m design data rate for a""lication wo%ld &e ?H *&"s
• *a!im%m "ossi&le data rate is HN *&"s
RF P t# A l i
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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N
*um+ Site ,-
#ontrol Room
*um+ Site ,
/ater Tan0
*um+ Site ,1
2 m i l e s
3 . 3 m i l e
s
3 m i l e s
"S"S
*erform a RF *ath Anal%sis from the #ontrol Room to
*um+ Site ,-.
- 2 M ) + s
1 miles
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to P%m" Site L?
RF P t# A l i
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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*ath Distance= 3 miles
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to P%m" Site L?
RF Pat# Anal sis
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to P%m" Site L?
• *a!im%m design data rate for a""lication wo%ld &e ?H *&"s
• *a!im%m "ossi&le data rate is @0 *&"s
RF Pat# Analysis
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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6ame Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh. Ant. T%+e
Control Room 100 30 mni*ir&
Water Tank 740 130 mni*ir&
N
*um+ Site ,-
#ontrol Room
*um+ Site ,
*um+ Site ,1
2 m i l e s
3
. 3 m i l e
s
3 m i l e s
"S"S/ater Tan0
1 m i l e s
*erform a RF *ath Anal%sis from the #ontrol Room to /ater Tan0.
- 2 M ) + s- 2 M ) + s
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to Water Tank
RF Pat# Analysis
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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*ath Distance= 1 miles
6ame Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh. Ant. T%+e
Control Room 100 30 mni*ir&
Water Tank 740 130 mni*ir&
RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to Water Tank
RF Pat# Analysis
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Pat# Analysis,ontrol Room to Water Tank
• *a!im%m design data rate for a""lication wo%ld &e 3 *&"s
• *a!im%m "ossi&le data rate is ?H *&"s
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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N
*um+ Site ,-
#ontrol Room
*um+ Site ,
*um+ Site ,1
6ame Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh. Ant. T%+e
/ater Tan0 B2< 1< mni!Dir.
*um+ Site ,1 3 1< Directional
Site 8nformation
2 m i l e s
3 . 3 m i l e
s
3 m i l e s
"S"S/ater Tan0
1 miles
*erform a RF *ath Anal%sis from the /ater Tan0 to *um+ Site ,1.
- 2 M ) + s - 2 M )
+ s
9 M)+s
Water Tank to P%m" Site L@
RF Pat# Analysis
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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*ath Distance= 3.3 miles
6ame Ad7. Ant. Hgt. Feedline "gh. Ant. T%+e
/ater Tan0 B2< 1< mni!Dir.
*um+ Site ,1 3 1< Directional
Site 8nformation
RF Pat# AnalysisWater Tank to P%m" Site L@
RF Pat# Analysis
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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RF Pat# AnalysisWater Tank to P%m" Site L@
• *a!im%m design data rate for a""lication wo%ld &e ?H *&"s
• *a!im%m "ossi&le data rate is @0 *&"s
Pole *o%nting
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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• Pro&lem areas– Fresnel Zone Warning
• Increase #eig#t of t#e P%m" Site L@ Antenna – )eed to increase from >G ft: to @@ ft: to &e a&ove t#e minim%m #eig#t re$%irements for t#e
Fresnel /one:
– In t#is e!am"le I increased #eig#t to H1 ft: for a margin of error:
Pole *o%ntingWater Tank to P%m" Site L@
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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*odel >3Gg *a!im%m Range
•
Two Directional Antennas– AA?1Hg is t#e #ig#est gain antenna t#at t#e %nit is ty"e
acce"ted for:
– >3 dB gain
• ,a&le 7oss
– :0 dB &eca%se t#e %nit is "ole mo%nted:
•
Range– >3 miles > *&"s 0 dB Fade *argin
– N miles GH *&"s 0 dB Fade *argin
7/24/2019 SECTION 4 - RF System Design.ppt
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•
Range– >3 miles > *&"s 0 dB Fade *argin
• Antenna .eig#t 6 HM1>1 ft at eac# end
• Fresnel /one 40125 6 >NG feet
• This would probably be usable only from mountain topto mountain top
– N miles GH *&"s 0 dB Fade *argin
• Antenna .eig#t 6 GH ft: at eac# end• T#is is a "ractical #eig#t
*odel >3Gg *a!im%m Range
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• Two Omni+Directional Antennas
– AA?1g
– 0 dB gain
• ,a&le 7oss
– :0 dB &eca%se t#e %nit is "ole mo%nted
• Range 0 dB wit# Fade *argin
1 !p ' 9&0 mile minimum antenna /ei%/t o+ 45 +t&
5&5 !p ' 5&7 mile minimum antenna /ei%/t o+ 36 +t&
11 !p ' 4&0 mile minimum antenna /ei%/t o+
31 +t& 24 !p ' 2&0 mile minimum antenna /ei%/t
o+ 26 +t& 54 !p ' 0&4 mile minimum antenna
/ei%/t o+ 14 +t&
*odel >3Gg *a!im%m Range
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,oncl%sions
•
d%cation is Best *eans to ,onfidence– Relia&ility is only as good as t#e system design
• Use t#e Tools
– ,om"are different vendor;s #ardware– Review s"ecifications and claims
• Radio A""lications Are )ot Diffic%lt
– Planing and eval%ation are &est keys to s%ccess