FAREWELLFAREWELLPlease remember…Please remember…....

The U.S. after The U.S. after George Washington George Washington

The United States of America

                           

The Constitution in 1796 required presidential electors to place the names of two individuals on their ballots; the candidate with the highest vote count, if a majority, became the president and the runner up the vice president.

The results were not anticipated by anyone.The results were not anticipated by anyone. Adams won with 71 electoral votes, but was followed by Thomas Jefferson with 68 votes; Thomas Pinckney trailed the leaders with 59. The president was a Federalist, but the vice president was the leader of the Democratic Republicans opposition – an untidy situation.

ELECTION of 1796ELECTION of 1796

                           

Sectionalism

Northern votes for Northern votes for AdamsAdams

Southern votes for Southern votes for JeffersonJefferson

““Sectionalism”Sectionalism”

President John Adams leader President John Adams leader of the Federalist Partyof the Federalist Party

Vice President Thomas Vice President Thomas Jefferson leader of the Jefferson leader of the Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans

United States 1796-1800United States 1796-1800

LibertyLiberty OrderOrder

President John Adams

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair

Undeclared war Undeclared war with Francewith France

Domestic Domestic IssuesIssues

Alien ActsAlien ActsSedition ActsSedition Acts

Virgina Virgina ResolutionResolution

Kentucky Kentucky ResoultionResoultion

                           

To counter a growing “threat” against government, the FederalistsFederalists pushed four measure known as the Alien and Sedition Acts through Congress in 1798.

THE ALIEN and SEDITION ACTSTHE ALIEN and SEDITION ACTS

                           

American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing opinions damaging to the government; President could deport violatorsTARGETED:Foreigners (immigrants, French and British radicals), and members of the Democratic – Republicans RESULTS: Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors, publishers, and politicians

Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Acts 1798

Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition Acts 1917Acts 1917

A person could be fined up to $10,000/20 years in prison if they interfered with the draft, obstructed the sale of bonds, or saying anything profane, disloyal, or abusive about the war effort

RESULTS:6,000 arrests for loosely defined anti-war activities (1,500 convictions)

House of Reps refused to seat a Socialists Congressman critical of the war

Supreme Court hears Schenck v. U.S case in 1917

The Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith

Act)

The act, which made it an offense to advocate or belong to a group that advocated the violent overthrow of the government.

was the basis of later prosecutions of members of the Communist and Socialist Workers parties.

WAR TIME CONSTITUIONAL ISSUES

                           

Patriotism and Political OppositionPatriotism and Political OppositionThe Patriot Act 2004The Patriot Act 2004

Providing Appropriate Tools Required to

Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism

http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/OP/html/OP_Home.html

ExecutiveExecutive

JudicialJudicial

LegislativeLegislative

Under the threat of war with France, Under the threat of war with France, Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an

effort to strengthen the Federal effort to strengthen the Federal government. Known collectively as the government. Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts, the legislation , the legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also sponsored by the Federalists was also

intended to quell any political intended to quell any political opposition from the Republicans, led by opposition from the Republicans, led by

Thomas Jefferson.Thomas Jefferson.

Kentucky Resolution

Virginia Resolution

The Virginia ResolutionThe Virginia Resolution

The Kentucky ResolutionThe Kentucky Resolution

Claimed the right to declare null and Claimed the right to declare null and void the alien and Sedition acts because void the alien and Sedition acts because it violated the bill of rights.it violated the bill of rights.

Claimed the right to declare null and Claimed the right to declare null and void federal laws going beyond the void federal laws going beyond the powers granted by the Constitution to powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal governmentthe Federal government

                                 

               

FederalismFederalism

What if states What if states ignore a ignore a

Federal law?Federal law?

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME: States RightsA FAMILIAR THEME: States Rights

In 1798 to counter a growing “threat” against government, the Federalists pushed four measure known as the Alien and Sedition Acts through Congress.

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Claimed the right to declare null and void federal laws going beyond the powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal government

In 1828: Congress passes In 1828: Congress passes Tariff of Tariff of AbominationsAbominations $45.00 tax on $45.00 tax on imports. Southern Congressmen imports. Southern Congressmen claim the Tariff favors the claim the Tariff favors the manufacturing Northmanufacturing North

John C.Calhoun issues the South Carolina Exposition declaring Tariff of 1832 “null and void”