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! Project Securiprot S O U T E N U P A R

P A R T E N A I R E S

!Presentation of the project The large west of France is characterised by its land and livestock. The livestock need to be fed with a raw vegetal alimentation rich in Protein.

Finding means to reduce this dependency on imported vegetal protein is the whole interest in this project (SECURIPROT). Helping to re-integrate their farms in an agro ecological approach to producing grain legumes on their own farmsteads, instead of importing feed.

P R O J E C T S E C U R I P R O T

The objective of this survey is to identify the necessary tools that are needed to secure and increase the production of grain leguminous needed in the large west of France.

In 2014 a survey was realized with 159 Farmers in the regions of Brittany and Pays of the Loire who where producing peas, lupine and Faba bean on their exploitations between the period 2008 and 2014.

This survey permits 1) characterize the farms that are growing peas, lupine and Faba bean.

2) Identify the farmer’s motivation in growing these grain legumes.

3) to collect the main difficulties encountered in growing these crops.

! THE GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY ZONE

The survey was first started on the web line from May to September 2014 always with the farmers targeted in the large west of France.

The surveyed farmers explained their farmsteads (workshops, levels of production, AUA) they also indicated the surface that they dedicated to these crops, the quantity of their yield and the age of their initial crop plantations. They equally gave their motivation in growing these crops;

SECURE AND INCREASE THE PRODUCTION OF GRAIN LEGUMES FOR ANIMAL FEED IN THE LARGE WEST OF FRANCE !

Document rédigé par les étudiants de l’option Ingénierie des agrosystèmes de la spécialisation Sciences et Productions Végétales du cursus ingénieur agronome d’AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Encadrement : M. Carof, A. Ridier

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P R O J E T S E C U R I P R O T Document rédigé par les étudiants de l’option Ingénierie des agrosystèmes de la spécialisation Sciences et Productions

Végétales du cursus ingénieur agronome d’AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Encadrement : M. Carof, A. Ridier

What surface is used for grain legumes

Out of the 159 farmsteads surveyed, 121 cultivate peas, lupine and/or Faba bean, alone or in combined crops during the campaign 2013/2014.

It is on the 121 answers from these farmers that we based this chart.

Note that 54 of these 121 farmers are certified farmsteads in organic farming or are conversing towards organic farming.

In this survey the farmsteads that have milk cattle and that have at least one crop production are the most numerous (43 as shown below). Then you have farmsteads specialized in milk cattle (42) farmers who specialized in crop growing (23, 22 specialized in major field crops) the other farmsteads specialise in mono gastric husbandry (15) or ruminants that are not used for milk (10) The 26 farmsteads left are characterized by their mixed productions, with no milk cattle work shops but breed two or more animals, and grow two or more crops, 20 have at least one animal stock and one crop, AUA on the farmstead is between 111 ±61 ha.

Surface exploited for grain legumes In 2013/2014, the surface that was utilised for grain legumes represent at least 10% of the AUA. Though as

the charts show a variation exist depending on the species of grains and the way they are cultivated, alone or in combined sowing with other species of crops such as wheat. In general when they cultivate combined crops they generally use a much larger surface.

Pure culture such as spring peas and winter Faba bean are the species the most frequently encountered in this survey. In mixed combination sowing it’s the winter peas and Faba bean the most frequent. In these cases the lupins is very rarely cultivated. Difficult to analyse the future of this production and the outcome economically as most of the farmers use their crops to feed their own cattle

This graphic concerns the AUA occupied in 2013: 2014 on 121 farmsteads with six species of grains leguminous the first chart shows species alone and the chart below shows combined crops the vertical

lines are the standard deviations.

*Three out of the farmers did not communicate on the surface of the crops for this date

(PpH :peas in winter, PpP : peas in spring

LuH : Lupin in winter, LuP : lupin in spring

FéH :faba bean winter, FéP faba bean spring

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PROJET

SECURIPROT

Pure or associated culture crops

Peas and Faba bean, generally cultivated for more than four years

Three out of four association vegetales include triticale; wheat and barley, are used in only one out of seven farms.

In concordance with the previous data, the peas and Faba bean are species most frequently present in the association of grain leguminous.

The Binary association the most cited are Faba bean-triticale, peas-triticale

The quaternary association most cited are Faba bean-oats-peas and triticale.

Three of the farmers did not answer this question on how they operate and produce protein grain on their farmsteads.

