Section IV: A Limited Monarchy in Section IV: A Limited Monarchy in England England (Pages 402-407)(Pages 402-407)

Section IV: A Limited Monarchy in Section IV: A Limited Monarchy in England England (Pages 402-407)(Pages 402-407)

This section is about:This section is about: The conflicts between the The conflicts between the

kings of England and kings of England and Parliament over religion Parliament over religion and political power.and political power.

How parliament gradually How parliament gradually took on more power and took on more power and imposed significant imposed significant limitations on the limitations on the monarchy with the English monarchy with the English Bill of Rights.Bill of Rights.

•One of the two “Main Ideas” on page 402 impacts America – and who we are (even today).

•Which one do you think? Why?

•The big argument in England at this time is on page 407: King vs. Parliament.

•What is Parliament?

The Early Stuarts The Early Stuarts and the English Civil Warand the English Civil War

Queen Elizabeth died Queen Elizabeth died and James VI of Scotland and James VI of Scotland (distant cousin) took (distant cousin) took over.over.

King James I (same guy) King James I (same guy) was the son of Mary was the son of Mary Queen of Scots.Queen of Scots.

Now – England and Now – England and Scotland's thrones were Scotland's thrones were combined (first time).combined (first time).

He and the kings who He and the kings who ruled after him are called ruled after him are called the Stuarts (family the Stuarts (family name)name)

James I and Rule by Divine James I and Rule by Divine RightRight

King JamesKing James I was anti- I was anti-Puritan.Puritan.

Many members of Many members of Parliament were Puritan.Parliament were Puritan.

Puritans didnPuritans didn’’t like t like Protestant ideas.Protestant ideas.

Parliament was afraid Parliament was afraid James I would add some James I would add some new taxes (he needed more new taxes (he needed more money and many of them money and many of them were landowners whowere landowners who’’d d have to pay them).have to pay them).

So, the King and Parliament So, the King and Parliament were not going to get along were not going to get along very well.very well.

…………………………………………

James I claimed he ruled by James I claimed he ruled by divine right. divine right.

He was responsible only to He was responsible only to God – not Parliament.God – not Parliament.

Parliament was not ready to Parliament was not ready to accept this – and absolute accept this – and absolute power was against English power was against English tradition.tradition.

James I remained anti-James I remained anti-Puritan.Puritan.

He even had He even had the Bible the Bible translated into translated into EnglishEnglish (the (the King James version is King James version is stillstill one of the most widely used one of the most widely used bibles).bibles).

Some Puritans had enough Some Puritans had enough and many decided to leave and many decided to leave England – including one England – including one group who took a boat to group who took a boat to America (the Mayflower).America (the Mayflower).

Charles ICharles I and Civil and Civil WarWar

1625: Charles I took over: with 1625: Charles I took over: with the same ideas about absolute the same ideas about absolute monarchy as his father.monarchy as his father.

He married a French Roman He married a French Roman Catholic (similar to the Anglican Catholic (similar to the Anglican Church) and that also made Church) and that also made many angry – and more people many angry – and more people (Puritans) left for the Americas.(Puritans) left for the Americas.

Remember – he was also king of Remember – he was also king of Scotland (many of them were Scotland (many of them were Calvinists).Calvinists).

When he tried to change them to When he tried to change them to Anglicans, they revolted.Anglicans, they revolted.

To stop the revolt, he needed the To stop the revolt, he needed the help of Parliament – and he help of Parliament – and he didndidn’’t get it.t get it.

There was a civil war – Charles There was a civil war – Charles led one group – Oliver Cromwell led one group – Oliver Cromwell led the winners.led the winners.

1649: Charles was tried for 1649: Charles was tried for treason, found guilt, and was treason, found guilt, and was beheaded – yes beheaded.beheaded – yes beheaded.

Horrible Histories: The English Civil War

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell and the and the

CommonwealthCommonwealth Oliver Cromwell then ruled Oliver Cromwell then ruled

England for a while (as a England for a while (as a republic called a republic called a commonwealth).commonwealth).

At the time, Scotland didnAt the time, Scotland didn’’t like t like that their king was beheaded, that their king was beheaded, so they came after Cromwell.so they came after Cromwell.

Cromwell also had problems Cromwell also had problems with the Irish Roman Catholics.with the Irish Roman Catholics.

To get control of England, To get control of England, Cromwell felt a need to use Cromwell felt a need to use martial lawmartial law (the military was in (the military was in charge).charge).

People were tired of all this and People were tired of all this and by 1660, Parliament decided to by 1660, Parliament decided to bring back a Monarch (Charles bring back a Monarch (Charles II), who had been in France at II), who had been in France at the time.the time.

