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SEED PRODUCTION IN

CARROT (Daucus carota)

Submitted to: Dr. Sanjay ChaddaSubmitted by: Harmanjeet Singh (A-2015-30-071)

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CONTENT• Introduction• Scientific Classification• Why Most Of Carrot In Orange Colour ???• Climate • Soil• Land Requirement• Seeds And Sowing• Sowing Time• Manures And Fertilization• Spacing• Carrot Varieties• Irrigation • Weed Control• Pollination Of Carrot• Isolation • Methods Of Seed Production• Plant Protection• Harvesting And Seed Yield• Seed Standards (%)

I N T R O D U C T I O N

It has medicinal use also & diuretic, reminineralizing, antidiarrheal, overall tonic and antianemic.It is an annual or biennial herb with an erect and much branched stem, 30 to 120 cm tall arising from a thick fleshy taproot, 5-30 cm long bearing flowers borne in umbels.The main carrot growing states are Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.Haryana is leading producer of carrot in India followed by Andhra Pradesh

C = CAROTENE rich.A = precursor of Vit-A.R = RIBOFLAVIN rich.R = ROOT Crop.O = anti-OXIDANTT = TASTE of salad.

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Originated in Afghanistan in western Asia.Carrot is grown almost all parts of India, both in the plains and hills.It is used fresh as SALAD or COOKED as vegetable, fresh juice, pickle, and also gajar ka halwa.Kanji most popular appetizer drink prepared from black carrots.Chromosome no. 2n=18.

I N T R O D U C T I O N C O N T I … . .

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• Kingdom : Plantae• Order : Apiales• Family : Apiaceae• Genus : Daucus• Species : D. carota • Scientific name: Daucus carota

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

CLIMATECarrot is a cool season.European or Temperate type carrot requires cooler climate than Tropical or Asiatic types.A temperature range of 7- 23ºC is considered optimum for seed germination while for better root growth 10-15ºC is ideal & 15.6º-21.1ºC develops best orange colour of roots.Very high or low temperature is not conducive for proper development of roots.At higher temperatures, the roots become shorter, thicker and non-juicy while at lower temperatures (10 to 15º C)they become longer. At 10-15ºC=develop poor color.

15-20ºC=develop good color. 20-25ºC=develop less bright color.

SOILCarrots grows well-drained, deep, loose, sandy loam soils rich in humus and having a pH 6-7.Sandy soils, sandy loam and silted loam are the best .Soils free of clods are preferred for smooth straight roots.Heavy, clay soils or compacted soils may produce abnormal develoment of roots and roots become forked or branched.

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Field under carrot crop previous year can be used for seed production.

Uproot volunteer plants. Soil should be ploughed to a depth of 30-40 cm and

worked to a very fine tilth. Prepare raised beds 1 m wide and 20 cm high. Incorporate 5-10 tons/ha of cattle manure or

compost to beds and level.

LAND REQUIREMENT

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Monocropping

←Intercropping →

Mixcropping

CAN BE DONE AS;

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SEEDS AND SOWING

Directly sown in well-prepared fields or beds having sufficient moisture.

Seed rate is 6.25 kg/ha.Seeds are sown 1.5cm deep on flatbeds or ridges (10-15cm high). Distanse between ridges is 45 cm for Asiatic type & 30cm for

Temperate type. Temperature range of 7- 23°C is considered optimum for seed

germination while. Seeds are slow germinating takes 10-20 days. Thinning is done to maintaining distance of 4-5cm betwwens plants.

SOWING TIME

Sowing of Asiatic types in plain is done during August-September and by November-December roots will ready.Sowing of temperate types in plains for root production is done during October-December.

In low Hills : Aug-Sep In mid Hills : July-Sep In high Hills : March-July

MANURES AND FERTILIZATION

MARKET CROP : 100 kg N 50 kg P2O5 50 kg K2O

SEED CROP : 50 kg N 40 kg P2O5 40 kg K2O

SPACING

MARKET CROP : 30-40cm × 5-10cm SEED CROP : 60×45cm or 45×45cm or 45×30cm

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CARROT VARIETIES

Temperate/Europian types

• Good coloured roots are produced under lower temperature.