Chart shows: the information collected shows 57 of the farmers cultivate protein but only 49 are exploitable( some of the farmers have not described their majority association ) and others use their harvest for fodder. Note that two farmsteads use pea fodder and one other grain leguminous.

The majority of the farmsteads surveyed (58%) cultivated only one, grain legumes in 2013-2014. In particular spring peas and winter Faba bean.

30% of the 121 farmers cultivate 2 grain leguminous and 10% cultivate 3 grain leguminous, only 2% cultivate 4 or more.

More than half the farms surveyed (52%) cultivate their land on pure culture,36% on associated culture and 13% mix the two. Description shown below on chart

(PpH : winter protein peas, PpP : spring protein peas,

LuH :winter lupines, LuP : spring lupine, FéH : winter, Faba bean FéP : spring Faba beans)

Chart: List of seniority on the exploitations surveyed, the culture of six species of grain leguminous. We only had one answer concerning winter protein peas , winter lupines, and four for the winter Faba bean.

Peas and Faba bean are cultures that are frequently implanted longer than four years on the farms that where surveyed.

Quarter of these exploitations (25%) cultivate Peas in winter for over (10 years)

They are even more numerous in cultivating peas and Faba bean in spring (41%,32%)

On the opposite hand the farmers that sow for the first time protein crops in the last two years are rare, but if they grow crops they pick lupines.

P R O J E C T S E C U R I P R O T Document rédigé par les étudiants de l’option Ingénierie des agrosystèmes de la spécialisation Sciences et Productions

Végétales du cursus ingénieur agronome d’AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Encadrement : M. Carof, A. Ridier

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PROJET

SECURIPROT

Document rédigé par les étudiants de l’option Ingénierie des agrosystèmes de la spécialisation Sciences et Productions Végétales du cursus ingénieur agronome d’AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Encadrement : M. Carof, A. Ridier

!Why grow protein crops?!

Chart 7: the percentage of the respondents consider that the advantages cited in the abscissa are the major motivation in growing lupines and Faba beans

Difficulties found in cultivating protein crops

Figure 8 – Pourcentage de répondants considérant les raisons citées en abscisse comme moyen pour accroître la culture du pois, du lupin et de la féverole sur leur exploitation (OS : Organisme stockeur, Prod. : Produit). Le graphique représente les valeurs moyennes, toutes espèces protéagineuses confondues. Les barres verticales sont les écart-types.

The 121 farmers grow protein grain crops, as these crops are a good substitute to soya in the animal nutrition chain. They are also good for the soil preceding other crops plantations.

Unsurprisingly the economy does not appear as an asset in the implementation of these crops.

Despite the acknowledgement known for the benefit of these crops, 80% of the farmsteads do not exclude stopping these crops on a short term basis ( though only 57% want to stop the production of lupines).

On the other hand three in four farmers have maintained their crops or even increased the surface of grain legumes grown in 2013/2014.

(except the spring Faba bean)

38 out of 159 farmers that where questioned did not cultivate protein crops in 2013/2014.

The reasons why they stopped growing grain leguminous where not clearly stated, but when stated the instability of the production, soiling crops and constraints in terms of fertilization application plans are stated frequently.

Concerning the 121 farmers cultivating grain leguminous in 2013/2014 the problems they encountered included the same stated above but also weeding problems were cited regularly, Problems in harvesting due to lodging and crop disease. Also small economical benefits through the instability in the quantities harvested.

Many farmers think that there is a lack of communication on the needs for protein crops and not enough registered matter. The tools needed to increase the surface of the protein crops on 121 farmsteads are shown in the chart below

Trois leviers se détachent : l'instauration d'aides publiques pour inciter à la culture de protéagineux à graines, l'obtention d'une meilleure rentabilité pour ces cultures (soit par augmentation du prix de vente, soit par réduction des charges opérationnelles), l'émergence d'un contexte économique qui serait défavorable au soja importé.

Three tools stand out as highly important for the increasing of protein crops in this survey.

1) FIND FUNDS FROM PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING PROTEIN CULTURE.

2) OBTAIN PROFITABILITY (Increasing profits through sales prices, reducing taxes)

3) ECONOMICAL EMERGENCE, (trying to disadvantage soya importation)

Even if these tools where already underway, the implantation of certain species would be impossible, as certain are sensitive to heat or water stress.

P R O J E C T S E C U R I P R O T Document rédigé par les étudiants de l’option Ingénierie des agrosystèmes de la spécialisation Sciences et Productions

Végétales du cursus ingénieur agronome d’AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Encadrement : M. Carof, A. Ridier