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell’’s story is interesting: Despite being a s story is interesting: Despite being a devout Puritan, he drank, danced, hunted, enjoyed music, devout Puritan, he drank, danced, hunted, enjoyed music, and did not even object to horse racing or plays. Cromwell and did not even object to horse racing or plays. Cromwell is said to have loved practical jokes. In spite of his is said to have loved practical jokes. In spite of his achievements and successes, in January, 1661, twelve achievements and successes, in January, 1661, twelve years after the execution of Charles I and three years after years after the execution of Charles I and three years after CromwellCromwell’’s death, his corpse was dug up and brought to s death, his corpse was dug up and brought to Tyburn (the tradition site of public executions). There his Tyburn (the tradition site of public executions). There his body was hanged and decapitated.body was hanged and decapitated. The Execution of Cromwell

Restoration, Revolution, Restoration, Revolution,

and the Triumph of Parliamentand the Triumph of Parliament Charles II was a better Charles II was a better

ruler and politician ruler and politician than his father and than his father and grandfather.grandfather.

But there were still But there were still some problems some problems between him and between him and Parliament (who he Parliament (who he didndidn’’t want to get t want to get mad).mad).

Charles II is Welcomed Back to England

Charles II and the Charles II and the RestorationRestoration

Charles II is sometimes called Charles II is sometimes called ““the Merry Monarchthe Merry Monarch”” – as he had – as he had learned to admire the French learned to admire the French (and their art and plays).(and their art and plays).

He was also tolerant of religious He was also tolerant of religious issues - too much for Parliament issues - too much for Parliament who was afraid he sided with the who was afraid he sided with the Roman Catholics (his Catholic Roman Catholics (his Catholic brother James was next in line to brother James was next in line to the throne).the throne).

To get even, Parliament passed a To get even, Parliament passed a law that said the king had to law that said the king had to take communion with the Church take communion with the Church of England.of England.

Parliament even passed a bill to Parliament even passed a bill to keep James from becoming king.keep James from becoming king.

To keep that from happening, To keep that from happening, Charles ended Parliament – so Charles ended Parliament – so when he died, his brother did when he died, his brother did become king.become king.

The Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rightsand the English Bill of Rights

As soon as he was King, As soon as he was King, James II appointed many James II appointed many Roman Catholics to Roman Catholics to important positions – and important positions – and had his son baptized had his son baptized Roman Catholic.Roman Catholic.

Parliament was so mad, Parliament was so mad, they offered the throne to they offered the throne to William of Orange (who was William of Orange (who was married to James daughter, married to James daughter, Mary).Mary).

Later that year, Later that year, William and William and MaryMary showed up with their showed up with their army, and with no actual army, and with no actual fighting, James II left and fighting, James II left and wasnwasn’’t a factor in anything t a factor in anything again.again.

This is called This is called EnglandEngland’’s s Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution..

…………………………

When they took over, When they took over, William and Mary (and William and Mary (and Parliament) approved an Parliament) approved an English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights..

This was similar to the This was similar to the Magna Carta (500 years Magna Carta (500 years earlier).earlier).

This gave most political This gave most political rights in England to the rights in England to the Parliament.Parliament.

They would pass laws, They would pass laws, raise taxes, maintain an raise taxes, maintain an army, etc….army, etc….

This was also the start This was also the start of of habeas corpushabeas corpus – all – all the rights people have the rights people have when being accused of a when being accused of a crime.crime.

Change in EnglandChange in England

William and Mary (and the William and Mary (and the king/queen) now had limits to king/queen) now had limits to their power (a their power (a limited limited monarchy) monarchy) - with a- with a balance of balance of power power (both the people and (both the people and the government both having the government both having power).power).

A Prime Minister was going to A Prime Minister was going to run the country.run the country.

1694: Mary died.1694: Mary died. 1700: William died.1700: William died. 1701: parliament passed a 1701: parliament passed a

law that no Roman Catholic law that no Roman Catholic could be king of England.could be king of England.

1707: The Parliaments of 1707: The Parliaments of England and Scotland England and Scotland merged.merged.

And, Scotland joined England And, Scotland joined England and Wales, and they all and Wales, and they all became called Britain, or became called Britain, or Great Britain.Great Britain.Robert Walpole

One writer of the time: One writer of the time: John Locke.John Locke.

He wrote that one person He wrote that one person should never be in charge should never be in charge of the government.of the government.

Governments were formed Governments were formed because people allowed because people allowed them to be formed.them to be formed.

This was called the This was called the contract theory of contract theory of government: the government: the government made a government made a contract with the people to contract with the people to protect certain rights, such protect certain rights, such as life, liberty, and as life, liberty, and property.property.

If a government failed in If a government failed in this, a new government this, a new government could be put in place.could be put in place.

Horrible Histories: The Rulers of England