• Seeds can be produced in hills on account of chilling requirement.

Examples: Early Nantes Chantenay Pusa Yamdagini → Pusa Nayanjyoti

Tropical / Asiatic types

• Form Good coloured roots under high temperature.

• Seeds can be produced in plains.

Examples: N-29 Pusa Kesar → Pusa Meghali, etc.

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IRRIGATION Crop requires frequent irrigations at 4-6 Days

intervals during summer & 10-12 Days interval during winter or cool season.

Irrigation after a long dry period results in splitting of cracking of roots.

WEED CONTROL 2-3 Hand weeding and light hoeing done after 2 and

4 weeks after planting. Earthing up the plant once or twice at root

formation stage otherwise roots when exposed to sunlight develop green colour at crown or sholder.

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Pollination of carrot

• Cross-pollinated crop• Pollination occurs mainly through

bees• The pollen viability is depend on

the temperature

ISOLATION

For Foundation Seed

For Certified Seed

1000m distance

800m distance

Methods of Seed Production

Problem of Root Rot is more

1. Seed to Seed method :

When root formation is complete (after 4 to 4⅟₂ months), these are uprooted. Big core in carrot is not desirable. Normally Temperate varieties have small and coloured core. After ascertaining true to type characters, stecklings are prepared and planted.

When roots have been uprooted, replant stecklings immediately.

Store the roots in trenches and transplanted in spring . Roots are cut when we replant in spring.

2. Root to Seed Method :

STAGES OF FIELD INSPECTION

1. 30 days after sowing2. At lifting of roots and

steckling preparation3. At flowering

SEED SETTING

Seed setting is 100% in Primary umbel. 90-100% in secondary umbel and 82.7% in tertiary umbel.

Flower are hermaphrodite. Protandrous (male mature first)

Primary Umbel (P), Secondary Umbel (S) And Tertiary Umbel (T)

ROGUING

4 Roguings are done: 1) First at vegetative growth stage 2) Second at root uprooting and replating3) Third at full bloom period 4) Fourth at maturity: for late bolters.

PLANT PROTECTION In carrot, we do not have serious disease in India but a

few common diseases Leaf spot: Dithane Z-78 @ 0.2-0.3% Bacterial leaf spot: Common during storage /

transport. Thrips: Suck the sap from flower use:-Metasystox,

Rogor, Melathion. Carrot Fly: Much hoeing is not desirable as the smell of

leaves attract carrot fly and it will lay eggs in the disturbed soil/cracked fields.

SEED BORNE DISEASES

Carrot leaf blight (A. dauci) Black root rot and seedling blight (A. radicinum) Leaf spot (Cercospora carotae) Brown root rot (Gibberella avenacae) Phoma root rot (Phoma rosturpii) Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas carotae) Carrot Motley dwarf: CMD

HARVESTING AND SEED YIELD

Carrot inflorescence is compound umbel. There are primary, secondary and tertiary umbel. Primary umbel mature first followed by secondary and tertiary. So the harvesting is done at interval in 2-3 splits. Seed is threshed with sticks. Seed yield is 5-6 q/ha of Temperate varieties and 6-10q/ha of Asiatic varieties. 1000 seed weight is 800mg.

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WHY MOST OF CARROT IN ORANGE COLOUR ???

Orange colour of carrot → β-Carotene

Red colour of carrot → Lycopene

Purple colour of carrot → Anthocynin

Yellow colour of carrot → Xanthophyll (Lutin)

SEED STANDARDS (%)

Factors Foundation seed Certified seed

Pure seed (min.) 95% 94%

Inert matter (max.) 5% 6%

Germination (min.) 60% 55%

Other crop seeds (max.)

0.05% 0.10%

THANK YOU