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Section Four the Flower
Part One Makeup and Shape
Definition The flower is a abnormal short shoot.
Physiological Function through blossom out and pollination ,than raise
up seed.
For example , Flos Carthami( 红花 ) , Flos C
aryophylli( 丁香 ) , Flos Chrysanthemi( 菊花 )
Flos Lonicerae( 金银花 ) , Flos Mgnoliae( 辛夷 ) ,Pollen Pini( 松花粉 ),Stigma Croci( 番红花 ) and etc.
Medicinal Values
Flos CarthamiFlos Caryophylli
Flos Chrysanthemi
Flos Lonicerae Flos Mgnoliae
Ornamental Values
Paeonia ostiiLanhua
Tanhua
1.Corolla2.Anther3.Filament4.Stigma5.Style6.Ovary7.Receptacle8.Calyx9.pedicel
Composing of Flower
The composing of Flower
1.Composition
★Pedicel
★Receptacle
★Perianth calyx
corolla
☆cruciferous corolla
☆papilionaceous ~☆labiate ~☆tubular ~☆ligulate ~
the Types of Corolla
☆funnel-shaped ~☆Campanulate ~☆urceolate ~☆salver-shaped ~☆rotate ~
Types of Corolla
1.cruciferous corolla2.papilionaceous ~3.labiate ~4.tubular ~ and ligulate ~5.funnel-shaped ~6.Campanulate ~7.rotate ~8.salver-shaped ~
★androecium filament anther
Types distinct stamen diadelphous ~ didynamous ~ polyadelphous ~ tetradynamous ~ syngenesious ~ monadelphous ~
Type of Stamen
1.Monadelphous stamen
2.Diadelphous stamen
3.Didynamous stamen
4.Tetradynamous stamen
5.Polyadelphous stamen
6.Syngenesious stamen
Type of Stamen1.Didynamous stamen2.Polyadelphous stamen 3.Monadelphous
stamen 4.Synantherous stamen 5.Diadelphous stamen 6.Tetradynamous stamen
★gynoecium stigma style ovary
Types: simple pistil compound pistil
Type of Pistil
1.Simple pistil 2.syncarpous pistil 3. syncarpous pistil
4.simple pistil 5.apocarpous pistil
Ovary superior ovary(hypogynous flower) inferior ovary(epigynous flower) half-inferior ovary(perigynous flowe
r)
Part Two Type of Flower
★complete flower,incomplete flower ★double perianth flower,simple ~, naked ~ ★bisexual flower,unisexual ~ ,monoecism ,dio
ecism,asexual ~ ★actinomorphic flower, zygomorphic ~ ,asym
metric ~
Type of Flower
Ⅰ.naked flower
Ⅱ. Simple flower
Ⅲ.double perianth flowewr
1.Bract 2.calyx 3.corolla
Type of Flower1. naked flower 2. double perianth flowewr
3.4. Simple flower
Part Three Flower Formula and Flower Diagram
Flower Formula it show composing , arrange , location
and each other relation of flower with letter, number and symbol.
1.Letter P:perianthium K:kelch C:corolla A:androecium G:gynoecium 2. Number 0 wanting or degenerate ∞ ≥10 or unsureness Carpel:ovary room:ovule
3.Symbol *: actinomorphic flower ↑: zygomorphic flower :bisexual flower ♂:staminate flower ♀:pistillate flower ( ) adnation + ring G: superior ovary G : inferior ovary G: half-inferior ovary
桑科 (Moraceae)
♂P4 ~ 6A4 ~ 6 ♀P4 ~ 6G ( 2 : 1 : 1 )
罂粟科 (Papaveraceae)
*↑K2 C4 ~ 6A4 ~ 6,∞G (2 ~∞: 1 :∞ )
For instance
百合科 (Liliaceae )
*P3+3 ,( 3+3 ) A3+3 G ( 3: 3 : ∞ )
毛茛科 (Ranunculaceae)
*↑K3 ~∞ C3 ~∞, 0A ∞G1 ~∞: 1 : 1 ~∞
Flower Diagram It is the illustration drawing by transverse se
ction of flower.
Part Four Inflorescence
Inflorescence The way in which the flower arranges
regularly on the rachis and open order are called inflorescence.
★Indefinite ~ : Raceme spike catkin Spadix Corymb umbel Capitulum hypanthodium
Type of Inflorescence
1.Raceme 2.spike 3.corymb 4.catkin 5.spadix 6.umbel 7.head 8.hypanthodium 9. panicle 10.cyme
Type of Inflorescence1.Raceme 2. spike 3. spadix 4.catkin 5. corymb 6.umbel
7.head 8.hypanthodium 9. panicle 10.cyme
11.Verticillaster12.coniform spike
★Definite ~ : Monochasium dichasium Pleiochasium verticillaster
Type of Definite Inflorescence
1.Hericoid cyme2.Scorpioid cyme
3.Dichasium4.Pleiochasium 5 . Verticillaster
Type of Definite Inflorescence1. Scorpioid cyme 2. Hericoid cyme
3.Dichasium 4.Pleiochasium
Part Five Physiological Function
1.Anthesis self pollination
2.pollination cross pollination
3.fertilization
Part six microscopic structure(一) calyx1 epidermis2 mesophyll3 vein
( 二 ) Morphology of pollen grain
Morphology of pollen grain
Review Questions 一 .Definition flower , androecium , gynoecium, placenta,
complete flower , incomplete flower , double perianth flower , simple perianth flower , naked flower , bisexual flower , unisexual flower , asexual flower , flower formula
二 .simple answer 1.what is the function of the flower? 2.what is the composing of the flower?